Patent Grant
12139236
The present application relates generally to methods, apparatuses, and systems for displacing water with a power boat and, more particularly, to a foil displacement system that can enable a water-sports boat to displace water for boating activities, such as wake surfing, wake boarding, etc. Additionally, the foil displacement system creates down forces that may advantageously enhance or replace traditional internal and/or external ballast systems. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system creates lifting forces to stabilize the boat during rough conditions, assist in a hole shot, and/or improve fuel efficiency.
Wake surfing is a water sport in which a rider surfs the wake created behind a water-sports boat. The rider typically starts in the water and is pulled up into position on a surfboard with a tow rope. Once positioned on the wake, the rider rides the steep face below the wave's peak, similar to traditional surfing on an ocean wave.
The deeper the water-sports boat is in the water, the more water is displaced and the bigger the wake. Bigger wakes can make wake surfing more enjoyable. Water-sport boats typically use a ballast tank system to weigh down the water-sports boat deeper into the water to create bigger wakes. Ballast tanks can be filled and emptied with water to varying levels to create wakes of varying sizes and configurations. More sophisticated tanks may attempt to move water from one side to another to level or lift the boat or even balance uneven people or other ballast.
The U.S., particularly Western states, have seen a rise in invasive aquatic organisms in inland bodies of water. Many state governments, administrative agencies or water control boards are seeking and have sought to enact strict laws and regulations that try to limit or slow the spread of these invasive species from one lake to another. Some of these governmental groups allege that water sports boats create a unique problem. That is, it is often very problematic to ensure that the ballast systems on water sports boats are entirely drained of water as such boats are moved from one lake to another. The governmental groups allege larva could survive in almost empty water ballast tanks, and when those tanks are reloaded and redrained at a new site, that larva can be transferred from the tanks to the new lake. Thus, such governmental groups are moving to ban water sports boats with ballast systems from certain waterways.
Various embodiments of a foil displacement system are described herein. In some embodiments, a water-sports boat (power boat, watercraft, boat) includes a foil displacement system that can enable the water-sports boat to displace water to create wakes of varying sizes and configurations. The foil displacement system can instantaneously change the effective weight of the water-sports boat to selectively displace more or less water. The foil displacement systems can be used independently from or in conjunction with a ballast tank system or other displacement system. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can replace a ballast tank system. Additionally, ballast tanks can often take considerable time to fill, empty, and/or adjust. In some embodiments, the foil displacement systems disclosed herein can advantageously be quickly deployed, stowed, and/or adjusted to immediately shape wakes of varying sizes and configurations without needing to pump water in or out of a tank, or move water from one side tank to the other.
In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can include one or more foils that are positioned within the water and at an angle of attack that can create a downward force upon forward movement of the water-sports boat. The downward force can be sufficient to pull a hull of the water-sports boat down into the water to displace a sufficient quantity of water to create a wake suitable for wake surfing. In some embodiments, the angle of attack of the one or more foils can be adjusted to displace varying quantities of water to create wakes of varying sizes. In some embodiments, the foils can be static, move forward and aft, rotate, and/or move up and down. In some embodiments, multiple foils can be employed that can have varying angles of attack. This can advantageously enable a side of the water sports boat to be pulled downward to a depth that is deeper than an opposing side, causing the hull to lift, which can create larger wakes.
In some embodiments, the one or more foils can be deployed and stowed, which can advantageously enable the water-sports boat to be loaded onto a trailer and/or navigate shallow water. In some embodiments, the one or more foils can be deployed and stowed manually and/or automatically. In some embodiments, the one or more foils can be fixedly deployed. In some embodiments, the angle of attack of the one or more foils can be altered manually and/or automatically to create downward and/or lifting force. In some embodiments, the angle of attack of the one or more foils is fixed.
In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can be used to create wakes suitable for wake boarding, as described herein. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can be used to minimize wakes, which can be desirable for waterskiing. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can lift, and/or cause lifting forces or uplift on the hull to minimize hull contact to improve speed and/or fuel economy, and/or stabilize the ride in rough water or wind conditions. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can improve stability, which can include correcting pitch, yaw, and/or roll. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can prevent excessive bow rise, which can be problematic during acceleration. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can prevent excessive bow fall, which can be problematic during deceleration. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system can enable the water-sports boat to quickly plane.
Various embodiments are depicted in the accompanying drawings for illustrative purposes and may not be drawn to scale, and should in no way be interpreted as limiting the scope of the embodiments. In addition, various features of different disclosed embodiments can be combined to form additional embodiments, which are part of this disclosure.
angle of attack actuator.
Although certain embodiments and examples are described below, this disclosure extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, it is intended that the scope of this disclosure should not be limited by any particular embodiments described below.
The wake 105 is typically asymmetrical for wake surfing. Preferably, one side of the water-sports boat 100, a port side 112 or starboard side 110, is lower in the water to form a suitable wave form for surfing in the wake 105. For example, as illustrated in
Different wake configurations are typically desired for wake boarding compared to wake surfing. The wake 105, as illustrated in
In general, the wake 105 is less steep for wake boarding than for wake surfing, which can be suitable for crossing the wake 105 and/or jumping as described below. The wake 105 can be generally smaller for wake boarding than wake surfing (e.g., having a lower peak height) to enable the rider 102 to more easily cross the wake 105 from the port side 104 to the starboard side 106. Often, a front face of a wake for a wakeboarder can be shaped to range from a somewhat linear to a steep exponential ramp. The rider 102 can even use the wake 105 to jump into the air when crossing from one side to the other. For example, as illustrated in
Different wake configurations can be desired for other water sports or activities, such as water skiing, towing inflatables, etc. Different wakes can also be desired based on rider preferences. Accordingly, adjusting the quantity and location of water displaced by the water-sports boat 100 can be important for enjoying a variety of water sports or activities.
The water-sport boats 100 can include one or more wake modify features, as illustrated in
The water-sports boat 100 can include a wake-modifying device (wedge) 130 to enhance the overall size of the wake formed by the watercraft. One such device is commercially available from Malibu Boats, under the product name, “Power Wedge,” which is similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,140,318, the entire content of which is incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference. Another such device may incorporate pivotal centerline fins of the type developed by Malibu Boats and described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,534,214, the entire content of which is also incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference.
The one or more water diverters 128 and wake-modifying device 130 can modify the configuration of a wake, such as the shape and/or size. However, the one or more water diverters 128 and wake modifying device 130 are often used with a ballast tank system to produce wakes of a greater size. As described above, ballast tank systems utilize tanks that can fill and empty to selectively increase the weight of the water-sports boat 100 to produce wakes of greater size and/or different configurations. As illustrated in
The foil displacement system 138 can include one or more foils (e.g., hydrofoils) that can create a downward force (e.g., downward suction) upon movement of the water-sports boat 100 through water such that the hull 124 is lowered to displace more water to create a larger wake 105. The foil displacement system 138 can quickly (instantaneously) increase the effective weight of the water-sports boat 100 upon movement thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more foils can create a lifting force upon movement of the water-sports boat 100 through the water such that the hull 124 is raised to displace less water, reduce contact with the water, and/or reduce the size of the wake 105. In some embodiments, the one or more foils can lower the port side 112 or starboard side 110. In some embodiments, the one or more foils can lower and/or raise the bow 116 and/or stern 108. In some embodiments, an angle of attack of the one or more foils can be adjusted to create a downward or lifting force. The foil displacement system 138 can include one, two, three, four, five, or six or more foils.
The foil displacement system 138 can include a forward foil (hydrofoil) 140. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 can be optimized and/or configured for creating downward force. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 can create a lifting force upon changing an angle of attack.
As illustrated, the forward foil 140 is in a dihedral configuration. A dihedral configuration can produce a natural roll moment that can be advantageous. The dihedral configuration can provide increased stability. In some embodiments, the dihedral angle of the forward foil 140 can match the local deadrise of the hull 124. Stated differently, the top surface of the forward foil 140 can be parallel with the proximate portion of the hull 124. Matching the dihedral angle of the forward foil 140 with the local deadrise of the hull 124 can enable the forward foil 140 to be positioned within a recess 152 of the hull 124, a bottom surface of the forward foil 140 to be coplanar with the surrounding portion of the hull 124, and/or the forward foil 140 to positioned more proximate the hull 124 without effecting performance of the forward foil 140.
The forward foil 140 is asymmetric front to back and symmetric side to side. The foreword foil 140 and the spar 146 are in a T foil configuration. In some embodiments, the forward edge (leading edge) of the forward foil 140 is swept while the aft edge (trailing edge) is straight. In some embodiments, the chord of the forward foil 140 is tapered, which can reduce vortices that can negatively impact performance of the forward foil 140. In some embodiments, the chord of the foreword foil 140 is smaller in the direction of the starboard side 110 and port side 112. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 is not tapered, such as when the forward foil 140 is a modified Eppler 420 foil because the modified Eppler 420 foil can be configured to reduce vortices without tapering. It can be desirable to avoid vortices to reduce noise, vibrations, and diminished force production. The forward foil 140 is larger the aft foils 142, 144, described in more detail below. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 is the same or a smaller size than the aft foils 142, 144. As will be appreciated, many different foil types/shapes can be chosen for the forward foil 140 depending on hull configuration, loading requirements, desired boat speed, desired performance, etc., which can at least include the foils detailed elsewhere herein.
The forward foil 140 can be centered along the longitudinal axis 122 of the water-sports boat 100, as illustrated in
The forward foil 140 can be a variety of sizes. The size of the forward foil 140 can be influenced by the size, expected travel speed, and/or desired performance of the water-sports boat 100 and/or desired wake 405 configuration. For example, in some embodiments, the forward foil 140 may be 36-40 inches wide (the length in the starboard-to-port direction) for a 20-23 foot length hull. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 may be less than 33, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 or more inches wide or any width between the foregoing values for a 20-23 foot length hull. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 may be 48-56 inches wide for a hull over 23 feet in length. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 may be less than 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 or more inches wide or any width between the foregoing values for a hull over 23 feet in length. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 may be less than 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 33, 34, or 35 or more inches wide or any width between the foregoing values for a hull length that is less than 20 feet. The size of the forward foil 140 can be influenced by balancing the forces created by the forward and aft foils to prevent and/or reduce porpoising or other dynamic instabilities. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 is equal or similar to the combined width of the aft foils 142, 144. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 is less than 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, or greater than 100% of the combined width of the aft foils 142, 144. The size of the forward foil 140 can be influenced by the type or shape of foil used. For example, a more symmetrical foil would need to be larger than an optimized a-symmetrical foil to produce the same force.
The forward foil 140 can be connected, which can include coupled, to a spar (support, rod, pole, leg) 146. The spar 146 can distance the forward foil 140 away from the hull 124. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 is removably coupled to the spar 146, which can include being bolted together. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 and the spar 146 are fixedly connected, which can include being welded or adhered together. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 and the spar 146 are monolithically formed. In some embodiments, more than one spar 146 distances the forward foil 140 away from the hull 124.
The spar 146 can have a uniform cross-section or a variable cross-section. In some embodiments, the portion of the spar 146 that contacts water can have a uniform cross-section. The spar 146 can have a cross-section that this tapered in the forward-to-aft direction. The spar 146 can have a cross-section that is a tear drop shape or elongate tear drop shape. The spar 146 can have a cross-section that is oblong, oval, circular, polygonal, irregular, a tube, box tube, and/or other shapes. In some embodiments, the spar 146 can have a cross section that is narrower in the forward and aft directions relative to a central portion. The forward edge of the spar 146 can be rounded, pointed, and/or other configurations. The aft edge of the spar 146 can be rounded, pointed, and/or other configurations. In some embodiments, the distance between the forward and aft edge of the spar 146 can be the same as or similar to the chord length of the forward foil 140. In some embodiments, it is desirable to minimize or reduce the distance between the forward and aft edge of the spar 146 to lessen the impact on the performance of a rudder 154. In some embodiments, the rudder 154 is enlarged to accommodate for the use of foil(s) and spar(s). In some embodiments, the spar can be positioned and or shaped to reduce drag and/or turbulence and/or its affect on the associated or other foils.
The length of the spar 146 can vary depending on a variety of factors. The length of the spar 146 can be such that the forward foil 140 is at a sufficient depth of water to best perform. The length of the spar 146 can be such that the forward foil 140 remains submerged under normal operating conditions during use. The length of the spar 146 can be such that the forward foil 140 can be positioned at least half the chord length of the forward foil 140 away from the hull 124, which can be advantageous in a T foil configuration. In some embodiments, the length of the spar 146 can position the forward foil 140 less than 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, or 32 or more inches away from the hull 124. In some embodiments, the length of the spar 146 can be short enough such that the spar 146 can be retracted within the hull 124 but remain inside the envelope of the available deck height. Specifically, many boats include a deck above a hull creating in many places a cavity between the deck and the hull. The cavity often includes wiring, plumbing, ballast tanks, storage, etc. In some embodiments, the spar 146 can extend above the deck height if retracted. In some embodiments, it is desirable to minimize or reduce the length of the spar 146 (e.g., the length of the spar 146 that contacts the water) to lessen the impact on the performance of the rudder 154. The combination of a foil and spar throughout can be referred to as a foil assembly (e.g. forward foil assembly, port aft foil assembly, starboard aft foil assembly). In some embodiments, the combination of a foil, spar, vertical actuator, and/or angle of attack actuator can be referred to as a foil assembly.
