This application is based on and hereby claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2005-258318 filed on Sep. 6, 2005 in Japan, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
(1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a wavelength conversion system, an optical integrated device and a wavelength conversion method.
(2) Description of the Related Art
As increase in speed and capacity of optical communication proceeds, an all-optical signal processing technique which involves no conversion of an optical signal into an electric signal to perform processing is demanded.
Thanks to the progress of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques in recent years, it is possible to fully use an entire wavelength bandwidth over several THz of silica glass optical fibers. In the WDM wherein individual ones of wavelengths of light transmit different information applied thereto, wavelength conversion for implementing prevention of wavelength conflict and exchange by wavelength routing between sub networks is an essentially required technique.
When it is tried to perform all-optical wavelength conversion, methods which utilize a non-linear medium (NLM) such as an optical fiber or a semiconductor are used frequently. Among the methods, a wavelength conversion method which uses a non-linear effect of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is studied actively because it allows miniaturization of a system and can provide a high non-linear effect with low power consumption.
All-optical wavelength conversion methods which use the SOA can be classified into those of the optical switch type which make use of cross gain modulation (XGM) or cross phase modulation (XPM) and those of the coherent type which use difference frequency generation (DFG) or four wave mixing (FWM).
Of the two methods, the wavelength conversion method of the coherent type is ready also for a modulation format such as, for example, differential phase shift keying (DPSK) because it can perform very high speed wavelength conversion due to its high non-linear responsibility and besides maintains phase information also after the wavelength conversion.
Where the wavelength conversion method which uses the DFG and the wavelength conversion method which uses the FWM are compared with each other, in the wavelength conversion method which uses the DFG which is a second-order non-linear effect, the distance between wavelengths of light which act with each other is greater than that in the conversion wavelength method which uses the FWM which makes use of a third-order non-linear effect. Therefore, the wavelength conversion method which uses the FWM is more advantageous from the point of view of the facility in establishment of phase matching.
It is to be noted that Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-250081 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-185021 were found through a prior art search conducted.
Incidentally, in the wavelength conversion method which uses the FWM, the phenomenon that, if signal light ωs and pumping light ωp are inputted to an optical waveguide made of a non-linear medium, then phase conjugate light ωc (=2ωp−ωs) of the signal light is produced as seen in
However, also the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp are outputted together with the phase conjugate light ωc.
Therefore, in order to extract only the phase conjugate light ωc as the wavelength conversion light, a filter is used (for example, a variable wavelength filter is provided externally) to cut the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp.
Meanwhile, in such a wavelength conversion method as described above, in order to convert signal light (input light) of a certain wavelength into signal light (wavelength conversion light) of an arbitrary wavelength (that is, in order to adjust the wavelength of the phase conjugate light ωc of an arbitrary wavelength as wavelength conversion light), the wavelength of the pumping light ωp should be changed.
However, where a filter is used, the width in wavelength conversion is limited by the band of the filter. Further, another filter of a different band is sometimes required in response to the modulation speed of a signal. On the other hand, if a large number of filters are provided in order to extract phase conjugate light ωc of an arbitrary wavelength as wavelength conversion light, then the number of parts increases as much. Further, such provision of a large number of filters is disadvantageous in achievement of miniaturization and integration of apparatus.
Further, where a variable wavelength filter is used, also it is necessary to sweep the center wavelength of the filter, and the width in wavelength conversion is limited also by the wavelength sweep range. Particularly since the wavelength sweep range is determined by the characteristic of a filter including a sweeping mechanism, actual use of the filter is restricted by various factors. Further, the wavelength conversion speed is restricted by operation of the filter.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wavelength conversion system, an optical integrated device and a wavelength conversion method by which only wavelength conversion light can be extracted without using a filter.
