Patent Application
20070193932
U.S. Pat. No. 6,187,178 (Lecornu et al.) shows a filter with several back flow means including a siphon. There is an air bleed included which insures the siphon being broken at the proper point.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,269 (Miller et al.) shows a filter in a hydraulic system in which a portion of the fluid in the return line, is drawn by Venturi, to the filter line.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,705,054 (Hyrsky) provides a filtered water in-take in which water flows out through pipe. If intake is blocked, flow through siphon tubs brings water in through intake. There is a tube which can be used for siphon control.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,537,687 (Piper) discusses a filter which is cleaned by back flushing. This device shows a reverse siphon started by the application of a section port to initiate a backflow siphon flow in tube.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,733 (Xhomnneux) shows a filter with a body and a backflow washing means including a siphon tube. The siphon tube causes the flow of fluid to go backwards. The siphon starts when filter is clogged and the fluid in the chamber reaches a particular level.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,229,292 (Mori et al) discloses a regenerating column which is provided with a flushing siphon that starts when the flushing fluid reaches the desired level. The regeneration operation is started by an operator rather than being an automatic means.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,841,485 (Malkin) shows in a siphon system which has back pressure increases a siphon is developed through a pipe which draws fluid through pipes to draw water through the filter element. There is a siphon breaker tube provided to stop the back flow.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,825,120 (Takahashi) shows a system which includes pump means for moving the fluid being handled. In addition to the pumps there is a siphon pipe means which passes fluid to container.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,549,012 (Mackrle) shows a system in which under cleaning conditions a siphon starts when fluid in it reaches the proper level and air control valves are closed. The suction developed by the siphon is applied to a second siphon to clear an upper section.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,502,212 (Ueda) provides a siphon tube which is filled by liquid as the filter clogs. There are also air flow and feeding means that controls the start and end of the cleaning cycle. When the cleaning cycle is started a siphon liquid flowing draws both liquid and filtered material to a drain.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,342,334 (Soriente et al.) show a filter system in which during the cleaning operation a valve is opened and flushing fluid flows down a pipe. U.S. Pat. No. 3,111,486 (Soriente) shows a back flow system in which liquid is delivered by a tube. When the filter is blocked fluid accumulates so that it reaches a point high enough to flow into a siphon and passes out of the filter system drawing the blocking material with it.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,879,891 (Beohner et al.) shows a filter which is provided with a siphon tube that fills when the back pressure caused by filter blockage, and the position of the air control means allow it to fill. When the siphon tube fills it draws fluid backwards through tubes and backwards through the filter materials and removes it.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,119,008 (Gibson) shows a water filtering system in which there is a pipe loop “L”, that appear to serve as a back flow cleaning siphon when valves are set for back washing. The control is in part a function of automatic float or flow control valves.
U.S. Pat. No. 630,988 (Reisert) shows a back flow system in which as the pressure increases liquid flows up pipe “I”, and down inner pipe “s”, so that a siphon is established.
Ukranian UA 411 (Dmitriyevich) discloses an oxidation/filtration apparatus where as the filtering medium muds the filter loss increases. The water level providing positive flow reaches a maximum height and primes a siphon to initiate rinsing of the filter medium.
a is an alternative embodiment elevational view of the oxidation, filtration, back flush, system;
a is an alternative embodiment elevational view of the back flushing system;
a is an alternative embodiment elevational view of the cleansing system;
A detailed description of will now be discussed.
Generally, to remove soluble iron from water an oxidation/filtration process 11 is utilized as shown in
Still referring to
As the water continues to flow into the filter tank 46, it enters into the upper portion 45 of the filter tank 46 and begins to flow out of the clean water outlet 54. There is a screen 52 at about the mid height of the tank 46 which stops the filter media 50 from migrating from the filter tank lower portion 47 into the filter tank upper portion 45.
When efficient filtration occurs, the water head in the water tower 24 will stay at approximately constant height, which also results in a constant output of clean water running through the clean water outlet 54 of the filter chamber 46. Thus, as the filtration process 11 continues, particulate filtrate matter 51 will begin to accumulate as it attaches in, around and to the low density filter media 50.