The foil displacement system 138 can include a starboard aft foil 144 and/or a port aft foil 142. In some embodiments, one, two, three, or four or more aft foil(s) are included. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and/or a port aft foil 142 can be optimized and/or configured for creating downward force. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and/or a port aft foil 142 can create a lifting force upon changing an angle of attack.
The starboard aft foil 144 and a spar 150 are in a T foil configuration. The port aft foil 142 and spar 148 are in a T foil configuration. The starboard aft foil 144 and spar 150 can be the same as the port aft foil 142 and spar 148, being in mirrored configurations relative to a central plane extending through the vertical axis 118 and longitudinal axis 122. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and spar 150 are not the same as the port aft foil 142 and spar 148. The chords of the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can be consistent across the width (length in starboard to port direction) of the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142, respectively. Stated differently, the chords of the of the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 14, in some embodiments, are not tapered. In some embodiments, the chords of the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can be inconsistent across the width of the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142, respectively (e.g., tapered).
The starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 are smaller than the forward foil 140. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and/or port aft foil 142 are the same size or bigger than the forward foil 140. As will be appreciated, however, many different foil types/shapes can be chosen depending on hull configuration, loading requirements, desired boat speed, desired performance, available control systems, etc., which can at least include the foils detailed elsewhere herein.
The starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can be equally spaced away from the longitudinal axis 122 of the water-sports boat 100, as illustrated in
The starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can be a variety of sizes. The sizes of the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can be influenced by the size, expected travel speed, and/or desired performance of the water-sports boat 100 and/or desired wake 405 configuration. As described above, the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can be the same size or, in some embodiments, different sizes. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and/or port aft foil 142 may be 18-20 inches wide (the length in the starboard-to-port direction) for a 20-23 foot length hull. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and/or port aft foil 142 may be less than 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 or more inches wide or any width between the foregoing values for a 20-23 foot length hull. In some embodiments, starboard aft foil 144 and/or port aft foil 142 may be 24-28 inches wide for a hull over 23 feet in length. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 may be less than 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, or 31 or more inches wide or any width between the foregoing values for a hull over 23 feet in length. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 may be less than 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or more inches wide or any width between the foregoing values for a hull length that is less than 20 feet
The size of the starboard aft foil 144 and/or port aft foil 142 can be influenced by balancing the forces created by the forward and aft foils to prevent and/or reduce porpoising or other dynamic instabilities. For example, in some embodiments, the foils can balance the hull 124 to reduce high pressure zones which can cause dynamic instabilities. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system 138 can the balance the water-sports boat 100 via positioning of the foils in reference to the center of gravity and/or balancing the forces created by the foils (e.g. prevent excessive imbalances). In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can, together or individually, be equal or similar to the width of the forward foil 140 and/or combined width of forward foil(s) 140. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142, together or individually, are less than 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, or greater than 100% of the width of the forward foil 140 and/or combined width of forward foil(s) 140. The size of the starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can be influenced by the type or shape of foil used. For example, a more symmetrical foil would need to be larger than an optimized a-symmetrical foil to produce the same force.
The starboard aft foil 144 and port aft foil 142 can each be connected, which can include coupled, to a spar. The starboard aft foil 144 can be connected to the spar 150. The port aft foil 142 can be connected to the spar 148. The spars 148, 150 can respectively space the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 away from the hull 124. In some embodiments, the spars 148, 150 can be connected. In some embodiments, the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 are each respectively removably coupled to the spars 148, 150, which can include being bolted together. In some embodiments, the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 are each respectively fixedly connected to the spars 148, 150, which can include being welded or adhered together. In some embodiments, the starboard aft foil 144 and the spar 150 are monolithically formed. In some embodiments, the port aft foil 142 and the spar 148 are monolithically formed. In some embodiments, more than one spar 148, 150 respectively distances the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 away from the hull 124.
The spars 148, 150 can be the same or different. The spars 148, 150 can have a uniform cross-section or a variable cross-section. In some embodiments, the portion of the spars 148, 148 that contacts the water can have a uniform cross-section. The spars 148, 150 can have a cross-section that is tapered in the forward to-aft direction. The spars 148, 150 can have a cross-section that is a tear drop shape or elongate tear drop shape. The spars 148, 150 can have a cross-section that is oblong, oval, circular, polygonal, irregular, and/or other shapes. In some embodiments, the spars 148, 150 can have a cross section that is narrower in the forward and aft directions relative to a central portion. The forward edge of the spars 148, 150 can be rounded, pointed, and/or other configurations. The aft edge of the spars 148, 150 can be rounded, pointed, and/or other configurations. In some embodiments, the distance between the forward and aft edges of the spars 148, 150 can be the same as or similar to the chord length of the respective port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 to which the spar is connected. In some embodiments, it is desirable to minimize or reduce the distance between the forward and aft edge of spars 148, 150 to lessen the impact on the performance of the rudder 154.
The length of the spars 148, 150 can vary depending on a variety of factors. The length of the spars 148, 150 can be the same or different. The length of the spars 148, 150 can be such that the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 are at a sufficient depth of water to best perform. The length of the spars 148, 150 can be such that the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 remain submerged under normal operating conditions during use. The length of the spars 148, 150 can be such that the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 are each positioned at least half the chord length of the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144, respectively, which can be advantageous in a T foil configuration. In some embodiments, the length of the spars 148, 150 can, respectively, position the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 less than 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, or 32 or more inches away from the hull 124 or any length between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the length of the spars 148, 150 can be short enough such that the spars 148, 150 can be retracted within the hull 124 but remain inside the envelope of the available deck height. In some embodiments, the spars 148, 150 can extend above the deck height if retracted. In some embodiments, it is desirable to minimize or reduce the length of the spars 148, 150 (e.g., the length of the spars 148, 150 that contacts the water) to lessen the impact on the performance of the rudder 154. The spars 146, 148, 150 can be the same, similar, or different. Additionally, at a stowed position, the foil may advantageously be sufficiently close to the hull to reduce or minimize its interaction with passing water. In some embodiments, the spar and the foil retract into an accommodating space in the hull. The disclosed foils (e.g., forward foil 140, port aft foil 142, and/or starboard aft foil 144) can include sections port and starboard of the attached spare that are symmetrical front to aft, which can produce a downward force. The disclosed foils (e.g., forward foil 140, port aft foil 142, and/or starboard aft foil 144) can have a mirrored configuration relative to the spar to which the foil is attached. For example, the forward foil 140 can be mirrored with respect to the spar 148. Stated differently, the section of the forward foil 140 port of the spar 146 can be in a mirrored configuration relative to the section of the forward foil 140 starboard of the spar 146.
The forward foil 140, port aft foil 142, and/or starboard aft foil 144 can, in some embodiments, be moved between a deployed and stowed position. The deployed position can one in which the foil is spaced away from the hull 124 a predetermined distance. The stowed position can one in which the foil is proximate the hull 124 and/or within a recess in the hull 124. The deployed position can be one in which the deployed foil will generate a downward or lifting force. The stowed position can be one in which the stowed foil will not generate or substantially not generate a downward or lifting force.
The forward foil 140, port aft foil 142, and starboard aft foil 144 are in a deployed position as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the spars 146, 148 and/or 150 can be manually extended, retracted, tilted, and/or rotated. In some embodiments, the spars 146, 148, and/or 150 can be manually extended, retracted, rotated, tilted and/or held in position with a screw, jack screw, rack and pinion, lever, pin(s) removably inserted into positioning holes along a portion of a spar, cable system, gear assembly, clamps that can selectively release and hold a spar, rollers, lockable rollers, pulley system, suction attachments, mechanical mating systems, and/or other suitable apparatuses or systems.
The forward foil 140 can be retracted into a recess (depression, indentation, gap, groove, opening) 152 in the hull 124 to be stowed. The recess 152 can be sized and shaped to receive the forward foil 140. The retraction of the forward foil 140 into the hull 124 can enable the water-sports boat 100 to be maneuvered without or substantially without the forward foil 140 creating a lifting or downward force. In some embodiments, the retraction of the forward foil 140 into the hull 124 can enable the water-sports boat 100 to be safely loaded onto a trailer. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140, in the stowed position, has a bottom surface that is flush or coplanar with a surrounding surface of the hull 124, extends out of the recess 152, or is within the recess 152. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 is retracted to be proximate the hull 124 when in the stowed position.
The port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 can be retracted to be proximate the hull 124 to be stowed. In some embodiments, the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 can be retracted into a recess in the hull 124 that is similar to the recess 152. In some embodiments, the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 are fixedly deployed. In some embodiments, the port aft foil 142 and starboard aft foil 144 are positioned sufficiently aft to be in a deployed when loaded onto a trailer.
The foils referenced herein can at least be straight, polyhedral, dihedral, anhedral, or gull wing. The foils can be inverted or not inverted. The foils can be surface-piercing hydrofoils or fully submerged hydrofoils. The foils can be a ladder foil, river hydrofoil double, river hydrofoil single, E foil, V foil, T foil, Y foil, L foil, U foil, O foil, C foil, J foil, S foil, Z foil, or other suitable foil. The foils can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. The foils can be straight, swept, forward swept, and/or include other configurations. The foils can be low, moderate, and/or high aspect ratio. The chords of the foils can be constant, tapered, reverse tapered, compound tapered, and/or other configurations. The foils can include a tapered chord length in the center-to-starboard direction and/or center-to-port direction. The foils can be elliptical or semi-elliptical. The foils can be in a delta configuration. The foils can include winglets, which can help to eliminate vortices. The foils can be positioned at any position between the bow and stern of a boat.
The foil(s) of the foil displacement system 138 can be arranged in a variety of configurations and/or include one, two, three, four, five, or six or more foil(s). The foil displacement systems 138 described above are in a split canard arrangement with two aft foils 142, 144 and one forward foil 140. In some embodiments, a split canard arrangement is desirable for its stabilizing capability for both pitch and heave motions. A split canard arrangement can also allow for transverse adjustment of downforce—e.g., a port or starboard side aft foil can create a larger downward force on one of the port or starboard sides, which can facilitate creating a suitable wake surfing wave. The split canard arrangement can also enable the foil displacement system 138 to be conveniently packaged. For example, the aft foils 142, 144 and the associated spars 148, 150 can be retracted and have sufficient storage inside the envelope of the available deck height near the stern. The forward foil 140 and associated spar 146 can be retracted and have sufficient storage inside the envelope of the available deck height due to the alignment of the forward foil 140 relative to the longitudinal axis 122, which positions the spar 146 away from the steeper surfaces of the hull 124 in the starboard side 110 and port side 112 directions. The forward foil 140 forward of and positioned between the two aft foils 142, 144, which can reduce the risk that fluid flowing around the forward foil 140 will negatively impact the performance of the aft foils 142, 144. Having two aft foils 142, 144 can advantageously provide greater control over the stern 108, which can be beneficial when creating wakes of difference configurations.
The positioning of the forward foil 140 and the aft foils 142, 144 can be varied while still being in a suitable canard arrangement. The canard arrangement, as shown in
In some embodiments, the centers of the aft foils 142, 144 and/or aft spars 148, 150 can be positioned between about 20%-40% of the length of the water-sports boat 100 away from the longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) 151 (illustrated in
In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 and/or spar 146 can be positioned between about 15-20% of the length of the water-sports boat 100 away from the LCG 151 and/or center of gravity (COG) in the forward direction. In some embodiments, the forward foil 140 and/or spar 146 can be positioned between about 15%-20% of the length of the water-sports boat 100 along the longitudinal axis 112 away from the LCG 151 and/or COG in the forward direction. In some embodiments, the centers of the forward foil 140 and/or spar 146 can be positioned less than 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 or more inches away from the LCG 151 and/or COG in the aft direction. In some embodiments, the aft foils 142, 144 may be a non-split arrangement using a single aft foil, as illustrated in
Other arrangements are also shown in
The foils of the foil displacement system 138 can be arranged in a split tandem arrangement. The split tandem arrangement can have two forward foils and two aft foils. The positioning of the foils can be varied while still being in a suitable tandem arrangement by maintaining a tandem ratio. The tandem ratio is maintained when the longitudinal distance X between the bow 116 and the center of gravity of the water-sports boat 100 over the longitudinal distance L between the stern 108 and the bow 116 is between 0.35 and 0.65. In some embodiments, the aft and forward foils may be in a non-split arrangement using a single aft foil and single forward foil, as illustrated in
The foil displacement system 138 can include angle of attack (rotation, pivot, canting) actuators 166 (e.g., an electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, and/or other suitable actuator). The angle of attack actuator(s) 166 can alter the angles of attack of the foils of the foil displacement system, as described in more detail below. In some embodiments, the angle of attack actuator(s) can maneuver the foils between discrete positions or angles of attack and/or along a continuum of positions. In some embodiments, each of the forward foil 140, port aft foil 142, and/or the starboard aft foil 144 can be actuated by a separate angle of attack actuator 166. In some embodiments, the vertical actuator 164 will stow and/or actuate a foil of the foil displacement system 138 if the foil and/or spar is in a neutral configuration. The angle of attack of the foils of the displacement system 138 can govern whether the foil is creating a lifting or downward force. The angle of attack of the foils of the displacement system 138 can govern or contribute to the magnitude of the lifting or downward force generated. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system 138 can be turned off and/or locked out to prevent use. In some embodiments, mechanical stops can prevent overtravel when actuating the foil(s) to create lifting forces or downward forces. In some embodiments, an actuator can facilitate vertical actuation and angle of attack actuation.
