Patent Grant
7421963
A boat is protected from contaminants in water and water borne organisms during extended periods of non-use by inflatable bladders that lift the hull above the surface of the water, an envelope with an open top edge that encases the keel, rudder and/or propeller as required, an envelope holder that secures the open edge of the envelope above the surface of the water, and a pump that removes water from the envelope.
Boats are usually taken out of the water during extended periods of non-use. Removal from the water is expensive for boats that are to large to be carried on a trailer pulled by a small truck or car. Removal as well as return to the water may have to be scheduled weeks or even months in advance. As a result a boat is often unavailable for use on days when the weather is excellent for boating.
Boats are often left in the water during periods of non-use of a few weeks. Contaminants in the water can stick to and stain surfaces of the boat hull and keel. Various water borne organisms can attach to the hull, grow for periods of time and damage the hull and keel surfaces.
Inflatable airbags have been used to lift the hull of boats above the surface of the water. These airbags have not however lifted the keel of a sailboat out of the water. The rudder and prop of motorboats may also remain in the water. Sailboats with a fixed keel would be unstable if the hull and the keel were both lifted above the water by airbags.
Flexible containers have been employed to receive the submerged surfaces of ocean going ships. These containers receive chemical that kill marine life attached to the ship hull. Pumps are provided to pump water and chemicals into and out of the container. Following the chemical treatment, the ship is returned to service. The system is for quick treatment to remove marine life from a ship hull. Damage to the hull has most likely occurred prior to chemical treatment. The pumps and chemical storage tanks are on a barge that has substantial size. Two small boats are used to pull one of the containers from the barge. Multiple motors are required to power pumps, wenches, screws and other portions of the system. Such systems are clearly designed to periodically treat the hulls of a number of ships each year.
The watercraft storage assembly includes a port bladder and a starboard bladder made from sheet material with a substantially non-stretchable scrim encased in a flexible plastic and formed into generally cylindrical air impervious containers. A plurality of port strap assemblies are spaced apart along a port bladder long axis. Each port strap assembly includes an elongated strap that substantially encircles the port bladder. An upper port ring is attached to an upper end of the elongated strap. A lower port ring is attached to a lower end of the elongated strap. A plurality of starboard strap assemblies are spaced apart along the starboard bladder long axis. Each strap assembly includes an elongated strap that substantially encircles the starboard bladder. An upper starboard ring is attached to an upper end of the elongated strap. A lower starboard ring is attached to a lower end of the elongated strap. A plurality of coupler assemblies are included. Each coupler assembly connects the upper port ring and the lower port ring of one port strap assembly and the upper starboard ring and the lower starboard ring of one starboard strap assembly together. A blower system includes a blower connected to a manifold. A port bladder tube is connected to the port bladder and to the manifold. A starboard bladder tube is connected to the starboard bladder and to the manifold. A first valve controls the flow of air between the manifold and the part bladder. A second valve controls the flow of air between the manifold and the starboard bladder.
A plurality of coupler assemblies include a coupler closure for opening and closing chain couplers. The coupler assemblies may include a plurality of chain couplers to increase the space between bladders.
Each port strap assembly includes a panel sewn to the elongated strap and fixed to the port bladder. Each starboard strap assembly also includes a panel sewn to the elongated strap and fixed to the starboard bladder.
The presently preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following description and in the accompanying drawing, wherein:
The dry storage assembly 10 for storing watercraft such as motorboats 12, sailboats 14, catamarans, and pontoon boats includes a pair of bladders 16 and 18, a blower system 20 for inflating and deflating the bladders, a retainer system 22 for attaching the bladders to each other, a locator system 23 for aligning the boat with the bladders, and a dry pouch for protecting boat parts that are not lifted from the water. The bladder 16 and 18 may be made from sheets of polyester scrim 24 that is substantially non-stretchable and encased in a flexible poly vinyl chloride plastic 30. Nylon scrim can be used in place of the polyester scrim. Nylon becomes substantially non-stretchable when loaded. The poly-vinyl chloride can be replaced or mixed with urethane. Other thermoplastics that remain flexible at temperatures of 32° Fahrenheit and somewhat lower and that can be bonded by heat can be employed. A seam binding strip (not shown) can be used to cover the exposed edge 28 and increase joint strength. The binding strip is bonded to the sheet material by heat. Seams in the material are made by over lapping two edges 26 and 28 of the material by about 2 inches, as shown in
The non-stretchable polyester or nylon scrim 24 in the bladders 16 and 18 tends to form bladders that are nearly cylindrical when fully inflated. The cross section of the inflated bladders approaches circular. The length from one end to the other approaches a straight line. As a result the hull 32 of a boat 12 or 14 tends to set up on top of the bladders 16 and 18. The bladders 16 and 18 can be longer than the boat 12 or 14 or shorter. The polyester scrim 24 that is non-stretchable tends to hold ends of the bladder 16 and 18 in the water at nearly the same depth as the center portion of the bladders thereby supporting a substantial share of the total weight. Nylon scrim also holds the ends of the bladders in the water when loaded by air under pressure.
