Patent Application
20240416061
The trend of chronic disease of prevalence and mortality in the USA over the last ten years surrounds cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, diabetes, and arthritis. The 21st century areas of chronic diseases are mostly involved in non-communicable diseases, mostly attributed to lifestyle and living in modern urban cities. Herein, we will use the term “NCD” (non-communicable chronic disease). The United States National Center for Health Statistics defines a ‘Chronic condition as one of three months in duration.’ The general definition of an NCD is a disease that has a prolonged course, that does not resolve spontaneously, and to which a complete cure, is rarely achieved. The characteristics of NCDs are chronic illnesses, non-communicable degenerate diseases, characterized by uncertain etiology with multiple risk factors, long latency, prolonged course of illness, and non-contagious origin that can lead to functional impairment, and/or disability. There are risk factors that are involved in NCD, such as personal behaviors or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or hereditary characteristics that are associated with an increase in occurrence within a particular disease.
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries, which carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body. Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day. However, if blood pressure stays high for a long time, it can damage your heart and lead to health problems. High blood pressure (also known as Hypertension) raises your risk for heart disease and stroke, which are leading causes of death in the United States. High blood pressure has no warning signs or symptoms, and approximately 50% of the general population does not know they have it. The only way for an individual or an individual's caretakers to become alerted is to know if that person has high blood pressure, is by measuring it. Then, once alerted, interventive steps can be initiated by the patient or their caretakers/providers to control it if it is too high. High blood pressure or hypertension is called by the medical profession as the “silent killer” due to it having no warning signs or symptoms. Due to its stealthy silence that can cause a heart attack or stroke, people in the general population are unaware of its dangerous consequences when they have it and are not warned when it occurs. Measuring blood pressure requires a significant step of visiting a clinic or drugstore, or understanding and properly operating a complicated medical device at home.
Consequently, there is a need in the art for a simpler and more passive means of measuring blood pressure and reporting the results.
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention and is not intended to be limiting in scope nor exhaustive in breath. It is not intended to identify the key, or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention; its sole purpose is to present concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is subsequently presented.
A medical device worn by an individual previously diagnosed with a blood-pressure condition comprising a central processing unit, a memory unit containing programming and diagnostic values, a wireless communications component, at least one sensor capable of measuring diastolic and systolic blood pressure, at least one sensor capable of measuring heart rate, and at least one medicament administration device containing at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient; wherein the central processing unit, the memory unit, and the wireless communications unit are inside a single container removably affixed to a patient; wherein the central processing unit receives information from, and sends information and instructions to, the memory unit, and wireless communications unit, the sensors, and the at least one medicament administration device; wherein the central processing unit may instruct that at least one medicament administration device to administer at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient to a patient; wherein the wireless communications component is in frequent communication with remote computers on a propriety healthcare provider network via at least one internet access point; and, wherein the frequent communication(s) contains information about sensor measurements, and central processing unit instructions.
A medical device wherein the single container is removably affixed to the patient's body and further comprises an automatic external defibrillator. A medical device wherein the wireless communications component connects to the Internet through either at least one cellular communications tower or at least one Wi-Fi access point. A medical device wherein the central processing unit receives information from, and sends information and instructions to, the sensors by Bluetooth wireless technology. A medical device having at least two sensors capable of measuring diastolic and systolic blood pressure removably affixed to the patient's body. A medical device wherein one blood pressure sensor is removably affixed to one of the patient's arms and one blood pressure sensor is removably affixed to one of the patient's ankles. A medical device further comprising a global positioning system located inside the container, and which provides location information to the central processing unit. A medical device wherein the at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is one that is approved by and indicated by the FDA to reduce blood pressure in patients, and wherein at least one medicament administration device is a transdermal patch. A medical device wherein at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is classified as a beta-blocker. A medical device wherein at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is classified as a central-acting agent. A medical device wherein the at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is classified as a vasodilator.
A medical device further comprising two sensors capable of measuring diastolic and systolic blood pressure wherein: there is only one medicament administration device that is a transdermal patch removably affixed to the patient's skin under a garment; there is only one active the pharmaceutical ingredient that is clonidine; the central processing unit may instruct the medicament administration device to administer clonidine based on the two-blood pressure sensor measurements, and the at least one heart rate sensor measurement. A medical device is provided wherein the central processing unit instructions, the blood pressure sensors, and the heartrate sensor(s) measurements, and the administration of clonidine comprise a closed feedback control loop further comprising an emergency routine exit point to the loop.
A method is provided for monitoring a patient's blood pressure and administering a drug in a closed feedback control loop comprising: a central processing unit receiving wireless information about blood pressure from at least one blood pressure sensor that is removably affixed to a patient's body, and receiving wireless information about heartrate from at least one heartrate sensor that is removably affixed to a patient's body; processing the received information in a central processing unit; determining whether an emergency condition exists by comparing the processed information to pre-programmed values in the central processing unit; if there is an emergency condition, activating an emergency routine requiring wirelessly communicating with a health care provider; if there is no emergency condition, determining whether to administer a drug based on an administration evaluation program in the central processing unit; if a drug is determined to be administered, determining a dosage of the drug and from which application device to administer it, and sending a set of instructions containing dosage information to a medicament application device located on or near the patient's body. A method wherein the emergency routine comprises communicating with a pre-determined health care provider, communicating with a city or county emergency service provider, and communicating with at least one family member's mobile telephone via text message and pre-recorded voice call. A method wherein the emergency routine further comprises communicating blood pressure and heartrate sensor information in real-time with emergency service providers over the Internet. A method wherein the central processing unit is sending the set of instructions via a wired system to the medicament application device, and wherein the medicament application device is programmed to confirm the fidelity of the set of instructions. A method wherein the drug is an Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug indicated for hypertension and is selected from the class of beta blockers, central-acting agents, and vasodilators.