The forward foil 140 can be actuated by the angle of attack (rotation, pivot) actuator 166. The angle of attack actuator 166 can alter the angle of attack of the forward foil 140. In some embodiments, as described in reference to
The spar 146 can rotate to one or more discrete pivot angles α and/or along a continuum of suitable pivot angles α and/or orient the port aft foil 142 within a suitable range of angles of attack θ. The suitable range of pivot angles α and/or angles of attack θ can be a function of the stall characteristics of the port aft foil 142. For example, the suitable range of pivot angles α and/or range of angles of attack θ can avoid positions in which the foil will or is likely to stall. In some embodiments, the spar 146 can rotate more aft than forward because the port aft foil 142 can withstand more negative (down) angle and/or downward force than positive (upward) angle and/or lift before stalling.
In some embodiments, the maximum positive pivot angle α is positive 15 degrees. In some embodiments, the maximum negative pivot angle α is negative 15 degrees. In some embodiments, the maximum positive pivot angle α is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 or more degrees or any angle between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the maximum negative pivot angle α is 0 or negative 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25 or more degrees or any angle between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the range of angles of attack θ for the forward foil 140 is −25 to 5 degrees. In some embodiments, the maximum negative angle of attack θ for the forward foil 140 is less than −15, −20, −25, −30, or −35 or more degrees or any angle of attack θ between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the maximum positive angle of attack θ for the forward foil 140 is less than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more degrees or any angle of attack θ between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the range of angles of attack θ for the aft foils 142, 144 foils is −20 to 10 degrees. In some embodiments, the maximum negative angle of attack θ for the aft foils 142, 144 is less than negative 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 or more degrees or any angle of attack θ between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the maximum positive angle of attack θ for the aft foils 142, 144 is less than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 or more degrees or any angle of attack θ between the foregoing values.
The actuation and movement described in
In some embodiments, a foil and/or spar can be mounted to the hull side or top of the gunwale. To deploy the spar and/or foil, the operator can release a pin or latch to lower the foil and/or spar into water. The pin or latch can be used as a shear point or breakaway point of an object strikes the spar and/or foil. The angle of attack can be controlled by a hull side or gunwale mounted pivot, which can incorporate a pulley, rope, and/or cable system.
In some embodiments, a foil and/or spar can be mounted to the hull side or top of the gunwale. The foil and/or spar can have an axis of rotation that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boat. The foil and/or spar can be rotated down into water by rotating about the axis of rotation. The angle of attack can be controlled by a hull side or gunwale mounted pivot that is coupled to the foil and/or spar, which can incorporate a pulley, rope, and/or cable system.
In some embodiments, a foil and/or spar can be mounted via a plate or bracket onto the transom. The operator can deploy the foil and/or spar by releasing a latch or pin to allow the foil and/or spar to rotate into place. The pin or latch can be used as a shear point or breakaway point if an object strikes the foil and/or spar while underway. The angle of attack of the foil can be controlled by the hull side or gunwale mounted pivot, which can incorporate a pulley/rope/cable.
In some embodiments, a foil and/or spar can be mounted onto the port side 112 or starboard side 110 of the waters-ports boat. In some embodiments, a foil and/or spar can be attached to the gunwale(s) of a boat, which can include being positioned in a gap of the gunwale and pivoted with respect to the gunwale. In some embodiments, the foils disclosed herein can have an aileron that can be actuated to provide different lift or downward forces. In some embodiments, the aileron is on the aft edge of the foil. In some embodiments, the aileron can be actuated with a screw or other mechanism. In some embodiments, a foil and/or spar can be mounted onto the transom and manually slid within a slot of a bracket, or otherwise maneuvered, to change the depth of the foil. In some embodiments, a foil and/or spar can be mounted on the transom using existing swim board bracket landings and a mechanism that can allow the foil to manually drop into the water (such as with a release pin or latch) or automated with an actuator or screw.
The foil displacement system 138 can include a spar support(s) (guide) 182 that restrains or impedes transverse movement (movement in the starboard 110 or port 112 directions) of the spar 148. The spar supports 182 can be positioned on opposing sides (e.g., starboard side 110 and port side 112) of the opening 198 of the mounting plate 180. The spar supports 182 can have a surface that faces and is configured to engage the spar 148 to prevent transverse movement of the spar 148. The spar support(s) can be positioned on an upper surface of the mounting plate 180.
The spar 148 can have a plurality of vertical (height, depth) adjustment holes 192 that can enable the spar 148 to be selectively positioned at varying heights (elevations), as shown in
In some embodiments, the fastener 196 and/or another component of the foil displacement system 138 can be a shear point. In some embodiments, the fastener 196 will shear if the foil or spar 148 is impacted with sufficient force (e.g., hits ground, an object, etc.) to prevent or reduce damage to the foil, spar 148, hull 124, and/or other feature of the water-sports boat 100. Other embodiments described elsewhere herein can incorporate shear points, which can be on a foil, spar, and/or another feature. In some embodiments a resettable breakaway prior to shear failure can be incorporated. In some embodiments, the spar or foil can pivot (rotate) to a resettable breakaway shear point upon impacting an object with a high force, which can be reset, such that the spar or foil do not need to be replaced. The various features of the foil displacement system 138 (e.g., the mounting plate 180, pivot mount 196, spar support 182, coupler 184, shaft 186, actuator 166, actuator mount 190, and/or other features) can be housed within the envelope 178 of the available deck height, as illustrated in
The foil displacement system 138 can include a pivot actuator (canting system, canting actuator, angle of attack actuator) 166 that can pivot the spar 146 to change the angle of attack of the foil 140. The pivot actuator 166 can include a first actuator 208 and/or second actuator 210 that can pivot the spar 146 in the forward and aft directions to orient the foil at different angles of attack to create different lifting or downward forces. For example, as shown in
The control system 300 can be integrated into the water-sports boat 100, for example, fully integrated with a CAN bus of the water-sports boat 100. In some embodiments, the control system 300 or a portion thereof can be an aftermarket solution which may be installed on and/or otherwise connected with the water-sports boat 100, which can include connecting into the CAN bus or operating independently of the CAN bus. The control system 300, in some embodiments, can control the foil displacement system 138 and/or other systems and features of the water-sports boat 100, such as those illustrated in
The user interface 302 can provide (e.g., display) information to an operator and/or receive input from the operator. The user interface 302 and/or portions thereof can be integrated into the water-sports boat 100, such as built into a console proximate an operator's seat. The user interface 302 and/or portions thereof can be an application on a portable device, such as an operator's phone. The user interface 302 can include display(s) 304 and/or gauge(s) 306. In some embodiments, the display(s) 304 can be the operator's phone. The display(s) 304 can show status/configuration information regarding the water-sports boat 100 and/or the systems thereof. For example, the display(s) 304 can illustrate the status of the foils of the foil displacement system 138, such as whether the foils are stowed, deployed, in an intermediate positon, creating lift, the quantity of lift force generated, creating a downward force, the quantity of lift force generated, and/or information. The display(s) 304 can illustrate the status of the ballast tank system 132, wedge 130, wave shaper(s) 128, engine 320, etc.
In some embodiments, the display(s) 304 can show a view from camera(s) 322. The camera(s) 322 can show a view of the sternward 108, which can advantageously enable an operator of the water-sports boat 100 to monitor the status of a rider surfing, wakeboarding, etc. without turning to look sternward. In some embodiments, the display(s) 304 can display an alert if the foil displacement system 138 is not functioning, unable to perform as requested, etc. The gauge(s) 306 can display information such as fuel level, battery level, forces generated by the foils of the foil displacement system 138, the fill level of the tank(s) of the ballast tank system 132, etc.
The user interface 302 can receive operator input 308. The user interface 302 can receive operator input 308 to control the foil displacement system 138 and/or other systems, features, etc. of the water-sport boat 100, such as the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, and wake shaper(s) 128. In some embodiments, the display(s) 304 are touch screen(s) that can receive operator input. In some embodiments, operator input 308 is received via a switch, button, and/or the like. In some embodiments, operator input 308 can be received via a remote device 310, such as through an app on an operator's phone or other portable device. In some embodiments, operator input 308 can be received via a wearable device 312, such as a wrist band or key fob or the like. In some embodiments, a rider can wear the wearable device 312 and control the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, foil displacement system 138, and/or wave shaper(s) 128 while surfing, wakeboarding, etc. to change wave characteristics as desired. In some embodiments, the operator input 308 includes a go-home switch (button) that, when manipulated, can automatically stow wedge 130, empty the tanks of the ballast tank system 132, stow foils of the foil displacement system 138, stow wave shaper(s) 128, and/or perform other automated tasks to prepare the water-sports boat 100 for docking, loading onto a trailer, etc.
The memory system 332 can generally include RAM, ROM and/or other persistent auxiliary or non-transitory computer-readable media. The memory system 332 can store an operating system that provides computer program instructions for the controller 301 in the general administration and operation of the foil displacement system 138 and/or other systems, features, etc., which can at least include the methods described herein. The memory system 332 can store watercraft configuration information 334, which can include static parameters 336 such as hull shape, hull length, weight, etc., and/or dynamic parameters 338 such as passenger weight, ballast tank system 132 status, wedge 130 status, speed, water depth, fuel, wind conditions, engine 322 status, wake shaper(s) 334 status, etc. The memory system 332 can store rider information 340, such as favorite configurations of the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, foil displacement system 138, wave shaper(s) 128, speed of the water-sports boat, etc. This can enable the rider to conveniently store and reselect favorite configurations without reselecting the desired configuration for each of the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, foil displacement system 138, wave shaper(s) 128, speed of the water-sports boat, etc. The memory system 332 can include wave/wake shape instructions 342 to control the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, foil displacement system 138, wave shaper(s) 128, speed of the water-sports boat 100, etc. to create a suitable wake shape for water skiing, wake boarding, surfing, pulling inflatables, minimizing a wake, reducing fuel use, improving the speed of the water-sports boat, improving riding comfort, etc. The memory system 332 can include wave/wake shape instructions 342 to control the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, foil displacement system 138, wave shaper(s) 128, speed of the water-sports boat 100, etc. to create wakes of varying sizes, such as large, medium, and/or small wakes, and/or to position a surfing wave in the port, starboard, and/or center position. In some embodiments, the memory system 332 includes a timer 344 to determine whether the foil displacement system 138 and/or other system is performing correctly, as described elsewhere herein. The memory system 332 can include operation instructions for performing all the methods and actions described herein.
The flow management system 346 can include the wake shaper(s) 128. The flow management system 346 can include internal flow control 348, which can monitor the flow of water into the tanks of the ballast tank system 132.
The other systems 318 can include the engine 320, camera(s) 322, light(s) 324, speaker(s) 326, sensor(s) 328, and/or GPS 330. The camera(s) 322 can capture varying views of the water-sports boats 100 and surroundings. For example, the camera(s) 322 can capture a sternward view that can show a rider. In some embodiments, the camera(s) 322 can be used to detect when a rider has fallen into the water such that the control system 300 can alert the operator via the display(s) 304, light(s) 324, and/or speaker(s) 326. In some embodiments, the camera(s) 322 can provide the control system 300 with the current position of the rider such that the control system 300 can adjust the configuration of the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, foil displacement system 138, and/or wake shaper(s) 128 to create a suitable wake based on the rider position. For example, the control system 300 can, in some embodiments, switch the surfing wake from the starboard side to the port side upon detecting that the rider has switched from the starboard portion 106 to the port portion 104 of the wake 105. The light(s) 324, speaker(s) 326, and/or display(s) 304 can provide alerts to the operator.
The sensor(s) 328 can include orientation sensor(s) that detect the pitch, roll, and/or yaw orientations of the water-sports boat 100. In some embodiment, an orientation sensor is positioned aft of the transverse axis 120 and another is positioned forward of the transverse axis 120 to detect pitch. In some embodiments, an orientation sensor is positioned on the starboard side 110 and another is positioned on the port side 112 to detect roll. In some embodiments, the foregoing configuration(s) of the orientation sensor(s) can also detect yaw. In some embodiments, an orientation sensor(s) can detect heave of the water-sports boat 100. In some embodiments, the sensor(s) 328 can include depth sensor(s) that can detect the depth of the water in which the water-sports boat 100 is positioned. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system 138 will not deploy foils if the water depth is not at or above a predetermined depth. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system 138 will automatically stow foils if the water depth is not at or above a predetermined depth The sensor(s) 328 can include speed sensor(s) that can determine the travel speed of the water-sports boat 100. In some embodiments, the speed of the water-sports boat 100 can restrict deployment of the foils of the foil displacement system 138 and/or certain angles of attack of the foils of the foil displacement system 138.
