Patent Application
20190048297
The present disclosure relates to water-soluble unit dose articles containing amphiphilic graft polymer, polyester terephthalate and carboxymethylcellulose and processes of washing fabrics using said water-soluble unit dose articles.
Water-soluble unit dose articles are liked by consumers as they are convenient and efficient to use. Such water-soluble unit dose articles often comprise laundry detergent compositions.
During the laundry operation, various detergent actives are deposited on fabrics. The rinse step of the wash operation is designed to remove any residual material before the end of the of the wash. However, occasionally some residual material may remain. In fact, residual material, especially surfactant material can remain on fabrics from previous wash operations as well as from the wash operation currently being performed.
Consumers, do not like the residual material remaining on fabrics following the wash and so there is a desire to further reduce instances of material remaining on fabrics following the wash.
Due to the compact nature of unit dose articles, there is finite space available for formulating actives into the composition. Therefore, there is a desire to reduce instances of material remaining on fabrics without further addition of chemistry actives specific to achieve this benefit.
It was surprisingly found that when formulating a mixture of three polymers (amphiphilic graft polymer, polyester terephthalate and carboxymethylcellulose), improved removal of residual surfactant from the fabrics was achieved across both natural and synthetic fibers. This is especially surprising as mixtures of just two of the polymers (amphiphilic graft polymer together with carboxymethylcellulose and polyester terephthalate together with carboxymethylcellulose) seemed to enhance surfactant retention especially on cotton fibres. Furthermore, all three polymers provide cleaning benefits as either soil release polymers or anti-soil redeposition polymers, meaning there is no need for addition of single purpose chemistries for removal of the residual surfactant.
The present disclosure relates to a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a water-soluble film and a liquid laundry detergent composition, wherein the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises:
The present disclosure also relates to a process for washing fabrics comprising the steps of:
The present disclosure also relates to the use of a combination of a first polymer, a second and a third polymer to reduce residual surfactant remaining on fabrics following a wash operation, wherein the first, second and third polymers are formulated into a water-soluble unit dose article and wherein the first polymer is an amphiphilic graft polymer, the second polymer is a polyester terephthalate and the third polymer is carboxymethylcellulose or a derivative thereof.
The present disclosure relates to a water-soluble unit dose article comprising a water-soluble film and a liquid laundry detergent composition. The water-soluble film and the liquid detergent composition are described in more detail below.
The water-soluble unit dose article comprises the water-soluble film shaped such that the unit-dose article comprises at least one internal compartment surrounded by the water-soluble film. The unit dose article may comprise a first water-soluble film and a second water-soluble film sealed to one another such to define the internal compartment. The water-soluble unit dose article is constructed such that the detergent composition does not leak out of the compartment during storage. However, upon addition of the water-soluble unit dose article to water, the water-soluble film dissolves and releases the contents of the internal compartment into the wash liquor.
The compartment should be understood as meaning a closed internal space within the unit dose article, which holds the detergent composition. During manufacture, a first water-soluble film may be shaped to comprise an open compartment into which the detergent composition is added. A second water-soluble film is then laid over the first film in such an orientation as to close the opening of the compartment. The first and second films are then sealed together along a seal region.
The unit dose article may comprise more than one compartment, even at least two compartments, or even at least three compartments. The compartments may be arranged in superposed orientation, i.e. one positioned on top of the other. In such an orientation the unit dose article will comprise three films, top, middle and bottom. Alternatively, the compartments may be positioned in a side-by-side orientation, i.e. one orientated next to the other. The compartments may even be orientated in a ‘tyre and rim’ arrangement, i.e. a first compartment is positioned next to a second compartment, but the first compartment at least partially surrounds the second compartment, but does not completely enclose the second compartment. Alternatively one compartment may be completely enclosed within another compartment.
Wherein the unit dose article comprises at least two compartments, one of the compartments may be smaller than the other compartment. Wherein the unit dose article comprises at least three compartments, two of the compartments may be smaller than the third compartment, and preferably the smaller compartments are superposed on the larger compartment. The superposed compartments preferably are orientated side-by-side.