A medical system worn by an individual comprising a central processing unit, a memory unit containing programming and diagnostic values, a global positioning system unit, a wireless communications component, at least one sensor capable of measuring diastolic and systolic blood pressure, at least one sensor capable of measuring blood sugar, at least one sensor capable of measuring heart rate, at least one sensor capable of measuring an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the blood, and at least one medicament administration device containing at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient; wherein the central processing unit, the memory unit, the global positioning system unit, and the wireless communications unit are inside a single container removably affixed to a patient; wherein the central processing unit receives information from, and sends information and instructions to, the memory unit, and wireless communications unit, the sensors, and at least one medicament administration device in a closed feedback control loop further having an emergency routine exit in the loop; wherein the wireless communications component is in constant communication with remote computers on a propriety healthcare provider network via at least one internet access point; wherein the frequent communication(s) contains information about sensor measurements, location information from the global positioning system unit, and central processing unit instructions; wherein the central the unit may instruct that at least one medicament administration device to administer to a patient one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient(s), such as beta-blockers, central-acting agents, vasodilators, alpha-blockers, alpha-beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and renin inhibitors, and/or substances FDA-approved for the treatment of insulin.
Further features of the present invention will be apparent from the description that follows. After review, such features may, in part, be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Having generally summarized the invention disclosure above, a further understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples illustrated below which are provided for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be all-inclusive or limiting unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, terms or phrases such as “for example” or “e.g.” and the like, even if they are not coupled with a modifier such as “without limitation” or the like, are not intended to be limiting the disclosure of the invention.
Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments and examples of the present invention. The particular components and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this invention.
For example, a certain sensor may detect blood-sugar, or may detect chemicals including active pharmaceutical ingredients or drugs in the blood, saliva, or other bodily fluids, and the blood concentration thereof. Other sensors may be able to detect paramagnetic drugs and concentration based on a between hemoglobin magnetic qualities and drug magnetic qualities.
Optional additional sensors 18, 20 are shown in
Further examples, details and embodiments follow further below, and set forth in this paragraph is a general example embodiment of the invention and its functionalities. An elderly person wearing a device 10 on his upper arm may be going on a routine walk in the morning. The person's body may begin to experience an abnormal blood pressure, either high or low. The device 10 will immediately detect changes in the blood pressure via at least one or more of the optional sensors 16, 18, 20. The device 10 may also have a sensor to detect heartrate, or such a heartrate sensor may be one of the optional sensors 18, 20. The device 10 analyzes all sensor data, compares it to pre-programmed values indicating “normal” and “non-normal” sensor data, and determines whether there is a high likelihood of an adverse health situation. Typically, information that is analyzed includes at least systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heartrate.
After the data analysis indicates the presence of an adverse health situation within a certain confidence interval that may be determined by the number of sensors that may be in a non-normal range, the device 10 then utilizes its antenna 26 to signal computers operated by at least a family member, a health care provider, or emergency professionals. Based on the information received from the device 10, a family member, health care provider, or emergency professionals can quickly or immediately act, interactively or onsite, to help or assist the person experiencing the adverse health situation.
A typical device 10 will contain an antenna 26 or other wireless transmission device. The antenna 26 permits the device to communicate, either constantly with periodicity, or upon certain conditions, with other remotely located devices. In one embodiment, the antenna 26 utilizes cellular technology such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and/or LTE to communicate with a commercial wireless provider to transmit and receive information. Because of the wide availability of the commercial cellular service this permits the device 10 to generally communicate via antenna 26 with other devices from anywhere such cellular service or backup service is available. In other embodiments, the antenna 26 may contain transmission technology such as Bluetooth, Z-wave, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n/ac, and antenna technology to permit communications through frequencies utilized by government agencies, military, law enforcement agencies, emergency, and/or public service networks. In certain embodiments wireless technology (in particular but without Bluetooth, Z-wave, and Wi-Fi) permit one device 10 to communicate with other devices 10 either worn by the same user, affixed to non-users, or to devices 10 in the same general geographic vicinity.
A typical device 10 will also contain at least one, and typically a plurality of sensors 16, 18, 20. As discussed further, a collection of different sensors 16, 18, 20 are available for usage in the device 10. Certain sensors may be selected by a user or a purchaser to maximize the usage of the device 10. Broadly, sensors may be selected for measuring different types of human physiology or physiological responses or phenomena. The sensors 16, 18, 20 in a device 10 include without limitation at least one, and with the option of having a plurality of any of the following instruments: heart rate monitor, blood oxygen level monitor, blood pressure monitor, electrodermal activity (and other somatic markers known in the art such as measurements of the sympathetic nervous system), sweat (including rate of sweat), body chemicals (e.g., such as cortisol or hormones).