Grommets 34 are secured to reinforcement pieces 36, of the scrim 24 encased in flexible poly vinyl chloride or similar material that is used to form a bladder 16 or 18 and bonded to both bladders in selected positions along the length of the bladders. The bonding is preferably done by heat but can also be accomplished with an adhesive. A plurality of retainer lines 38 are connected to grommets 34 to limit separation of two bladders 16 and 18 and form the retainer system 22. These lines 38 are attached in locations in which they do not interfere with rudders, screw shafts or the keel. The lines 38 are lengthened or shortened as required to hold the bladders 16 and 18 in the desired position relative to the hull 32. The grommets 34 together with reinforcement pieces 36 and the retainer lines 38 form the retainer system 22. The lines 38 generally do not need to be released or tightened to raise a boat from the water or lower a boat into the water because the dry storage assembly 10 is moved vertically into or out of engagement with a boat 12 or 14.
The blower system 20 for inflating and deflating bladders 16 and 18 includes a pressure tube connector 40 attached to the bladder 16 and a tube connector 42 attached to the bladder 18. These tube connectors 40 and 42 are connected to the bladders 16 and 18 where they are protected and generally do not interfere with a boat moving into a position to be raised or moving away from the dry storage assembly 10.
A port bladder tube 44 is connected to the tube connector 40. A starboard bladder tube 46 is connected to the connector 42. Both tubes 44 and 46 are preferably relatively large diameter tubes to accommodate the low pressure air supply 48. Two inch diameter tubes 44 and 46 work satisfactorily. However, larger tubes 44 and 46 would most likely be somewhat faster. The tubes 44 and 46 should not be collapsible so that air can be pumped from the bladders 16 and 18. The connections of the tubes 44 and 46 to the connectors 40 and 42 as well as the connections to the air supply 48 are releasable with a suitable tool. However, it would be convenient in some cases if there were rapid couplers of some type between the tubes 44 and 46 and the air supply 48.
The air supply 48 includes a plastic box 50 with a removable cover 52. An air manifold 54 is mounted inside the box 50. The manifold 54 has one port 58 with a valve 56 connected to a bladder tube 44. Another port 60 with a valve 62 is connected to the bladder tube 46. The third port 64 with a valve 66 is connectable to a blower or vacuum cleaner 68 by an air tube 70. A standard vacuum cleaner 68 discharges sufficient air to inflate both bladders 16 and 18 in about ten minutes. A standard vacuum cleaner 68 also produces sufficient air pressure when the bladders 16 and 18 have sufficient size. The vacuum cleaner 68 can be operated by a 110 volt alternating current through a terminal 74 or it can be operated by direct current. The ideal vacuum cleaner 68 should be reversible so that air can be supplied to the manifold 54 or sucked from the manifold. If the vacuum cleaner 68 is not reversible it will be necessary to shift the air tube 70 from an air outlet on the cleaner to a suction side of the blower inside the vacuum cleaner. The vacuum cleaner 68 can also be replaced by a commercially available air blower. Valves 56 and 62 are opened and closed as required to keep a boat hull 32 at the same elevation on both sides during lifting of the hull as well as during lowering of the hull. When lifting the boat hull 32 air tends to flow to the bladder 16 or 18 with the lightest load. When lowering the hull 32 into the water, air tends to flow faster out of a bladder 16 or 18 with the heaviest load to support. Failure to keep a boat hull 32 at equal elevation on both sides when the bladders 16 and 18 are supporting a portion of the weight could cause a boat 12 or 14 to slip off the bladders.