In a multi-compartment orientation, the detergent composition according to the present invention may be comprised in at least one of the compartments. It may for example be comprised in just one compartment, or may be comprised in two compartments, or even in three compartments.
Each compartment may comprise the same or different compositions. The different compositions could all be in the same form, or they may be in different forms.
The water-soluble unit dose article may comprise at least two internal compartments, wherein the liquid laundry detergent composition is comprised in at least one of the compartments, preferably wherein the unit dose article comprises at least three compartments, wherein the detergent composition is comprised in at least one of the compartments.
The film of the present invention is soluble or dispersible in water. The water-soluble film preferably has a thickness of from 20 to 150 micron, preferably 35 to 125 micron, even more preferably 50 to 110 micron, most preferably about 76 micron.
Preferably, the film has a water-solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out here after using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 20 microns:
5 grams±0.1 gram of film material is added in a pre-weighed 3 L beaker and 2 L±5 ml of distilled water is added. This is stirred vigorously on a magnetic stirrer, Labline model No. 1250 or equivalent and 5 cm magnetic stirrer, set at 600 rpm, for 30 minutes at 30° C. Then, the mixture is filtered through a folded qualitative sintered-glass filter with a pore size as defined above (max. 20 micron). The water is dried off from the collected filtrate by any conventional method, and the weight of the remaining material is determined (which is the dissolved or dispersed fraction). Then, the percentage solubility or dispersability can be calculated.
Preferred film materials are preferably polymeric materials. The film material can, for example, be obtained by casting, blow-moulding, extrusion or blown extrusion of the polymeric material, as known in the art.
Preferred polymers, copolymers or derivatives thereof suitable for use as pouch material are selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyalkylene oxides, acrylamide, acrylic acid, cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides, polyvinyl acetates, polycarboxylic acids and salts, polyaminoacids or peptides, polyamides, polyacrylamide, copolymers of maleic/acrylic acids, polysaccharides including starch and gelatine, natural gums such as xanthum and carragum. More preferred polymers are selected from polyacrylates and water-soluble acrylate copolymers, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, maltodextrin, polymethacrylates, and most preferably selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and combinations thereof. Preferably, the level of polymer in the pouch material, for example a PVA polymer, is at least 60%. The polymer can have any weight average molecular weight, preferably from about 1000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from about 10,000 to 300,000 yet more preferably from about 20,000 to 150,000.
Preferably, the water-soluble film comprises polyvinyl alcohol polymer or copolymer, preferably a blend of polyvinylalcohol polymers and/or polyvinylalcohol copolymers, preferably selected from sulphonated and carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymers especially carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymers, most preferably a blend of a polyvinylalcohol homopolymer and a carboxylated anionic polyvinylalcohol copolymer.
Preferred films exhibit good dissolution in cold water, meaning unheated distilled water. Preferably such films exhibit good dissolution at temperatures of 24° C., even more preferably at 10° C. By good dissolution it is meant that the film exhibits water-solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the method set out here after using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 20 microns, described above.
Preferred films are those supplied by Monosol under the trade references M8630, M8900, M8779, M8310.
The film may be opaque, transparent or translucent. The film may comprise a printed area.
The area of print may be achieved using standard techniques, such as flexographic printing or inkjet printing.
The film may comprise an aversive agent, for example a bittering agent. Suitable bittering agents include, but are not limited to, naringin, sucrose octaacetate, quinine hydrochloride, denatonium benzoate, or mixtures thereof. Any suitable level of aversive agent may be used in the film. Suitable levels include, but are not limited to, 1 to 5000 ppm, or even 100 to 2500 ppm, or even 250 to 2000 rpm.
The water-soluble unit dose article comprises a liquid laundry detergent composition. The term ‘liquid laundry detergent composition’ refers to any laundry detergent composition comprising a liquid capable of wetting and treating a fabric, and includes, but is not limited to, liquids, gels, pastes, dispersions and the like. The liquid composition can include solids or gases in suitably subdivided form, but the liquid composition excludes forms which are non-fluid overall, such as tablets or granules.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, preferably the polymers are formulated into a liquid laundry detergent as this enables faster release into the wash liquor. This is especially beneficially in quick and cold wash cycles in which the risk of the being stuck in undissolved powder pasty phase is minimised.
