Patent Application
20190368836
The present invention relates to a weapon system which is provided with a volute groove or volute hole at the rear or tail of a projectile and is matched with a multi-section barrel, involving barrel weapons such as guns, cannons and the like as well as the field of military industry.
Currently, the vast majority of barrel weapon systems are basically rifled bore weapon systems, except for a few types of smooth bore weapons such as large caliber smooth bore guns.
The rifled bore weapon system makes the projectile rotate through the extrusion and friction of rifling with it, thus realizing the stability of the projectile in flight. But this method will inevitably produce severe friction and cutting between the projectile and the rifling, resulting in a decrease in the kinetic energy of the projectile exit. Meanwhile, the bulge of the rifling makes it difficult for the barrel to be sealed by the projectile or the bearing band, thus leaking propellant gas and further resulting in energy loss. Moreover, the bulge of the rifling also makes the barrel not high in bearing capacity, difficult to manufacture, high in cost and short in service life. Especially, the huge friction and cutting often make the barrel reddening easily during continuous firing. Once reddening, the rifling becomes soft and cannot continue cutting and squeezing the projectile, and as a result, the projectile cannot rotate, and the ballistic quality decreases rapidly.
Therefore, the present invention furnishes a technical scheme: through a weapon system which is provided with a volute groove or volute holes at the rear or tail of the projectile and is matched with a multi-section barrel, the projectile can spin through fluid-propelled, thus avoiding severe friction and cutting with rifling, enabling propellant energy to be converted into projectile kinetic energy as much as possible, reducing barrel cost, and increasing service life and fire durability.
Meanwhile, based on the current technical schemes of various shelled projectiles, a new type of shelled projectile, a shooting system and a shelling method are invented while combining them with the said technical schemes.
Currently, the projectile keeps its flying posture and reduces its resistance principally by rotation, while the projectile rotation only depends on the extrusion and friction of rifling. This method has various shortcomings, but it has been used for hundreds of years because it is difficult to find other ways to effectively rotate the projectile while ensuring sufficient initial speed.
The present invention attempts to adopt a new barrel structure, projectile structure and method, and by relying on the principle of fluid mechanics rather than the principle of mechanical action between barrel and projectile, allow fluid to propel and twist the projectile, and make the projectile to have sufficient advancing speed and rotating speed, so as to avoid energy loss resulting from severe friction, extrusion and cutting with rifling, lower the difficulty of barrel processing, decrease costs and prolong service life.
Simultaneously, since there is a huge interaction between the barrel and the projectile in the existing barrel weapon system, the interaction will not be released suddenly until the projectile is injected from the barrel orifice. The sudden change of the stress state of the projectile will often affect the motion posture and trajectory of the projectile, generate the intermediate trajectory, and further affect the accuracy of the point of impact. The present invention attempts to gradually release the stress state of the projectile through a new barrel structure, thereby avoiding the adverse influence on the posture and trajectory of the moving projectile caused by the sudden change of the stress state of the projectile, and reducing or even eliminating the intermediate trajectory. Moreover, the barrel structure can also release part of the fuel gas in advance, thus avoiding the disturbance of the reaction force on the barrel when a large amount of fuel gas is suddenly released centrally at the muzzle after being blocked by the projectile.
Besides, the tail through holes also furnish a new flight stability mode, which is a new flight stability mode apart from the two technical means of tail and rotation, and this stability mode of tail holes can be combined with the tail mode and rotation mode respectively to realize composite stability and improve stability efficiency. While as is known to all, it is usually difficult to combine the two stability modes of tail and rotation.
Apart from that, it is well known that for a one-section barrel with a consistent caliber widely used at present, when ammunition is determined, it is not that the longer the barrel, the longer the range, but when the length of the barrel exceeds a certain limit, the longer the barrel, the lower the range. Therefore, for a one-section barrel, a given ammunition can only form a fairly good match with a barrel with a certain length, and cannot be matched with a barrel with significant difference between the lengths of two barrels at the same time. If the match is forced, it is not so much that the ammunition can be matched with these two kinds of barrels at the same time as that it cannot be matched with these two kinds of barrels well. At present, gun unification has dominates the trend on a global scale, and it has become a global trend to uniformly supply ammunition with different barrel lengths and uses for the same gun unification. Under this situation, it has become a worldwide problem to adapt one ammunition to different barrel lengths. Since there is indeed a contradiction between one kind of ammunition and barrel of various lengths, the contradiction must be adjusted by introducing new variables, otherwise the problem cannot be solved by simply adjusting the performance of the ammunition. The present invention adjusts and determines the contradiction between ammunition and barrel of different lengths by introducing different barrel shapes, thus solving the problem of adaptation between one kind of ammunition and barrel of various lengths.
Furthermore, by solving the above-mentioned technical problems and combining the existing projectile sabot technology to form a taper sleeve structure by setting corresponding tapers in the projectile sabot cavity and the tail of the projectile core, a simpler shelled projectile, a shooting system and a direct backward shelling method are invented to further solve the problems of the current shelled projectile, which has complex projectile sabot, complex connection mode of projectile cores on the projectile sabot and complex shelling mode, resulting in high cost and affecting the accuracy of the projectile core.
The present invention principally includes:
1. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, wherein volute grooves or/and volute holes (or oblique holes) are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the said projectile or projectile core at the rear or tail of the projectile or projectile sabot, and the volute holes comprise through holes or/and blind holes. When the fluid passes through the said volute grooves or/and volute through holes, the said projectile is propelled to generate spinning.
The said volute grooves or volute holes are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the projectile or projectile core, and the number is 2 or more. Each surface of the volute grooves, including a pressure surface or a suction surface, can be a plane or a curved surface, and the said curved surface includes bending in one or more dimensions; the said volute hole is an inclined hole, and the cross section of the hole includes various forms, such as a circle, an ellipse or other forms. One orifice of the hole is at the bottom surface or the tail or the rear side surface of the projectile. When passing through the projectile and passing through another part, the volute through holes is formed, and when not passing through, the volute blind hole is formed. The axis of the hole is bifacial with the axis of the projectile and forms an angle, and if necessary, the angle can be zero degree, and then the axis of the hole is coplanar with the axis of the projectile. The form includes a straight hole or a curved hole, i.e., the axis is a straight line or a curve, and the curve may be a bend in one or more dimensions, i.e., the bend of the bending hole includes a bend in one or more dimensions;
The diameters of various parts of the volute hole can be varied. The said projectile includes various bullets and shells, as well as torpedoes and missiles propelled and fired by various fluids.
2. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, comprising a filler to block the said volute grooves or volute through holes; the said filler can be rapidly decomposed at high temperature to unblock the said volute grooves or volute through holes and guide fluid, such as propellant gas, to pass therethrough to propel and twist the projectile; or energetic materials are arranged in the said volute blind holes, and the burning rate of the said energetic materials is not higher than the propellant used by the projectile so as to continuously burn and inject gas and thus propel and twist the projectile.
3. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, comprising a passive armor layer and a steel core, or only a steel core, namely the so-called all-steel projectile.
4. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, wherein part or all of the said steel core or all-steel projectiles are subject to treatment; the said treatment including one or more of cladding, coating and heat treatment, which is used to change the properties of the steel core surface, including one or more of plasticity, elasticity, tightness, degree of finish, friction coefficient and corrosion resistance.
5. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, wherein, on the projectile surface, one or more bearing bands or bulges similar to the bearing bands are arranged around an axis, volute grooves or volute through holes symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the said projectile axis are positioned at the rear of the bearing bands or bulges, or pass through all or part of the bearing bands or bulges from below.
6. A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, wherein, in the said volute grooves or volute through holes, it blocks the said volute grooves or volute through holes by squeezing the bearing band; when the said bearing band is recovered, the said volute grooves or volute through holes are unblocked, and fluid flows through the said volute grooves or volute through holes to propel the projectile forward or rotate.
7. A multi-section barrel or varied-diameter barrel, comprising Section A and Section B or/and Section C, or Section B, or Section B and Section C; the Section A, Section B and Section C are rifled bore barrels or smooth bore barrels, the said Section A forms a tight fit with some or all of the projectiles, including interference fit; the diameter of the said Section C is larger than that of the said Section A, and forms clearance fit with some or all of the said projectile, and the diameter of the said Section B gradually increases.
The said Section A may also be referred to as a precursor section, the said Section B may also be called as a transition section, and the said Section C may also be named as a twisting section or a clearance fit section.
The transition between the said precursor section and the twisting section may be a step transition, a slope transition, an arc-shaped surface transition, or another curved surface transition to gradually enlarge the diameter of the barrel. The above-mentioned various transitions refer to the curve of the transition section in the cross-axis section of the said transition section, which is simply referred to as the transition curve, presenting a step, a slop, an arc, or another curve.
The length of the said transition section can be selected based on needs and relevant calculations and experiments, which may be either very long or very short. The said transition section can be very long up to the vicinity of the orifice of the barrel. If necessary, the barrel can also include only the precursor section and the transition section.
8. A multi-section barrel, wherein a throat shrinkage section of it can be followed by a throat section after Section A. The said throat shrinkage section refers to that the diameter of the barrel is first reduced, then restored or continuously expanded.
9. A weapon system using a smooth bore barrel and a fluid to propel spinning projectile, comprising a fluid-propelled spinning projectile and a smooth bore barrel; the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile is fired through the said smooth bore barrel, and the said smooth bore barrel comprises a fixed-diameter smooth bore barrel or a multi-section smooth bore barrel.
10. A weapon system using a rifled bore barrel and a fluid-propelled spinning projectile, comprising a fluid-propelled spinning projectile and a rifled bore barrel; the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile is fired through the said rifled bore barrel, and the said smooth bore barrel comprises a fixed-diameter smooth bore barrel or a multi-section smooth bore barrel.
11. A weapon system using a multi-section barrel to fire non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, comprising a multi-section barrel and non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, wherein the said non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are fired through the said multi-section barrel, and the said non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles comprise gun projectiles of various calibers which are fired by the barrel, rotate by rifling, as well as projectiles which are stabilized by tail fins without rotation, such as projectiles of tail fin-stabilized shelled projectiles and the like.
12. A weapon system for firing fluid-propelled spinning projectiles through a multi-section barrel, including a barrel and projectiles, wherein the barrel is a multi-section barrel, the projectiles are fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, and the said fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are fired through the said multi-section barrel.
13. A weapon system for firing fluid-propelled spinning projectiles through a multi-section barrel, wherein volute through holes or volute blind holes on the said fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are one or a combination of volute grooves, volute through holes and volute blind holes, and one or more of volute grooves, volute through holes and volute blind holes can be combined on a projectile.
14. A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled ammunition, comprising a projectile sabot and a projectile core, wherein,
the tail of the said projectile core is a taper with a thick front and a thin rear, or a tapered frustum with a thick front and a thin rear;
The said projectile sabot is symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the said projectile core or the axis of the projectile sabot, and the whole projectile sabot is hollow or cup-shaped and comprises a bottom-leaking cup-shaped one and a hollow or cup-shaped one, wherein the hollow part of the bottom-leaking cup-shaped one is provided with a taper with a thick front and a thin rear corresponding to the tail of the projectile core; the said projectile sabot is sleeved on the projectile core from rear to front like a taper sleeve, and is shelled to the rear of the projectile core after being unloaded from the bore; and the bottom-leaking cup-shaped structure refers to that there are through holes or grooves for air permeability at the bottom of the cup.
A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled ammunition, comprising:
A projectile sabot and a projectile core, wherein the rear or tail of the projectile sabot is symmetrically or uniformly provided with volute grooves or/and volute holes around the axis of the projectile or the projectile core.
The said volute holes comprise volute through holes or/and volute blind holes which are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the projectile or the said projectile sabot. The arrangement mode of the said volute grooves or volute holes is the same as the before-mentioned modes, and the number of the volute grooves or volute holes is 2 or more. The pressure surface and the suction surface of the volute grooves can both be planar or curved surfaces; the said curved surface includes a bend in one or more dimensions; the said volute holes may be 2 or more in the form of straight holes or curved holes, and the bending of the curved holes includes bending in one or more dimensions.
16. A spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled ammunition, comprising a projectile sabot and a projectile core, wherein there is a binder between the projectile sabot and the projectile core, including an energetic binder, and the adhesive strength of the said binder is relatively small or rapidly decreases or disappears at high temperatures.
The whole of the said projectile sabot is hollow or cup-shaped, including a bottom-leaking cup-shaped one, and the hollow part of the said projectile sabot is provided with a taper with a thick front and a thin rear corresponding to the tail of the projectile core.
At this time, the bottom of the cup can bear the thrust of propellant gas to propel the projectile core, and the bottom can also be provided with air-permeable through holes or grids to prevent vacuum from being generated between the said projectile sabot and the said projectile core during shelling, thus affecting the smooth shelling.
17. A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile, wherein the bottom or/and the walls of the projectile sabot are made of elastic materials.
When a cup-shaped structure is adopted, including a bottom-leaking cup-shaped structure, elastic materials can also be used for the bottom or/and the walls of the projectile sabot, so that in the process of propelling the projectile core by the projectile sabot in the bore, the bottom of the projectile sabot generates compressive stress, the projectile sabot generates deformation, the gas thrust disappears after being discharged from the bore, the pressure between the bottom of the projectile sabot and the projectile core and the deformation of the projectile sabot still exist, so that the projectile sabot and the projectile core can propel each other, while the bottom of the projectile sabot propels the projectile core forward, the projectile sabot shells backward, like a catapult ejecting projectiles and completing the shelling together with wind resistance.
18. A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile, wherein there are pits at the bottom of the said projectile core, and bulges at the bottom of the projectile sabot to push into the pits.
19. A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile, wherein the pit at the bottom of the projectile core has a taper, and the bulge at the bottom of the said projectile sabot has a taper corresponding to the pit of the projectile core; or keys and keyways or similar bulges and grooves are arranged on the surfaces of the said bulges and pits; or the said pits and bulges are processed into a cylindrical shape, and internal or external guide splines or similar structures are set on the cylindrical pits and bulges, the said internal and external guide splines move relatively for a limited position along the axial direction, and can be freely pulled out when moving reversely along the axial direction; or air-leakage through holes or grooves are further arranged on the bulges at the bottom of the said projectile sabot, and the said internal and external guide splines can also be processed with taper, so that the projectile sabot can be pulled out in reverse motion and has a limited position in relative motion.
20. A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile, wherein there are two or more pits at the bottom of the said projectile core and bulges at the bottom of the projectile sabot, which are uniformly or symmetrically arranged around the axis of the said projectile core or projectile, and each bulge at the bottom of the said projectile sabot corresponds to a pit at the bottom of the said projectile core, or air-permeable through holes or grooves are further arranged on the bulges at the bottom of the said projectile sabot.