In order to attain the object described above, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wavelength conversion system, comprising a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including two optical waveguides, a non-linear medium provided on one of the two optical waveguides, and a branching ratio adjustment section for adjusting the branching ratio of multiplexed light produced by multiplexing signal light and pumping light so that the powers of the signal light and the pumping light which are to be emitted from the two optical waveguides are equal to each other, the multiplexed light whose branching ratio is adjusted by the branching ratio adjustment section being introduced into the two optical waveguides such that the non-linear medium generates phase conjugation light of the signal light and the light guided through the one optical waveguide and the light guided through the other one of the two optical waveguides interfere with each other so that the phase conjugation light is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wavelength conversion system, comprising a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including two optical waveguides, a first non-linear medium provided on one of the two optical waveguides, and a second non-linear medium provided on the other one of the two optical waveguides and having a non-linear susceptibility different from that of the first non-linear medium, multiplexed light produced by multiplexing signal light and pumping light being branched and introduced into the two optical waveguides such that the first and second non-linear media individually generate phase conjugation light of the signal light and the light guided through the one optical waveguide and the light guided through the other one of the two optical waveguides interfere with each other so that the phase conjugation light is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical integrated device, comprising a pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer including two optical waveguides for branching and guiding multiplexed light produced by multiplexing signal light and pumping light, a phase shifter provided on at least one of the two optical waveguides which form the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer including an input side coupler, an output side coupler, and two optical waveguides for connecting the input side coupler and the output side coupler to each other, and a semiconductor optical amplifier provided on one of the two optical waveguides which form the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the multiplexed light whose branching ratio is adjusted by the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the phase shifter so that the powers of the signal light and the pumping light to be individually emitted from the two optical waveguides which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer are equal to each other being introduced into the two optical waveguides which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer such that the semiconductor optical amplifier generates phase conjugation light of the signal light and the light guided through the one optical waveguide which forms the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the light guided through the other one of the two optical waveguides which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer interfere with each other so that the phase conjugation light is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical integrated device, comprising a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including an input side coupler, an output side coupler, and two optical waveguides for connecting the input side coupler and the output side coupler to each other, a first semiconductor optical amplifier provided on one of the two optical waveguides, and a second semiconductor optical amplifier provided on the other one of the two optical waveguides and having non-linear susceptibility different from that of the first semiconductor optical amplifier, multiplexed light produced by multiplexing signal light and pumping light being branched and introduced into the two optical waveguides such that the first and second semiconductor optical amplifiers individually generate phase conjugation light of the signal light and the light guided through the one optical waveguide and the light guided through the other one of the two optical waveguides interfere with each other so that the phase conjugation light is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
According to a yet further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wavelength conversion method, comprising the steps of adjusting a branching ratio of multiplexed light produced by multiplexing signal light and pumping light emitted from two optical waveguides which form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer so that the powers of the signal light and pumping light are equal to each other, introducing the multiplexed light whose branching ratio is adjusted into the two individual optical waveguides, generating phase conjugation light of the signal light by means of a non-linear medium provided on one of the two optical waveguides, and causing the light guided through the one optical waveguide with a gain generated by the non-linear medium and the light guided through the other one of the two optical waveguides to interfere with each other so that the phase conjugation light is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
According to a yet further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wavelength conversion method, comprising the steps of introducing multiplexed light produced by multiplexing signal light and pumping light into two optical waveguides which form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, generating phase conjugation light of the signal light by means of a first non-linear medium provided on one of the two optical waveguides, generating phase conjugation light of the signal light by means of a second non-linear medium provided on the other one of the two optical waveguides and having a non-linear susceptibility different from that of the first non-linear medium, and causing the light guided through the one optical waveguide and the light guided through the other optical waveguide to interfere with each other so that the phase conjugation light is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
With the wavelength conversion systems, optical integrated devices and wavelength conversion methods, there is an advantage that signal light of an arbitrary wavelength, an arbitrary modulation speed and an arbitrary modulation format can be converted into wavelength conversion light of an arbitrary wavelength, and only the wavelength conversion light can be extracted without using a filter.
