Patent Application
20050002600
This invention relates to the field of DWDM fibre optics telecommunications and in particular to the field of all-optical switching.
The advent of DWDM fibre optics telecommunications systems in the early 1990s have enabled a dramatic increase in the transmission capacity over point-to-point links. This was achieved through multiplexing of a large number of individually modulated light beams of different wavelengths onto the same optical fibre. Typical systems installed today would have 64 or more independent channels precisely aligned onto an ITU-T standardized grid at 100 GHz, 50 GHz or even narrower channel spacing. With routine modulation speeds of 10 Gb/s and attaining 40 Gb/s in laboratory experiments, it is not unusual to obtain aggregated capacities in the order of several terabits per second of information being transmitted onto a single optical fibre (S. Bigo, Optical Fibre Communications conference, WX 3, pp. 362-364, Anaheim, 2002). At the same time, electrical switching capacities have been growing at a much slower rate, with current largest electrical switch matrices limited to typically 640 Gb/s in a single stage. Furthermore, the cost of converting the signal from optical to electrical for switching and then back from electrical to optical becomes prohibitively expensive as the number of optical channel increases. All optical switching technologies are therefore becoming more and more attractive to manage the enormous bandwidth being transmitted over optical fibres.
A typical all-optical switch would consist of a large core all-optical switch matrix surrounded by DWDM demultiplexers and multiplexers at each fibre interface. However, for large number of wavelengths channels per optical fibre, this leads to a very large switching core size: for example, a 50 GHz channel spacing system with 128 channels per fibre would require a 1024×1024 switching matrix to switch traffic between 8 incoming fibres to 8 outgoing fibres on a per wavelength basis. Large optical switching matrices are hard to fabricate, complex to control, require overwhelming fibre management and are very expensive. Furthermore, in the absence of wavelength conversion, only a sub-set of the switching matrix capacity is actually in use: each wavelength being switched independently, only 128 8×8 independent connections are used in the 1024×1024 available (0.8% of the overall switching capacity). This huge inefficiency is the primary reason for considering a wavelength switching architecture in which the DWDM demultiplexing and multiplexing are integrated with the switching function.
An example of a wavelength selective all-optical switch is called a wavelength selective cross-connect WSXC (R. E. Wagner, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 14, No. 6, June 1996, also U.S. Pat. No. 6,097,859) by Solgaard et al. Such a device generally has N incoming fibres and N outgoing fibres, each fibre being capable of transporting M wavelength channels. The WXC enables independent switching of each of the M wavelength channels from the N incoming fibres to the N outgoing fibres. It is functionally equivalent to an input array of N wavelength demultiplexers routed to an output array of N wavelength multiplexers through an array of M N×N optical switches. In such a WXC, there are M×N×N possible optical paths, which is exactly the required flexibility in the absence of wavelength conversion. For example, in the case mentioned above of a 128 channel system at 50 GHz spacing with 8 fibres in and 8 fibres out, the standard large optical core based switch would have over a million possible connections, whereas only 8192 are needed, which is exactly what the WXC architecture enables (128×8×8).
According to one broad aspect, the invention provides a wavelength cross connect comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; in a first plurality of optical ports a respective optical port positioned to input light onto/receive light from each of said first plurality of lenses; in a second plurality of optical ports a respective optical port positioned to input light onto/receive light from each of said second plurality of lenses; wherein light entering any of said first plurality of optical ports or said second plurality of ports is switchable to any of the first plurality of optical ports and any of said second plurality of optical ports.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are MEMS switching elements.
In some embodiments, each first bulk optical element is selected from a group consisting of a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive element is selected from a group consisting of: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides a wavelength cross connect comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first dispersive element at least part of which is substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second dispersive element at least part of which is substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; in a first plurality of optical ports a respective optical port positioned to input light onto/receive light from each of said first plurality of lenses; in a second plurality of optical ports a respective optical port positioned to input light onto/receive light from each of said second plurality of lenses; wherein light entering any of said first plurality of optical ports or said second plurality of ports is switchable to any of the first plurality of optical ports and any of said second plurality of optical ports.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are MEMS switching elements.