When the cup-shaped structure including the bottom-leaking cup-shaped structure is adopted, bulges and grooves of similar keys and keyways are arranged on the surfaces of the bulges and pits to prevent slippage between the projectile core and the projectile sabot and smoothly twist the projectile core. The conical tail shelled projectile has the advantages that the stressed bulges or grooves, including the volute grooves and volute holes, are all in the pits at the bottom of the projectile core or on the projectile sabot, so that the surface structure of the projectile core is not damaged while ensuring the smooth twist of the projectile core, maintaining the aerodynamic shape of the projectile core to the maximum extent and securing the range and precision of the projectile core.
21. A fluid-propelled spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile weapon system, comprising a multi-section barrel, and a spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile.
22. A weapon system for firing sub-caliber non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles with spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectiles, comprising a multi-section barrel and a spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile, wherein the core of the said spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectile comprises non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles of various sub-calibers.
23. A projectile spinning method, comprising fluid-propelled spinning projectiles; the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile is propelled or/and twisted by the said fluid flowing through the volute groove or/and volute holes on the spinning projectile.
24. A projectile spinning method, wherein,
a fluid-propelled spinning projectile, enabling propellant energy to be distributed between precursor energy and rotation energy of the projectile or/and determining the rotation direction of the projectile by selecting parameters of the fluid-propelled spinning projectile.
Parameters of the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile include, without limitation, one or more of the number, diameter, height, length, various inclination angles, radians, curvatures, shapes and positions of volute grooves or volute holes.
A multi-section barrel method, comprising Section A, Section B or/and Section C or Section B or Section B and Section C; Section A, Section B and Section C are rifled bore barrels or smooth bore barrels; the said Section A forms a tight fit with some or all of the projectiles used, including interference fit; the diameter of the said Section C is larger than that of the said Section A, and forms clearance fit with some or all of the said projectiles; and the diameter of the said Section B gradually increases.
A multi-section barrel method, wherein by selecting the parameters of a multi-section barrel, the propellant energy is distributed between the precursor energy and the rotation energy of the projectile, or the resistance and the twisting force generated by the fluid during the flight of the projectile are adjusted, or/and the rotation direction of the projectile is determined;
The parameters of the said multi-section barrel include, but are not limited to, one or more of the total length of the barrel, the length of the precursor section, the length of the twisting section, the length of the transition section, the transition curve, and the size and shape of throat shrinkage.
27. A shelling method for spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectiles, wherein
1) The tail of the said projectile core is a taper with a thick front and a thin rear, or a tapered frustum with a thick front and a thin rear;
2) The said projectile sabot is symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the said projectile core or the projectile axis, and the whole projectile sabot is hollow or cup-shaped and comprises bottom-leaking cup-shaped and hollow or cup-shaped ones, and the hollow part comprising the bottom-leaking cup-shaped one is provided with a taper with a thick front and a thin rear corresponding to the tail of the said projectile core;
3) The said projectile sabot is like a taper sleeve, which is sleeved on the said projectile core from rear to front and shelled to the rear after being unloaded from the bore.
The length and taper of the tapered part of the projectile core and the projectile sabot can be set based on needs to ensure that the contact surface between the projectile sabot and the projectile core has enough friction force so as to facilitate the projectile sabot to smoothly twist the projectile core.
28. A shelling method for spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectiles, wherein
The rear or tail of the said projectile sabot is symmetrically or uniformly provided with volute grooves or volute holes around the axis of the projectile core or the projectile axis.
The projectile sabot is symmetrically designed around the axis, a projectile or a projectile core axis at the bottom or the rear is taken as the center, 2 or more volute grooves or volute holes are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the projectile or the projectile core axis in the manner described above, and the pressure surface and the suction surface of the volute grooves can be both planar or curved surfaces; the said volute through holes can be two or more, and the form includes straight holes or curved holes, and the bending of the curved holes includes bending in one or more dimensions.
When the projectile is in the bore, due to the propelling of the closed propellant, the projectile sabot is tightly pressed on the projectile core like a taper sleeve, and the projectile core is twisted through the friction force between the projectile sabot and the projectile core when passing through the twisting section;
When the projectile leaves the gun muzzle, as the wind resistance of the projectile sabot is much larger than that of the projectile core, all the existing projectile sabots have various joyriding designs at present, and due to the symmetry of the projectile sabot, the projectile sabot can move towards the rear of the projectile core, thereby realizing shelling; and besides, because of the taper with a thick front and a thin rear, the shelling process has little influence on the projectile core. The said front and the rear of the present invention, except for special points, all take the warhead as the front and the projectile bottom as the rear.
29. A shelling method for spin-stabilized cone-tail shelling projectiles, wherein there is a binder arranged between the said projectile sabot and the said projectile core, and the adhesive strength of the said binder can be rapidly reduced or disappeared at high temperature. On the one hand, the method facilitates transportation, and on the other hand, the shelling will not be affected.
A shelling method for spin-stabilized cone-tail shelled projectiles, wherein there are pits at the bottom of the said projectile core, and bulges at the bottom of the projectile sabot to push into the pits. The said projectile sabot adopts a hollow structure and a cup-shaped structure, including a bottom-leaking cup-shaped structure or a pushpin-shaped structure. The said projectile sabot is arranged on the said projectile core from rear to front, and shelling is completed from front to rear after it is unloaded from the bore.
A method for firing fluid-propelled spinning projectiles by using a smooth bore barrel, comprising fluid-propelled spinning projectiles and a smooth bore barrel, wherein the said fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are fired through the said smooth bore barrel, and the said smooth bore barrel comprises a fixed-diameter smooth bore barrel or a varied-diameter smooth bore barrel.
32. A method for firing fluid-propelled spinning projectiles with a rifled bore barrel, comprising fluid-propelled spinning projectiles and a rifled bore barrel; the said fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are fired through the rifled bore barrel; and the said rifled bore barrel comprises a fixed-diameter rifled bore barrel or a varied-diameter rifled bore barrel.
33. A method for firing fluid-propelled spinning projectiles by adopting a multi-section barrel, wherein it fires the said fluid-propelled spinning projectiles through a varied-diameter barrel.
34. A method for firing non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles by using a multi-section barrel, comprising a multi-section barrel and non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, wherein the said multi-section barrel is used to fire the said non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, and the said non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles comprise gun and cannon projectiles of various calibers which are fired by the barrel, rotate by rifling, and projectiles which are stabilized by a tail fin without rotation, such as projectiles of tail fin-stabilized shelled projectiles, etc.
35. A system of tailhole stabilization, wherein at the rear or tail of an aircraft, volute grooves or/and volute through holes are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the aircraft core, and the flight posture is stabilized by the action generated by fluid flowing through the said volute grooves or/and volute through holes, the said volute grooves or/and volute through holes are 2 or more, and the said aircraft is an object moving in a flow field.
36. A method of tailhole stabilization, wherein at the rear or tail of an aircraft, volute grooves or/and volute through holes are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the aircraft core, and the flight posture is stabilized by the action generated by fluid flowing through the said volute grooves or/and volute through holes, the said volute grooves or/and volute through holes are 2 or more, and the said aircraft is an object moving in a flow field.