A boat 12 as well as the boat 14 are shown in the drawing Figures in a slip 76. The slip 76 is illustrated as a wharf 78 and with vertical walls 80. Vertical guide bars 82 are attached to both sides of the slip 76. Sliders 84 are slideably mounted on the vertical guide bars 82. Grommets 34 on the outer side walls of the bladders 16 and 18 are attached to the sliders 84 by bladder positioning lines 86. As shown in
In an off shore anchorage situation, rather than a slip 76, the dry storage assembly 10 can be employed. Weights on the bottom are employed to fix the position of the bladders 16 and 18. Buoys can be used to mark the location of the weights. The tubes 44 and 46 are disconnected from the manifold 54, plugged and tied to an anchor buoy. The blower system is carried by the boat 12 or 14 rather than being positioned on a wharf 78. The dry storage assembly 10 is then employed the same way it would be employed with a slip 76.
Motorboats 12 have rudders, propeller and propeller shafts that extend down into the water below the hull 32. With many boat designs the rudder, propeller shaft and propeller can be raised out of the water by the bladders 16 and 18. When the rudder or propeller cannot be raised out of the water, they can be inserted into an envelope 92 with an open top 94 like the keel 96 of the sailboat 14 as described above.
The bladder 16 and 18, as shown in
The envelopes 92, 118 and 124 are designed and constructed to fit the boat that the dry storage assembly 10 is to be used with. A single elongated envelope will fit some boats. More than four lines 126 are required for a single long envelope. Keel envelopes 92 or 124 as well as rudder envelopes 118 must be designed to fit the rudder 122 and the keel 128 they are to receive. They must also be attached to the bladder 16 and 18 in the proper location. If an envelope is to receive a propeller, the envelope must be able to receive the propeller and be positioned properly to do so.
The envelope 92, shown in
The use of envelopes to encase keels, rudders, propellers and possibly other boat components requires the addition of a pump 140 to the box 50. The pump 140 has an inlet pipe 142 and a water discharge pipe 144. The inlet pipe 142 is connected to a line 146 shown in
The employment of the dry storage assembly 10, as described above, relates to use with motorboats and sailboats. The assembly 10 will also work with catamarans and pontoon boats. However, this system for attaching the bladder 16 and 18 to such craft may require some modification to ensure that the hulls do not fall off the bladders 16 and 18. Increasing the length of retainer lines 38 will be sufficient for some such craft. Spreaders to hold the bladders apart may be required for other craft with two separate hull structures.
During employment of the dry storage assembly 10, two bladders 16 and 18 that are deflated are placed in a fixed position under the water a sufficient distance from a boat to be stored, to be passed over by a boat. Bladders 16 and 18 are attached to each other by retainer lines 22 with a desired length and in the appropriate locations for the boat to be stored. If the bladder 16 and 18 are in a boat slip 76, each bladder is position by two or more sliders 84 on vertical guide bars 82 and by bladder position lines 86. Weights 88 keep the bladder 16 and 18 from floating upward. Envelopes 92, are attached to the bladder 16 and 18 if required. A boat 12 or 14 to be lifted out of the water is then moved into the slip 76 and into a position directly above the bladder 16 and 18.
The vacuum cleaner 68 is turned on and valves 56, 60 and 66 are opened to supply air from the vacuum cleaner discharge to both bladders simultaneously. As the bladders 16 and 18 move into contact with the hull 32, a check is made to ensure that the bladders and the retainer line 38 are properly positioned relative to the boat hull. As air continues to be forced into the bladder 16 and 18, the rate of inflation is maintained to ensure that both bladders are filled at the same rate. The valve 56 or 62 is closed as required to slow the rate at which one of the bladders expands until the other bladder catches up and both sides of the boat are at the same elevation. The closed valve is then opened so that both bladders will fill as rapidly as possible. Water is pumped from any envelopes 92, 118 or 124 as soon as the upper edges 94, 130 or 132 are above the water surface 134, by energizing the pump 140. Upon both bladders being completely filled, the valve 66 is closed and the vacuum cleaner 68 is turned off. The time to fill two bladders 16 and 18 that are 20 feet long and 42 inches in diameter should be about 10 to 12 minutes depending upon the capacity of the vacuum cleaner 68 and the size of the port bladder tube 44 and the starboard bladder tube 46. The valves 56 and 62 are generally left open so that a leak will allow both bladders 16 and 18 to collapse together. The pump 140 is turned off as soon as the envelopes 92, 118 or 124 that are used have been drained.