The liquid detergent composition can be used in a fabric hand wash operation or may be used in an automatic machine fabric wash operation.
The liquid laundry detergent composition comprises between 0.1% and 10%, preferably between 0.25% and 5% even more preferably between 0.5% and 4%, most preferably between 0.75% and 3% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a first polymer, wherein the first polymer is an amphiphilic graft polymer. The first polymer may be fully dissolved in the liquid laundry detergent composition, may be partially dissolved or maybe a dispersed particulate, or a mixture thereof. The first polymer is described in more detail below.
The liquid laundry detergent composition comprises between 0.1% and 10%, preferably between 0.15% and 5% even more preferably between 0.2% and 4%, most preferably between 0.25% and 3% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a second polymer, wherein the second polymer is a polyester terephthalate. The second polymer may be fully dissolved in the liquid laundry detergent composition, may be partially dissolved or maybe a dispersed particulate, or a mixture thereof. The second polymer is described in more detail below.
The liquid laundry detergent composition comprises between 0.1% and 10%, preferably between 0.2% and 5% even more preferably between 0.3% and 4%, most preferably between 0.4% and 3% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a third polymer, wherein the third polymer is carboxymethylcellulose or a derivative thereof. The third polymer may be fully dissolved in the liquid laundry detergent composition, may be partially dissolved or maybe a dispersed particulate, or a mixture thereof. The third polymer is described in more detail below.
The liquid laundry detergent composition comprises up to 50%, preferably between 5% and 50%, more preferably between 7.5% and 45%, even more preferably between 10% and 40%, or even more preferably between 12% and 37%, most preferably between 15% and 30% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a non-soap anionic surfactant. The non-soap anionic surfactant is described in more detail below.
Preferably, the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises between 0.1% and 10%, preferably between 0.2% and 7%, more preferably between 0.3% and 5% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a combination of the first polymer, the second polymer and the third polymer. In other words, the total concentration of the three polymers may be between 0.1% and 10%, preferably between 0.2% and 7%, more preferably between 0.3% and 5% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition.
The liquid laundry detergent composition preferably comprises between 0% and 10%, preferably between 0.01% and 8%, more preferably between 0.1% and 6%, most preferably between 0.15% and 4% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a non-ionic surfactant. Preferably, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from alcohol alkoxylate, an oxo-synthesised alcohol alkoxylate, Guerbet alcohol alkoxylates, alkyl phenol alcohol alkoxylates or a mixture thereof.
Preferably, the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises between 1.5% and 20%, more preferably between 2% and 15%, even more preferably between 3% and 10%, most preferably between 4% and 8% by weight of the liquid detergent composition of soap, preferably a fatty acid salt, more preferably an amine neutralized fatty acid salt, wherein preferably the amine is an alkanolamine more preferably selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or a mixture thereof, more preferably monoethanolamine.
The liquid laundry detergent composition preferably comprises a cationic polysaccharide, preferably selected from cationically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, cationically modified hydroxypropyl cellulose, cationically and hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, cationically and hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl cellulose, or a mixture thereof, more preferably cationically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, cationically and hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, or a mixture thereof. The cationic polysaccharide preferably is present between 0.05% and 3%, preferably between 0.1% and 2%, more preferably between 0.2% and 1%, most preferably between 0.25% and 0.75% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition.
Preferably, the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises an alkoxylated polyethyleneimine, preferably an ethoxylated polyethyleneimine. Preferably, the liquid laundry detergent composition comprises between 0.1% and 10%, preferably between 0.5% and 7%, more preferably between 1% and 5% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of the ethoxylated polyethyleneimine.
The water-soluble unit dose article preferably comprises 15% or less by weight of the unit dose article of water, preferably comprising between 0.1% and 15%, more preferably between 1% and 12.5% by weight of the unit dose article of water.