When the volute grooves or volute holes are volute through holes, in the inner trajectory part, in the precursor section of the multi-section smooth bore barrel, at least a part of the projectile and the barrel are tightly matched, including interference fit, so that propellant gas can be sealed to obtain sufficient precursor speed; in the twisting section, the projectile and at least a part of the barrel are in clearance fit, the propellant gas flow can flow through each volute groove or each volute through hole, and the axial force generated by it and the barrel are in the same direction and propel the projectile forward together; the radial forces generated by the projectiles cancel each other out, and the circumferential forces generated by the projectiles overlap each other, so that the projectiles rotate around their axes in one direction, thus realizing the spinning of the projectiles, which can be levorotatory or dextrorotatory. In the outer trajectory part, the surface airflow of the projectiles flows through the said volute grooves or volute through holes from front to rear, or the projectiles can be twisted, and two methods can be selected based on needs.
When the said volute hole is a blind hole, only the rear end has an orifice, and the blind hole is filled with energetic materials with a burning rate not higher than the burning rate of the propellant used for firing the projectiles, including gunpowder. The said energetic materials can be fixed in the blind hole by a binder, preferably an energetic binder, such as collodion, etc. After firing, the energetic materials in the blind hole can continuously burn, which can not merely propel the projectile forward in the driving section, but twist the projectile in the twisting section. After exiting the bore, the projectile can also be twisted, and the generated gas can supplement the vacuum behind the projectile and reduce the pressure drag before and after the projectile.
Generally speaking, the specific beneficial technical effects of the technical scheme include one or more of the following contents:
1. As the interaction between the barrel and the projectile is significantly reduced compared to the one-section smooth bore barrel or the one-section rifled bore barrel, whether it is a multi-section smooth bore barrel or a multi-section rifled bore barrel, the energy of propellant gas can be more converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile, thus improving the range under the same powder charge; therein, the multi-section rifled bore barrel can also be directly compatible with fluid-propelled spinning projectiles and various existing projectiles, and enhance the performance of existing projectiles.
2. The anti-pressure capability of the smooth bore barrel is far higher than that of the rifled bore barrel, which is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the barrel and developing more powerful ammunition, and the manufacturing difficulty of the smooth bore barrel is reduced with low costs and long service life;
3. It is only necessary to replace the multi-section rifled bore barrel for the existing weapon system, which can make the existing ammunition have a longer range and higher precision without any changes to the existing ammunition;
4. Since the interaction between the barrel and the projectile is significantly reduced compared to that of the one-section smooth bore barrel or the one-section rifled bore barrel, the barrel heating will be significantly reduced, especially when firing continuously, the barrel is not easy to redden, and even if reddened, the impact on the trajectory will be smaller, and the firepower continuity will be better. The multi-section smooth bore barrel is especially obvious, which is especially important for the long-term continuous firing of machine guns, machine guns and other repressive weapons;
5. As the effect with the projectile is reduced, the heat generation is reduced, and the clearance at the rear end of the barrel is increased, which is also helpful for heat dissipation, so it can reduce the probability of problems such as copper hanging, carbon deposition and the like, and make maintenance simpler and easier;
6. As the interaction with the projectile is significantly reduced, especially for the multi-section smooth bore barrel, the acting force between the barrel and the projectile is more stable, and it is no longer the alternating force between the rifled barrel and the projectile, so the muzzle jump during firing will be significantly reduced, especially for continuous firing, so the firing precision will be higher than that of the existing one-section smooth bore barrel weapon, and the muzzle stability during such firing is pretty valuable for automatic weapons;
7. When the multi-section smooth bore barrel and fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are simultaneously used, and when the projectiles are twisted through the external ballistic airflow, the multi-section smooth bore barrel has no rifling but smooth inner walls, so only the precursor section interacts with the projectiles, and the acting force is far less than that of the rifled bore barrel, and meantime, the inner walls of the barrel coincide with the shape of the projectiles, so the propellant gas can be sealed without large deformation, thus the structural requirement on the projectile becomes simple. The related processes and materials of lead sleeve can be omitted, only the contact part with the bore walls needs to be armored, covered, coated or subjected to heat treatment on the projectiles, and even pure-steel projectiles can be directly used, thereby obviously reducing the cost and improving the productivity;
Under the condition of low requirements, it may even be considered to use a solid pure steel projectile without armor only to perform heat treatment to increase plasticity, or only to perform all or part of coating treatment on the pure-steel projectile, such as copper. Meanwhile, as there is no severe interaction with rifling, the armor and coating materials do not need to emphasize plasticity as common armor materials, the material selection range is wider, which may further reduce costs;
8. As the fluid-propelled spinning projectile has the spinning capability, when the technical scheme is applied to shelled projectiles, the tail fin is not required to be stable, so the shelling method can directly shell from the right rear by utilizing the taper and wind resistance of the projectile core, which will greatly simplify the structure of the projectile sabot, simplify the shelling method, and significantly reduce the influence of the shelling process on the projectile core. At the same time, since the volute grooves and volute holes are both on the projectile sabot, the shape of the projectile core may not be affected, or only there are pits on the bottom surface of the projectile core, so the projectile core can maintain good aerodynamic performance, and the pits at the bottom can also improve tail turbulence and reduce front and rear pressure drag, and also use large-caliber propellant and barrel to fire sub-caliber ammunition, thus obtaining great range, especially suitable for weapon systems such as machine guns, machine cannons, anti-aircraft guns, long-distance sniping and anti-equipment that pursue range;
9. The volute grooves or volute through-hole projectiles can be compatible with the existing one-section rifled bore weapons simultaneously, and the through holes or volute grooves are favorable for guiding the boundary layer airflow to the vacuum at the rear of the projectiles, thereby reducing the front and rear pressure drag of the projectiles, and the airflow can also stabilize the rotation speed of the projectiles;
10. In theory, large-caliber barrel and propellant can be used to fire various existing standard projectiles of any sub-caliber and various non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles by shelling.
11. For sectional rifled bore barrel or smooth bore barrel, the interaction between barrel and projectile can be gradually reduced to release stress by gradually expanding the diameter of barrel through transition section, thus avoiding disturbance to projectile posture resulting from sudden disappearance of the acting force between barrel and rifling when projectile is finally discharged from the bore and sudden change of projectile stress occurs, improving precision and reducing dispersion of points of impact;
12. For sectional rifled bore barrel or smooth bore barrel, a part of fuel gas can be released in advance through the clearance fit section to avoid a large amount of fuel gas, which reduces the influence of propellant gas after effect on the posture of the projectile exiting the bore when it is suddenly released at the muzzle after being blocked by the projectile;
13. Wide applicability. The technical scheme can be applied to barrel weapons of various calibers, including guns, cannons, phalanxes, etc.;
14. As the effect of the projectile and barrel is greatly reduced, there is no notch cut by rifling on the surface of the projectile. This notch often penetrates into the surface of the projectile and is extremely irregular as well, which not merely increases the wind resistance but affects the precision of the points of impact. When multi-section smooth bore barrel and fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are used, the surface of the projectile is especially complete;
15. The fluid-propelled spinning projectile can twist the projectile through the external ballistic airflow, so the internal ballistic propellant gas can be more used to raise the initial speed of the projectile, and when matched with the smooth bore barrel, especially the multi-section smooth bore barrel, the speed is increased to a higher extent;
16. By adjusting the barrel shapes of numerous different weapon systems that need unified ammunition supply, a given ammunition can be better matched with many weapons with different barrel lengths and different purposes simultaneously, thus solving the problem of unified ammunition supply.