Eventually the filter media 50 will become so congested with the particulate 51 that the backwash operation will engage.
This engagement occurs because as more and more particulate 51 attaches to the filter media 50, the filtration flow decreases and water pressure head in the water tower 24 begins to increase. With the building water pressure in the water tower 24 the height of the water in the cylindrical feed line 80 rises.
The water in the cylindrical feed line 80 will reach the level of the connecting line 86 at the top of the feed line 80 which in turn leads to the discharge line 88. The discharge line 88 extends downwardly into a waste lock basin 90 in a holding tank 92. The flow of the water downward in the discharge line 88 creates the siphon vacuum. This vacuum starts drawing water out of the filter tank 46. As the water drops down in the filter tank 46, exiting the holding tank 92, the level of the water in the filter tank 46 will reach the lower end 96 of the vacuum line 98, or in other words, the upper part 45 of the filter tank 46. With this drop in water level, the vacuum line 98 becomes open to atmospheric pressure, and thus interrupts the siphoning action which is occurring in the discharge line 88. The water remaining in the discharge line 88 drops into the waste lock basin 90 and the water remaining in the cylindrical feed line 80 drops back to the distribution line 82 to restart the filtration process.
As previously stated before, the oxidation filtration system 11 will need to perform the siphoning and back flush process on a regular basis. Over time the ferrous soluble iron content in the groundwater will adhere to the inner regions of the cylindrical feed line 80, the distribution line 82, and tend to clog the feed line opening 84, as well as the discharge openings in the manifold 83. Where the soluble iron content is high, the clogging of these various filtration system components will occur more frequently.
This accumulation requires constant maintenance of the oxidation filtration system 11 and over the long term is more expensive to maintain than the preferred embodiment as discussed below.
Even if operation continues unimpeded, the inner diameter of the cylindrical feed line 80 will tend to decrease in size due to the increase in filtrate particulate 51 accumulation. With a smaller diameter comes a slower flow rate through the distribution line 82 and the cylindrical feed line 80 during the discharge process. Additionally, the many bends and turns in the pipes which comprise the discharge system and siphoning process add a level of complexity to the overall design which is not needed.
Additionally the backwash system itself likely will not carry the heavier filtrate particles 51 which are residing in the bottom of the filter chamber 46 up and over the connecting line 86. This tends to leave filtrate particulate 51 accumulations in the elbow between the cylindrical feed line 80 and the distribution line 82. Lastly, immediately after the back flushing process has occurred the groundwater 12 which begins to accumulates and flow upwards starting at the filter tank lower portion 47 and flowing upwards through the low density filter media 50 finally passing through the screen 52, will be cloudy due to the violence turbulence associated with the back flushing process. This cloud will tend to dissipate over time but in many cases the finer particles will be discharged out of the cleaning water outlet 54 and fed into the potable water lines feeding the residences or dairy buildings. To allow the fine filtrate particulate 51 to settle out, a cleansing or clarification period should be provided.
Within this context, an embodiment of the present concept will now be discussed.
A detailed discussion of a single oxidation filtration system will first be discussed followed by detailed discussion of an assembly of oxidation filtration systems as provided in current embodiment. First referring to
The groundwater must be pressured prior to being sprayed into the aeration tower upper zone 23. Pressure is provided from a pressure source, and a pressure meter 20 is attached to the source line 14 so that monitoring of the groundwater pressure can occur. A source line valve handle 19 enables the operator to turn the filtration system 10 on and off as desired. The pressurized water runs through a Venturi-type aerator injector 15 which is attached to the source line 14 near the source line outlet 17. Connected to the end of the source line, is a spray nozzle 16. After running through the Venturi-type aerator 15, the groundwater exits through the spray nozzle 16 which further acts to aerate the groundwater 12 thus converting the soluble ferrous iron content into a nonsoluble form, completing the oxidation portion of the process and allowing the particulate ferrous content 51 as described further herein to drop out of the groundwater 12.