Preferably, the water-soluble unit dose article comprises between 10% and 60%, preferably between 12% and 50%, most preferably between 15% and 40% by weight of the liquid laundry detergent composition of a non-aqueous solvent, preferably wherein the non-aqueous solvent is selected from 1,2-Propanediol, glycerol, sorbitol, dipropylene glycol, tripropyleneglycol, or a mixture thereof.
The liquid laundry detergent composition may further comprise an adjunct ingredient selected from further polymers, builders, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach, bleach activators, polymeric dispersing agents, anti-redeposition agents, suds suppressors, aesthetic dyes, opacifiers, perfumes, perfume delivery systems, structurants, hydrotropes, processing aids, pigments and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the liquid laundry detergent composition has a pH between 6 and 10, more preferably between 6.5 and 8.9, most preferably between 7 and 8. The pH of the liquid laundry detergent composition may be measured as a 10% dilution in demineralized water at 20° C.
The first polymer is an amphiphilic graft polymer. Preferably, the first polymer is based on polyalkylene oxides and vinyl esters, preferably based on water-soluble polyalkylene oxides (A) as a graft base and side chains formed by polymerization of a vinyl ester component (B), said polymer having an average of <1 graft site per 50 alkylene oxide units, more preferably wherein the molar ratio of grafted to ungrafted alkylene oxide units is from 0.002 to 0.05, preferably from 0.002 to 0.035, more preferably from 0.003 to 0.025, most preferably from 0.004 to 0.02.
The first polymer preferably has a mean molecular mass Mw of from 3000 to 100 000. Preferably, the first polymer has a polydispersity Mw/Mn of less than 3, wherein Mn is the mean molar mass.
The first polymer may have from 20% to 70%, preferably from 25% to 60% by weight of the first polymer of the polyalkylene oxide (A), preferably the water-soluble polyalkylene oxide (A) as a graft base. Preferably, the polyalkylene oxide graft base (A) is a polyethylene glycol.
Preferably, the first polymer comprises from 30% to 80% by weight of the vinyl ester component (B), preferably wherein the vinyl ester component (B) comprises a vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or a mixture thereof (B1), and optionally an C1-C8-alkyl acrylate (B2) more preferably from 70% to 100% by weight of vinyl acetate (B1) and from 0% to 30% by weight of a C1-C8-alkyl acrylate (B2).
Preferably, the first polymer comprises less than 10% by weight of the amphiphilic graft polymer of polyvinyl ester (B) in ungrafted form.
Preferably, the first polymer is a polyethylene glycol graft base and vinyl acetate side chains, as according to the following structure;
wherein, preferably the ethylene oxide/vinyl acetate content is from 30%/70% to 50%/50%, and wherein preferably the amphiphilic graft polymer has a mean molar mass (Mn) value of from 10000 g/mol to 20000 g/mol, more preferably from 10000 g/mol to 15000 g/mol, and wherein preferably the amphiphilic graft polymer has a mean molecular mass (Mw) value of from 20000 g/mol to 30000 g/mol, preferably from 25000 g/mol to 30000 g/mol, more preferably, yielding a polydispersity Mw/Mn of from 1 to 3, preferably 1.5 to 2.5, wherein preferably the amphiphilic graft polymer has an average degree of grafted units per polyethyleneglycol polymer graft base preferably is less than 2.7, preferably between 0.5 and 2.5, more preferably between 1 and 2, wherein preferably the amphiphilic graft polymer has an average n value of between 30 and 70, more preferably between 40 and 60, most preferably between 50 and 55.
The second polymer is a polyester terephthalate. Preferably, the second polymer is a polyester terephthalate backbone grafted with one or more anionic groups, more preferably, the second polymer is an anionic polyester of propylene terephtalate.