The GPS 330 can detect the location and/or speed of the water-sports boat 100. In some embodiments, the control system 300 can determine that the water-sports boat 100 is in an area with restrictions and control the various systems accordingly. For example, the control system 300 can determine, via the GPS 330, that the water-sports boat 100 is in a wake restriction area and control the size of the generated wake accordingly and/or alert the operator. In some embodiments, the water-sports boat 100 via GPS can determine that the water-sports boat 100 is in an area that prohibits the use of ballast tanks and alert the operator and/or prohibit use of the ballast tank system 132.
The foil displacement system 138 can include vertical actuator(s) 164 that can vertically retract and/or extend the spar(s) 146, 148, and/or 150 to deploy and/or stow the forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144, respectively. The foil displacement system 138 can include angle of attack actuator(s) 166 that can alter the angle of attack of the forward foil(s) 140, starboard aft foil(s) 144, and/or port aft foil(s) 142. In some embodiments, the angle of attack actuator(s) 166 can pivot the spar(s) 146, 148, and/or 150 to change the angle of attack of the forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144, respectively. In some embodiments, the angle of attack actuator(s) 166 can rotate the forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 relative to the spar(s) 146, 148, and/or 150, respectively, to change the angle of attack of the forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144. The vertical actuator(s) 164 and/or angle of attack actuator(s) 166 can be hydraulic, electric, pneumatic, and/or other suitable configurations. In some embodiments, the spar(s) 146, 148, 150 and/or forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 can be manually actuated.
In some embodiments, the foil displacement system 138 can include feedback sensor(s) 352 that can determine the amount of resistance exerted on the vertical actuator(s) 166 and/or angle of attack actuator(s) 164 such that the control system 300 can stop actuation of the vertical actuator(s) 166 and/or angle of attack actuator(s) 164 if the detected resistance exceeds a predetermined amount. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system 138 can include a position sensor(s) 354 that can determine the position of the spar(s) 146, 148, 150 and the angle of attack of the forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144. In some embodiments, the position sensor(s) 354 can determine if the spar(s) 146, 148, 150, forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 are at an expected position based on the elapsed time counted by the timer 344. If the spar(s) 146, 148, 150, forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 are not at an expected position and/or within a range of expected positions, the control system 300 can initiate operations, such as stopping actuation of and/or stowing the spar(s) 146, 148, 150, forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 and/or alerting the operator via the light(s) 324, speaker(s) 326, and/or display(s) 304. The expected positions of the spar(s) 146, 148, 150, forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 can be saved in the memory system 332.
The foil displacement system 138 can include release mechanism(s) 356 that can enable the spar(s) 146, 148, 150 and/or forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 to be manually actuated despite being automatically actuated during normal use. In some embodiments, spar(s) 146, 148, 150 and/or forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 may not move or may not conveniently move unless the release mechanism(s) 356 is actuated, which can impede unwanted movement. In some embodiments, the release mechanism(s) 356 can be release valve(s) for a hydraulic actuator. In some embodiments, the foil displacement system 138 includes shear point(s) 358 that enable the spar(s) 146, 148, 150 and/or forward foil(s) 140, port aft foil(s) 142, and/or starboard aft foil(s) 144 to break away upon sufficient impact, such as impacting the ground. The shear point(s) can protect the hull 124 and/or water-sports boat 100 from more serious damage.
The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can activate one or more actuators operatively connected to one or more foil assemblies to move one or more foils to adjust a corresponding angle of attack of the one or more foils. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can generate, receive, and/or send an increase wake size signal that can activate the one or more actuators to adjust the angle of attach of the one or more foils to increase downward force. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can generate, receive, and/or send a signal to activate the one or more actuators to move the one or more foils farther away from the stowed position. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can generate, receive, and/or send an adjust lift signal to activate one or more actuators to adjust an angle of attack of one or more foils to change a downward force to adjust lift of the hull 124. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can generate, receive, and/or send a wake size control signal to activate one or more actuators to adjust an angle of attack of one or more foils to adjust a wake size within predetermined restrictions. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can receive a signal from the operator, such as the driver, using a driver input device to activate the one or more actuators to adjust an angle of attack of the one or more foils. In some embodiments, the display(s) 304 can display indicia indicating current or available positions of one or more foils. In some embodiments, the display indicia can represent a lift of the hull, pitch of the hull, and/or an amount of ballast or displacement of the hull 124. In some embodiments, the controller 301 or control system 300 can receive a signal from the mobile phone of an operator and/or passenger to activate the one or more actuators to adjust an angle of attack of the one or more foils. In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can receive a signal from a wakeboarder or a wake surfer using a wireless wristband or wireless fob and activate the one or more actuator to adjust an angle of attack of the one or more foils. In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can send a signal to the one or more actuators from the controller 301 and/or control system 300 executing a preset activity run. In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can send a signal to the one or more actuators from the controller 301 and/or control system 300 executing a preset active setting.
The control module 402 can be in communication with various features of the boat control and input 410. A communication line can communicatively connect the control module 402 with the GPS 330 and ECU 414, which is in communication with a paddlewheel speed sensor 412. The paddlewheel speed sensor 412 can detect the speed of travel of the water-sports boat 100, which can include detecting water movement to determine the speed of the water-sports boat 100. The GPS 330 can detect the speed and/or location of the water-sports boat 100.
A control module 402 can be in communication with a power distribution module (PDM)/microcontroller 416, PDM/microcontroller 42, and/or PDM/microcontroller 422. The CAN bus of the water-sports boat 100 can provide the communications lines between the control module 402 and the PDM/microcontroller 416, PDM/microcontroller 42, and/or PDM/microcontroller 422. The PDM/microcontroller 422 can be in communication with a tilt sensor 424, which can at least detect the pitch, roll, and/or yaw of the water-sports boat 100. The PDM/microcontroller 422 can be in communication with steering controls 426, which can include the steering controls of the operator. The steering controls of the operator can be used to manipulate different systems described herein. For example, the wake shaper(s) 128, foil displacement system 138, and/or wedge 130 may assume a different configuration based upon receiving input that the operator is turning the water-sports boat 100. In some embodiments, this can provide improved performance during boating maneuvers.
The PDM/microcontroller 420 can be in communication with several features of the displacement units 428. A separate dedicated communication line (e.g., separate wire) can run from the PDM/microcontroller 420 to a bow ballast 430, midship ballast 432, port ballast 434, and starboard ballast 436 (e.g., four separate communication lines). A separate dedicated power supply line can run from the PDM/microcontroller 420 to the bow ballast 430, midship ballast 432, port ballast 434, and starboard ballast 436 (e.g., four separate power supply lines). The bow ballast 430, midship ballast 432, port ballast 434, and starboard ballast 436 can be independently controlled to be filled, emptied, etc.
The PDM/microcontroller 416 can be in communication with several displacement units 428. Communication lines from the CAN bus of the water-sports boat 100 can connect the PDM/microcontroller 416 to one of a plurality of relay modules 438 (e.g., three) that distribute power to the displacement units 428. The relay modules 438 can be connected to a battery (e.g., 12 V battery) to supply power. A separate power supply line can run from one of the plurality of relay modules 438 to the port wake shaper 128, starboard wake shaper 128, wedge 130, first drive mechanism 438, second drive mechanism 440, third drive mechanism 442, and/or another drive mechanism 444 (e.g., seven separate power supply lines).
A separate dedicated communication line (e.g., separate wire) can connect the PDM/microcontroller 416 to the port wake shaper 128, starboard wake shaper 128, wedge 130, first drive mechanism 438, second drive mechanism 440, third drive mechanism 442, and/or another drive mechanism 444 (e.g., seven separate returning communication lines). The port wake shaper 128, starboard wake shaper 128, wedge 130, first drive mechanism 438, second drive mechanism 440, third drive mechanism 442, and/or another drive mechanism 444 can be independently controlled. The first drive mechanism 438, second drive mechanism 440, third drive mechanism 442, and/or another drive mechanism 444 can be assemblies of foil(s), spar(s), vertical actuator(s), and/or angle of attack actuator(s) that can be deployed and/or actuated to provide a downward or lifting force.
Turning to
The driver user interface 500 can include a variable display area 508. The variable display area 508 can be positioned between the speedometer 506 and a ballast/flow indicators area 510. In some embodiments, the ballast/flow indicators area 510 and speedometer 506 remain consistently displayed in the driver user interface 500, while the variable display area 508 changes. The variable display area 508 can display varying pages with different information and/or input options. The operator can change the page displayed in the variable display area 508 by selecting the ballast page 512, preset page 514, depth page 516, media page 518, and/or gauges page 520.
The variable display area 508 can show an illustration of the water-sports boat 100 and provide inputs to manipulate the ballast tank system 132 and/or foil displacement system 138, as illustrated in
A forward ballast input 528, port aft ballast input 530, and/or starboard aft ballast 532 input 532 can enable the operator to individually command the forward, port aft, and/or starboard aft ballast tanks 134 to fill or empty. The forward ballast input 528 can be positioned proximate the bow 116, the port aft ballast input 530 can be positioned proximate the stern and port side, and/or the starboard aft ballast 532 can be positioned proximate the stern and starboard side on the illustrated water-sports boat 100 to indicate the general position of the forward, port aft, and/or starboard aft ballast tanks 134. The forward ballast input 528, port aft ballast input 530, and/or starboard aft ballast 532 can respectively display the configuration of the forward, port aft, and/or starboard aft ballast tanks 134 (fill level, weight, etc.).
A foil displacement mode input 534 can enable the operator to select different configurations for the foil displacement system 138. For example, the foil displacement mode input 534 can include one or more lift options that, upon selection, configure the foil(s) of the foil displacement system 138 to generate lifting forces. The foil displacement mode input 534 can include one or more downward force options, such as Mode 1 and Mode 2 (Mode 2 generating a greater downward force than Mode 1), that upon selection, configure the foil(s) of the foil displacement system 138 to generate downward forces. The foil displacement mode input 534 can include a stow or deploy option.
The driver user interface 500 can display a foil displacement configuration graphic 536. The foil displacement configuration graphic 536 can indicate the configuration (stowed/deployed, generated downward force, and/or generated lift force) of the forward foil 140, starboard aft foil 144, and/or port aft foil 142. The foil displacement configuration graphic 536 can display numerical values and/or graphical indicators.
A wake shaper input 538 can enable the operator to select between at least three options: surf left, center, and/or surf right. The surf left and surf right options, upon selection, can actuate the port and/or starboard wave shaper(s) 128 to form a suitable wake surfing wave on the port-side portion 104 or starboard-side portion 106 of the wake 105. In some embodiments, the port and/or starboard wave shaper(s) 128 actuate between stowed/deployed positions. In some embodiments, the port and/or starboard wave shaper(s) 128 can be positioned in one of a continuum of positions between stowed and deployed. The center option can position the port and/or starboard wave shaper(s) 128 in a neutral position and/or stowed position to not shape the wake 105. The wake shaper input 538 can display an indication of the configuration of the wake shaper(s).
A wedge input 538 can enable the operator to select different configurations for the wedge 130, which can include one or more lift configurations, one or more downward force configurations, and/or a stowed configuration. The wedge input 538 can display an indication of the configuration of the wedge 130.
The user interface 550 can display one or more wave size options 554, which can at least include small, medium, and large. In some embodiments, a wave size along a continuum of wave sizes can be selected. Upon selection of a wave size 554, the control system 300 can automatically actuate the spar(s) and/or foil(s) of the foil displacement system 138 to reflect the selected size. For example, if surfing, the operator can select surf mode 552 and large wave size 554, surf mode 552 and medium wave size 554, or surf mode 552 and small wave size 554 depending on preference. Each size selection can correspond to a different configuration of the foil displacement system 138. For example, the large wave size can correspond to the foils being configured to generate the larges downward force compared to the medium wave size or small wave size. In some embodiments, the control system 300 can manipulate the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, wake shaper(s) 128, engine 320, and/or other system in response to a wave size selection.
The user interface 550 can display one or more position options 556, which can at least include port wave (left), starboard wave (right), and/or center. Upon selection of a position 556, the control system 300 can automatically actuate the spar(s) and/or foil(s) of the foil displacement system 138 to reflect chosen position. For example, if port wave (left) is selected, the control system 300 may actuate the port aft foil 142 to generate more downward force. In some embodiments, the control system 300 may open the wake shaper 128 to configure the port-side portion 104 of the wake 105 for surfing. In some embodiments, the control system 300 can manipulate the wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, wake shaper(s) 128, engine 320, and/or other system in response to a wave size selection.
The user interface 550 can display one or more rider profiles 558. A rider, upon finding a preferred configuration of the foil displacement system 138, wedge 130, ballast tank system 132, wake shaper(s) 128, engine 320, and/or other system can save the preferred configuration as rider information 340 in the memory 332 under the rider's profile 558. This can enable a rider to quickly save and recreate preferred configurations. For example, in some embodiments, the rider can select the rider's profile and a preferred configuration therein and the control system 300 can automatically recreate the preferred configuration.