Other instruments commonly known to those in the art would also be understood to be included as sensors in the device 10. Typically, sensors 16, 18, 20 would be understood to be selected based on the likelihood of their detecting indicia of blood pressure. However, depending on the unique attributes of an individual body or blood pressure response, the sensor 16, 18, 20 selection could vary significantly. Additionally, sensor selection could vary based on budget, in particular when a plurality of devices 10 are being purchased at a time such as in bulk by a healthcare providers, insurance company, institution or elderly or other care provider. Certain embodiments of the invention may include all of the sensors expressly listed above and more although typical embodiments would not. Typically, the device 10 would be waterproof or water resistant.
It would be understood by one in the art that there may be reasons why a plurality of the same type of sensor 16, 18, 20 may be selected including having redundant sensors in case of failure, having additional sensors 16, 18, 20 to monitor measurement deviation over time to flag tuning or maintenance, or to capture different aspects of the measured phenomena such as a different ranges, or multiple readings that can be compared, or simply different aspects of the same phenomena. For example, multiple blood pressure sensors designed using an automated appendage cuff may be used to take multiple readings of blood pressure from different appendages or body locations.
A typical device 10 may contain a screen or touch screen 24. Such a screen 24 permits interaction with the device 10 and with its internal components for maintenance, setup, diagnostics, control, or information output in a human-understandable or readable format. The screen 24 typically also includes a display that may provide passive information about the environment such as time and weather, and may provide reminders for important event or notifications, e.g., medication reminders. The screen 24 display further may be able to be controlled by a completely independent device such as a phone so that it could display text messages or other information from the phone. Other features known in the art for a display on a wearable device are also contemplated. Typically, the screen 24 would include at least one button that a user or other person in a health emergency or potentially medically adverse situation could rely on to transmit an emergency signal to others. Additionally, the emergency button 22 on the device is an easily located area on the apparatus 10 permitting a user to press it in the event of a healthcare or blood-pressure-related emergency. Typically, the physical emergency button 22 would have the same effect on the apparatus 10 as the screen 24 emergency button would have, i.e., contacting emergency services or family member(s). In certain embodiments, the button 22 may be programmed or physically installed to only respond in the event it is held for a certain time period, or pressed in a certain pattern, which depending on the individual using it would be optimal. For example, if a blood pressure emergency or sensation is felt, then in many cases the individual wearing the apparatus 10 would be physically able to press and hold the button for 5 seconds, 10 seconds, or even up to 20 seconds. In particular, if the person using the apparatus 10 is not capable or comfortable with electronic devices, then a certain pattern may be preferable, such as pressed for around 0.25 to 1 second, un-pressed for 0.25 to 1 second, and then pressed again for around 0.25 to 1 second. This would reduce the amount of false positives because intentional pressing is required, while still ensuring that an emergency signal is sent quickly.
Depending on the preferences of the individual wearing the apparatus and the family or providers, the emergency button may simply be used a reliable means of signaling and may not be used for emergency purposes at all. For example, the signal if pressed in a particular on-off-on pattern, or on-off-on-off-on pattern could indicate that the individual is ready for pickup or a ride, or needs help taking routine medication. In further embodiments of the invention, the emergency button is a panic button and is configured to directly communicate with emergency management services to report an emergency. In one embodiment, the panic button would directly communicate to a 911 service such as a PSTN network over a cellular phone network, and in other embodiments, the panic button would communicate over a VOIP protocol 911 service. In still other embodiments, an emergency button or a panic button may be configured to call for a ride share service such as Uber or Lyft or a taxi for transportation to an emergency room or health care provider if an ambulance is unavailable.
In a further embodiment of the device 10 of
Although not expressly shown in
Although not shown in
The device 10 is contemplated to be used for treatment and management of a medical condition or disorder, and also for general health and wellness. Regarding the latter use, patients suffering from, or individuals who consider that they may be at risk for certain conditions, may employ the device 10 to monitor their health. For example, if an individual is presently healthy, but wishes to passively monitor his or her blood pressure, the device 10 may be configured and programmed to achieve that, i.e., without administration of any drug, and even without any monitoring by health care professionals. In other examples and embodiments of the device 10, other sensors could be used to monitor other physiological characteristics of an individual's body.
Accordingly, a suite of sensors is contemplated that may be configured by an individual to achieve his or her own wellness or general health goals based on actual or perceived risks, or simply to collect data about the individual's own body, e.g., to watch for patterns or determine how that person's own body operates in certain conditions or over time periods. Further embodiments may allow the patient and health care provider to coordinate or conduct rehabilitation or physical wellness programs interactively, including communicating dietary regimens, stress reduction, mindfulness, and/or biofeedback.
Typically, the embodied device 10 of
A typical device 10 will also contain at least one battery 50. A battery 50 provides power to the device 10 and its components. Multiple batteries may be expected to be used to provide backup power to the device 10, or to provide additional power for when multiple sensors (either 49 on the device 10 or on other devices, or standalone) or other components are operating at the same time. Typically, the battery 50 would be a commercially available recharge able type of battery relying on an alkali metal such as lithium. However, other batteries 50 known in the art are contemplated including without limitation those relying on nickel, cadmium, lead, zinc, or aluminum.
The wearable biosensor medical device, comprises:
The wearable biosensor medical device, wherein the hybrid power cell system is applied to various wearable applications, including garments that regulate body temperature and accessories that power other life-saving electronic devices, demonstrating the versatility and potential of the integrated solar-powered technology.