In some embodiments, each first bulk optical element is selected from a group consisting of a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive element is selected from a group consisting of: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides a wavelength cross connect comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of transmissive switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of transmissive switching elements controllable in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; in a first plurality of optical ports a respective optical port positioned to input light onto/receive light from each of said first plurality of lenses; in a second plurality of optical ports a respective optical port positioned to input light onto/receive light from each of said second plurality of lenses; wherein light entering any of said first plurality of optical ports or said second plurality of ports is switchable to any of the first plurality of optical ports and any of said second plurality of optical ports.
In some embodiments, the transmissive switching elements are one of a liquid crystal beam steering element, an acousto-optic beam deflector, part of a solid state phase array, a controllable hologram, and a periodically poled Lithium Niobate beam deflector.
In some embodiments, each first bulk optical element is selected from a group consisting of a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments the dispersive element is selected from a group consisting of: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides a wavelength cross connect comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first two dimensional array of optical ports; a second two dimensional array of optical ports; for each row of said first two dimensional array of optical ports, a respective first bulk optical element having optical power and having a fourth focal plane substantially coplanar with said first focal plane of said second plurality of lenses; for each row of said second two dimensional array of optical ports, a respective second bulk optical element having optical power and having a fifth focal plane substantially coplanar with said second focal plane of said first plurality of lenses; wherein each wavelength channel of a WDM signal entering at a port of said first array of optical ports is individually switchable to any of the port in first array of optical ports in a same row as the port where the WDM signal entered and any of the second array of optical ports through appropriate control of the array of switching elements.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are MEMS switching elements.
In some embodiments, each bulk optical element is a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive element is selected from a group comprising: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides a wavelength cross connect comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first two dimensional array of optical ports; a second two dimensional array of optical ports; a first bulk optical element having optical power and having a fourth focal plane substantially coplanar with said first focal plane of said second plurality of lenses; a second optical element having optical power and having a fifth focal plane substantially coplanar with said second focal plane of said first plurality of lenses; wherein each wavelength channel of a WDM signal entering at port of said first array of optical ports is individually switchable to any of the port in first array of optical ports in a same row as the port where the WDM signal entered and any of the second array of optical ports through appropriate control of the array of switching elements.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are MEMS switching elements.
In some embodiments, each bulk optical element is a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive element is selected from a group comprising: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides an arrangement comprising: a first two dimensional array of optical ports; a first two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements on a plurality of waveguide substrates, with one waveguide dispersive element per optical port in said first two dimensional array of optical ports, the first two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements collectively having a first output plane; for each row of said first two dimensional array of optical ports, a respective first bulk optical element having optical power and having a first focal plane substantially coplanar with said first output plane, and having a second focal plane; a first array of switching elements substantially in the second focal plane, each switching element being adapted to switch in both a horizontal and vertical direction; a second two dimensional array of optical ports; a second two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements on a plurality of waveguide substrates, with one waveguide dispersive element per optical port in said second two dimensional array of optical ports, the second two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements collectively having a second output plane; for each row of said second two dimensional array of optical ports, a respective second bulk optical element having optical power and having a fifth focal plane and having a sixth focal plane substantially coplanar with the second output plane; a second array of switching elements substantially in the fifth focal plane, each switching element being adapted to switch in both a horizontal and vertical direction; wherein each wavelength channel of a WDM signal entering at one of said first array of optical ports is individually switchable to any of the optical ports of the first array in a same row as the port through which the signal entered and any of the optical ports of the second array through appropriate control of the array of switching elements.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are MEMS switching elements.
In some embodiments, each bulk optical element having optical power is a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive elements comprise arrayed waveguide gratings or Echelle gratings.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides an arrangement comprising: a first two dimensional array of optical ports; a first two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements on a plurality of waveguide substrates, with one waveguide dispersive element per optical port in said first two dimensional array of optical ports, the first two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements collectively having a first output plane; a first bulk optical element having optical power and having a first focal plane substantially coplanar with said first output plane, and having a second focal plane; a first array of switching elements substantially in the second focal plane, each switching element being adapted to switch in both a horizontal and vertical direction; a second two dimensional array of optical ports; a second two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements on a plurality of waveguide substrates, with one waveguide dispersive element per optical port in said second two dimensional array of optical ports, the second two dimensional array of waveguide dispersive elements collectively having a second output plane; a second bulk optical element having optical power and having a fifth focal plane and having a sixth focal plane substantially coplanar with the second output plane; a second array of switching elements substantially in the fifth focal plane, each switching element being adapted to switch in both a horizontal and vertical direction; wherein each wavelength channel of a WDM signal entering at one of said first array of optical ports is individually switchable to any of the optical ports of the first array in a same row as the port through which the signal entered and any of the optical ports of the second array through appropriate control of the array of switching elements.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are MEMS switching elements.