17. Tail hole stabilization furnishes a new method of flight stabilization, and this method of stabilization can be combined with the modes of tail fin and rotation respectively to form composite stabilization and increase stabilization effect. And it is well known that the modes of tail fin stabilization and rotation stabilization are usually difficult to combine.
There are altogether 28 attached drawings in this Instruction, of which
The main body of the technical scheme includes the following parts, one is the barrel, the other is the projectile, and the projectile sabot and its connection with the projectile core, which are explained one by one with the attached schematic diagrams.
Statement: to avoid being too complicated and affecting the reading of the drawings by those skilled in the field, some parts that are known in the field and do not belong to the inventive content of this patent, such as the depression in front of the projectile sabot for joyriding, etc., are omitted in the following drawings.
The multi-section barrel comprises a precursor section and a transition section or/and a twisting section, wherein the three sections are rifled bore barrels or smooth bore barrels; part or all of the said precursor section and the projectile are in tight fit, including interference fit; the diameter of the said twisting section is larger than that of the said precursor section and is in clearance fit with part or all of the projectile; and the diameter of the said transition section gradually becomes larger.
The said twisting section can also be called a clearance fit section. Usually, the said transition section is initially between the said precursor section and the said twisting section, but it can also form a complete barrel with the precursor section only.
Specifically including, without limitation, at least the following several typical barrel implementation ways:
1) Smooth bore precursor section+smooth bore transition section;
2) Smooth bore precursor section+smooth bore twisting section;
3) Smooth bore precursor section+smooth bore transition section+smooth bore twisting section;
4) Rifled bore precursor section+rifled bore transition section;
5) Rifled bore precursor section+rifled bore clearance fit section;
6) Rifled bore precursor section+rifled bore transition section+rifled bore clearance fit section.
8) Rifled bore transition section;
9) Rifled bore transition section+rifled bore clearance fit section;
10) Smooth bore transition section;
11) Smooth bore transition section+smooth bore clearance fit section;
That is, as mentioned in the previous technical scheme, the parameters such as the length of the three sections can be adjusted and taken as zero when necessary, and technicians in this field can select different technical schemes to implement based on needs.
At the same time, in each scheme, after the precursor section or before the transition section, another throat shrinkage section can be followed, that is, the diameter of the barrel is reduced and then expanded.
For the smooth bore barrel, when passing through the precursor section, the projectile seals the propellant gas to make precursor acceleration to the projectile, and when passing through the twisting section, the propellant gas flows through the volute grooves or volute through holes on the projectile or the projectile sabot to make precursor acceleration and twist acceleration to the projectile simultaneously. The transition between the said precursor section and the twisting section may be a step transition, a slope surface transition, an arc surface transition, or another curved surface transition, which makes the diameter of the barrel gradually expand. The above-mentioned transitions refer to that in the cross-sectional views of the transition part along the axis, the curve of the transition part is simply referred to as the transition curve, presenting steps, straight lines, arcs, or any other curves.
For the rifled bore barrel, when the projectile passes through the precursor section, it is no different from the existing rifled bore barrel weapon, while in the transition section, as the diameter of the barrel gradually increases, the acting force among the rifling, the barrel and the projectile gradually decreases, thus avoiding the vibration resulting from the sudden change of the stress of the projectile when the projectile finally exits the bore, so as to improve the precision and reduce the dispersion of points of impact. At the same time, a part of propellant gas can also be gradually released in the clearance fit section to avoid the disturbance of the reaction force on the barrel due to the sudden release and expansion of the gas blocked by the projectile at the barrel orifice as the projectile leaves the bore.
The main function of the transition section is to gradually reduce the interaction between the barrel and the projectile, and to decrease the impact of sudden changes in projectile stress on the motion posture of the projectile, regardless of whether to the smooth bore barrel or rifled bore barrel.
As shown in
Although the above diagrams display the situation of smooth bore barrel, they are also applicable to rifled bore barrel.
The length of the transition section can be selected based on needs and relevant calculations and experiments, and can be very long or very short. If necessary, the said transition section can be very long up to the vicinity of the barrel orifice. The barrel can also include only a precursor section and a transition section.
A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, wherein at the tail of the projectile, two or more volute grooves or volute holes are symmetrically or uniformly arranged around the axis of the projectile, including through holes or blind holes, the said volute grooves can be straight or curved surfaces, and the said curved surfaces can include bending in one or more dimensions. The said volute holes are inclined holes, one of which is opened at the bottom surface or the side surface of the projectile. The one is a through hole after passing through the projectile, and otherwise, it is a blind hole whose axis is bifacial from the projectile axis and forms an angle, and its form includes straight hole or curved hole, and the bending of curved hole includes bending of one or more dimensions;
Simultaneously, further smooth and transitional treatment can be conducted between each surface of the volute groove, especially between the bottom surface and the vertical surface and at each orifice of each volute through hole, so as to guide the axially flowing fluid, including propellant gas, to the radial direction.
A fluid-propelled spinning projectile, comprising an armor or bullet shell and a steel core, or only a steel core, i.e. pure steel projectile, or to clad or coat the steel core or to give heat treatment to change one or more of its plasticity, elasticity, air tightness, degree of finish, friction coefficient and other properties. When used for a sectional smooth bore barrel, the acting force is far less than that of a conventional bore barrel due to no rifling but smooth inner walls. Besides, the inner walls of the barrel fit the shape of the projectile, and the propellant gas can be sealed without large deformation. Therefore, the structural requirements of the projectile can be simplified, and the related processes and materials of lead sleeve can be omitted, only the contact part with the bore walls needs to be armored, covered, coated on the projectiles.
If the requirements are not high, even pure steel pellets can be directly used, or only part or all of the pure-steel projectile can be treated, and the said treatment includes one or more of heat treatment, coating and cladding.
Since there is additional power in the blind hole to twist the projectile at this time, and it continues to twist the projectile even after leaving the bore, the length of the twisting section can be compressed, and the length of the precursor section can be increased to obtain higher kinetic energy of the projectile outlet. If necessary, the twisting section can be eliminated, and even the transition section can be further compressed to a minimum. This volute blind hole projectile can also be directly used in existing pure rifled bore barrel or pure smooth bore barrel weapons.
These volute blind holes, volute through holes and volute grooves can also be used in combination with the above schemes, i.e. one or more of volute through holes, blind holes and volute grooves exist simultaneously on the projectile.
For projectiles with bearing bands, the volute grooves or volute holes may not pass through the bearing bands, cut off behind them, or pass through all or part of the bearing bands from below the bearing bands.
In the two figures, 1 is an bearing band, 2 is an bearing band, 3 is a volute through hole, and 4 is a volute through hole.
When the multi-section barrel is used to fire the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile, the projectile firstly passes through the precursor section of the barrel, and at least a part of the projectile in this section is tightly fit with the barrel, including interference fit, so the projectile is tightly fit with the bore wall, sealing the propellant gas, forcing the gas to propel the projectile to accelerate forward movement in the barrel. When entering the twisting section, at least a part of the projectile is in clearance fit with the bore wall, and the airflow enters the clearance and flows out through the volute grooves or volute through holes, thus driving the projectile to accelerate forward on the one hand and accelerate rotation on the other hand.