A typical device 10 will also contain a computing module 42. Broadly, the computing module operates as a standalone programmable mini-computer and/or microcontroller. Accordingly, the computing module 42 will typically contain at least one processing unit, including but not limited to a central processing unit or CPU, working memory storage, and also may contain long-term data storage unit. The computing module 42 is typically connected to all of the other components, including, without limitation, a sensor 49, battery 50, and GPS unit 47 through at least one two-way physical data transmission channel (now shown in the figure). Through the data connections, the computing module would be expected to receive data input from the components on either a continual basis a periodic basis, or subject to certain conditions.
Additionally, the computing module would be expected to transmit data to the components either on a continual basis, a periodic basis, or subject to certain conditions. As one example of an operational embodiment, the sensor 49 on the device 10 transmits data to the computing device 42 which processes the data and transmits it to the antenna 46 or external communications module for subsequent external transmission.
A typical device 10 may contain a data and memory module 44 separate from any memory or data component that may be present in the computing module 42. The data module 44 is connected to at least the sensor 49 and computing module 42 by data channels (not shown) and can serve as extra short-term memory or medium or longer-term data storage for the computing module 42 or sensor 49. Additionally, the data module 44 and data channel connections are all sized in terms of total data capacity, write speed, and read speed to permit the regular and periodic capture of blood pressure readings taking into consideration the sensor 49, the computing module 42, and any other connected or wirelessly transmitted sensor or apparatuses.
The GPS device 47 depicted in the embodiment in
In certain embodiments of the invention, the device 10 of
A typical transdermal application would involve an individual who is wearing a patch having a medicament used for treating high blood pressure of other hypertensive disorder. The particular medicament for the transdermal would usually be clonidine, or a beta blocker. In certain circumstances, the CPU 42 may only signal to effect or cause a transdermal application based on either one set or a plurality of sets of collected data and/or a certain time period. Whether a certain number of data points or a certain time period must be reached prior to signaling for application for the transdermal patch may depend on the approved indications or specific provider prescriptions for using such administered medicaments. For example, in certain cases a doctor may prescribe a once weekly administration in a transdermal patch if the individual has certain risk factors (or absence of the same), or if blood pressure was recorded previously within a certain threshold. In still other cases, a provider, or the patient or individual him or herself, may prescribe or prefer a period of administration of 24 hours, or less. An optional feature of the device is to employ a control system to monitor and manage administration of the API. In such a configuration, the device will monitor sensor readings and based on programming and preset values selected by the individual wearing the device or a provider, the device would interpret the sensor data, determine whether to administer medicament through a transdermal patch or other medical device (including an insulin pump for certain diabetic patients). In a manual configuration of the device, there would be no automated administration based off of sensor input, however administration may be made based off of the time of day, a timer, or an active decision or selection made by the individual wearing the device or a provider. It is noted that certain embodiments are expected to be operated in the manual configuration where such decisions or selections about administration are made from a personal electronic device (such as a smartphone) or a computer connected to the Internet, local network, or local channel such as Bluetooth.
Any applicable sensor readings would be monitored by the device 52, e.g., any change of or existence of sensor readings for, if such sensors are available, blood pressure, body temperature, heartrate, other physiological readings or non-physiological readings. In manual configurations, the sensor detection 52 may be replaced by a time or other non-physiological sensors inputs indicating whether administration should occur. The device then assesses the sensor readings 54, meaning that in typical embodiments the device receives the raw data from sensors and by way of example processes it locally to determine the signal from the noise in a readily computer readable format. The computing module would typically perform this function 54 by receiving the data from the sensors and processes the data into a quantitative metric. The pre-programmed values, i.e., data or metrics, would be transferred to the computing module of the device. The computing module compares the processed instrument data with the pre-programmed values as part of the assessment function 54. Based on the comparison, the computing module determines whether an emergency situation exists 56. Based on this determination, the device either engages in an emergency routine which would include typically sending an emergency signal 62, or moves to the next step in the regular control configuration 58. In the emergency routine 62 situation, the cycle may still repeat with a new sensor and measurement thereof, but programming and preset values may be different to reflect the nature of the emergency status or mode. For example, for a diabetic the device may be programmed to be more sensitive to insulin or blood sugar sensor readings, or for other emergency configurations non-essential sensors or components may be shut down so that power could be preserved for wireless communications. In further configurations, sensors may detect an active pharmaceutical ingredient or chemical or drug in the blood, or the concentration in the blood. The chemical detected could be an indicator of the presence of the drug, such as a metabolite or other substance created by the body, or a subpart of the drug, or it may detect the exact same chemical that had been administered as part of the feedback loop. In other embodiments, the administration of a drug may be oral or not part of any automated loop, yet one or more sensors may still be configured to detect it to inform the rest of the loop. Similarly, managing blood pressure is vital for preventing the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. In conclusion, while hypertension and diabetes are distinct conditions, their interrelation necessitates a comprehensive approach to patient care, emphasizing the importance of managing both conditions to reduce the risk of further complications. In managing diabetes, a condition that affects millions worldwide and has significant health implications, the use of nanocarriers in transdermal drug delivery (TDD) systems could be transformative. The current challenges with oral medications and insulin therapies, such as frequent dosing requirements, side effects, and the difficulties associated with injections, highlight the necessity for innovative delivery systems. These systems could stabilize blood glucose levels and minimize adverse effects, improving patient outcomes.