Once the groundwater has been aerated, the ferrous content is ready to drop out of the groundwater upon contact with a medium which has an attracting valence charge. Referring to
Referring back to
A brief discussion of the pipes or ports associated with the flushing system will now be provided. Part of the overall monitoring and cleaning or flushing system 35 is the opening and closing of various ports or exit and entrance pipes to create the desired turbulence in the filtration tank lower chamber 47 as well as to clarify the dislodged ferrous particulate after the turbulent back flushing.
Referring to
A clarifying pipe 39 is provided at the filter tank upper chamber to allow cloudy or turbulent water to be drained. The cleansing or clarifying pipe 39 leads from the filter tank upper chamber 45 and connects to the vertically lower back flush pipe 28 at a second junction. The clarifying pipe 39 also has a filtration section clarification port (FSCP) 38 also referred to as a clarifying valve 38, with the same standard automated valve having a weir and control box as the back flush valve.
Referring now to
Providing a means of clarifying cloudy groundwater is a clarification line 106 located within the upper chamber 45 of the filter tank. This clarification line also has the clarification valve 38 which operates the same as the back flush valve 30. After the turbulence in back flushing has occurred, a clarifying period is run which allows the finer particulate to settle out.
During normal operational flow the aerated water 9 will generally accumulate in the aeration tower 24 building up a pressure head 22 which drives the corresponding discharge rate out of the filtration tank 46. The discharge rate stays relatively constant based on a discharge pressure which correlates to the pressure head 22 in the aeration tower 24. The filter media 50 has a certain porosity between the actual media particles which will allow for only a maximum flow rate through the filter media 50. The pressure head 22 in the aeration tower 24 will build until the flow rate through this filter media equals the pressure head from the aeration tower. As the filtered water 7 enters into the upper chamber 45 of the filter tank, it accumulates until the top layer of the water reaches the filtered water exit pipe 54. This exit pipe 54 has enough cross-sectional area to maintain a constant volume of filtered water 7 within the filter tank 45 upper chamber.
As a natural consequence of filtering the iron or particulate out of the groundwater, the lower chamber 47 of the filter tank in the filter media 50 will accumulate the filtered particulate until such time as the filtering is ineffective. Also, the particulate will tend to reduce the flow rate through the filter media and the corresponding pressure head 22 will need to increase, thus building the height level of the aerated water within the aeration tower 24.
Many geographic regions have significant amounts of soluble iron or manganese within the groundwater and therefore flushing of the lower chamber 47 of the filter tank can be beneficial for the life expectancy of the oxidation filtration system. There are many ways to monitor and trigger the back flushing of the filtration tank 46. Speaking broadly, these include monitoring of the pressure head 22 as it increases in the aeration tank 24, monitoring the filtered water quality 7 in the upper chamber 46 of the filter tank, monitoring the amounts of soluble compounds in the local groundwater supply to determine an optimal periodic back flushing setting.
To coordinate the sequence of monitoring and cleaning of the oxidation filtration system, an oxidation filtration monitoring and cleaning system 35 is provided that will now be discussed. Referring to
During the course of filtration, an emergency such as a high-level water sensor may be engaged, the sensor then immediately sends from the PLC a signal to set off the alarm 111 and alert the owners of the system that there is a high water level within the aeration tower 24. The PLC can also operate the solenoid of an oxidation filtration system control valve or port 212 which is designed to alternate the use of an off-line and online oxidation filtration system connected in series. This will be further discussed as seen in
Referring to
The control application 132 is configured to allow for varying control and sensor settings for the various oxidation filtration systems 10. The control application 132 is configured to operate the controller components including the valves or ports and sensors of the various oxidation filtration systems such as oxidation filtration system applications 1 through 3,
Because each oxidation filtration system 10 has essentially the same type of sensors 136 and control devices 138, the control application implements a sub-application such as an available oxidation filtration system application 1140. The sub-application will then draw from a series of control objects 146 as seen in
Of course other programming paradigms may be used such as a non-object-oriented programming language including Basic, Fortran, or an assembly programming language specifically designed for the programmable logic controller.