As the extrusion and friction between the smooth bore barrel and the projectile are much smaller than that of the rifling, the length of the barrel required for the smooth bore barrel to reach the same advancing speed is lower for ammunition with the same caliber and propellant. Therefore, for a weapon system using a multi-section barrel to fire the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile, there must be a specific precursor section length. At the end of this section, the precursor speed of the projectile is equal to the exit speed of rifled bore weapons with the same caliber, the same propellant and the same projectile shape, and the length of the precursor section is obviously smaller than the total length of the barrel of the rifled bore weapons with the same caliber. Therefore, the length can be set as the reference length of the precursor section and adjusted as necessary, so that the propellant energy can be reasonably distributed between the precursor energy and the rotational energy of the projectile, and the precursor section can be zero if necessary.
On the one hand, when the total length of the barrel and other factors are fixed, the longer the precursor section, the higher the precursor speed of the projectile, and the lower the rotational speed; the longer the twisting section, the lower the precursor speed, and the higher the rotational speed. In the meanwhile, when the total length of the barrel is fixed, the lengths of these two sections tend to be one another, thus the influence becomes more obvious. On the other hand, the higher the speed, the greater the wind resistance of the projectile, the more the gas flow can flow through the volute through holes and volute grooves, thus twisting the projectile.
Therefore, various parameters, including the number, diameter, height, length, various inclinations, radians, curvatures and shapes of the volute grooves or volute holes, including the shapes of all sides of the volute grooves, and one or more of the total length of the weapon barrel, the length of the barrel precursor section, the length of the twisting section, the length of the transition section and the transition curve, can be further adjusted to reasonably distribute the propellant energy between the precursor energy and the rotational energy of the projectile.
Simultaneously, in the twisting section, on the one hand, the propellant gas still has strong pressure to propel the projectile forward, on the other hand, the propellant gas twists the projectile through the volute grooves or volute holes to ensure the stability of the trajectory. Hence, while ensuring the firing precision, the kinetic energy of the projectile outlet will be greater than the rifled bore weapons with the same barrel length, the same caliber and the same propellant.
Apart from the conventional method mentioned above, since the volute grooves or volute through holes can pass under the bearing band and extend from the rear of the bearing band to the front of it (the head of the projectile is front and the bottom of the projectile is rear, the same below), propellant gas in the precursor section will leak through the volute grooves or volute through holes to a certain extent. Due to the extremely high bore pressure, huge twisting force will be generated on the projectile, but due to the tight fit between the projectile and the bore wall, friction resistance will render it difficult to rotate and make the projectile produce stress. After entering the twisting section, on the one hand, the friction force preventing rotation will disappear rapidly, but the twisting force will still be maintained. At this time, it will produce an effect similar to the sudden rupture of bowstring after drawing a bow, and the projectile will rotate at a high speed.
This scheme can be applied to the case where special high speed rotation is required.
In particular, for the case of using the volute groove, the bearing band material can be selected appropriately to press the bearing band into the volute groove due to its tight fit with the inner wall (bore wall) of the barrel when the projectile is in the precursor section, thus blocking the volute groove to prevent the propellant gas from leaking. When the projectile reaches the twisting section, without the pressure of the bore wall, the bearing band returns to its original state, and on the one hand, it bulges to prevent the propellant gas from leaking directly from the gap between the projectile and the bore wall while on the other hand, the passage of the volute groove is cleared again, so that the propellant gas principally passes through the volute groove to bypass the leakage of bearing band, thus twisting the projectile. On this basis, a bulge with a specific shape and protruding into the volute groove can be further arranged at the bottom of the bearing band, so that in the precursor section, the bearing band is pressed, the bulge is pressed toward the axis, thus reaching the bottom of the volute groove and blocking the volute groove. While in the twisting section, the shape of the bearing band is restored, the bulge is separated from the bottom of the volute groove, and the volute groove unblocks the flow of propellant gas from the volute groove, thus twisting the projectile.
The conical-tail shelled projectile using the fluid-propelled spinning technical scheme can use propellant gas to propel the projectile core and twist the projectile core because the projectile sabot is provided with volute grooves or volute holes, so the projectile core does not need a tail fin for stabilization, thus the projectile sabot structure can be simpler, and the shelling can be directly done from the rear as a whole.
That is, the tail of the projectile core is designed into a taper with a thick front and a thin rear, or a cylinder or a tapered frustum with a thick front and a thin tail end, while the projectile sabot can be hollow or cup-shaped, including a bottom-leaking cup-shaped one or a pushpin-shaped one; its structure is symmetrically or uniformly designed along the central axis and is hollow or cup-shaped, including bottom-leaking cup-shaped. Its hollow part has the same taper with a thick front and a thin rear as the rear of the projectile core. In this way, the said projectile sabot is sleeved on the projectile core from rear to front like a taper sleeve.
When the multi-section barrel is used for firing, the projectile sabot and the bore wall in the precursor section are tightly fit, including interference fit, so that the gas can be sealed. At the same time, as the gas thrust area of the projectile sabot is much larger than that of the projectile core, the projectile sabot is tightly pressed on the projectile core like a taper sleeve, propelling the projectile to accelerate forward. In the twisting section, propellant gas leaks out from the clearance between the projectile and the barrel through the volute grooves or volute through holes on the projectile sabot, thus propelling the projectile to accelerate forward on the one hand, and twisting the projectile sabot on the other hand, and driving the projectile core for twisting via the friction belt between the projectile sabot.
When the projectile leaves the gun muzzle, as the wind resistance of the projectile sabot is much larger than that of the projectile core, and because of the symmetry of the windward face of the projectile sabot and its overall symmetry, the projectile sabot will move right astern relative to the projectile core, and the projectile sabot will shell like the taper sleeve is pulled out, and the shelling process will have little influence on the projectile core.
It is also possible to arrange a plurality of pits at the bottom of the projectile core with the axis of the projectile core as the center, which are uniformly or symmetrically arranged around the center. The pits include various forms, such as cones, the taper of which is thick outside and thin inside, i.e. close to the bottom orifice and thick inside, while the projectile sabot takes on a cup shape at this time, including a bottom-leaking cup shape, and the bottom of the said bottom-leaking cup-shaped finger cup is provided with one or more air-permeable through holes or grooves, including pushpin-shaped ones. At this time, the bottom of the corresponding projectile sabot has one or more bulges corresponding to the pits at the projectile bottom core. When the pits of the projectile core have a taper, the taper of the bulges of the projectile sabot also corresponds to the taper of the pits at the projectile bottom core.
Alternatively, the projectile sabot may be in the shape of a pushpin with one or more needle tips, i.e., there is no projectile sabot wall, only the projectile sabot bottom and bulges, and the volute grooves and volute holes are arranged at the bottom of the projectile sabot, the said needle tips are bulges corresponding to the pits at the bottom of the projectile core, and the said bulges may also be provided with one or more air-leakage through holes or grooves, and when the pits of the projectile core are tapered, the taper of the bulges at the bottom of the projectile sabot also corresponds to the pits at the bottom of the projectile core.
At this time and in this part, the projectile core is sleeved on the bulge of the projectile sabot like a taper sleeve. The connection between the projectile core and the projectile sabot can also drive and twist the projectile. After the projectile exits the bore, as the projectile sabot has a joyride design and is symmetrical along the axis of the projectile, the projectile sabot is also shelled right astern relative to the projectile core due to high wind resistance and symmetry around the axis. Moreover, in order to avoid the formation of vacuum between the projectile core and the projectile sabot, which results in the difficulty of shelling, enough holes or grids can be left at the projectile sabot bottom, i.e. the cup bottom and the pushpin bottom. This scheme and the former scheme can be either used separately or in combination.