Diabetic insulin shock, also known as severe hypoglycemia, is a critical condition that requires immediate intervention. It occurs when the blood sugar levels fall dangerously low, which can happen due to various reasons such as taking too much insulin, missing meals, or excessive exercise without adequate carbohydrate intake. The symptoms can escalate quickly and may include confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness, and in severe cases, coma or death.
The initial step in managing insulin shock involves checking the blood sugar level, if possible, and consuming 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or candy. This should be followed by rechecking the blood sugar after 15 minutes and consuming another 15 grams of carbohydrates if the levels have not improved. If the individual is unconscious or unable to swallow, an injection of glucagon is necessary, and emergency medical services should be contacted immediately by the device of the present invention. Preventive measures are crucial for individuals with diabetes to avoid the occurrence of insulin shock. These include regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, adhering to meal plans, being aware of the correct insulin dosages, and carrying quick-acting sugar sources.
Education on recognizing the early signs of hypoglycemia and knowing how to respond is essential for patients and their families by the instant invention. The integration of biosensing technology with a micro-needle drug delivery system, as mentioned in the instant invention, is indicative of a progressive approach to healthcare. By combining the precision of biosensors with the minimally invasive nature of micro-needles, this invention could offer a more efficient, patient-friendly alternative to traditional diabetes management strategies. This could lead to better monitoring and control of the condition by the present invention, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those affected by diabetes and potentially other chronic conditions.
The instant invention provides a more comprehensive wearable medical device for monitoring, treatment, and intervention in a life-threatening emergency. The bidirectional relationship between diabetes and hypertension underscores the interconnectivity of these conditions. Elevated glucose levels, a hallmark of diabetes, can inflict damage on the vascular system and the neural pathways governing the heart and blood vessels, precipitating an increase in blood pressure. Inversely, hypertension can inflict arterial damage, impairing circulation and precipitating diabetes-related complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Individuals concurrently afflicted with diabetes and hypertension face an augmented risk of cardiovascular pathologies, including myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents. Statistics suggest that the prevalence of hypertension is doubled in the diabetic population compared to non-diabetic individuals. This concomitant occurrence between diabetes and high blood pressure significantly escalates the likelihood of cardiac ailments, which are already heightened in diabetic patients and monitored by the instant invention. In summary, the patent claim delineates a groundbreaking medical device that addresses the intertwined challenges of diabetes and hypertension. It offers a proactive solution that not only manages medication delivery with precision but also provides a fail-safe mechanism for emergencies. This dual-functionality device could revolutionize the approach to treating patients with these chronic conditions, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular complications and improving overall patient outcomes. The claim articulates a novel concept that could set a new standard in personalized and adaptive patient care.
In the flowchart on
The integration of microneedle drug delivery systems with traditional catheter/intravenous applications presents a multifaceted approach to patient care, particularly in emergency scenarios. Microneedle systems, which have been extensively researched and developed, offer a minimally invasive, painless alternative for drug administration, capable of bypassing the skin's outermost barrier, the stratum corneum. These systems can be particularly advantageous for delivering vaccines, drugs, and other therapeutic agents, and are constructed from various materials like silicon, titanium, stainless steel, and polymers. In the present invention, a transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) comprises a plurality of microneedles (MNs) fabricated from natural polymers, wherein said MNs are biodegradable and designed for controlled release of therapeutic agents. In the instant invention, in cases where the microneedle system may not deliver the required dosage, or when a rapid systemic effect is necessary, the catheter/intravenous (IV) application serves as a critical backup or primary treatment option. Central venous access devices, such as millilumen catheters, are vital in acute and emergency settings, providing reliable venous access for the administration of pharmacologic agents, fluids, or blood exchange therapies. These devices are typically used for short durations, generally not exceeding two weeks, and are inserted via techniques like the Seldinger method, often with ultrasound guidance to ensure proper placement and reduce complications. In the Seldinger method, the desired vessel or cavity is punctured with a sharp hollow needle, with ultrasound guidance if necessary. A round-tipped guidewire is then advanced through the lumen of the needle, and the needle is withdrawn. A sheath or blunt cannula can now be passed over the guidewire into the cavity or vessel. Alternatively, drainage tubes are passed over the guidewire (as in chest drains or nephrostomies). After passing a sheath or tube, the guidewire is withdrawn.
The device of the present invention, further comprises a catheter/intravenous application module, wherein said module is operable in conjunction with or as an alternative to the micro-needle drug delivery system, providing a means for rapid systemic administration of medication when required. The device of the present invention is also provided wherein the catheter/intravenous application module includes a central venous access device, capable of being utilized in emergency medical scenarios for the administration of pharmacologic agents, fluids, or blood exchange therapies.
The device of the present invention is also provided wherein the central venous access device is designed for short-term use, not exceeding a predetermined duration, to minimize the risk of complications associated with-term catheter placement. The decision to utilize a microneedle system or a catheter/IV application is contingent upon the clinical judgment of the healthcare provider, taking into account the patient's condition, the urgency of the situation, and the specific therapeutic requirements. In emergency medical services (EMS), the choice of drug delivery method may be determined upon arrival, based on the immediacy of the patient's needs and the available equipment. The flexibility to switch between these delivery systems can be crucial in managing patient emergencies effectively.