Still discussing
The users can also set a period of time for the back flushing to take place. This is considered the back flush cycle 150. The back flush cycle tells the programmable logic controller 36 how long the back flush valve 30 is to stay open. Similarly, and referring back to
The control objects class 146 also contains a setting for emergency back flush 154. This occurs when one of the high-level sensors within the aeration tower 24 such as the diaphragm sensor 107 as seen in
An additional control object within the control application 132 is a calibration for normal back flush time 158. This calibration for normal back flush time calculates the mean or the average time between the system back flushes, and provides an optimization or recommended setting for the back flush time object 148. This calibration for normal back flush time 158 is beneficial because as previously discussed; each geographic region which requires the oxidation filtration services has different levels of soluble compounds and thus requires different frequencies for washing or cleaning of the filter media 50 as seen in
To keep the filtration system running relatively smoothly, a high-level delay object 162 is provided. During the course of operation, the aeration tower 24 may experience high-level water false-starts or in other words false warnings, which have been triggered from splashing or a short period of reduced filtration flow. The high-level delay object 162 allows the user to set the amount of time that the high water float 34 or the diaphragm sensor 107 must be activated or raised before the emergency back flush object 154 will signal the back flush valve 30 to begin the system flush.
To notify the system operator or the owner of the oxidation filtration device that an unscheduled back flushing event has occurred, a series of alarms have been designed to communicate the emergency status. After a signal has been received from one of the sensors 136 as seen in
The alarm object 160 has an alarm delay which delays the audible alarm initiation. This delay allows response from the pager alarm discussed below from irritating or annoying residents within the vicinity of the oxidation filtration system. The alarm object 160 will also send a signal through the communications device or modem 131 to a pager service located at a remote client 133 which then notifies the owner of the high-level emergency. The alarm object 160 has an audible silence control which when activated allows the operator to work on the emergency system without the audible alarm causing a distraction. If the high-level emergency is not corrected within a period of time, the audible alarm will then re-activate until such time as the back flush occurs.
In addition to servicing dairy farms and other agricultural operations, the oxidation filtration system 10 can also be used to process groundwater for a small municipality. The current embodiment provides for each filtration unit to process approximately 25,000 gallons to 30,000 gallons per day. An average person will typically use between 75 to 100 gallons of water per day. Therefore, the typical 25,000 gallon processing filtration unit can service approximately 250 people each day. To service between 1,000 people to 2,500 people equating to a small municipality or medium-size subdivision, having between five and ten filtration units running in parallel producing between 125,000 gallons to 250,000 gallons of filtered water each day would be beneficial to the local governmental authority.
The current preferred embodiment for the oxidation filtration tank assembly 250 as seen in
The system can produce approximately 75,000 gallons of water constantly per day. The current embodiment of the programmable logic controller 36 can coordinate five filtration tanks in parallel. The tanks currently producing filtered water and the assembly as shown in
A brief discussion of the overall process or method as it operates in the current embodiment will now be provided.
Reference will be made to
At this stage, the source groundwater 12 begins to fully filter through the filter media 50 as the water pressure static head 22 in the aeration tower 24 begins to increase forcing the water through the filter media and beginning the filter rate of the source groundwater through the media until a steady-state flow rate is reached.
The surface area of the individual filter media is such that it readily attracts the iron oxide particles thus taking the particulate out of the groundwater. The aerated water 12 filters through the filter media and enters into the upper chamber 45 of the filtered tank 46. The filtered water contained within the upper chamber 45 will exit through the filtered water crossover pipe 54 or the exit port 54 and dropped into a holding tank 48.
Filtering of the groundwater continues unimpeded for the filtering cycle until such time as the filtration rate through the filter media decreases. As the filter rate slows, the static head pressure 22 in the aerated tower 24 begins to build. At a certain point the static head pressure 22 reaches the high-level float 34 or the diaphragm sensor 107 and then sends a back flush or discharge signal from the back flush sensor 32 or diaphragm sensor 107 to the programmable logic controller 36.