At block 1008, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can determine if the foil(s) and/or spar(s) of the foil displacement system 138 are at an expected position based on the determined elapsed time. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can compare the position sensed by the position sensor(s) 354 against the expected position based on the elapsed time counted by the timer 344. The expected position can be saved in the memory system 332. If the sensed position and the expected position are not the same and/or the sensed position deviates beyond a predetermined range of expected positions, the process can proceed to block 1010 and stop actuation of the foil(s) and/or spar(s). In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can alert the operator via the light(s) 324, speaker(s) 326, and/or display(s) 304 of the failed actuation. The process can optionally proceed to block 1011 and stow the foil(s) and/or spar(s). If the sensed position and the expected position are the same and/or the sensed position is within a predetermined range of expected positions, the process can proceed to block 1012 and determine if the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are at the final position. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can determine if the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are at the final position via the position sensor(s) 354, which can include comparing the sensed position with an expected final positon saved in the memory system 332. If the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are not at the final position, the process can return to block 1008. If the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are at the final position, the process can proceed to block 1014 and stop actuation of the foil(s) and/or spar(s). In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can begin actuation, such as deployment, and monitor elapsed time via the timer 334 and, upon the elapsed time reaching a threshold, cease actuation, such as deployment. In some embodiments, the controller 301 or control system 300 can receive a deploy signal from the operator, such as the driver, via the user interface 302 to begin deployment of the foil assembly.
At block 1108, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can determine if the foil(s) and/or spar(s) of the foil displacement system 138 are at an expected position based on the determined elapsed time. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can compare the position sensed by the position sensor(s) 354 against the expected position based on the elapsed time counted by the timer 344. The expected position can be saved in the memory system 332. If the sensed position and the expected position are not the same and/or the sensed position deviates beyond a predetermined range of expected positions, the process can proceed to block 1010 and stop stowage of the foil(s) and/or spar(s). In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can alert the operator via the light(s) 324, speaker(s) 326, and/or display(s) 304 of the failed stowage. The process can optionally proceed to block 1111 and automatically stop the water-sports boat 100. If the sensed position and the expected position are the same and/or the sensed position is within a predetermined range of expected positions, the process can proceed to block 1112 and determine if the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are at the stowed position. The controller 301 and/or control system 300 can determine if the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are at the stowed position via the position sensor(s) 354, which can include comparing the sensed position with the stowed positon saved in the memory system 332. If the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are not at the stowed position, the process can proceed to block 1108. If the foil(s) and/or spar(s) are at the stowed position, the process can proceed to block 1014 and stop stowage of the foil(s) and/or spar(s). In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can alert the operator via the light(s) 324, speaker(s) 326, and/or display(s) 304 of the successful stowage. In some embodiments, the controller 301 and/or control system 300 can stowage and monitor elapsed time via the timer 334 and, upon the elapsed time reaching a threshold cease stowage. In some embodiments, the controller 301 or control system 300 can receive a deploy signal from the operator, such as the driver, via the user interface 302 to begin deployment of the foil assembly.
The foils and spars described herein can be manufactured with a variety of techniques. In some embodiments, a spar and foil can be separate members that are bolted together, chemically bonded, welded, and/or otherwise connected. In some embodiments, the spar and foil can be made as a single piece. In some embodiments, the foil and/or spar can be made of fiber glass with or without a core and chemically bonded together. In some embodiments, the foil and/or spare can be made of carbon fiber and/or fiber glass with or without a core and chemically bonded or connected via threaded inserts that are bolted together. In some embodiments, a carbon fiber sheet core can be used, as shown in
Although this disclosure has been described in the context of certain embodiments and examples, a person of ordinary skill in the art would recognize, after reviewing the disclosure herein, that any embodiment disclosed can be combined with other embodiments, portions/aspects of other embodiments, and/or technologies known in the art to accomplished the desired advantages discussed herein. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, after reviewing the disclosure herein, that the disclosure extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. In addition, while several variations of the embodiments of the disclosure have been shown and described in detail, other modifications, which are within the scope of this disclosure, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art after reviewing the disclosure herein. It is also contemplated that various combinations or sub-combinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the disclosure. For example, features described above in connection with one embodiment can be used with a different embodiment described herein and the combination still fall within the scope of the disclosure. It should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with, or substituted for, one another in order to form varying modes of the embodiments of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the disclosure herein should not be limited by the particular embodiments described above. Accordingly, unless otherwise stated, or unless clearly incompatible, each embodiment of this invention may comprise, additional to its essential features described herein, one or more features as described herein from each other embodiment of the invention disclosed herein.
Wakes for wakeboarding and wake surfing can have different characteristics. A wake extends behind a water-sports boat as the water-sports boat travels forward through water. For wakeboarding, a symmetrical wake is desirable-meaning that a starboard side of the wake and a port side of the wake are generally symmetrical, which can form a V like shape behind the water-sports boat. The starboard side of the wake can have a front face and a back face. The port side of the wake can have a front face and a back face. The back faces of each of the starboard side and port side of the wake generally face each other while the front faces of each of the starboard side and port side of the wake generally face away from each other. The front faces of each of the starboard side and port side of the wake can be used by a wake boarder to leap into the air, like a ramp, which can include leaping from the front face of the starboard side to the front face of the port side. The front faces can be linear to exponential in shape with an exponential shape providing additional pop as the wakeboarder launches off the front face into the air.
For wake surfing, an asymmetrical wake is desirable-meaning that the starboard side of the wake and the port side of the wake are not symmetrical. One of the starboard side of the wake or the port side of the wake has a front face that is smooth, called a wave, for surfing while the other front face of the other side is turbulent. The wave (e.g., the smooth front face) can have a linear to exponential shape. An exponential shape can be generally preferred as it propels the wake surfer with suitable speed.
Features, materials, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described in this section or elsewhere in this specification unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. The protection is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The protection extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
Furthermore, certain features that are described in this disclosure in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the combination may be claimed as a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
Moreover, while operations may be depicted in the drawings or described in the specification in a particular order, such operations need not be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Other operations that are not depicted or described can be incorporated in the example methods and processes. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the described operations. Further, the operations may be rearranged or reordered in other implementations. Those skilled in the art will appreciate after reviewing the disclosure herein that in some embodiments, the actual steps taken in the processes illustrated and/or disclosed may differ from those shown in the figures. Depending on the embodiment, certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may be added. Furthermore, the features and attributes of the specific embodiments disclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additional embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Also, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single product or packaged into multiple products.
For purposes of this disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features are described herein. Not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize, after reviewing the disclosure herein, that the disclosure may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves one advantage or a group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without other input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. The term “and/or” has similar meaning in that when used, for example, in a list of elements, the term “and/or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list, but does not require any individual embodiment to have all elements.
Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require the presence of at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z.
Language of degree used herein, such as the terms “approximately,” “about,” “generally,” and “substantially” as used herein represent a value, amount, or characteristic close to the stated value, amount, or characteristic that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”, “generally,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of the stated amount. As another example, in certain embodiments, the terms “generally parallel” and “substantially parallel” refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that departs from exactly parallel by less than or equal to 15 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees, 3 degrees, 1 degree, 0.1 degree, or otherwise.
Values and ranges of values disclosed herein are examples and should not be construed as limiting. The values and ranges of values disclosed herein can be altered while gaining the advantages discussed herein. The listed ranges of values disclosed herein can include subsets of ranges or values which are part of this disclosure. Disclosed ranges of values or a single value for one feature can be implemented in combination with any other compatible disclosed range of values or value for another feature. For example, any specific value within a range of dimensions for one element can be paired with any specific value within a range of dimensions for another element. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize from the disclosure herein that any disclosed length of a spar may be combined with any disclosed width of a foil, each having any disclosed shape.
Any methods disclosed herein need not be performed in the order recited. The methods disclosed herein include certain actions taken by a practitioner; however, they can also include any third-party instruction of those actions, either expressly or by implication. For example, actions such as “controlling a motor speed” include “instructing controlling of a motor speed.”
All of the methods and tasks described herein may be performed and fully automated by a computer system. The computer system may, in some cases, include multiple distinct computers or computing devices (e.g., physical servers, workstations, storage arrays, cloud computing resources, etc.) that communicate and interoperate over a network to perform the described functions. Each such computing device typically includes a processor (or multiple processors) that executes program instructions or modules stored in a memory or other non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or device (e.g., solid state storage devices, disk drives, etc.). The various functions disclosed herein may be embodied in such program instructions, and/or may be implemented in application-specific circuitry (e.g., ASICs or FPGAs) of the computer system. Where the computer system includes multiple computing devices, these devices may, but need not, be co-located. The results of the disclosed methods and tasks may be persistently stored by transforming physical storage devices, such as solid state memory chips and/or magnetic disks, into a different state. In some embodiments, the computer system may be a cloud-based computing system whose processing resources are shared by multiple distinct business entities or other users.
The various illustrative logical blocks and modules described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented or performed by a machine, such as a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be a controller, microcontroller, or state machine, combinations of the same, or the like. A processor can include electrical circuitry or digital logic circuitry configured to process computer-executable instructions. In another embodiment, a processor includes an FPGA or other programmable device that performs logic operations without processing computer-executable instructions. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. A computing environment can include any type of computer system, including, but not limited to, a computer system based on a microprocessor, a mainframe computer, a digital signal processor, a portable computing device, a device controller, or a computational engine within an appliance, to name a few.
The steps of a method, process, or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module stored in one or more memory devices and executed by one or more processors, or in a combination of the two. A software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, media, or physical computer storage known in the art. An example storage medium can be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integral to the processor. The storage medium can be volatile or nonvolatile. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC.
The scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosures of preferred embodiments in this section or elsewhere in this specification, and may be defined by claims as presented in this section or elsewhere in this specification or as presented in the future. The language of the claims is to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to the examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive.