To lower a boat 12 or 14 from dry storage into the water, the valves 56, 6266 are open, and the vacuum cleaner 68 is reversed and energized to suck air from the bladders 16 and 18. The rate of deflation is monitored to ensure that both bladders deflate at that the same rate. If one side of the boat is closer to the water than the other side, the valve 56 or 62 for the bladder supporting the low side is closed. Upon both sides of the boat obtaining the same elevation, the closed valve 56 or 62 is opened again.
After the bladder 16 and 18 are fully deflated, the vacuum cleaner 68 is turned off and the valves 56 and 62 are closed. A check is made to ensure the bladders 16 and 18 and any envelopes 92, 118 and 124 and any retainer lines 38 are clear of the boat 12. The boat is then free to move from the slip. The procedure for a boat 12 or 14 in open water is substantially the same as procedure set forth above with a few exceptions. A mooring block and buoy are set. Bladder guide blocks are placed at the port bladder 18 outside edge and at the front end and the rear end of the port bladder 18. Bladder guide blocks are also placed at the starboard bladder 16 outside edge and at the front end and the rear end of the starboard bladder. Guide ropes and guide block buoys are secured to each bladder guide block. A slider 84 on each guide rope is attached to an adjacent bladder. A weight is attached to the bladder and to each slider to hold deflated bladders in place. A boat is then placed between the four guide block buoys and moored to the mooring block. The bladder tubes 44 and 46 are retrieved from the mooring buoy, unplugged and attached to the air manifold 54 in the box 50. The bladder 16 and 18 are then inflated as explained above. Once the boat is raised out of the water, the valve 56 is closed and the vacuum cleaner 68 is turned off. The bladder 16 and 18 may or may not remain attached to the slider on the guide ropes attached to the guide block buoys. The boat is returned to the water the same way as the boat in a slip is returned to the water.
The blower 68 and the valve 66 as described above are manually operated. When a watercraft 12 or 14 is being placed into dry storage or returned to the water there is a person available to monitor the operation. If the blower 68 runs too long, it would not be a problem because the maximum pressure generated by the blower is relatively low and is far below the pressure that would cause the bladders 16 and 18 to fail. However, the valve 66 and the blower 68 can be controlled by a control system that energized the blower 68 and opens the valve 66 anytime the air pressure in the bladders falls below a selected low pressure. The control system would also turn the blower 68 off and close the valve 66 when the air pressure exceeds a selected high pressure. An alternate version of the control system could turn the blower 68 off and close the valve 66 after a selected time interval. The automatic system increases the time intervals between periodic checks of the status of the bladders 16 and 18 and a watercraft supported by the bladders.
Inflated bladders 16 and 18 for lifting watercraft are more stable if the bladders are substantially rigid. To make a bladder 16 or 18 rigid, the material used to make the bladder is either substantially non-stretchable or a material that becomes substantially non-stretchable or a material that becomes substantially non-stretchable after the material is lightly loaded.
The forces on the material employed to construct the bladders 16 and 18 should exert sufficient force on the bladder wall material in a direction parallel to the long axis 352 to slide the bladder walls relative to a boat hull 32 as air pressure in the bladder increases. The elongation of the bladder material in contact with a boat hull 32 tends to straighten each bladder 16 and 18 thereby forcing the bladder ends into the water and providing more upward force on the boat hull. At the same time, as the pressure increases, the area of a vessel hull 32 in contact with the bladders 16 and 18 decreases. The hull surface area that is uncovered is exposed to air and dries.
The forces in the bladder material that is parallel to a long axis of each bladder is calculated by the following formula:
A minimum force parallel to the long axis 352 of the bladder 16 or 18 of at least 5 pounds per inch of material employing nylon or polyester scrim is desirable. A generally cylindrical bladder 16 or 18 with a forty two inch diameter and an internal gas pressure of 0.5 pounds per square inch has a force parallel to the long axis 352 of about 5.25 pounds per inch of material.
The bladder material used to make bladders 16 and 18 is also loaded in a direction transverse to the long axis 352 of the generally cylindrical bladders. A bladder hull engaging surface that can move freely in a direction transverse to the bladder's 16 or 18 long axis 352 is unstable. Loading on the material used to make a bladder 16 or 18 in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of the bladder is calculated by the following formula:
The minimum force in an inch of bladder material in a direction perpendicular to the bladder long axis 352 is 10 pounds per inch to insure that the bladder 16 or 18 is stable. The force in a bladder 16 or 18 with a forty two inch diameter and a pressure of 0.5 pounds per square inch is 10.5 pounds per inch of material in the bladder wall.