As a result, the number of parts can be reduced in comparison with an alternative case wherein a filter is used. Also it is possible to achieve miniaturization and integration of apparatus. Further, such a situation that the width in wavelength conversion is restricted by the bandwidth or the wavelength sweeping width of a filter is eliminated. Furthermore, also such a situation that the wavelength conversion speed is restricted by operation of a filter is eliminated, and wavelength conversion can be performed at a high speed.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like parts or elements denoted by like reference symbols.
In the following, wavelength conversion systems, optical integrated devices and wavelength conversion methods according to embodiments of the present invention are described.
First, a wavelength conversion system, an optical integrated device and a wavelength conversion method according to a first embodiment of the present invention are described with reference to
The wavelength conversion system according to the present embodiment uses four wave mixing (FWM) as a non-linear effect of a non-linear medium (NLM). In particular, the wavelength conversion system makes use of the phenomenon that, if signal light ωs and pumping light ωp are inputted to a non-linear medium (here, a medium in which a third-order non-linear phenomenon occurs), then phase conjugate light ωc (=2ωp−ωs) of the signal light is produced, to extract the phase conjugate light ωc (phase conjugate light by a third-order non-linear phenomenon) produced by a non-linear medium to perform wavelength conversion.
Here, the non-linear medium may be, for example, a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) or a non-linear optical fiber (for example, a high non-linear optical fiber) which has a semiconductor gain medium.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, as seen in
Here, in order to introduce multiplexed light produced by multiplexing the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2, a multiplexer 3 (here, a multiplexing coupler) is provided as seen in
Further, if the multiplexed light produced by multiplexing the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp is introduced into the non-linear medium 1, then a gain is generated occasionally. The gain will make the powers (light intensities) of the light guided through the optical waveguide 2A, on which the non-linear medium 1 is provided, and the light guided through the optical waveguide 2B, on which the non-linear medium 1 is not provided, different from each other.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order that the powers (light intensities) of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp to be emitted from the optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 (two outputs of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2) may be equal to each other, a branching ratio adjuster 5 for adjusting the branching ratio of the multiplexed light produced by multiplexing the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp is provided at a succeeding stage to the multiplexer 3 and a preceding stage to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 as shown in
Therefore, the branched lights whose branching ratio is adjusted by the branching ratio adjuster 5 are introduced into the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 (two input ports of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2).
Here, the branching ratio adjuster 5 is a branching ratio adjusting coupler (for example, a variable branching ratio coupler). It is to be noted that a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or the like may be used for the branching ratio adjuster 5 as herein after described.
Further, in the present embodiment, a phase shifter 6 (phase compensator) is provided on the other optical waveguide 2B (optical waveguide on which the non-linear medium 1 is not provided) of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 as shown in
Now, a wavelength conversion method which uses such a wavelength conversion system as described above is described.
First, as seen in
When one of the multiplexed lights introduced into the optical waveguide 2A until it passes the non-linear medium 1 (NLM), phase conjugate light ωc of the signal light is generated by the non-linear medium 1.
Thereafter, the light propagated through the optical waveguide 2A and the light propagated through the other optical waveguide 2B interfere with each other at the coupler 4 (at the branching ratio of 1:1). In this instance, the phase conjugate light ωc is inputted only from the optical waveguide 2A, on which the non-linear medium 1 is provided, to and branched at 1:1 by the coupler 4, and is outputted from the two ports of the coupler 4. On the other hand, the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp propagated through the optical waveguides 2A and 2B cancel each other at the coupler 4 and are not outputted from one of the ports of the coupler 4. Therefore, only the phase conjugate light ωc is outputted from the one port of the coupler 4, and this is extracted as wavelength conversion light. Therefore, it is considered that the signal light ωs is converted into the phase conjugate light ωc.
In the present embodiment, phase shifting is performed by the phase shifter 6 provided on the optical waveguide 2B on which then on-linear medium 1 is not provided so that the phases of the lights propagated through the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B may coincide with each other.