Suitable anionic polyesters are those that are derived from terephtalic acid, 5-sulfoisophtalic acid or the salt of 5-sulfoisophtalic acid, from ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol and polyalkyleneglycol monoalkyl ether, and optionally from further monomers having 3 to 6 functions capable of polycondensation, in particular acid, alcohol or ester functions. In particular, suitable polyesters comprise structural units (I) to (III):
—[(OCHR1—CHR2)a—O—OC—Ar—CO—]d (I)
—[(OCHR3—CHR4)b—O—OC-sAr—CO—]e (II)
—[(OCHR5—CHR6)c—OR7]f (III)
wherein:
a, b and c are from 1 to 200;
d, e and f are from 1 to 50;
Ar is a 1,4-substituted phenylene;
sAr is 1,3-substituted phenylene substituted in position 5 with SO3Me;
Me is Li, K, Mg/2, Ca/2, Al/3, ammonium, mono-, di-, tri-, or tetraalkylammonium wherein the alkyl groups are (C1-C22) alkyl or (C2-C10) hydroxyalkyl, or mixtures thereof;
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from H or (C1-C18) n- or iso-alkyl preferably methyl; and
R7 is a linear or branched (C1-C18) alkyl, or a linear or branched (C2-C30) alkenyl, or a cycloalkyl group with 5 to 9 carbon atoms, a (C6-C30) aryl group or a (C6-C50) arylalkyl group preferably phenyl or benzyl.
Preferred are anionic polyesters as defined above, where R1 to R6 independently are H or methyl, R7 is methyl, a, b and c are a number from 1 to 200, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably a and b are 1 and c can be a number from 2 to 10. Herein d is a number between 1 and 25, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 5, e is a number between 1 and 30, preferably between 2 and 15, more preferably between 3 and 10, and f is a number between 0.05 and 15, preferably between 0.1 and 10, more preferably between 0.25 and 3.
It is clear to the expert that these values are always statistical average values with a natural distribution that varies from system to system.
Besides linear polyesters which result from the structural units (I) to (III) above, crosslinked or branched polyester structures are also possible for the purpose of the invention, the polymer as such further comprising a cross-linking polyfunctional structural unit with at least 3 to at most 6 functional groups capable of the esterification reaction. Functional groups may be for example acid, alcohol, ester, anhydride or epoxy groups. The weight fraction of the cross-linking monomers, based on total mass of the polyesters, is preferably 0 to 10%, more preferably 0 to 5%, most preferably 0 to 3%. Preferably the anionic polyester is a linear anionic polyester with no cross-linking.
The polyesters according to the invention generally have a number average molecular weight in the range of 700 to 50000 g/mol, preferably 800 to 25000 g/mol, more preferably 1000 to 15000 g/mol, most preferably 1200 to 12000 g/mol.
Suitable soil release polymers are sold by Clariant under the TexCare® series of polymers, e.g. TexCare® SRN240 and especially TexCare® SRA300. Other suitable soil release polymers are sold by Solvay under the Repel-o-Tex® series of polymers, e.g. Repel-o-Tex® SF2 and Repel-o-Tex® Crystal.
The third polymer is carboxymethylcellulose or a derivative thereof. Preferably, the third polymer is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, a hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl cellulose or a mixture thereof, more preferably a hydrophobically modified carboxymethylcellulose.
As used herein, the term “celluloses” includes natural celluloses and synthetic celluloses. Celluloses can be extracted from plants or produced by microorganisms.
Suitable carboxymethyl cellulose has a structure according to the formula:
Cellulose has three groups (R) available for substitution per repeating unit. For carboxymethyl cellulose, each R group will comprise either Ra or Rb with the ‘degree of substitution’ being defined as the average number of R groups per repeating cellulose unit that comprise Rb. Obviously in the case of carboxymethylcellulose, not all R groups will be Ra. The Rb moiety is the carboxymethyl substituent. The carboxymethyl cellulose has an average degree of carboxymethyl substitution of from 0.3 to 0.9, preferably from 0.4 and preferably to 0.8.