In some embodiments, each bulk optical element having optical power is a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive elements comprise arrayed waveguide gratings or Echelle gratings.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides a wavelength cross connect comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of transmissive switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of transmissive switching elements controllable in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first two dimensional array of optical ports; a second two dimensional array of optical ports; for each row of said first two dimensional array of optical ports, a respective first bulk optical element having optical power and having a fourth focal plane substantially coplanar with said first focal plane of said second plurality of lenses; for each row of said second two dimensional array of optical ports, a respective second bulk optical element having optical power and having a fifth focal plane substantially coplanar with said second focal plane of said first plurality of lenses; wherein each wavelength channel of a WDM signal entering at port of said first array of optical ports is individually switchable to any of the port in first array of optical ports in a same row as the port where the WDM signal entered and any of the second array of optical ports through appropriate control of the array of switching elements.
In some embodiments, each bulk optical element a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive element is selected from a group comprising: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides a wavelength cross connect comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of transmissive switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of transmissive switching elements controllable in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first two dimensional array of optical ports; a second two dimensional array of optical ports; a first bulk optical element having optical power and having a fourth focal plane substantially coplanar with said first focal plane of said second plurality of lenses; a second optical element having optical power and having a fifth focal plane substantially coplanar with said second focal plane of said first plurality of lenses; wherein each wavelength channel of a WDM signal entering at port of said first array of optical ports is individually switchable to any of the port in first array of optical ports in a same row as the port where the WDM signal entered and any of the second array of optical ports through appropriate control of the array of switching elements.
In some embodiments, each bulk optical element a lens or a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive element is selected from a group comprising: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
According to another broad aspect, the invention provides an arrangement comprising: a first plurality of lenses stacked vertically; a second plurality of lenses stacked vertically, spaced from said first plurality of lenses, non-overlapping in vertical space with said first plurality of lenses; a first plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a first focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second plurality of dispersive elements, with one dispersive element substantially in a second focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first array of switching elements controllable in two directions, the first array being substantially in a second focal plane of each of said first plurality of lenses; a second array of switching elements controllabe in two directions, the second array being substantially in a first focal plane of each of said second plurality of lenses; a first plurality of two dimensional arrays of optical ports; a second plurality of two dimensional arrays of optical ports; for each two dimensional array of said first plurality of two dimensional arrays of optical ports, a respective first bulk optical element having optical power and having a fourth focal plane substantially coplanar with said first focal plane of said second plurality of lenses; for each two dimensional array of said second plurality of two dimensional arrays of optical ports, a respective second bulk optical element having optical power and having a fifth focal plane substantially coplanar with said second focal plane of said first plurality of lenses; wherein each wavelength channel of a WDM signal entering at one of said first plurality of arrays of optical ports is individually switchable to any of the first plurality of arrays of optical ports and any of the second plurality of arrays of optical ports through appropriate control of the array of switching elements.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are MEMS switching elements.
In some embodiments, the switching elements are transmissive.
In some embodiments, each bulk optical element is selected from a group consisting of a lens, a curved mirror, an assembly of lenses and mirrors, and an assembly of lenses, mirrors and a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the second bulk optical element is selected from a group consisting of a lens, a curved mirror, an assembly of lenses and mirrors, and an assembly of lenses, mirrors and a curved mirror.
In some embodiments, the dispersive element is selected from a group comprising: a diffraction grating, either reflection and transmission type, prisms.