Now, an optical integrated device which uses the wavelength conversion system described above is described with reference to
It is to be noted that
Referring first to
It is to be noted that the multiplexer 3 of the wavelength conversion system described above is not shown in
The pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 50 is provided at the preceding stage as viewed from the incoming side of light as seen in
The input side coupler 55 and the output side coupler 56 are multi-mode interference (MMI) couplers. It is to be noted here that, while an MMI coupler is used for the input side coupler 55 and the output side coupler 56 from the point of view of the controllability of the branching characteristic, the coupler to be used here is not limited to this, but, for example, a directional coupler or a Y-branching coupler may be used instead.
Each of the phase shifters 51 and 52 is configured such that it includes a phase shifting electrode 51A or 52A provided for a corresponding one of the two optical waveguides 53 and 54 which form the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 50 so as to adjust the phase by injecting electric current into the optical waveguide 53 or 54 through the phase shifting electrode 51A or 52A as seen in
The post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 is provided on the succeeding side as viewed from the incoming side of light as seen in
The output side coupler 22 is a multi-mode interference (MMI) coupler. It is to be noted here that, while an MMI coupler is used for the output side coupler 22 from the point of view of the controllability of the branching characteristic, the coupler to be used here is not limited to this, but, for example, a directional coupler or a Y-branching coupler may be used instead.
The SOA 10 is provided on the optical waveguide 23 which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 as seen in
Further, in the present embodiment, multiplexed light whose branching ratio is adjusted by the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 50 and the phase shifters 51 and 52 so that the powers (light intensities) of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp to be emitted from each of the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 may be equal to each other is introduced into the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20. And then, the SOA 10 generates phase conjugate light ωc of the signal light and the light guided through the optical waveguide 23 which forms the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 and the light guided through the other optical waveguide 24 of the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 interfere with each other so that the phase conjugate light ωc is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
The branching ratio of the multiplexed light incoming to each of the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 is adjusted in the following manner.
In particular, the multiplexed light produced by multiplexing the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp is branched and introduced into the two optical waveguides 53 and 54 of the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 50, and then, electric current is injected into the phase shifting electrodes 51A and 52A (phase shifters 51 and 52) provided in the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 50 in response to a gain generated in the SOA 10 [that is, in response to the powers (light intensities) of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp amplified by the SOA 10]. As a result, the phases of the multiplexed light propagated through the optical waveguides 53 and 54 of the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 50 are varied to adjust the branching ratio of the multiplexed light to be introduced into the optical waveguides 23 and 24 of the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 through the output side coupler 56 of the pre-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 50 (the output side coupler 56 serves also as the input side coupler 21 of the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20).
Further, in the present embodiment, a phase shifter (phase compensator) 60 as the phase shifter 6 of the wavelength conversion system described herein above is provided on the other optical waveguide 24 of the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 (optical waveguide on which the non-linear is not provided) such that the phases of the lights propagated through the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 can be adjusted so as to coincide with each other as seen in
Here, the phase adjust 60 includes a phase shifting electrode 60A provided on the optical waveguide 24 of the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 such that the phase is adjusted by injecting electric current to the optical waveguide 24 through the phase shifting electrode 60A. It is to be noted that the phase shifter 60 may be provided on at least one of the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 of the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20. Further, if it is possible to adjust the phases to each other by some other measures such as adjustment of the lengths of the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20, then the phase shifter need not be provided.