In the instant invention, Healthcare providers will have the advantages of both microneedle and catheter/IV applications, understanding their respective indications, contraindications, and potential complications. The device will come with interactive instructions. Training and proficiency in these techniques are essential for ensuring patient safety and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. The instant invention provides integration of various drug delivery systems interactively offering healthcare providers a broader range of tools to address the complex needs of patients in emergency and non-emergency settings alike.
Such determination over whether to deliver a drug, a substance, or to take another medically indicated or preferred action such as AED activation is typically made by comparison of processed sensor data to preset data. For example, if sensors indicate to the device that blood pressure is rising, but there is no emergency situation, then the CPU of the device (or a remote server) may determine that it is appropriate to deliver a drug to affect blood pressure. At that time, the next step in the configuration is to determine which drug, what dosage, and what side of delivery 60. The patient may have one or more medical devices connected to the device and capable of administering a drug. Typically, the administration of the drug at a particular dosage will be driven by a direct response to the condition measured by a sensor. For example, if a sensor reads high blood pressure and the device determines a drug administration is needed, then a betablocker may be administered which would be expected to have a direct response on the blood pressure. However, other prophylactic or secondary drugs may also be administered, for example a patient may be understood to be anxious about any perceived increase in blood pressure however small so even though a drug responding directly to the blood pressure sensor measurement may not be administered, an anti-anxiety drug may be administered instead. Transdermal sites of delivery as well as other delivery and medical devices are contemplated in the art.
Programming for the determination of which drug is delivered, the dosage, and the medical device utilized 60 is generally done by a medical professional. However, the programming implementing the actual delivery would typically be done by a bio medical engineer, e.g., determining current and voltage signaling patterns appropriate for an electrically operated pump or transdermal patch connected to the device 10. In either case whether the device proceeds with administration or delivery of a drug 58, data is logged 64 on the device, and stored locally and/or remotely. Such logging, storing, and transmission may be performed by a secure ledger system such as block chain. Further, monitoring of emergency buttons 65 either physically located on the device or remotely physically located, or “soft key” virtual emergency buttons are contemplated as providing an input to the CPU or remote server determination of an emergency situation 56.
It is noted that
The administration of medical care by the device contemplated by
Advanced Smart Dose System: Incorporating oxygen/glucose biosensors, the advanced smart dose system represents a significant leap in personalized medicine. In the instant invention, by monitoring the patient's blood oxygen and glucose levels in real time, the system can adjust the oxygen delivery rate accordingly. This closed-loop or open-loop system is particularly beneficial for patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, where precise oxygen and glucose management interactively can prevent complications and improve outcomes. Oxygen/glucose biosensors represent a significant advancement in the management of emergency situations for patients with cardiovascular issues and diabetes. These biosensors are designed to monitor vital physiological parameters such as blood oxygen levels and glucose concentrations in real-time. In the instant invention, the integration of these sensors into an “advanced smart dose” system could potentially revolutionize the way patients receive care in emergency scenarios. The concept of an open or closed-loop system that adjusts medication delivery based on biosensor readings is not entirely new. However, the application of such technology in emergency care for cardiovascular and diabetic patients is an innovative approach. In cardiovascular emergencies, where every second counts, the ability to continuously monitor blood oxygen levels and adjust oxygen delivery accordingly could improve patient outcomes.
During normal daily usage, the device is contemplated to work as an open loop system, monitoring and dosing the patient as required by the physician. In certain embodiments, the amount of drug dosage via the skin and in the blood will be measured via micromachined spectrophotometry to insure dosage of drug delivered. In further embodiments, interactive drug delivery via a transdermal microneedle or transdermal patch is contemplated. A singularity or plurality of the microneedle or transdermal patch can be configured orthogonally to increase the amount of drug permeated thereby improving such administration to levels competitive with a syringe or needle administration of drugs. In addition, certain patches may apply continuous fluid medium from an optional external reservoir via glass or plastic vials of one or more drug solution, but without the use of a hypodermic needle for infusion of a pharmaceutical. Such vials may be connected to tubes to four or more transdermal patches for active or passive transdermal drug delivery. Furthermore, when using the external reservoir, the delivery of drugs transdermally can be regulated and monitored through a computer chip and “pump” administration system interactively via a ledger system such as block chain that records the titration rate, amount and dosage of medication supplied. The pump can vary the speed of introduction of the transdermal permeant at a desired rate.
Generally, an open-loop system is preferred by medical professionals when the drug response to a particular patient is poorly understood or could be susceptible to safety risks. Closed loop systems relying upon feedback are to consider the current output and alter it to the desired condition may be more preferred when dose responses and safety are better understood for the patient in terms of the drug, mode of delivery, dosage, and sensor reliability (including based on prior long-term use of the device). Further, if there are less complexities and a more predictable nature about a patient's condition and drug usage, then an open loop may be preferred. A closed loop may more easily account for and react to external disturbances. However, in a closed loop system especially when managing patient welfare, it is expected that programmed systems to monitor gain and stability of the control loop would be employed by users and/or providers.
In a typical embodiment, the computers 76 on a proprietary network are owned by medical providers or clinics. The devices 70 are in communication with the computers 76 and may transmit sensor data, readouts, device status, or processed information or data. The computers 76 are monitoring the devices 70 at all times when such devices 70 are worn by a patient, and the computers 76 are operating software to detect and respond to emergency signals from the devices 70.