Additionally, all publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/053,068, filed Nov. 7, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/840,226, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,518,482, filed Apr. 3, 2020, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/830,241, filed Apr. 5, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Any and all applications, if any, for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet of the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/840,224, entitled Control System for Water Sports Boat with Foil Displacement System, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,370,508, filed Apr. 3, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 369129 | Sheldon | Aug 1887 | A |
| 667482 | Albarda | Feb 1901 | A |
| 704729 | Zerbe | Jul 1902 | A |
| 1196682 | Harriss | Aug 1916 | A |
| 1264320 | Metzler | Apr 1918 | A |
| 2081868 | Hampden | May 1937 | A |
| 2174622 | Dale | Oct 1939 | A |
| 2199333 | Dunklin | Apr 1940 | A |
| 2158949 | Sarles et al. | Jan 1950 | A |
| 2493639 | Pellegrini | Jan 1950 | A |
| 2663276 | Ouellet | Dec 1953 | A |
| 2807228 | Vandre | Sep 1957 | A |
| 2809849 | Benne | Oct 1957 | A |
| 2825582 | McDonald | Mar 1958 | A |
| 2832304 | Elyosius et al. | Apr 1958 | A |
| 2890673 | Chadwick, Jr. | Jun 1959 | A |
| 2994290 | Merchant, Sr. | Aug 1961 | A |
| 2998791 | Light | Sep 1961 | A |
| 3046928 | Sherrill | Jul 1962 | A |
| 3062167 | Bennett | Nov 1962 | A |
| 3079885 | Cooke | Mar 1963 | A |
| 3094960 | Lang | Jun 1963 | A |
| 3106178 | Cale | Oct 1963 | A |
| 3111103 | Bennett | Nov 1963 | A |
| 3159134 | Winnen | Dec 1964 | A |
| 3174166 | Ehrenberg et al. | Mar 1965 | A |
| 3195680 | Thornburg et al. | Jul 1965 | A |
| 3200782 | Walden et al. | Aug 1965 | A |
| 3247820 | White | Apr 1966 | A |
| 3259097 | Veldhuizen et al. | Jul 1966 | A |
| 3294052 | Jones | Dec 1966 | A |
| 3305045 | Schlecht | Feb 1967 | A |
| 3327671 | Comins | Jun 1967 | A |
| 3372663 | Bue | Mar 1968 | A |
| 3391667 | Bue | Jul 1968 | A |
| 3394947 | Strube | Jul 1968 | A |
| 3399643 | Bennett | Sep 1968 | A |
| 3456610 | Beals | Jul 1969 | A |
| 3456611 | Johnson | Jul 1969 | A |
| 3501190 | McCrea | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3507515 | Brammer | Apr 1970 | A |
| 3577948 | Frey | May 1971 | A |
| 3580613 | Northrop | May 1971 | A |
| 3613137 | Eccles | Oct 1971 | A |
| 3627350 | Cross | Dec 1971 | A |
| 3628484 | Banner | Dec 1971 | A |
| 3628486 | Bennett | Dec 1971 | A |
| 3628487 | Bennett | Dec 1971 | A |
| 3650310 | Childress | Mar 1972 | A |
| 3670685 | Milessa | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3695204 | Bennett | Oct 1972 | A |
| 3698343 | Boome | Oct 1972 | A |
| 3716254 | Tarvin | Feb 1973 | A |
| 3756622 | Pyle | Sep 1973 | A |
| 3760759 | Lang | Sep 1973 | A |
| 3763812 | Rowe | Oct 1973 | A |
| 3774720 | Hovey | Nov 1973 | A |
| 3799288 | Manuel | Mar 1974 | A |
| 3825097 | Owen | Jul 1974 | A |
| 3861713 | McKee | Jan 1975 | A |
| 3862456 | Fihser et al. | Jan 1975 | A |
| 3892290 | Lang | Jul 1975 | A |
| 3927903 | Jones | Dec 1975 | A |
| 3982493 | Cronin | Sep 1976 | A |
| 3986503 | Le Guillon | Oct 1976 | A |
| 4021071 | Norman | May 1977 | A |
| 4030436 | Stoberl | Jun 1977 | A |
| 4174115 | Younblood | Nov 1979 | A |
| 4178871 | Hirsch | Dec 1979 | A |
| 4191388 | Barksdale | Mar 1980 | A |
| 4193477 | Broyles | Mar 1980 | A |
| 4194754 | Hightower | Mar 1980 | A |
| 4198070 | Weiler | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4232626 | Kern | Nov 1980 | A |
| 4237808 | Doerffer | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4261278 | Gaudin | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4275664 | Reddy | Jun 1981 | A |
| 4293967 | Ord | Oct 1981 | A |
| 4391453 | Glaser | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4432436 | Suiter | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4434738 | Barkemeyer | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4442787 | Curran et al. | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4462485 | Terry et al. | Jul 1984 | A |
| 4495883 | Hoy | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4556125 | Johnson | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4577580 | Diffely, Sr. | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4597742 | Finkl | Jul 1986 | A |
| 4605098 | Leuty | Sep 1986 | A |
| 4644893 | Zepp | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4669414 | Molino | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4712503 | Ritten | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4718872 | Olson et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4722419 | Hoszowski | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4724925 | Ritten | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4726317 | Ritten et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4742795 | DePrey et al. | May 1988 | A |
| 4750753 | Dezern | Jun 1988 | A |
| 4763219 | Nakamura | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4765438 | Ritten | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4776295 | Kline et al. | Oct 1988 | A |
| 4799447 | Herbet et al. | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4819987 | Stringer | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4823910 | Day | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4846487 | Criley | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4854259 | Cluett | Aug 1989 | A |
| D304573 | Hoszowski | Nov 1989 | S |
| 4895093 | Dalsbo | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4907673 | Ginter et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4910419 | Hayashi et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4915048 | Stanford | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4926965 | Fox | May 1990 | A |
| 4930797 | Parrill | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4964358 | Sandrow | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4967682 | O'Donnell | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4993109 | Stevens | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5014640 | Owen | May 1991 | A |
| 5025747 | Grayson | Jun 1991 | A |
| 5028063 | Andrews | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5039119 | Baughman | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5041040 | Jones et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5058520 | Fahrney | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5085164 | Whitton | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5111908 | Reiter et al. | May 1992 | A |
| 5113780 | Bennett et al. | May 1992 | A |
| 5123372 | Kobayashi | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5142473 | Davis | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5152244 | Jarmillo | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5193478 | Mardikian | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5222456 | Friedrich | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5224436 | Stricker | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5235926 | Jones | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5263432 | Davis | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5294175 | Elton | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5315951 | Finkl | May 1994 | A |
| 5359956 | Lee | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5377610 | Goebel | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5385110 | Bennet et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5435260 | Granie et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5445100 | Finkl | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5458080 | Jaramillo, Sr. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5474012 | Yamada et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5474013 | Wittmaier | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5537949 | Blevins et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5549071 | Pigeon et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5549312 | Garvert | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5560679 | Barnholdt | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5572944 | Slikkers et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5584733 | Kobayashi | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5613462 | Schwartz | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5628272 | Thomas | May 1997 | A |
| 5632224 | Schneider | May 1997 | A |
| 5647632 | Fireman | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5664910 | Lochtefeld et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5694337 | Macken | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5732996 | Graffy | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5787835 | Remnant | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5788311 | Tibbals | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5803475 | Dick | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5829380 | Smith | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5860384 | Castillo | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5860766 | Lochtefeld et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5881666 | Crews, Jr. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5887540 | Krish, Jr. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5911190 | Lochtefeld et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5927433 | Jaramillo, Sr. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5970905 | Jaramillo, Sr. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5970906 | Hrescak | Oct 1999 | A |
| 6006689 | Olofsson | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6012408 | Castillo | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6019050 | Ranta | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6021733 | Jaramillo | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6026759 | Hazelett et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6044788 | Larson et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6047657 | Cox | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6058875 | Krish | May 2000 | A |
| 6082751 | Hanes | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6098566 | Metcalf | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6105527 | Lochtefeld et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6119615 | Porat | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6119809 | Mcclendon | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6138601 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6145865 | Cannara | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6148756 | Pavlov et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6158375 | Stuart, Jr. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6167830 | Pilger | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6170093 | Kowalski | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6170842 | Mueller | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6182598 | Bozzo | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6213044 | Rodgers et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6213486 | Kunz | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6234099 | Jessen et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6270106 | Maki | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6354237 | Gaynor et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6415729 | Nedderman, Jr. et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6427616 | Hagen | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6520104 | Svensson | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6523489 | Simard et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6523490 | Watkins | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6533303 | Watson | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6578510 | Scruggs | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6588839 | Salzer | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6603402 | Lentine et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6606959 | Shen | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6631938 | Burns | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6745715 | Shen et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6782839 | Nozaki | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6793039 | Schmid | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6827031 | Aoyama | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6874441 | Pigeon | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6904863 | Mardikian et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6905158 | Bastian | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6923136 | D'Alessandro | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6935263 | Bandyopadhyay | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6941884 | Moore | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6942272 | Livingston | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6953002 | Jessen et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 7004097 | Zeromski | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7007621 | Bootes | Mar 2006 | B1 |
| 7018252 | Simard et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7055838 | Lambie | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7059648 | Livingston | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7063031 | Earl, Jr. et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7121226 | Grimaldi | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7140318 | Gasper | Nov 2006 | B1 |
| 7162969 | Houlder et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7174843 | Tossavainen | Feb 2007 | B1 |
| 7182175 | Schmitt et al. | Feb 2007 | B1 |
| 7188581 | Davis et al. | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| 7201111 | Burkett | Apr 2007 | B1 |
| 7210422 | Hickok et al. | May 2007 | B1 |
| 7216601 | Mann | May 2007 | B1 |
| 7237503 | Stepp | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7246565 | Snook et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7252047 | Baucom, Jr. | Aug 2007 | B1 |
| 7252074 | Chapman et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7293521 | Johns et al. | Nov 2007 | B1 |
| 7311058 | Brooks et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
| 7314019 | Curi et al. | Jan 2008 | B1 |
| 7318389 | Boning | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7341016 | Terleski et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7377563 | Demick | May 2008 | B1 |
| 7380514 | Loui et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7381108 | Salmon | Jun 2008 | B1 |
| 7401833 | Dryja | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7410031 | Jensen | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7416238 | Houston | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7434531 | Zsido et al. | Oct 2008 | B1 |
| 7434825 | Williams | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7467596 | Salmon | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7497748 | Salmon | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7503276 | Curi et al. | Mar 2009 | B1 |
| 7607400 | Scotti | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7617026 | Gee et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7641525 | Morvillo | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7707956 | Moore | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7735441 | Borum et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7735894 | King et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7766357 | Arvanites | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7780490 | Lundgren | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7896419 | Elliot et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7900575 | Walbridge et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7905193 | Beamer | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7958837 | Fraleigh | Jun 2011 | B1 |
| 8028641 | Sly | Oct 2011 | B1 |
| 8075008 | Hanser et al. | Dec 2011 | B1 |
| 8096255 | Morand et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8100079 | Buzzi | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8191493 | Baywol | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8201514 | Coles | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8216007 | Moore | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8251006 | Kalil | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8261682 | DeVito | Sep 2012 | B1 |
| 8297215 | Chinn | Oct 2012 | B1 |
| 8327790 | Snow | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8336477 | Walker | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8375880 | St. Clair et al. | Feb 2013 | B1 |
| 8387551 | Muller | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8434420 | Muller | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8444225 | Behe | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8465333 | Sells | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8468964 | Hoberman et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8479677 | Bolline et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8480445 | Morvillo | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8522706 | Larson et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8522922 | Stokes | Sep 2013 | B1 |
| 8523285 | Wihinen | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8534214 | Gasper | Sep 2013 | B1 |