Now, a method of producing the optical integrated device according the present embodiment is described suitably with reference to
First, an n-InP cladding layer 61 (for example, of a thickness of 1 μm or less), a lower side SCH layer 62 (InGaAsP layer; optical guide layer; for example, of a light emission wavelength of 1.15 μm; for example, of a thickness of 50 nm), a strained quantum well active layer 63 (having, for example, six InGaAs well layers; for example, of a strain amount of +0.8%; for example, of a thickness of 100 nm), an upper side SCH layer 64 (InGaAsP layer; optical guide layer; for example, of a light emission wavelength of 1.15 μm; for example, of a thickness of 50 nm), and a p-InP cladding layer 65 (for example, of a thickness of 300 nm) are grown on a n-type InP substrate (n-InP substrate) 100, for example, by metal organic chemical vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) to form a stacked structure including the strained quantum well active layer 63 (SOA active layer) which forms an SOA as seen in
Then, an SiO2 mask (dielectric mask) is formed only over an area over which the SOA 10 is to be formed (refer to
Then, as seen in
Then, an SiO2 mask is formed at portions at which the optical waveguides 23 and 24, 41, 42, 51 and 52 are to be formed, at portions at which the MMI couplers 55, 56 (21) and 22 are to be formed and at a portion at which the SOA 10 is to be formed [refer to
Then, a p-InP current block layer 67 (first current block layer) and an n-InP current block layer 68 (second current block layer) are grown on the opposite sides of the mesa structure, for example, by MOVPE to form a current constriction structure as seen in
After the current constriction structure is formed in this manner, the SiO2 mask is removed, and a p-InP cladding layer 69 (for example, of a thickness of 3 μm) and an InGaAsP contact layer 70 (for example, of a light emission wavelength of 1.3 μm; for example, of a thickness of 100 nm) are grown at an upper portion thereby to complete the epitaxial growth as seen in
From the wafer on which the epitaxial growth is completed in this manner, the InGaAsP contact layer 70 is removed except at the portion at which the SOA 10 is to be formed and at the portions at which the phase shifters 60, 51 and 52 are to be formed, and a SiO2 film 71 is formed. Thereafter, the SiO2 film 71 at the portion at which the SOA 10 is to be formed and at the portions at which the phase shifters 60, 51 and 52 are to be formed (at the portions at which the InGaAsP contact layer 70 remains) is removed, and p side electrodes 51A, 52A and 60A are formed on the InGaAsP contact layer 70. Meanwhile, an n side electrode 73 is formed on the rear face of the substrate.
Finally, anti-reflection coating is applied to the opposite side faces of the device after cleavage thereby to complete the optical integrated device.
Accordingly, with the wavelength conversion system, optical integrated device and wavelength conversion method of the present embodiment, since an interference effect is used to remove signal light ωs and pumping light ωp, there is an advantage that input signal light of any wavelength, any modulation speed and any modulation format can be converted into signal light of an arbitrary wavelength and only the wavelength conversion light can be extracted without using a filter (for example, without external provision of a variable wavelength filter). As a result, the number of parts can be reduced when compared with an alternative arrangement wherein a filter is used.
Also it becomes possible to achieve miniaturization and integration of apparatus. Particularly it is possible to integrate apparatus monolithically like the optical integrated device described herein above, and the functions of a conventional non-linear medium and variable wavelength filter can be implemented in a single device. Thus, further miniaturization of a device can be anticipated when compared with an alternative arrangement which uses a filter.
Furthermore, since no filter is required, the restriction to the width of wavelength conversion by the bandwidth or the wavelength sweeping width is eliminated, and higher speed wavelength conversion can be anticipated.
It is to be noted that, while, in the embodiment described above, an optical integrated device which includes a semiconductor optical amplifier as a non-linear medium is used as an example of adaptation of the wavelength conversion system described herein above, the adaptation of the wavelength conversion system is not limited to this.
For example, it is otherwise possible to form the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 of the wavelength conversion system described above from an optical fiber and form a wavelength conversion apparatus wherein an on-linear fiber is used as a non-linear medium.
Such a wavelength conversion apparatus as just described may be configured in such a manner as shown in
It is to be noted here that polarization controllers (PC) 82 and 83 are provided for an optical waveguide 80 for inputting signal light ωs therethrough and an optical waveguide 81 for inputting the pumping light ωp therethrough, respectively. Further, the polarization maintaining optical fibers 84 and 85 serving as the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 have lengths equal to each other.