The following detailed descriptions of FIGS. 1 to 11 are used to explain the mode of operation of the invention and describe the preferred embodiments are per the invention, but should not be understood in narrow terms. Some of the elements shown can be replaced by other realizations performing similar tasks. For example, wavelength dispersion can be realized through diffraction gratings (both reflection and transmission type) or prisms in free-space embodiments or through arrayed waveguide gratings or Echelle gratings in waveguide embodiments. Bulk optical elements having optical powers can be any of a lens, a curved mirror, or any suitable combination of optical elements, either spherical or cylindrical, that provide the appropriate optical function. The array of switching means can be either reflective (mirrors, tunable gratings, interferometric arrangements of fixed and movable membranes, etc.), with the best mode being micro-mirror arrays fabricated through micro-fabrication processes, or transmissive (liquid crystal, electro-holograms, optical phase arrays, tiltable micro-prisms or movable micro-lenses, etc.). An example of a liquid crystal based switch is shown in: Patel et al., Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 7, No. 5, May 1995. Waveguide and free space embodiments are possible to perform each of the dispersion and optical coupling steps, and any arbitrary appropriate combination can be employed. Although most of the descriptions will explain how to use arrangements as per the invention as a ROADM with multiple drop ports or ROADM/WXC with multiple drop ports, more generalization is possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, since light paths are bidirectional, drop ports can also be used as add ports or inputs for outputs. Furthermore, input or add and output or drop ports being essentially equivalent, their choice is arbitrary and should not limit the scope of the invention. Consistent choices will be made throughout the following for ease of description: unless otherwise specified, the middle port in a group of ports is used as input/output, while the remaining ports in the group are used as add/drop ports. However, this is completely arbitrary.
In the following description of all figures except 3D perspective views (
A group of 5 optical ports 10 is provided in the form of a linear array of optical fibres coupled to an array of micro-lenses 12 used to substantially collimate/focus the light beams from/to the optical fibres. In the cited reference, the middle fibre is used as an input port, while the 4 others are used as outputs, although light paths going from the middle fibre back to the middle fibre are possible when used in conjunction with an optical circulator (thus the denomination as a 1×5 arrangement).
In operation, a light beam containing multiple wavelengths is input through the middle optical port, is collimated by the middle micro-lens and is directed to a diffraction grating 14 through a telescope arrangement consisting of a coupling lens 16 and a main lens 18. After reflecting from the diffraction grating 14, the light beam is demultiplexed into a plurality of wavelength channels, each impinging on a corresponding MEMS switch element 20. This MEMS can tilt in the plane of the dispersion to route the wavelength channels to alternate locations on the diffraction grating 14. The images of these alternate locations through the telescope can be made to precisely align to one of the micro-lens, thus the wavelength channels is made to couple to a selectable optical port.
As is known to a person skilled in the art, off-axis aberrations in any optical system worsen dramatically as the field of view is increased. This is all the more true when the optical system is already working off-axis, which is the case in the dispersion plane because of the physical extent of the MEMS array 20. In the cited reference, increasing the number of optical ports would mean a bigger image for the telescope, and thus a bigger field of view for the main lens in particular. Therefore, the wavelength switch as per the prior art is limited to a small number of optical ports. Typically, no more than 8 ports can be arranged in such an optical system without generating excessive penalty in either optical performance (mainly insertion loss uniformity over wavelength) or size.
This dramatic increase in scalability in number of ports is achieved by using a two dimensional arrangement of optical ports consisting of a two dimensional array of fibres 30 connected to a two dimensional array of micro-lenses 32 to substantially collimate/focus light beams as they emerged/are coupled to the optical fibres and by using an array of MEMS switching elements 34 capable of directing light beams in both the plane of dispersion and the plane perpendicular to the plane of dispersion. In the example shown in
In operation, a light beam containing multiple wavelengths is input through the middle optical port, is collimated by the middle micro-lens and is directed to the diffraction through a telescope arrangement consisting of a coupling lens 36 and a main lens 38. After reflecting from a diffraction grating, the light beam is demultiplexed into a plurality of wavelength channels, each impinging on a corresponding MEMS switch element 34. This MEMS can tilt both in the plane of the dispersion and in the plane perpendicular to the dispersion plane to route the wavelength channels to alternate locations on the diffraction grating 40. The images of these alternate locations through the telescope can be made to precisely align to one of the micro-lens of the two dimensional array 32, thus each wavelength channel is made to couple to a selectable optical port.
Throughout this description, a wavelength channel is an arbitrary contiguous frequency band. A single wavelength channel might include one or more ITU wavelengths and intervening wavelengths for example. Even though the expression “λ” is referred to herein in respect of a wavelength channel, this is not intended to imply a wavelength channel is a single wavelength only.