It may be preferred for the carboxymethyl cellulose to be further substituted with a hydrophobic moiety according to the following structure to give a hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl cellulose
wherein, each R group will comprise either Ra, Rb, Rc, or Rd in which R1 and R2 are independently selected from alkyl or alkenyl chains having from 5 to 22 carbon atoms. The Rb moiety is the carboxymethyl substituent. Obviously for hydrophobically modified carboxymethylcellulose, at least one Rb group will be present. The Rc and Rd moieties are examples of possible hydrophobic substituents. Alternative hydrophobic substituents will be recognized by persons skilled in the art. The ‘degree of carboxymethyl substitution’ is defined as the average number of R groups per repeating cellulose unit that comprise Rb. The carboxymethyl cellulose has an average degree of carboxymethyl substitution of from 0.3 to 0.9, preferably from 0.4 and preferably to 0.8. The ‘degree of hydrophobic moiety substitution’ is defined as the average total number of R groups per repeating cellulose unit that comprise Rc, and/or Rd. Preferably, the average degree of hydrophobic moiety substitution is in the range of from 0.001 to 0.2.
The carboxymethylcellulose preferably has a molecular weight of from 10,000 Da to 300,000 Da, preferably from 50,000 Da to 250,000 Da, most preferably from 100,000 Da to 200,000 Da.
In order to further improve the dissolution performance of the carboxymethyl cellulose, it may be preferred for a combination of smaller molecular weight and larger molecular weight carboxymethyl celluloses to be used, typically in such a manner so that a bimodal molecular weight distribution is achieved. Preferably, the carboxymethyl cellulose has a bimodal molecular weight distribution, wherein the first molecular weight modal has a peak in the range of from 10,000 Da to below 100,000 Da, and wherein the second molecular weight modal has a peak in the range of from 100,000 Da to 300,000 Da. Preferably, the first molecular weight modal has a peak in the range of from 20,000 Da or from 30,000 Da, and preferably to 90,000 Da, or to 80,000 Da, or to 70,000 Da. Preferably, the second molecular weight modal has a peak in the range of from 120,000 Da, or from 150,000 Da, and preferably to 250,000 Da, or to 200,000 Da.
It may also be preferred for the carboxymethyl cellulose to have a degree of substitution (DS) in the range of from 0.01 to 0.99 and a degree of blockiness (DB) such that the sum of DS+DB is at least 1.00, preferably at least 1.05, or at least 1.10, or at least 1.15, or at least 1.20, or at least 1.25, or at least 1.30, or at least 1.35, or at least 1.40, or at least 1.45, or at least 1.50.
Preferably, the carboxymethyl cellulose has a degree of substitution (DS) in the range of from 0.01 to 0.99 and a degree of blockiness (DB) such that the sum of DB+2DS−DS2 is at least 1.20, or at least 1.25, or at least 1.30, or at least 1.35, or at least 1.40, or at least 1.45, or at least 1.50.
Preferably, the carboxymethyl celluose is a hydrophobically modified carboxymethylcellulose having a degree of substitution (DS) of from 0.01 to 0.99 and a degree of blockiness (DB) such that either DS+DB is of at least 1.00 and/or DB+2DS−DS2 is at least 1.20.
A typical method to determine the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is described in more detail below. A typical method to determine the degree of blockiness (DB) of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is described in more detail below.
Methods of producing carboxymethyl cellulose are well described in the art.
Various methods of producing hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl cellulose are disclosed in the art.
Carboxymethylcellulose polymers include Finnfix GDA (sold by CP Kelco), a hydrophobically modified carboxymethylcellulose, e.g. the alkyl ketene dimer derivative of carboxymethylcellulose sold under the tradename Finnfix SH1 (CP Kelco), or the blocky carboxymethylcellulose sold under the tradename Finnfix V (sold by CP Kelco).
Method to determine degree of carboxymethyl substitution (DS) of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC): The DS was determined by igniting CMC to ash at high temperature (650° C.) for 45 minutes in order to remove all the organic material. The remaining inorganic ashes were dissolved in distilled water and methyl red added. The sample was titrated with 0.1M hydrochloric acid until the solution turned pink. The DS was calculated from the amount of titrated acid (b ml) and the amount of CMC (G g) using the formula below.
DS=0.162*{(0.1*b/G)/[1−(0.08*0.1*(b/G)]}
Alternatively, the DS of a substituted cellulose may be measured by conductimetry or 13C NMR.