A wavelength conversion system, an optical integrated device and a wavelength conversion method according to a second embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to
The wavelength conversion system according to the present embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment described herein above except that two optical waveguides of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer are respectively provided with non-linear media which have non-linear susceptibilities (here, third-order non-linear susceptibilities χ(3)) different from each other but generate gains (linear gains) equal to each other (including non-linear media which generate no gain) while no branching ratio adjuster is provided.
In particular, the present wavelength conversion system (apparatus) includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 having two optical waveguides 2A and 2B as seen in
The non-linear susceptibility is a parameter which determines a wavelength conversion efficiency, and as the value of the non-linear susceptibility increases, the wavelength conversion efficiency increases.
For example, the non-linear susceptibilities of the non-linear medium (first non-linear medium) 1A provided on the optical waveguide 2A of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 and the non-linear medium (second non-linear medium) 1B provided on the other optical waveguide 2B may be set such that the non-linear susceptibility of the non-linear medium 1A is higher (or lower) than that of the non-linear medium 1B.
The first non-linear medium 1A having a higher non-linear susceptibility is used to generate phase conjugate light ωc to be extracted as wavelength conversion light. Therefore, the first non-linear medium 1A is called wavelength conversion light producing non-linear medium. Meanwhile, the second non-linear medium 1B having a lower non-linear susceptibility is used to make the power (light intensity) of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp having passed through the first non-linear medium 1A and the power (light intensity) of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp having passed through the second non-linear medium 1B equal to each other. Therefore, the second non-linear medium 1B is called output adjusting non-linear medium.
In this instance, when multiplex light of signal light ωs and pumping light ωp is branched and introduced into the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2, the first non-linear medium 1A provided on the optical waveguide 2A of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 and the second non-linear medium 1B provided on the other optical waveguide 2B generate phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB of the signal light ωs, respectively.
However, since the first non-linear medium 1A and the second non-linear medium 1B have different non-linear susceptibilities from each other, a difference appears between the powers (light intensities) of the phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB generated in the non-linear media 1A and 1B, respectively.
Therefore, even if the light guided through the optical waveguide 2A of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 and the light guided through the other optical waveguide 2B interfere with each other, the phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB do not fully cancel each other but are outputted.
In this manner, in the present embodiment, the phase conjugate light ωc is extracted as wavelength conversion light making use of the phenomenon that non-linear media having different non-linear susceptibilities from each other generate phase conjugate lights between which a power difference (light intensity difference) appears and which therefore do not cancel each other.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, since the non-linear media 1A and 1B provided on the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 generate an equal gain, the powers of the light (light outputs; light intensities) having guided through the optical waveguides 2A and 2B become equal to each other. Therefore, the branching ratio adjuster 5 in the first embodiment described herein above is not provided. In other words, the second non-linear medium 1B having a different non-linear susceptibility is provided on the optical waveguide 2B in place of the branching ratio adjuster 5 in the first embodiment described above so that the powers (light intensities) of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp to be emitted from the optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 (two output ports of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2) may be equal to each other.
It is to be noted that the configuration of the other part of the present embodiment is same as that of the first embodiment described herein above.
Now, a wavelength conversion method in which such a wavelength conversion system as described above is described.
First, multiplexed light of signal light ωs and pumping light ωp is branched and introduced into the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2.
When the multiplexed lights introduced into the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B propagate and pass the non-linear media (NLM) 1A and 1B, respectively, phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB of the signal light are generated by the non-linear media 1A and 1B, respectively. In particular, the phase conjugate light ωcA of the signal light is generated by the first non-linear medium 1A provided on the optical waveguide 2A of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2 while the phase conjugate light ωcB of the signal light is generated by the second non-linear medium 1B provided on the other optical waveguide 2B and having a non-linear susceptibility different from that of the first non-linear medium 1A.