Furthermore, bulges or grooves of similar guide keys and keyways can be arranged on the surfaces of the said bulges and pits; or the said pits and bulges are processed into a cylindrical shape, and internal or external guide splines or spline-like structures are arranged on the said pits and bulges, the said internal and external guide splines move relatively to a limited position along the axial direction, and may be freely pulled out in reverse movement. Air-leakage through holes or gaps can also be arranged on the bulges at the inner bottom of the said projectile sabot to prevent vacuum generated in the pits from hindering shelling during shelling, and the said internal and external guide splines can also be processed with taper so as to be pulled out during reverse movement.
It is also suggested to process the pits and bulges into cylindrical shapes, and to arrange internal or external guide splines or spline-like structures on them to twist the projectile core and facilitate backward pullout. The said guide splines refer to that splines are movable in the axial direction, but the relative movement of the projectile sabot and projectile core in the axial direction has a limit position, but the reverse movement of the projectile sabot and projectile core in the axial direction is free. The said keys, keyways, internal and external splines and similar mechanisms can also be provided with taper to facilitate smoother axial movement.
As a preference, two or more pits at the bottom of the said projectile core and bulges at the bottom of the projectile sabot can be provided, and are uniformly or symmetrically arranged around the axis of the projectile core, and each bulge at the bottom of the said projectile sabot corresponds to a pit at the bottom of the projectile core, and the whole projectile sabot at this time is hollow, cup-shaped, bottom-leaking cup-shaped, and pushpin-shaped.
In the figure, 1 is an bearing band, 2 is a volute through hole, 3 is a through hole on the bottom surface of the projectile sabot, 4 is an bearing band, 5 is a volute through hole, 6 is a through hole on the bottom surface of the projectile sabot, 7 is a through hole on the bulge part of the bottom surface of the projectile sabot. The through hole passes through the tapered bulge part on the outer bottom and inner bottom of the said projectile sabot to prevent vacuum from being generated between the bulge part of the projectile sabot and the concave part of the projectile core during shelling. The whole projectile sabot is sleeved with the projectile core in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, while on the bottom surface of the projectile core, the projectile core pit is sleeved with the bulge at the projectile sabot bottom like a taper sleeve, and the said projectile core can be various standard bullets or shell projectiles or other non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles.
In the above-mentioned schemes, the projectile sabot and the projectile core can be fixed by a binder, and the said binder should have a small adhesive strength or easily lose the adhesive strength at high temperature. Thus, on the one hand, the projectile sabot and the projectile core can be relatively fixed during transportation, which is convenient for transportation, while on the other hand, the residual adhesive strength in the twisting section after firing can also help the projectile sabot to twist the projectile core. When the projectile is flushed out of the barrel, the binder losing its adhesive strength due to high temperature will not prevent the projectile sabot from shelling backward.
For projectiles without bearing bands, a circle of bulges can be formed on the projectile body through cladding or other means, thus obtaining the effect of similar bearing bands. When the bulges are arranged in front of the orifices of the volute through holes, part of the boundary layer airflow can be squeezed out, thus reducing the boundary layer airflow entering the volute grooves or volute through holes and affecting the posture of the projectiles.
Apart from that, for all the above cases with and without bearing bands, it is also possible to fill the volute grooves or volute through holes with some filler, which can be a substance decomposed at high temperature, so that when the projectile is in the precursor section, the volute grooves or volute through holes is blocked by the volute grooves or volute through holes to seal the propellant gas, and when the projectile reaches the twisting section, the filler has been decomposed at high temperature, and the volute grooves or volute through holes guide the propellant gas to propel the twisting projectile smoothly.
Moreover, the number, height, length, angle with the axis of the said volute grooves or volute through holes as well as many other numerous angles, curved radian, shape of each surface of the volute groove, including shape and size of the tail cone of the projectile can be selected and configured to realize distribution of propellant gas energy between the projectile precursor speed and rotation speed through further calculation and experiments based on different projectile requirements, and relevant parameters can be taken as zero if necessary.
A barrel weapon system comprising a multi-section smooth bore barrel and fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, which can be guns and cannons of various calibers, including machine guns or machine cannons, and various phalanxes, etc. The said fluid-propelled spinning projectiles are fired through the said multi-section smooth bore barrel.
A weapon system comprising a multi-section rifled bore barrel and non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles. Non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles including various standard ammunition are fired through the said multi-section rifled bore barrel, which can be guns or cannons of various calibers, including machine guns, machine cannons, as well as various phalanxes. Due to the huge interaction between the precursor section projectiles and the barrel, as the barrel diameter gradually increases through the transition section, the interaction is gradually reduced, so that when the projectile comes from the orifice, the stress on the projectile has been gradually released, thus avoiding the situation in which the interaction between the projectile and the barrel suddenly disappears when the projectile comes out of the barrel in the current rifled bore weapon system, thus causing the sudden change of the projectile stress, resulting in the posture change and affecting the precision.
A weapon system using a smooth bore barrel and the before-mentioned fluid-propelled spinning projectiles, the said smooth bore barrel and some or all of the said fluid-propelled spinning projectile form clearance fit. The typical use of the system is mortar. As shown in
This mortar projectile uses the firing apparatus of the existing mortar. Since its barrel is smooth bore and forms a clearance fit with the projectile, it can directly propel the projectile by gas flow and twist the projectile to obtain a stable trajectory, thus eliminating the tail fin. Furthermore, the air resistance is greatly reduced due to the rotation of the projectile itself, so the precision and range will be raised under the same caliber and the same propellant, and the existing launcher only needs to replace bullets, and even the primer of the projectile is used in common to the maximum extent.
A weapon system using a multi-section smooth bore barrel to fire various types of tail fin-stabilized shelled projectiles, including tail fin-stabilized shelled armor-piercing projectiles, gradually reduces the said interaction through a transition section due to the interaction between the projectile and the barrel in the precursor section, including friction force and resistance generated by deformation of the projectile sabot or the bearing band, so that the stress on the projectile when it comes from the orifice is gradually released, so as to avoid the sudden disappearance of the said interaction when the projectiles exit the barrel in the current weapon system, which causes the stress of the projectiles to suddenly change, thus results in the posture change and affects the precision, especially suitable for large-caliber smoothbore gun systems firing long-rod armor-piercing projectiles with stable tail fins.
A howitzer system comprising a multi-section smooth bore barrel and fluid-propelled spinning projectiles. The howitzer is loaded with projectiles through the bottom, which boasts various advantages over the current mortar system. First of all, as the bearing band in the driving section is tightly fitted with the bore wall, propellant gas can be sealed, and good centering effect can be achieved. Besides, the projectile can spin through the twisting action of the twisting section, thus reducing air resistance and stabilizing the trajectory and posture of the external trajectory. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the range and precision of the mortar system by the current mortar system.
Moreover, the mortar system does not need a tail fin because of its relatively high initial speed and stable spin, which makes the structure of the shell simpler and lower in cost. In the meanwhile, due to its higher speed and more stable flight, the projectile body itself does not need to follow the aerodynamic principle too strictly, its head can be more round and blunt, and its rear can be more stocky, thus carrying more explosives. What's more, the bottom filling can make the operator crawl all the way and reduce the probability of casualties.
Direct firing can also be realized simultaneously, and even automatic continuous firing can be achieved simply by matching the projectile drum, continuous firing mechanism and sighting telescope.