Communication between the device 70 and the hospital servers 76 in
Further, such real-time data capture and transmission, and audio-visual features may be used in other embodiments where healthcare providers and/or an individual or patient may prefer interactive diagnostics. Interactive diagnostics may be used by healthcare providers as a quantitative way of assessing treatment efficacy, for example because accurate and objective measures of symptoms may be assessed through the device 70. Thus, such embodiments may be a valuable tool for clinicians in disease management. Thus, embodiments of the invention may provide for monitoring of patients between outpatient visits. Healthcare providers may also more easily, and in certain cases remotely, change or amend treatment interventions based on the needs of the individual patient.
In still other embodiments of the invention, an embodied system may provide data in clinical studies or other broad health care related data inquiries. For example, the device 70 may transmit sensor 68a-c information to the proprietary network 76 which is operated by clinical researchers, private investigators, principal investigators, the NIH, the FDA or other health authorities, or vendors such as a contract research organization. This is an improved system to collect clinical study data that had previously been collected by telephone calls and mailed questionnaires. The collected data is more accurate than that received by patient responses because it is actual recordings from sensors. Moreover, because of reduced costs and labor over telephone calls or mailings, the data may be collected more frequently thereby providing better inputs for subsequent regulatory approvals. The invention may also be used for randomized clinical trials in cases where the proprietary network 76 is gathering information from a large sampling of devices 70. For example, certain individuals having devices 70 could be selected for the randomized trial, and (assuming institutional review board approval) conditions for the automated or remote administration of medical care could be reprogrammed or changed to conduct the study in an experimental set of individuals or patients. Such embodiments may be preferable because they permit more optimal design of experiment or “powering” of clinical studies, i.e., to achieve high-quality data with the least amount of experimental subjects. This may be useful for new therapies or treatments depending on the budget of the study, and any risks to patients.
For diabetic patients, particularly those experiencing a hyperglycemic crisis, the ability to monitor glucose levels and administer insulin in real time could be life-saving. Recent research has highlighted the importance of immediate assessment and stabilization of airway and hemodynamic status in emergency departments for patients with severe hyperglycemia. The use of biosensors in this context could provide healthcare professionals with critical information more rapidly, enabling quicker decision-making and intervention. Furthermore, the development of wearable digital health technologies has shown promise in monitoring cardiovascular conditions, providing tools such as blood pressure cuffs, pulse oximeters, and glucometers that can transmit data to remote care teams. The potential to integrate these technologies into a comprehensive system that includes oxygen/glucose biosensors could enhance patient monitoring and treatment. In the realm of diabetes management, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been developed to assist with insulin dosing, demonstrating the feasibility of using technology to manage complex health conditions. An “advanced smart dose” system that incorporates AI could similarly optimize treatment regimens for diabetic patients in emergencies, adjusting insulin delivery in response to real-time biosensor data.
The wearable medical device implementation encompasses and considers various factors regarding proving the accuracy and reliability of biosensor readings, the algorithms used to determine treatment adjustments, and the overall safety and efficacy of the system. In the instant invention, the potential benefits of an “advanced smart dose” system for cardiovascular and diabetic patients in emergency care are substantial, offering the possibility of more personalized care and responsive treatment.
In the instant invention, the integration of oxygen/glucose biosensors into an advanced treatment system for emergency care presents a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes. The instant invention provides technology as an important tool in the management of cardiovascular and diabetic emergencies.
In the instant invention, interactive integration provides an improved delivery system from simple O2 masks to advanced biosensor-integrated devices improving patient care.
In the instant invention, medical professionals play a pivotal role in selecting the appropriate device based on the patient's condition, ensuring that the oxygen therapy administered is both effective and safe. The instant invention's potential to provide a tailored oxygen supply could revolutionize emergency care and the management of chronic conditions.
In the instant invention in the realm of wearable medical sensor apparatus technology, the integration of hybrid power cells presents a transformative advancement. These hybrid cells are ingeniously designed to operate as conventional batteries, yet possess the capability to harness solar energy through embedded photovoltaic cells. When the primary battery power diminishes, the solar cells activate, replenishing the energy reserves, thus ensuring an uninterrupted operation of the medical device. In the event of a complete battery failure, the device seamlessly transitions to solar power mode, drawing energy directly from sunlight, thereby guaranteeing functionality even in the most challenging situations.
In the instant invention, the patent claim for such a hybrid power cell system would emphasize its dual-nature functionality, highlighting the innovative combination of traditional and renewable energy sources within a single, compact unit. This claim details the mechanisms by which the solar cells engage to recharge the batteries and the contingency operation on solar power alone. It would also underscore the unique integration of these cells into the very fabric of the wearable technology, making it a self-sustaining solution for medical monitoring.
This hybrid system leverages the core principles of photovoltaic technology, where solar cells convert sunlight into electrical energy, a process that is both efficient and environmentally friendly. In the instant invention, by embedding these cells into textiles, the wearable medical sensors not only become less dependent on external power sources but also contribute to the sustainability goals of the healthcare industry. The patent would cover various applications of this technology, from garments that maintain body temperature to accessories that power other electronic devices, showcasing the versatility and potential of solar-powered wearables.
In the instant invention, the environmental impact of such innovation cannot be overstated. By reducing the carbon footprint associated with traditional energy consumption, the WEARABLE PERSONAL HEALTHCARE SENSOR APPARATUS represents a significant step forward in eco-friendly technology. The social implications are equally profound, as they offer off-grid communities access to medical technology that was previously unattainable due to energy constraints. The patent claim would, therefore, encompass not only the technical aspects of the hybrid power cells but also their contribution to a more sustainable and equitable world.