In the present embodiment, since an equal gain is generated by the non-linear media 1A and 1B, the powers (light intensities) of the light guided through the optical waveguide 2A and the light guided through the other optical waveguide 2B become equal to each other. On the other hand, since the non-linear media 1A and 1B provided on the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 2, respectively, have different non-linear susceptibilities from each other, a difference appears between the powers (light intensities) of the phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB generated by the non-linear media 1A and 1B, respectively. Here, since the non-linear susceptibility of the second non-linear medium 1B is lower, the power (light intensity) of the phase conjugate light ωcA generated by the first non-linear medium 1A is lower.
Then, the light guided through the optical waveguide 2A and the light guided through the optical waveguide 2B interfere with each other at the coupler 4 (at the branching ratio of 1:1).
In the present embodiment, since a difference is provided between the powers (light intensities) of the phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB generated by the non-linear media 1A and 1B, the phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB do not fully cancel each other but are outputted individually from the two ports of the coupler 4. Meanwhile, the signal lights ωs and the pumping lights ωp having propagated through the optical waveguides 2A and 2B cancel each other at the coupler 4 and are not outputted from one of the ports of the coupler 4. Therefore, from the one of the ports of the coupler 4, only the phase conjugate light ωc (=ωcA−ωcB) is outputted, and this is extracted as wavelength conversion light. Consequently, the signal light ωs is converted into the phase conjugate light ωc.
In the present embodiment, phase shifting is performed by the phase shifter 6 provided on the optical waveguide 2B so that the phases of the lights having propagated through the two optical waveguides 2A and 2B may coincide with each other.
Now, an optical integrated device which uses the wavelength conversion system described herein above is described with reference to
It is to be noted that
Referring first to
The post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 includes an input side coupler 21, an output side coupler 22, and two optical waveguides (slab waveguides) 23 and 24 for interconnecting the input side coupler 21 and the output side coupler 22 as seen in
Each of the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B is provided on a corresponding one of the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 as shown in
Here, the non-linear susceptibility of the first SOA 10A is set higher than that of the second SOA 10B. More particularly, the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B may be configured in the following manner.
(1) The first SOA 10A is formed as a bulk SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a strained quantum well SOA. (2) The first SOA 10A is formed as a bulk SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a quantum dot SOA. (3) The first SOA 10A is formed as a non-strained quantum well SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a strained quantum well SOA. (4) The first SOA 10A is formed as a non-strained quantum well SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a quantum dot SOA.
It is to be noted that the non-linear susceptibility of the first SOA 10A may be set lower than that of the second SOA 10B. In this instance, the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B may be configured in the following manner.
(1) The first SOA 10A is formed as a strained quantum well SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a bulk SOA. (2) The first SOA 10A is formed as a quantum dot SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a bulk SOA. (3) The first SOA 10A is formed as a strained quantum well SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a non-strained quantum well SOA. (4) The first SOA 10A is formed as a quantum dot SOA while the second SOA 10B is formed as a non-strained quantum well SOA.
In this manner, the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B may be formed so as to include different active layers having different non-linear susceptibilities from each other. For example, the first SOA 10A may be formed so as to include active layers composed of any one type of configurations chosen from group including bulk, non-strained quantum well, strained quantum well and quantum dot layers while the second SOA 10B is formed so as to include one of such active layers as mentioned above which is different from that of the first SOA 10A. It is to be noted that the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B may otherwise be configured so as to include active layers of the same type but having different non-linear susceptibilities from each other.
Further, the present optical integrated device is configured such that the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B generate an equal gain so that the powers (light intensities) of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp to be emitted from the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 may be equal to each other.