At this point in the process, the programmable logic controller runs the control application 132 for the particular oxidation filtration system 140. Depending on the operational settings held within the various control objects 146 the alarm 111 may be delayed from sounding because the users may have set the high-level delay 162 to for example five minutes. Simultaneously, the control application 132 will send a pager signal 164 through the modem 131 to the remote client 133 which in this case would be the pager of the on-site operator. The pager would then notify the operator of the emergency situation and the operator could take a number of actions. One of the actions would be for the operator to access the control application 132 through the remote client 133 connected to a modem 131.
The operator could then check the system status of the particular oxidation filtration system to determine if the alarm signal is an actual high-level emergency or is just a false alarm.
The operator can then verify that the water pressure level 22 in the aeration tower 24 has reached the high-level float 34 or the diaphragm sensor 107 and a back flush or system flush should be initiated. After the back flush has been initiated, the operator can direct the programmable logic 36 to send a signal to the oxidation filtration system control valve or port 212 as seen in
The calibration for the normal back flush time 158 will then take place recalculating the average amount of time between back flushes and reset the back flush time object 148. This recalibration can occur for each of the oxidation filtration systems within the assembly 250.
The filtration will continue until the back flush time 148 signaled to the programmable logic controller 36 that a back flush cycle 150 should occur. The programmable logic controller will then signal the back flush valve 30. Referring to
This process of back flushing and rinsing the filter media 50 occurs for the entire period of the back flush cycle timer 150 as set in the control application 132.
After the time period has elapsed, the programmable logic controller then signals the clarification valve or port 38 as seen in
Because of the significant turbulence which occurred in the back flushing process, iron or other particulate is suspended within the groundwater and may be residual in the upper chamber 45 and the lower chamber 47 of the filter tank 46. In lieu of waiting for the dislodged particulate to settle out, a clarification process is provided where the clarification line 108 in the upper chamber 45 is opened by the clarification port 38 to clean and dispose of the cloudy groundwater 70.
The control application runs the clarification cycle for the desired period of time as set in the clarification cycle timer object 152. Alternatively, the particulate sensor 103 can monitor the level of particulate within the upper chamber 45 during the back flushing process to then send a signal to the programmable logic controller that the clarification cycle should begin and then terminate when the particulate levels in the upper chamber diminish to an acceptable filtered level.
However the clarification period 152 is determined, the cloudy water 70 exits through the clarification line 106 for the clarification cycle 52 until the cycle is complete. One embodiment has this cycle lasting approximately 30 minutes. After the clarification cycle is complete, the clarification port 38 is closed by the programmable logic controller sending a signal to the solenoid of the clarification valve or port to close the aperture.
Once the entire flushing cycle has taken place, the groundwater within the aeration tower 24 is allowed to build up pressure head 22 until such time as the filtration rate reaches its normal equilibrium state and filtration of the groundwater continues.
After continuous use of the oxidation filtration tanks 10, such as for a year or two, maintenance of the oxidation filtration back flush assembly or tank 10 may be required. The accumulation of the iron particulate or other crud may occur generally within the crossover pipe 26 or block the exit port 102 as seen in
Each cleanout pipe section 72 is attached to a manifold 74 with a gasket 76. When the crossover pipe 26 becomes clogged with particulate, the operator can shut down the system and remove the cleanout pipes 72. Similarly, when the exit port 102 becomes clogged and the aeration tower 24 can no longer pass water from the aeration tower into the lower chamber of the filter tank 47, the operator can shut down the entire process, remove the filter tank cover and extract the aeration tower 24 from the interior of the filter tank. The media mesh 52 can be removed and cleanout of the filter tank and of the aeration tower can occur relatively inexpensively. This use of maintenance allows for long life of the oxidation filtration tank 10.
This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 60/588,677, filed Jul. 16, 2004 and U.S. Ser. No. 11/184,188, filed Jul. 18, 2005.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11184188 | Jul 2005 | US |
| Child | 11681909 | Mar 2007 | US |