By using a two dimensional arrangements of optical ports, the image formed on the grating 40 containing all possible alternate locations is small both in the dispersion plane and in the plane perpendicular to the dispersion plane. Compared to a prior art implementation as described in
Therefore, assuming that 8 ports was the practical limitations imposed by optical design on an implementation as per the prior art, the two,dimensional arrangement of optical ports provided by the invention would enable building a device of up to 1×64 ports or with a smaller number of ports but with improved optical performances and smaller size. These numerical values are for the purpose of explaining the improvement over the
This waveguide based dispersive element and the associated coupling optics necessary to use it are described in applicants co-pending applications 60/381,364 filed on May 20, 2003 and <attorney docket 50088-4> which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The arrangement of
In the example shown in
In operation, four light beams containing a plurality of wavelength channels are input to the WXC on the four input ports 42,44,46,48 (arbitrarily chosen as the left hand side top fibre stack in the figure). The four light beams travel through their respective main lens 80,82,84,86 to their respective diffraction grating 62,64,66,68 where they get demultiplexed into a respective plurality of wavelength channels. Each respective plurality of wavelength channels is routed to a corresponding first MEMS micro-mirror (one micro-mirror per input port and per wavelength channel) in the respective array 88,90,92,94 through their respective main lens 80,82,84,86. These MEMS micro-mirrors can establish an optical path to second MEMS micro-mirrors in arrays 96,98,100,102 of the second stack of dispersive arrangements. Each micro-mirror of the arrays 96,98,100,102 is then tilted such that each wavelength channel from each light beam is routed through their corresponding second main lens 70,72,76,78 to their corresponding second diffraction grating 54,56,58,60 where they get remultiplexed into four respective light beams. These four respective light beams are routed to the output optical ports 46,47,48,49 through their respective second main lens 70,72,74,76.
Another embodiment as per the invention but not shown uses transmissive switching means instead of MEMS micro-mirror arrays 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102. The embodiment would look like the below described
In another embodiment, the embodiment of
In the plane perpendicular to the dispersion plane, the integrated WXC/ROADM looks similar to a simple WXC (like
In operation, four light beams containing a plurality of wavelength channels are input to the WXC on the four input ports of the input group (arbitrarily chosen as the left hand side top fibre stack in the side view figure, middle column of the two dimensional array of optical ports). The four light beams are collimated by their respective micro-lenses corresponding to the middle column of the two dimensional micro-lens array and input to their respective dispersive arrangement. The four light beams travel through their respective main lens to their respective diffraction grating where they get demultiplexed into a respective plurality of wavelength channels. Each respective plurality of wavelength channels is routed to a corresponding first MEMS micro-mirror (one micro-mirror per input port and per wavelength channel) through their respective main lens. These MEMS micro-mirrors can establish an optical path to second MEMS micro-mirrors of the second stack of dispersive arrangements or send the light back towards their respective first dispersive arrangement.
For the beams being routed to these second MEMS elements, these second MEMS micro-mirrors are tilted such that each wavelength channel from each light beam is routed through their corresponding second main lens to their corresponding second diffraction grating where they get remultiplexed into four respective light beams. These four respective light beams are routed to the output optical ports through their respective second main lens.
For the beams being routed back towards their respective first dispersive arrangement, their corresponding first MEMS micro-mirror can be tilted in the dispersion plane to route the corresponding wavelength channel to alternate locations on their respective diffraction grating. As explained in the description of
Therefore, a function of simultaneously WXC (for the beams bouncing off first MEMS and second MEMS) and add/drop (for the beams bouncing off only first MEMS) is provided in a single device.
In another embodiment the tilt in the dispersion plane is provided with the second MEMS, not the first one, yielding different possible application.
In yet another embodiment as per the invention, the tilt is provided by either the first MEMS or the second MEMS depending on wavelength channels.