Then, the multiplex light of the signal light ωs and the pumping light ωp is introduced into the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 which form the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20, and the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B generate phase conjugate lights ωcA and ωcB of the signal light ωs, respectively. Then, the light propagated through the optical waveguide 23 and the light propagated through the other optical waveguide 24 interfere with each other, and the phase conjugate light ωc (=ωcA−ωcB) is extracted as wavelength conversion light.
Further, in the present embodiment, a phase shifter 60 (phase compensator) is provided as the phase shifter 6 of the wavelength conversion system described herein above on one of the two optical waveguides 23 and 24 of the post-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer 20 (here, on the optical waveguide 24) as seen in
Now, a method of producing the optical integrated device according the present embodiment is described suitably with reference to
First, an n-InP cladding layer 61 (for example, of a thickness of 1 μm or less), a lower side SCH layer 62 (InGaAsP layer; optical guide layer; for example, of a light emission wavelength of 1.15 μm; for example, of a thickness of 50 nm), a strained quantum well active layer 63 (having, for example, six InGaAs well layers; for example, of a strain amount of +0.8%; for example, of a thickness of 100 nm), an upper side SCH layer 64 (InGaAsP layer; optical guide layer; for example, of a light emission wavelength of 1.15 μm; for example, of a thickness of 50 nm), and a p-InP cladding layer 65 (for example, of a thickness of 300 nm) are grown on an n-type InP substrate (n-InP substrate) 100, for example, by metal organic chemical vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) to form a stacked structure including the strained quantum well active layer 63 (first SOA active layer) which forms the first SOA 10A as seen
Then, an SiO2 mask (dielectric mask) is formed only at a portion at which the first SOA 10A is to be formed (refer to
Then, as seen in
Then, an SiO2 mask is formed only at portions at which the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B are to be formed [refer to
After the etching is performed in this manner, as seen in
Then, an SiO2 mask is formed at portions at which the optical waveguides 23, 24, 41 and 42 are to be formed, at portions at which the MMI couplers 21 and 22 are to be formed and at portions at which the SOAs 10A and 10B are to be formed [refer to
Then, a p-InP current block layer 67 (first current block layer) and an n-InP current block layer 68 (second current block layer) are grown on the opposite sides of the mesa structure, for example, by MOVPE or the like to forma current constriction structure as seen in
After the current constriction structure is formed in this manner, the SiO2 mask is removed, and a p-InP cladding layer 69 (for example, of a thickness of 3 μm) and an InGaAsP contact layer 70 (for example, of a light emission wavelength of 1.3 μm; for example, of a thickness of 100 nm) are grown at an upper portion thereby to complete the epitaxial growth as seen in
From the wafer on which the epitaxial growth is completed in this manner, the InGaAsP contact layer 70 is removed except at the portions at which the first SOA 10A and the second SOA 10B are to be formed and at the portion at which the phase shifter 60 is to be formed, and then a SiO2 film 71 is formed as seen in
Finally, anti-reflection coating is applied to the opposite side faces of the device after cleavage thereby to complete the optical integrated device.
Accordingly, according to the wavelength conversion system, optical integrated device and wavelength conversion method of the present embodiment, similar advantages to those of the first embodiment described herein above are achieved. Further, since the branching ratio adjustment section in the first embodiment described herein above need not be provided, further miniaturization can be anticipated.
It is to be noted that, while, in the present embodiment, the non-linear media 1A and 1B generate gains equal to each other (including a case wherein no gains are generated), the non-linear media are not limited to them. For example, non-linear media having different gains from each other may be provided while the branching ratio adjuster in the first embodiment described above is provided.
It is to be noted that the stacked structure and the production method of an optical integrated device are not limited to those of the embodiments described herein above. Further, while the embodiments described herein above use a mesa structure of the buried type, alternative structures such as a high mesa structure which does not involve such burying or a ridge structure may be used. Also in this instance, similar advantages to those described herein above can be achieved.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment specifically described above, and variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2005-258318 | Sep 2005 | JP | national |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11360662 | Feb 2006 | US |
Child | 12222696 | US |