| 8539897 | Gasper et al. | Sep 2013 | B1 |
| 8578873 | Gasper et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8596213 | Greenwood et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8622012 | Olofsson | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8631753 | Morvillo | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8636110 | Ebbenga et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8646400 | Grimaldi | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8739723 | Murphy | Jun 2014 | B1 |
| 8795012 | Ooishi et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8798825 | Hartman | Aug 2014 | B1 |
| D713772 | Ziaylek | Sep 2014 | S |
| 8833286 | Sheedy et al. | Sep 2014 | B1 |
| 8905354 | Griffiths et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8943995 | Muller | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8967070 | Kalil | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8968043 | Murphy | Mar 2015 | B1 |
| 9038560 | Brendel | May 2015 | B1 |
| 9045204 | Murphy | Jun 2015 | B1 |
| 9067644 | Sheedy et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9150289 | Brendel | Oct 2015 | B1 |
| 9156372 | Guglielmo et al. | Oct 2015 | B1 |
| 9174703 | Sheedy et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9199695 | Gasper et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9254896 | Bertalan et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9260161 | Gasper et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9272762 | Murphy | Mar 2016 | B1 |
| 9296447 | Morgan et al. | Mar 2016 | B1 |
| 9315235 | Wood | Apr 2016 | B1 |
| 9315236 | Gasper | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9334022 | Gasper et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9394032 | Pigeon | Jul 2016 | B1 |
| 9422028 | Wilhelm | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9422031 | Roncarolo | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9446823 | Sheedy et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9475548 | Slocum | Oct 2016 | B1 |
| 9493213 | Thomas | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9499242 | Hartman et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9505464 | Wood | Nov 2016 | B1 |
| 9540074 | Pigeon | Jan 2017 | B1 |
| 9545977 | Swiatek | Jan 2017 | B1 |
| 9550551 | Swiatek | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9573655 | Pigeon | Feb 2017 | B1 |
| 9580147 | Gasper et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9586655 | Butler | Mar 2017 | B1 |
| 9592890 | Christensen | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9604700 | Naples | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| D783021 | Peel | Apr 2017 | S |
| 9611006 | Miller et al. | Apr 2017 | B1 |
| 9616971 | Gai | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9643697 | Sheedy et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9669903 | Gasper et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9689395 | Hartman | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9694873 | Gasper et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9701373 | Murphy | Jul 2017 | B1 |
| 9708031 | Miller et al. | Jul 2017 | B1 |
| 9796451 | Brendel | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9802684 | Sheedy et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9828075 | Hartman | Nov 2017 | B1 |
| 9855995 | Fafard et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9862457 | Pigeon | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9889909 | Morgan et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9891620 | Green et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9914503 | Huyge et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9914504 | Gasper et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9926043 | Miller et al. | Mar 2018 | B1 |
| 9937979 | Holmes | Apr 2018 | B1 |
| 9950771 | Hartman et al. | Apr 2018 | B1 |
| 9969464 | Miller et al. | May 2018 | B1 |
| 9988126 | Wood | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10040522 | Hartman et al. | Aug 2018 | B1 |
| 10059404 | Clover et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10086913 | Fafard | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10093398 | Hartman | Oct 2018 | B1 |
| 10112688 | Hartman et al. | Oct 2018 | B1 |
| 10179628 | Gasper et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10179632 | Taylor | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10183726 | McNaughton | Jan 2019 | B1 |
| 10202171 | Miller et al. | Feb 2019 | B1 |
| 10202177 | Hartman et al. | Feb 2019 | B1 |
| 10239591 | Hartman et al. | Mar 2019 | B1 |
| 10246169 | Murphy | Apr 2019 | B1 |
| 10259534 | Sheedy et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10266241 | Sheedy et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10308321 | Miller et al. | Jun 2019 | B1 |
| 10322777 | Gasper et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10351215 | Scozzoli | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10358189 | Sheedy et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10370071 | Hartman et al. | Aug 2019 | B1 |
| 10377453 | Sheedy et al. | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10386834 | Green et al. | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10399645 | Holmes | Sep 2019 | B1 |
| 10479461 | Hartman et al. | Nov 2019 | B1 |
| 10501148 | Huyge et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10501156 | Sheedy et al. | Dec 2019 | B1 |
| 10569846 | Murphy | Feb 2020 | B1 |
| 10577054 | Hartman et al. | Mar 2020 | B1 |
| 10640182 | Hartman et al. | May 2020 | B1 |
| 10668991 | Champlin et al. | Jun 2020 | B1 |
| 10676166 | Hartman et al. | Jun 2020 | B1 |
| 10683061 | Gasper et al. | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10717502 | Hartman et al. | Jul 2020 | B1 |
| 10745084 | Forrest et al. | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 10759507 | Hartman et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10822055 | Sheedy et al. | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 10858068 | Miller et al. | Dec 2020 | B1 |
| 10858080 | Hartman et al. | Dec 2020 | B1 |
| 10899416 | Sheedy et al. | Jan 2021 | B1 |
| 11014638 | Davis et al. | May 2021 | B1 |
| 11040757 | Huyge et al. | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11046393 | Sheedy et al. | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11066135 | Wang | Jul 2021 | B1 |
| 11067979 | Green et al. | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11072395 | Shibayama et al. | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11130551 | Hartman | Sep 2021 | B1 |
| 11214335 | Sheedy et al. | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11214338 | Moore et al. | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11225307 | Morre et al. | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11230356 | Eberhardt | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11254391 | Larson et al. | Feb 2022 | B2 |
| 11267538 | Ekern et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11299241 | McNaughton | Apr 2022 | B2 |
| 11312455 | Murphy | Apr 2022 | B1 |
| 11332219 | Champlin et al. | May 2022 | B2 |
| 11352117 | Blew | Jun 2022 | B1 |
| 11370508 | Dugger et al. | Jun 2022 | B1 |
| 11383795 | Giottoli | Jul 2022 | B2 |
| 11401012 | Fafard et al. | Aug 2022 | B2 |
| 11407477 | Dinninger et al. | Aug 2022 | B2 |
| 11438751 | Harman et al. | Sep 2022 | B1 |
| 11518482 | Dugger et al. | Dec 2022 | B1 |
| 11524751 | Thompson | Dec 2022 | B2 |
| 11572136 | Gasper et al. | Feb 2023 | B2 |
| 11613329 | Lacefield | Mar 2023 | B2 |
| 11628912 | Murphy | Apr 2023 | B1 |
| 11708134 | Owen, III | Jul 2023 | B2 |
| 11708136 | Sheedy et al. | Jul 2023 | B2 |
| 11718372 | Huyge et al. | Aug 2023 | B2 |
| 11753116 | Hartman et al. | Sep 2023 | B1 |
| 11772756 | Hartman | Oct 2023 | B1 |
| 11801920 | Thompson | Oct 2023 | B2 |
| 20020003340 | Hallquist | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020070577 | Pool, III et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20030070875 | Medsker | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20040160079 | Harper et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040256833 | Cervenka | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040261684 | Pigeon | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050046219 | Livingston | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050016439 | Mardikian et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050124234 | Sells et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050155540 | Moore | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20060016047 | Blackman et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060054067 | Hoberman et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060217011 | Morvillo | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20070078575 | Wilson et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070125287 | Walker | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070137550 | Davis et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070202757 | Moore | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20080257245 | Stella | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080271660 | Zsido et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080277958 | King et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080281478 | Gee et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20090078188 | Thomas | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090165694 | Beamer | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20100089697 | Kreller | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100101475 | Mueller | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121493 | Christensen et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100162938 | Halfon | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100251952 | Baywol | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20110017115 | Olofsson | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110126751 | Muller | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110315063 | Templeman et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110320072 | Morvillo | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120032418 | Doucette et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120032490 | Nowak et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120079977 | Gai | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20130000542 | Muller | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130024074 | Baur et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130145978 | Viviani et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20140026799 | Kalil | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20150066249 | Fieback et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20160214681 | Huyge et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20170038771 | Green et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170120986 | Burnett et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20180079468 | Fafard et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180208280 | Minger | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20190144087 | Cole | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190291830 | Gremminger et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20200346715 | Dinninger et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20210024183 | Dinninger et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210070406 | Thompson | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210245838 | Waters et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210300506 | Sheedy et al. | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210354793 | Wang | Nov 2021 | A1 |
| 20220048599 | Moore et al. | Feb 2022 | A1 |
| 20220075363 | Green et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220081078 | Sheedy et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220089258 | Uggeri et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220097813 | Swiatek | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220161901 | Moore et al. | May 2022 | A1 |
| 20220234696 | McNaughton | Jul 2022 | A1 |
| 20220348289 | Ekern et al. | Nov 2022 | A1 |
| 20220348290 | Dinninger et al. | Nov 2022 | A1 |
| 20230036601 | Wilmoth, III | Feb 2023 | A1 |
| 20230043632 | Champlin et al. | Feb 2023 | A1 |
| 20230090224 | Dugger et al. | Mar 2023 | A1 |
| 20230278668 | Gasper et al. | Sep 2023 | A1 |
| 20230294799 | Kalil | Sep 2023 | A1 |
| 20230303216 | Lacefield | Sep 2023 | A1 |
| 20230322338 | Sheedy et al. | Oct 2023 | A1 |
| 20230348021 | Huyge et al. | Nov 2023 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2222577 | Dec 1996 | CA |
| 2271332 | Feb 2000 | CA |
| 2597328 | Jan 2004 | CN |
| 1077096 | Mar 1960 | DE |
| 26 34 573 | Feb 1978 | DE |
| 101 59 040 | Sep 2002 | DE |
| 10 2008 057 537 | May 2010 | DE |
| 1216918 | Nov 2002 | EP |
| 1 435 325 | Jul 2004 | EP |
| 1 058 645 | Oct 2004 | EP |
| 2 065 301 | Mar 2010 | EP |
| 2 235 040 | Oct 1976 | FR |
| 2 556 312 | Jun 1985 | FR |
| 2 603 236 | Mar 1988 | FR |
| 2 689 085 | Oct 1993 | FR |
| 254090 | Jul 1926 | GB |
| 332315 | Jul 1930 | GB |
| 2476469 | Jun 2011 | GB |
| 86945 | Feb 1956 | NR |
| 975490 | Nov 1982 | SU |
| WO 9300258 | Jan 1993 | WO |
| WO 9620105 | Jul 1996 | WO |
| WO 9955577 | Nov 1999 | WO |
| WO 2005118384 | Dec 2005 | WO |
| WO 2006058232 | Jun 2006 | WO |
| WO 2007072185 | Jun 2007 | WO |
| WO 2009113923 | Sep 2009 | WO |
| WO 2009077787 | May 2010 | WO |
| WO 2011099931 | Aug 2011 | WO |
| WO 2013040576 | Mar 2013 | WO |
| WO 2013071148 | May 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Ex Parte Reexamination of U.S. Pat. No. 9,260,161 (Control No. 90/013,819), filed Sep. 26, 2016, Gasper et al. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/409,277 including its prosecution history, filed Aug. 23, 2021, Ramsdell et al. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/334,408 including its prosecution history, filed May 28, 2021, Wilson et al. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/806,179 including its prosecution history, filed Jun. 9, 2022, Ramsdell et al. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 17/735,857 including its prosecution history, filed z,su 4.2022, Stanley et al. |
| MasterCraft Surf Tab—Screenshots taken from video uploaded on May 26, 2010 at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Q_MLRO31M. |
| Tige Convex VX—Screenshots taken from video uploaded on Oct. 10, 2012 at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jx5QXC-dU9w. |
| Centurion Wake Plate—Website dated Aug. 27, 2011—http://www.centurionboats.com/features-and-options/adjustable-wake-plate.html. |
| Nautique Surf System—Released Jan. 3, 2013—Website printout from http://www.nautique.com/models/nautique-surf-system. |
| Letter from Edmund J. Haughey of Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto, dated Feb. 3, 2016. |
| “Debut of new Sanger Surf Series,” Wake World forum having postings between Oct. 4, 2008 and Feb. 9, 2009, webpage archive of http://www.wakeworld.com/forum/showthread.php?t=632602 dated May 30, 2012, 171 pages. |
| Screenshots taken from video titled “Surf Sanger,” uploaded on Apr. 30, 2008 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcVIZZ7QZus. |
| Email from Edmund J. Haughey of Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto, dated Feb. 11, 2016. |
| Humphree Operator's Manual, dated 2009. |
| Humphree Installation Manual, dated 2009. |
| “Malibu Makes Boating Easier and More Fun With MaliView,” dated Sep. 4, 2008. |
| Ski Locker—Trim The Waves to Suit Your Personality, Trailer Boats (as reprinted at http://www.switchbladewake.com/switchblade.pdf), Jul. 2005. |
| International Search Report dated Dec. 6, 2012 for PCT/US2012/055788. |
| International Search Report dated Jan. 25, 2013 for PCT/US2012/064504. |
| Volvo Penta—QL Boat Trim System Brochure—The Declaration of David Kennedy alleges that this brochure became publicly available prior to 2010. |
| Volvo Penta—QL Boat Trim System User & Installation Instructions—The Declaration of David Kennedy alleges that these instructions became publicly available prior to 2010. |
| Declaration of David Kennedy, dated Dec. 13, 2013, in Malibu Boats, LLC v. Nautique Boat Co., Case No. 3:13-cv-00656, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. |
| Switch Blade Wake Enhancement System, dated Apr. 10, 2006, https://switchbladewake.com/default.htm. |
| First Look Nautique Surf System Wakeworld in 3 pages, Author: David Williams, Jan. 16, 2013. |
| Lenco Marine Inc., Electric Trim Tab Kits in 2 pages, Oct. 2007. |
| QL—Quality Line product news: Trim system with new technology, dated Aug. 16, 2004. |
| Nautique Launches the Nautique Surf System—Press Release, dated Jan. 3, 2013. |
| Luke, Surf Expo WBM's Surf Expo-Booth View: MasterCraft, dated Sep. 10, 2009. |
| Luke, Wakeboarding Mastercraft X-25 2011, Wakeboard Boat Review, Feb. 16, 2011. |
| Luke, Wakeboarding Mastercraft X-2 2011, Wakeboard Boat Review, Feb. 16, 2011. |
| Luke, Wakeboarding Zane Schwenk Shreds MasterCrafts New Surf Tabs, Sep. 17, 2009. |
| Video titled “MasterCraft Rewind 2010—The BIG Review”, allegedly uploaded on Dec. 30, 2009 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85CoNjFc-wY. |