A weapon system comprising a multi-section barrel and fluid-propelled spin shell projectiles, wherein the said multi-section barrel is in the before-mentioned form of smooth bore; the said fluid-propelled spinning shelled projectile comprises a projectile sabot and a projectile core; the projectile sabot is symmetrically designed around a central axis and is provided with a groove for joyriding at the front end; and volute grooves or volute through holes are arranged at the rear or tail of the projectile sabot in the manner described above. Besides, the projectile sabot is hollow and cup-shaped, and comprises a bottom leakage cup shape and a pushpin shape. Therein, the cavity is a frustum or cone with taper at the front and thick and thin at the back, and the rear of the projectile core also has the same taper, so that the projectile sabot can be sleeved on the projectile core from rear to front like a taper sleeve.
Similarly, it is also suggested to set a tapered pit at the bottom of the said projectile core, the taper of which is large outside and small inside, while the bottom of the projectile sabot is also provided with a bulge with a corresponding taper to push into the pits at the bottom of the projectile core. At this time and in this part, the projectile core becomes a taper sleeve which is sleeved on the bulge of the projectile sabot, and the bulge part of the projectile sabot can also be provided with through holes, so as to avoid difficulty in shelling or influence on the posture of the projectile core due to the formation of vacuum in the projectile core pit during shelling.
When the projectile is excited, in the precursor section of the barrel, part or all of the projectile sabot is tightly fitted with the barrel, including interference fit, so as to seal the propellant gas and propel the projectile sabot forward through the propellant gas, while the taper sleeve connection between the projectile sabot and the projectile core, the propelling of the cup bottom and the top of the pushpin enable the projectile sabot to propel the projectile core to accelerate forward; in the twisting section, as the propellant gas still has huge thrust, on the one hand, the projectile sabot is continuously propelled forward to accelerate, and on the other hand, the projectile sabot is still tightly pressed on the projectile core, so that the projectile can be twisted through the friction force between the projectile sabot and the projectile core. For cup-shaped or bottom-leaking cup-shaped and pushpin-shaped projectile sabots, the projectile core can also be twisted through the pit and bulge structure at the bottom. After the projectile is flushed out of the barrel, due to the design of the joyriding groove at the front end of the projectile sabot, its wind resistance is much greater than that of the projectile core, and the structure is symmetrical around the axis of the projectile core, so the force is uniform. Therefore, under the action of wind resistance, the projectile sabot is pulled out right astern relative to the projectile core, just like the taper sleeve is pulled out, thus avoiding interference to the projectile core to the greatest extent.
The projectile sabot and the projectile core can also be fixed by a binder, including energetic binder. The said binder should have small adhesive strength or easily lose adhesive strength at high temperature. In this way, on the one hand, the projectile sabot and the projectile core can be relatively fixed during transportation, which is convenient for transportation, while on the other hand, in the twisting section, its residual adhesive strength can also help the projectile sabot to twist the projectile core; and when the projectile is flushed out of the barrel, the binder losing its adhesive strength due to high temperature will not prevent the projectile sabot from shelling backward.
When cup-shaped structure is adopted, including bottom-leaking cup-shaped structure, elastic materials can also be used for the bottom or/and the walls of the projectile sabot, so that in the process of propelling the projectile core by the projectile sabot in the bore, the projectile sabot bottom will generate compressive stress and deformation, the thrust of propellant gas on the projectile sabot disappears after exiting the bore, and the huge acting force between the projectile sabot and projectile core will propel the projectile core forward continuously while propelling the projectile sabot backward, thus accelerating shelling.
As the volute grooves and volute holes are both on the projectile sabot, the shape of the projectile core is almost unchanged, and there are only pits on the bottom surface, so the aerodynamic shape of the projectile core can be unaffected, and pretty good aerodynamic performance can be maintained. Apart from that, since large-caliber barrel and large-caliber propellant can be used, standard projectiles with good aerodynamic shape can be used as the projectile core and fired through a large-caliber projectile sabot, so extremely long range and stable trajectory can be obtained. Furthermore, since the acting force between the projectile and the barrel is much smaller than that of the rifled bore weapon, the barrel is less jumpy, the stability of continuous shooting is high, and the heating of the barrel is reduced as well. Therefore, it is especially suitable for long-range sniper rifles or anti-equipment rifles, light and heavy rifles or machine guns or machine cannons, anti-aircraft machine guns, and multi-barrel phalanxes.
A system and method for firing conventional ammunition using a multi-section barrel. Various standard ammunition including non-fluid-propelled spinning projectiles of various calibers are fired through the multi-section barrel. The said multi-section barrel includes a smooth bore or a rifled bore, and the said standard ammunition includes military, police bullets of various calibers as well as civilian bullets. For example, the multi-section rifled barrel, including a driving section+a transition section, or a clearance fit section, fires various existing standard bullets or shells; by using a multi-section smooth bore barrel, including a driving section+a transition section, or a clearance fit section, it fires various tail fin-stabilized shelled projectiles, etc. The stress of the projectile is gradually released through the transition section, thus avoiding disturbance to the posture of the projectile resulting from sudden release of stress from the existing weapon system till the barrel orifice, and at the same time, a part of fuel gas can be released in advance through the clearance fit section to avoid a large amount of fuel gas. When it is suddenly released centrally at the muzzle after being choked by the projectile, its reaction force disturbs the barrel. This part of fuel gas contains propellant that is still burning and expanding, especially when the barrel is short. Therefore, it expands violently and assumes hemispherical expansion (the fuel gas has a precursor speed), so it has a relatively strong reaction force against the barrel orifice, and it is difficult to control the reaction force acting on the barrel orifice.
A spinning projectile rifled bore weapon system, which fires fluid-propelled spinning projectile through a conventional rifled bore barrel.
The movement of the projectile in the bore is no different from that of a common rifled bore weapon system, but after the projectile leaves the bore, the air flow on the surface of the projectile body is introduced into the said volute grooves or volute through holes and guided to the projectile bottom, thus filling the vacuum generated behind the projectile due to the high-speed forward movement of the projectile, thereby reducing the front and rear pressure drag of the projectile.
In addition, after the projectile leaves the bore, the surface airflow of the projectile flows from front to rear through the said volute grooves or volute through holes, and the projectile can also be twisted (definitely, the rotation direction is opposite, so the relevant parameters of the volute grooves or volute through holes need to be matched with the direction in which the projectile is twisted by the rifling), so that the reduction of the rotation speed of the projectile resulting from friction can be avoided. Also, the length and size of volute through holes, the number of through holes and various inclination angles and shapes of through holes can be further adjusted, so as to adjust the external ballistic airflow passing through the through hole and further adjust the twisting force on the projectile, the taper of the projectile body if necessary; and it also adjusts the windward area at the entrance of the volute through holes to adjust the twisting force and resistance.
Whether it is a multi-section barrel or a fluid-propelled spinning projectile, it requires few additional processes and mature processing means compared with the existing barrel and projectile, and the existing equipment can meet the precision requirements. At the same time, for the multi-section barrel, the performance of the weapon system can be obviously enhanced by replacing a new barrel without any changes to the ammunition, and the problem of uniform ammunition supply for the same gun family can be solved. Thus, its industrial practicability is beyond doubt.
The above is a preferred implementation way of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in this technical field, several improvements and embellishments can be made without departing from the said principles of the present invention, and these improvements and embellishments should also be deemed as the scope of protection of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201710027172.1 | Jan 2017 | CN | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2018/072195 | Jan 2018 | US |
| Child | 16512321 | US |