In the instant invention, the WEARABLE PERSONAL HEALTHCARE SENSOR APPARATUS for the hybrid power cells in wearable medical sensor apparatus technology would articulate the technical specifications, the method of energy conversion and storage, the operational protocols under various power conditions, and the broader implications for sustainability and social impact. The present invention would serve as a legal and technical blueprint for implantation of self-sufficient, solar-powered medical wearable device, providing for a new era of health monitoring and environmental consciousness.
This patent claim format outlines the components and functionalities of a novel wearable sensor medical device designed to monitor and treat oxygen levels in patients, particularly useful in emergency medical situations. The instant invention integrates advanced technology to ensure efficient and responsive care, improving patient outcomes by preventing hypoxia and its associated risks.
In the realm of medical device innovation, particularly concerning oxygen delivery systems, a non-rebreather mask designed for delivering oxygen to a patient is provided, the mask comprising:
The innovative aspects of the non-rebreather mask design, include its safety features, contamination filters, and integrated monitoring system, which collectively contribute to a more effective and responsive oxygen delivery solution in emergency medical scenarios and for patients with chronic conditions requiring oxygen therapy. The instant invention is flexible to be used with any oxygen system.
The present invention also relates to a wearable device designed to incorporate a novel invasive and non-invasive sensor technologies for diagnostic purposes ie. An A1C test, or hemoglobin A1C test, measures the percentage of red blood cells that have hemoglobin coated with sugar, also known as glycated hemoglobin. The test can help determine diabetes risk or onset, and show how well someone is controlling their blood sugar.
The instant invention provides an alternative for wearable, continuous, and real-time health monitoring, facilitating the early detection of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. It can also efficiently monitor athletes' lactate levels, an indication of exhaustion and tissue hypoxia, which affect their performance. This development is especially pertinent to areas including chronic disease management, population-wide screening, remote patient monitoring, and sport physiology.
The present invention also relates to Wearable Sensor for Non-Invasive, Real-Time Detection of Solid-State Epidermal Biomarkers, a wearable device designed to incorporate a novel invasive and non-invasive sensor technology for the continuous, real-time detection of solid-state epidermal biomarkers (SEB). These biomarkers represent a new category of health indicators that can be monitored non-invasively, directly on the skin's surface.
Traditional methods of health monitoring have relied on the analysis of biofluid samples, such as blood, urine, and sweat. These methods can be invasive, intermittent, and inconvenient for continuous monitoring. The need for a non-invasive, real-time monitoring solution is evident in the management of chronic diseases, population-wide screening, remote patient monitoring, and sports physiology.
The present invention encompasses, but is not limited to, a wearable sensor designed with hydrogel technology, which is not only stretchable but also inclusive of additional features. This innovative sensor transcends the constraints of existing biofluid-based detection methods by facilitating the direct measurement of SEB on the skin's surface. Owing to its hydrogel-based composition, the sensor offers exceptional pliability and is highly congruent with the skin's epidermal layer, thereby guaranteeing both comfort for the user and precise data acquisition.
The sensor operates by detecting fluctuations in the concentration of biomarkers such as cholesterol and lactate on the skin. For instance, the sensor can efficiently monitor lactate levels, which are indicative of exhaustion and tissue hypoxia, thus affecting athletic performance. The ability to detect such biomarkers in real-time facilitates the early diagnosis of conditions like cardiovascular diseases and stroke.
The wearable sensor offers several advantages over existing technologies, including:
The present invention includes a wearable device comprising a hydrogel-based sensor for the detection of solid-state epidermal biomarkers. The device can be provided wherein the sensor is capable of continuous, real-time monitoring without the need for biofluid samples. The device can be provided wherein the sensor is stretchable and conforms to the contours of the skin. A method for non-invasive health monitoring, comprising detecting SEB directly on the skin using the device is provided.
In the instant invention, the use of wearable sensors, whether invasive or non-invasive, signifies a breakthrough in health monitoring technology. The inclusion of an innovative approach to detecting SEB offers a convenient, efficient, and non-invasive alternative for individuals and healthcare providers alike, with potential applications spanning various aspects of health and wellness monitoring.
The present invention leverages wearable sensors to mark a significant advancement in health monitoring technologies. These sensors, which can be either invasive or non-invasive, offer a pioneering method for the detection of stress-induced bioresponses (SEB). This novel approach presents a practical, effective, and non-intrusive solution that benefits both individuals and healthcare professionals. The potential applications of this technology are extensive, encompassing a wide range of health and wellness monitoring scenarios.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, while various embodiments and examples of this invention have been described above, these descriptions are given for purposes of illustration and explanation, and not limitation. Variations, changes, modifications, and departures from the systems, apparatus and methods disclosed above may be adopted without departure from the spirit and scope of this invention. Moreover, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and substitutions may be made to the foregoing description of preferred embodiments and examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Further, the purpose of the Abstract is to enable the various patent offices and the public generally, and especially practitioners in the art patients, care providers, health care providers, and those who manage or supervise or purchase and/or evaluate technology for or on behalf of the same, but who may not be familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of the technical disclosure of the application. The Abstract is not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/670,902 filed May 14, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62670902 | May 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17055201 | Nov 2020 | US |
| Child | 18814560 | US |