| Machine transcription (using a method from http://www.labnol.org/internet/transcribe-video-to-text/28914/) taken from a video titled “MasterCraft Rewind 2010—The BIG Review”, allegedly uploaded on Dec. 30, 2009 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85CoNjFc-wY. |
| Video titled “MasterCraft Rewind 2010—Surf Tab and Tower Camera Review”, allegedly uploaded on Dec. 30, 2009 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRra3sMV7A. |
| Machine transcription (using a method from http://www.labnol.org/internet/transcribe-video-to-text/28914/) taken from a video titled “MasterCraft Rewind 2010—Surf Tab and Tower Camera Review”, allegedly uploaded on Dec. 30, 2009 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRra3sMV7A. |
| Video titled “MasterCraft CSX 265 Review”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 11, 2009 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =--N30QPJtfQ. |
| Machine transcription (using a method from http://www.labnol.org/internet/transcribe-video-to-text/28914/) taken from a video titled “MasterCraft CSX 265 Review”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 11, 2009 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =--N30QPJtfQ. |
| Video titled “Z3 Wakesurf Side to Side in Seconds”, allegedly uploaded on Jul. 8, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVJIVomFjT0. |
| Machine transcription (using a method from http://www.labnol.org/internet/transcribe-video-to-text/28914/) taken from a video titled “Z3 Wakesurf Side to Side in Seconds”, allegedly uploaded on Jul. 8, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVJIVomFjT0. |
| Video titled “The All-New Nautique Surf System”, allegedly uploaded on Jan. 3, 2013 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtaySYhmAdA. |
| Machine transcription (using a method from http://www.labnol.org/internet/transcribe-video-to-text/28914/) taken from a video titled “The All-New Nautique Surf System”, allegedly uploaded on Jan. 3, 2013 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtaySYhmAdA. |
| Video titled “Nautique Surf System How-to-Video”, allegedly uploaded on Jan. 3, 2013 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnKfEtMskao. |
| Machine transcription (using a method from http://www.labnol.org/internet/transcribe-video-to-text/28914/) taken from a video titled “Nautique Surf System How-to-Video”, allegedly uploaded on Jan. 3, 2013 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnKfEtMskao. |
| MasterCraft Boat Company Recipient of NMMA Innovation Award, Feb. 2010. |
| MasterCraft Reveals New Innovations for 2010, Aug. 2009. |
| MasterCraft X-Series Models HV700 and HV450 Owner's Manual in 58 pages, Jul. 24, 2012. |
| Medallion Instrumentation Systems 2010 MasterCraft Viper System in 41 pages, alleged to have a date of prior to Sep. 16, 2010. |
| Medallion Instrumentation Systems MasterCraft University Instrumentation Training Part 1, Feb. 2012. |
| Nautique Surf System The new standard in Wakesurfing in 3 pages, Jan. 16, 2013. |
| Sanger Boats V237 2008 Wakeboarding Magazine in 4 pages, Jan. 1, 2008. |
| Video titled “2011 MasterCraft X-25”, allegedly uploaded on Mar. 15, 2011 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpPRDrLznoQ. |
| Screenshot taken early in a video titled “2011 MasterCraft X-25”, allegedly uploaded on Mar. 15, 2011 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpPRDrLznoQ. |
| Video titled “MasterCraft Rewind 2009—Day in the Life of the CSX 265”, allegedly uploaded on Dec. 24, 2008 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nr5xXu5fA54. |
| Screenshot taken early in a video titled “MasterCraft Rewind 2009—Day in the Life of the CSX 265”, allegedly uploaded on Dec. 24, 2008 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nr5xXu5fA54. |
| Video titled “The History of Wake Surfing”, allegedly uploaded on Sep. 27, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWYZf3A7aas. |
| Screenshot taken early in a video titled “The History of Wake Surfing”, allegedly uploaded on Sep. 27, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWYZf3A7aas. |
| Teakgate Modifications & Accessories (p. 1), TheMalibuCrew.com in 13 pages, Oct. 2012. |
| Teakgate Modifications & Accessories (p. 2), TheMalibuCrew.com in 11 pages, Oct. 2012. |
| Teakgate Modifications & Accessories (p. 3), TheMalibuCrew.com in 3 pages, Oct. 2012 to Nov. 2012. |
| Teakgate Modifications & Accessories (p. 4), TheMalibuCrew.com in 5 pages, Nov. 2012 to Mar. 2013. |
| Video titled “2008 Surfing Sanger 237 Edition”, allegedly uploaded on Sep. 17, 2008 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VedGGGD79bM. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “2008 Surfing Sanger 237 Edition”, allegedly uploaded on Sep. 17, 2008 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VedGGGD79bM. |
| Video titled “A ride on the wakesurf board”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 15, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ru47pbUgyo. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “A ride on the wakesurf board”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 15, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ru47pbUgyo. |
| Video titled “Malibu Sunsetter First Crossover”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 14, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Wou4sWdTXk. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Malibu Sunsetter First Crossover”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 14, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Wou4sWdTXk. |
| Video titled “Malibu Sunsetter with Teakgate—first water test”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 14, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3Bx5k7dOD8. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Malibu Sunsetter with Teakgate—first water test”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 14, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3Bx5k7dOD8. |
| Video titled “Malibu Sunsetter with ‘Teakgate’”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 13, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUwoFd4wOTs. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Malibu Sunsetter with ‘Teakgate’”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 13, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUwoFd4wOTs. |
| Video titled “MasterCraft X10 Featuring Surf Tabs”, allegedly uploaded on Feb. 9, 2013 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVddaDkKR5k. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “MasterCraft X10 Featuring Surf Tabs”, allegedly uploaded on Feb. 9, 2013 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVddaDkKR5k. |
| Video titled “No need surf gates . . . Only a Mastercraft X10”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 23, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oltkqqKwEes. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “No need surf gates . . . Only a Mastercraft X10”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 23, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oltkqqKwEes. |
| Video titled “Riding the Teakgate Wave”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 15, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgH-WvdWdSo. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Riding the Teakgate Wave”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 15, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgH-WvdWdSo. |
| Video titled “Steve wake surfing both sides of the wake”, allegedly uploaded on Aug. 12, 2007 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAjUt6Kh-Xw. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Steve wake surfing both sides of the wake”, allegedly uploaded on Aug. 12, 2007 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAjUt6Kh-Xw. |
| Video titled “Teakgate Dual Gate Test”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 12, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6nEgA099fs. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Teakgate Dual Gate Test”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 12, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6nEgA099fs. |
| Video titled “Teakgate Testing”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 12, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5tOiz9SdaQ. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Teakgate Testing”, allegedly uploaded on Nov. 12, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5tOiz9SdaQ. |
| Video titled “Wakesurfing the Sanger 237”, allegedly uploaded on Apr. 29, 2008 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG0YH8fwCmM. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Wakesurfing the Sanger 237”, allegedly uploaded on Apr. 29, 2008 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG0YH8fwCmM. |
| Video titled “Wakesurfing Crossover behind a 1987 Sunsetter”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 15, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCGsKoyLbYs. |
| Transcription taken from a video titled “Wakesurfing Crossover behind a 1987 Sunsetter”, allegedly uploaded on Oct. 15, 2012 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCGsKoyLbYs. |
| Volvo Penta, QL Boat Trim System & Automatic Boat Trim Option in 4 pages, 2008. |
| Volvo Penta, QL Boat Trim System Brochure in 4 pages, 2007. |
| Volvo Penta, QL Boat Trim System Marine Accessories, www.qlmarine.com in 2 pages, 2004. |
| WakeWorld Forum Showthread, Is the Razor Blade the Switch Blade for Surfing in 14 pages, forum posts dated Feb. 8, 2008 and earlier. |
| WakeWorld MasterCraft Reveals New Innovations for 2010 in 3 pages, Aug. 24, 2009. |
| 2010 Mastercraft Owner's Manual. |
| 2011 Mastercraft Owner's Manual (Part 1—covering pages #i-#4-33). |
| 2011 Mastercraft Owner's Manual (Part 2—covering pages #5-1-#24-4). |
| 2012 Mastercraft Owner's Manual. |
| 2013 Mastercraft Owner's Manual (Part 1—covering pages #i-#2-45). |
| 2013 Mastercraft Owner's Manual (Part 2—covering pages #3-1-#6-18). |
| New QL Boat Trim System—Always Perfect Trim, dated Jul. 2007. |
| Malibu 2009 Owner's Manual. |
| MasterCraft Reveals 2010 Innovations, dated Sep. 3, 2009. |
| Machine transcription (using a method from http://www.labnol.org/internet/transcribe-video-to-text/28914/) taken from a video titled “Zane Schwenk—MasterCraft Surf Tabs”, allegedly uploaded on May 26, 2010 at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Q_MLRO31M. |
| Videos uploaded on Dec. 13, 2016: MCFT0071469—https://youtu.be/4sJZWLWoRiM MCFT0071470—https://youtu.be/UV-_8qhQ7p0 MCFT0071471—https://youtu.be/6YcERDOWpq0 MCFT0071472—https://youtu.be/LghlFtztrpE MCFT0071473—https://youtu.be/uw7VbO_6Jjc MCFT0071474—https://youtu.be/wuG85gQBJqg MCFT0071475—https://youtu.be/3001JP1sZY8 MCFT0071476—https://youtu.be/O0E1yKTBABU MCFT0071477—https://youtu.be/tDSGnbMBi8E MCFT0071478—https://youtu.be/vzLNdRnzrrE MCFT0071479—https://youtu.be/-6v9ThC3bqQ MCFT0071725—https://youtu.be/wh2Qxcofft4 One or more of these videos were referenced in MasterCraft's Invalidity Contentions dated May 12, 2016 and Nov. 14, 2016. |
| Nautique Surf System (2 Pages), dated Jan. 3, 2013, http://www.nautique.com/blog/index/nautique-surf-system. |
| Video titled “X-2 Surfing 2010,” allegedly uploaded on Aug. 31, 2010 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FbuXfaWFwU. |
| Screenshot taken early in a video titled “X-2 Surfing 2010,” allegedly uploaded on Aug. 31, 2010 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FbuXfaWFwU. |
| Castle Bravo—Power Trim Tabs, dated May 11, 2011, http://mhkaufman.blogspot.com/2011/05/power-trim-tabs.html. |
| Wake Plates?—Wakeboarder.com Forum, Posts dated Mar. 23, 2005 to Mar. 24, 2005, http://forums.wakeboarder.com/viewtopic.php?t=40149&SID. |
| Tips for Proper Boat Weighting, dated Sep. 28, 2012, https://www.wakeutah.com/2012/09/28/tips-for-proper-boat-weighting/. |
| Lenco Marine, Drawing 20609, 2 Pages, dated Dec. 3, 09. |
| “A Simple Slip Vs. Roll Wake Enhancement Experiment,” http://wakeworld.com/forum/showthread.php?t=544205, posts dated Feb. 13, 2008 and earlier. |
| “Weighting a Sanger 237, need help,” http://www.wakeworld.com/forum/showthread.php?t=770907, posts dated Jan. 25, 2010. |
| “Power wedge or trim tab??,” http://yamahajetboaters.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=19792, posts dated Apr. 28, 2009 and earlier. |
| “Centurion Boats Enzo SV220 2008: Wakeboard Boat Review,” Wakeboarding Magazine, Jan. 1, 2008, https://www.wakeboardingmag.com/blog/boats/2008/01/01/centurion-boats-enzo-sv220-2008/. |
| “Centurion Enzo SV 230,” Nov. 10, 2008, https://www.boatingmag.com/boats/centurion-enzo-sv-230/. |
| “Boardstock 10,” Aug. 31, 2005, http://wakeworld.com/news/latestinwake/boardstock-10.html. |
| Video titled “World Champion Tow Boat History—Centurion Boats,” allegedly uploaded Aug. 20, 2017 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHROZgUk91Q. |
| Machine transcription taken from a video titled “World Champion Tow Boat History—Centurion Boats,” allegedly uploaded Aug. 20, 2017 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHROZgUk91Q. |
| Lenco Owner's Manual, dated Jan. 26, 2010, in 24 Pages. |
| “Hydrofoil,” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, available as early as Mar. 26, 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofoil. |
| Yun L., Bliault A., High Performance Marine Vessels, dated 2012. |
| Monsonnec, Fred, “The Foil Alphabet,” dated Apr. 4, 2015, www.foilingweek.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/The-foil-alphabet-Fred-Monsonnec-04-04-2015.pdf?189db0&189db0. |
| Johnston, R.J., “Hydrofoils,” Naval Eng. J., vol. 97 No. 2, 142-199, dated Feb. 1985. |
| Lei, Siyu, “A Look at the USS Aries,” Columbia Missourian, dated Dec. 9, 2015, www.columbiamissourian.com/visuals/graphics/a-look-at-the-uss-aries/html_6b546320-9ed7-11e5-9427-fb3e65328a09.html. |
| Consultancy: Design, Owen Clarke Design: Yacht Design. Naval Architecture, https://www.owenclarkedesign.com//Yacht-Design-Engineering-Consultancy-Services. |
| The Revolution in Lifting Keel, The Keel Servant, https://thekeelservant.it/features/. |
| Canting & Lifting Keel System, Cariboni, https://caritec.com/en/products/canting-lifting-keel-system. |
| Canting Keel Hydraulic System, Cariboni-Caritec, https://www.nauticexpo.com/prod/cariboni/product-22728-256077.html. |
| Lifting Keel Mechanism, Le Tehnika, http://www.le-tehnika.com/index.php?location=1012. |
| Ac-86 Build, RC Groups, dated Aug. 21, 2013, https://www.rcgroups.com/forums/showthread.php?1887900-Ac-86-build/page5. |
| Bowler, Russ. “Scuttlebutt: Volvo 70 Keel Fairing System,” Sailing Scuttlebutt, http://archive.sailingscuttlebutt.com/news/06/0309/. |
| D'Ambrosio, Luca, “Princess R35 . The Sexy Revolution by Princess Yachts,” Yachting Media, The International Yachting Media, dated Nov. 20, 2018, www.yachtingmedia.com/magazine/princess-r35.html. |
| Meet the foiling catamaran for family sailors—the fantastic Formula Whisper, YouTube, dated Jun. 30, 2015, at 4:28, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opxXm8Oub0A. |
| Formula Whisper, the exciting new boat that anyone can learn to foil, Yachting World, dated Sep. 7, 2015, https://www.yachtingworld.com/yachts-and-gear/formula-whisper-just-how-easy-is-it-to-get-this-boat-to-foil-67280. |
| Meet the foiling catamaran for family sailors—the fantastic Formula Whisper, YouTube, dated Jun. 30, 2015, at 6:20, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opxXm8Oub0A. |
| Dieter Loibner, The Efficiency of a Foiling Powercat, Professional Boatbuilder, dated Mar. 13, 2020, https://www.proboat.com/2020/03/foiling-powercat/. |
| Homebuilt Hydrofoil: Construction Manual, Midwest Engineering & Design, http://www.digitalmarketingusa.com/Hydrofoil.html. |
| Frances, Guru Bikes or Our Journey Into the Frigid North, New England Bicycle Consulting, dated Nov. 19, 2009, https://nebikeconsulting.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/guru-bikes-or-our-journey-into-the-frigid-north/. |
| Matthew Loveridge, Have carbon bikes reached classic status yet?, bikeradar, dated Dec. 13, 2019, https://www.bikeradar.com/features/classic-carbon-road-bikes/. |
| Brand new hydrofoil made by 100% 3k carbon fiber bigger wings for sup board surfboard, AliExpress, https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32834601920.html. |
| Evolution of airfoil weight and strength Carbon fiber inlay weave, Microbirds: Ultralight, dated Apr. 16, 2019, https://microbirds.com/evolution-of-airfoil-weight-and-strength/. |
| Hydrofoil, Fast Craft, http://www.fastacraft.com/images/hydrofoil.jpg. |
| Hydrofoil Systems, D&D Fabrication, dated 2004, http://www.ddfabrication.com/hydrofoil.htm. |
| Products from Foshan Pailian Aluminium Co, Ltd, Global Sources, https://www.globalsources.com/si/AS/Foshan-Pailian/6008829202228/pdtl/Aluminium-profile/1161397058.htm. |
| Image of Transom Mounted Foil, retrieved from Internet, available as early as Mar. 26, 2020. |
| Image of Foil, retrieved from Internet, available as early as Mar. 26, 2020. |
| Andrew Noyce, Grismont Leads French Revolution in 3D Golf Club Design, dated Feb. 26, 2016, https://www.golfalot.com/equipment-news/grismont-driving-irons-3509.aspx. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62830241 | Apr 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18053068 | Nov 2022 | US |
| Child | 18533975 | US | |
| Parent | 16840226 | Apr 2020 | US |
| Child | 18053068 | US |