Method to determine degree of blockiness (DB) of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC): In the case of a substituted cellulose, the DB may correspond to the amount (A) of non-substituted glucose units released after a specific enzymatic hydrolysis with the commercial endoglucanase enzyme (Econase CE, AB Enzymes, Darmstadt, Germany) divided by the total amount of non-substituted glucose units released after acid hydrolysis (A+B). The enzymatic activity is specific to non-substituted glucose units in the polymer chain that are directly bounded to another non-substituted glucose unit.
The enzymatic degradation is performed using the enzyme (Econase CE) in a buffer at pH 4.8 at 50° C. for 3 days. To 25 ml of substituted cellulose sample, 250 mL of enzyme is used. The degradation is stopped by heating the samples to 90° C. and keeping them hot for 15 minutes. The acid hydrolysis for both substitution pattern and blockiness is carried out in perchloric acid (15 min in 70% HClO4 at room temperature and 3 hours in 6.4% HClO4 at 120° C.). The samples are analysed using Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperiometric Detection (PAD detector: BioLC50 (Dionex, Sunnyvale, Calif., USA)). The HPAEC/PAD system is calibrated with 13C NMR. The monosaccharides are separated at 35° C. using a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min on a PA-1 analytical column using 100 mM NaOH as eluent with increasing sodium acetate (from 0 to 1M sodium acetate in 30 mins). Each sample is analysed three to five times and an average is calculated. The number of unsubstituted glucose that were directly linked to at least one substituted glucose (A), and the number of unsubstituted glucose that were not directly linked to a substituted glucose (B) are deduced and the DB of the substituted cellulose sample is calculated: DB=B/(A+B).
Method to determine degree of hydrophobic moiety substitution of a hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC): The degree of hydrophobically moiety substitution is determined using FT-IR spectroscopy.
Preferably, the non-soap anionic surfactant comprises linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkoxylated alkyl sulphate or a mixture thereof. More preferably, the non-soap anionic surfactant is a mixture of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate and alkoxylated alkyl sulphate, more preferably a mixture of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate and ethoxylated alkyl sulphate.
Preferably, the weight ratio of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate to alkoxylated alkyl sulphate, more preferably linear alkylbenzene sulphonate to ethoxylated alkyl sulphate is from 1:2 to 20:1, preferably from 1.1:1 to 15:1, more preferably from 1.2:1 to 10:1, even more preferably from 1.3:1 to 5:1, most preferably from 1.4:1 to 3:1.
The weight ratio of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate to ethoxylated alkyl sulphate may be from 1:10 to 20:1, preferably from 1:7 to 3:1, more preferably from 1:5 to 1.5:1.
Preferably, the weight ratio of total anionic surfactant (i.e. all anionic surfactant present in the liquid composition): non-ionic surfactant in the liquid composition is between 5:1 and 23:1. Preferably, the non-soap anionic surfactant is neutralised with an amine, preferably selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or a mixture thereof, more preferably monoethanolamine.
Those skilled in the art will know how to make the water-soluble unit dose article and liquid laundry detergent composition of the present invention using commonly known manufacturing techniques.
A further aspect of the present invention is a process for washing fabrics comprising the steps of;
Another aspect of the present invention is the use of a combination of a first polymer, a second and a third polymer to reduce residual surfactant remaining on fabrics following a wash operation, wherein the first, second and third polymers are formulated into a water-soluble unit dose article and wherein the first polymer is an amphiphilic graft polymer, the second polymer is a polyester terephthalate and the third polymer is carboxymethylcellulose or a derivative thereof.
The first polymer, the second polymer and the third polymer are as described above. Preferably the residual surfactant is non-soap anionic surfactant as described above.
The impact of formulating a ternary polymer system according to the invention, comprising an amphiphilic graft polymer, a polyester terephthalate and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), in a soluble unit dose laundry composition, on amount of remaining anionic surfactant on fabrics at the end of a wash cycle has been assessed for both cotton and polyester fabrics through running a full scale washing test, extracting the remaining anionic surfactant from said fabrics and quantifying the amount of said anionic surfactant through analytical titration.