This arrangement consists of a first two dimensional array of waveguide based dispersive elements. These are realized through a stack of single dimensional arrays 200,204,206,208,210 each of which contains five waveguide dispersive elements. The waveguide dispersive elements 290,292,294,296,298 of array 200 are shown in the perspective view of
The different elements are arranged such that if a light beam containing a plurality of wavelength channels is input into one of the optical ports of the first stack of waveguide devices, it is dispersed by its respective waveguide dispersive elements into a plurality of light beams each containing a wavelength channel. These light beams are routed through the respective cylindrical lens and main cylindrical lens to a corresponding switching element (there is one switching element per wavelength channel per waveguide device in a stack). These switching elements can either send the light back towards their incoming waveguide device in the first stack, providing local add/drop ports or send the light towards a corresponding second switching element of the second stack of array of switching elements. These second switching elements can route the beams towards any of the optical ports of the corresponding waveguide device in the second stack.
Although in the figure there is provided a first array of main cylindrical lenses and a second array of main cylindrical lenses, it is apparent to a man skilled in the art that each of the lenses of the first and second array can be replaced by a single first and single second bigger main cylindrical lenses. The embodiment featuring the bigger main cylindrical lenses is shown in the perspective view of
The WXC/ROADM with large number of add/drop ports as per the invention consists of a first stack 900 and a second stack 902 of wavelength switch elements.
In what follows, only one element of each type of wavelength switch element is labelled.
Each wavelength switch element comprises a two dimensional arrangement of optical ports 904 coupled through a first lens 906 and a main lens 908 to a diffraction grating 910 and an array of switching elements 912. When a light beam containing a plurality of wavelength channels is coupled to any of the optical ports, it is dispersed by the diffraction grating into a plurality of optical beams each containing one wavelength channel. These optical beams are routed to a switching element of the switching array. The wavelength switch is arranged such that there is a fixed correspondence between the wavelength channel and the switching element for all possible optical ports. This is for example possible when the diffraction grating and the array of switching elements lie substantially in the focal planes of the main lens.
The two stacks of wavelength switch elements are arranged such that the switching elements of the first stack of wavelength switches can establish an optical path back to the corresponding wavelength switch of the first stack or to any other wavelength switch in the second stack and such that the switching elements of the second stack of wavelength switches can establish an optical path back to the corresponding wavelength switch of the second stack or to any other wavelength switch in the first stack.
In operation, a plurality of optical paths can be established through the WXC/ROADM device in which light can be routed from any optical ports of any of the wavelength switch from the first stack to any of the optical ports of the corresponding wavelength switch for local add/drop or routed to any of the optical ports of any of the wavelength switches from the second stack.
In the Figure, an example path is shown going from the middle port (3rd row and 3rd column) of the first of the left group of 2D arrangements of ports to the fourth row and fifth column of the first of the left group of the 2D arrangement of ports (black line turning into light grey line) and another example path is shown from the middle ports of the first of the left group of 2D arrangements of ports to the middle port of the third of the right group of 2D arrangement of ports.
The device consists of a first group 1000 and a second group 1002 of stacks of waveguide devices. Each waveguide device comprises an array of at least one waveguide based dispersive element. For each stack of waveguide device e.g. stack 1004, there is provided an array of switching elements 1010. For each waveguide device in each stack e.g. device 1006 of stack 1004, there is a corresponding cylindrical lens 1008 to collimate/focus light beams emitted/received from the waveguide device in the plane of the waveguide substrate and to create an optical path from the waveguide device to the array of switching elements corresponding to their stack. For each waveguide device, there is further provided a corresponding main cylindrical lens 1020 to focus/collimate light beams emitted/received from the waveguide device in the dispersion plane. These main cylindrical lenses can be replaced by a single bigger main cylindrical lens for each waveguide device or for each stack.
The first switching elements 1010 are arranged such that an optical path can be established from any of the optical ports of any waveguide device of any stacks of the first group 1000 to either any of the optical ports of any waveguide device in the same stack of the first group 1000 or to any of the optical ports of any waveguide device of any stacks of the second group 1002. The second switching elements 1012 are arranged such that an optical path can be established from any of the optical ports of any waveguide device of any stacks of the second group 1002 to either any of the optical ports of any waveguide device in the same stack of the second group 1002 or to any of the optical ports of any waveguide device of any stacks of the first group 1000.
The embodiments featuring waveguide dispersive elements are shown to include integrated port coupling optics. Alternatively, the coupling optics can be realized with separate micro-optics coupling schemes.
The invention is not intended to be limited to the above mentioned specific embodiments but should rather be understood as being within the scope of the appended claims.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA03/00750 | 5/20/2003 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60381376 | May 2002 | US |