Bladders 16 and 18 made with polyester scrim 24 or nylon scrim encased in a plastic have a substantially constant volume once the internal air pressure exceeds the ambient air pressure by a small amount. Polyester is substantially non elastic. Nylon will stretch somewhat, but becomes rigid after stretching a small amount. Once the bladders 16 and 18 are pressurized by a 0.5 pounds per square inch, there is minimal increase in bladder volume with increases in the pressure inside the bladders. Bladders 16 and 8 which extend forward or rearward from vessel hull engagement will become more cylindrical with increases in internal gas pressure and the bladder ends will be forced downward thereby increasing the lifting force.
The lifting capacity of bladders 16 and 18 can be increased by increasing the length of the bladders or by increasing the bladder diameter. Both of these changes increase the quantity of material in the bladders, thereby increasing cost.
The lifting force of the bladders 16 and 18 can be decreased when used to lift lighter vessels decreasing bladder length or bladder diameter. A decrease in bladder length will decrease bladder weight as well as the volume of air required while leaving air pressure requirements substantially unchanged. A decrease in bladder diameter will decrease the forces on the bladder material parallel to the long axis of a bladder and decrease the force on the bladder material transverse to the long axis. It is desirable to keep the minimum forces on the bladder material up to at least 5 pounds per inch of material in a direction parallel to the bladder long axis and up to at least 10 pounds per inch in a direction transverse to the bladder long axis. To maintain the 5 pound per inch and the 10 pound per inch forces with a tube diameter less than forty two inches it will be necessary to increase gas pressure. Increased gas pressure will require more time to lift a boat and may require a larger air pump. The larger pump will increase apparatus costs and operating costs.
A single cylindrical bladder 16 or 18 will rotate about the bladder long axis 352 unimpeded. This problem is solved by connecting two bladders together with a plurality of strap assemblies 310 as shown in
A plurality of strap assemblies 310 are placed around the bladder 16. A plurality of strap assemblies 310 are also placed around the bladder 18. The stainless steel triangular ring 314 is aligned with an edge 28 of the bladder seam that extends the length of each bladder 16 or 18 and across both bladder ends. The rings 314 are placed in selected positions along the length of each seam edge 28 with the strap 312 crossing the edge 28 perpendicular to the seam edge. The upper triangular rings 338 and the lower triangular rings 334 of two strap assemblies 310 on adjacent bladders 16 and 18 are connected to each other by a chain coupler 350. Each pair of strap assemblies 310 that are directly across from each other and spaced along the axis 352 of each bladder 16 and 18 are connected together by chain couplers 350 as explained above.
The generally rectangular panel 322 of bladder material that crosses one of the seam edges 28 is bonded to the outside bladder wall by heat as explained above. These rectangular panels 322 strengthen the bladder joint and eliminate rotation of the bladder 18 relative to the strap assemblies.
The second generally rectangular panel 330 on each strap assembly 310 is positioned to engage the hull 32 of a boat. These panels 330 help the bladders 16 and 18 expand along the hull 32 of a boat as the bladders are inflated and facilitate sliding of the strap assemblies 310 relative to a boat hull.
The third generally rectangular panels 334 on each strap assembly 310 performs the same function as the second generally rectangular panel 330 if the port bladder 18 and the starboard bladder 16, as shown in
There are three strap assemblies 310 that are close together adjacent to the stem as shown in
One chain coupler 350 is shown in
The generally rectangular panels 330 and 334 are heat bonded to the bladders 16 and 18 to further secure the straps to the bladders.
This application is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 10/913,115 filed Aug. 6, 2004 and now U.S. Pat. No. 7,096,809 which claims benefit of application Ser. No. 60/492,891 filed Aug. 6, 2003.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1447064 | Cousins | Feb 1923 | A |
| 5713817 | Buchanan | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5860379 | Moody | Jan 1999 | A |
| 6343560 | Myers | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 7096809 | Victor | Aug 2006 | B1 |
| 20040139904 | Mears | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20050268837 | Mears | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60492891 | Aug 2003 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10913115 | Aug 2004 | US |
| Child | 11509883 | US |