The following base formula composition was prepared through mixing of the individual components.
Pre-dissolved polymer solutions in demineralized water have been prepared separately by mixing the polymer starting material in demineralized water.
Pre-dissolved polymer solutions were mixed with 22.7 g of base formulation such that below tabulated active polymer levels were obtained. To calculate the active polymer in the respective tests the add-on water from the pre-dissolved polymer solutions was not considered, i.e. 0.68 g of 100% active polymer has been added on top of 22.7 g base formulation to obtain a 3% active polymer formula composition, such that all test active components were kept constant across all tests, as well as the total polymer content been kept constant at 3% across all tests (except for the nil polymer reference). Test H describes a formula composition comprising a ternary polymer system according to the invention, comprising an amphiphilic graft polymer, a polyester terephthalate and CMC, contrary to tests A to G which are comparative examples outside the scope of the invention lacking at least one of the targeted polymers.
The nil polymer-base and mixed polymer-base compositions were added together with 10 terry cotton fabric tracers (Type: Calderon RN37004-LL-B2 fabrics, 59 g per tracer—sourced from Calderon Textiles LLC, Indianapolis) or with 10 100% polyester white fabric tracers (30 cm*30 cm—11 g per tracer—sourced from Maison Doree, Brussels) in a Miele W1714 automatic washing machine. A 30 minutes express cycle was selected with 15 gpg water at 30° C. This washing step has been repeated 3 more times. After 4 cycles the cotton terry towel and polyester fabric tracers were line dried and submitted for analytical quantification of remaining anionic surfactant content.
The anionic surfactant (LAS) remaining on the fabric tracers has been extracted from the fabric tracers and analytically quantified following the test methods described herein:
The anionic surfactant has been extracted from the fabric tracers using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE) type Dionex ASE100. Herefore 22-25 g of fabric sample was put within a 66 ml ASE sample holder and extracted using an 800 ml chloroform/200 ml acetonitrile/25 ml acetic acid extraction solvent mixture.
Extraction Conditions were Set as Follow:
The collected extract was then further diluted to 100 ml with chloroform using 100 ml volumetric flasks. After mixing 25 ml of the resulting mixture has been submitted for analytical quantification of the extracted anionic surfactant content.
The amount of extracted anionic surfactant has been analytically quantified through manual titration. The method is based on the dye-complexing property of anionic surfactants. The extraction sample containing the anionic surfactants dissolved in chloroform (25 mL) is mixed with 20 mL of a mixed indicator solution of cationic and anionic-complexing dyes (dimidium bromide and disulfine blue VN150, both available from Sigma) in water. The anionic surfactant cationic dye complex is soluble in the organic layer and gives it a red-pink color. The surfactant is titrated with a 0.004N solution of Hyamine 1622 (available from Sigma), with the Hyamine 1622 preferentially displacing the dye in the dye-surfactant complex that produces the pink color. As the Hyamine 1622 displaces the dye, the color in the organic layer changes from pink to gray at the endpoint. This is where all the red dye has been replaced with Hyamine 1622. If excess Hyamine 1622 is added, it complexes the anionic dye, giving blue color to the organic layer indicating that the endpoint has been overshot. The amount of anionic surfactant present in the extracted solution can consequently be calculated from the amount of titrant used to reach the end point, and back-calculated towards amount of anionic surfactant present on the original fabric tracers trough considering the starting weight of the fabric in the extraction process.
Remaining anionic surfactant levels on the fabric have been summarized in tables below. The data clearly show that a soluble unit dose laundry composition comprising a ternary polymer system according to the invention shows a synergistic, statistically superior surfactant rinsing profile across both cotton terry towels and synthetic polyester fabrics compared to nil, single and dual polymer systems outside the scope of the invention. This is especially surprising as dual polymer systems F and G even show an inferior surfactant rinsing profile on cotton terry towels compared to the nil polymer reference.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17185936.6 | Aug 2017 | EP | regional |
