Patent Grant
7970862
The present invention relates generally to web services and, more specifically, to system that provides client-customizable web services templates.
During the past decade, the Internet has grown exponentially both with regard to the number of users and the types of services offered. Some area of interest is human to program communications that enable users to order and sell products, conduct research, place telephone calls, query online databases, and so on. These functions can be grouped user the term “web interactions.” Another area of interest is program-to-program (P2P) communication via a set of standards such as simple object access protocol (SOAP), hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) and web services description language (WSDL). These functions can be grouped under the term “web services.”
Currently, many web services decouple various component parts or aspects of an implementation from each other to provide modularity in development, testing, deployment and use. Examples of decoupled web service aspects include, but are not limited to, transport, platform, programming language, and component implementation design. However, typically web services do not decouple components with respect to issues such as changing requirements relating to more or less information and changes to the web service's information model
This issue creates a “response conundrum,” which includes the following aspects:
The response conundrum is a long standing problem that has never been well addressed in a program-to-program (P2P) communication area. In the database (DB) area this problem is solved by a structured query language (SQL) query sent to a DB. SQL enables a requester to both control the amount and form of the query results and to be isolated (assuming the query follows good practices) from many extensions or other modifications that might occur to the target DB. However, this approach is not practical for general P2P communication as DB query languages are typically too complex for applications to process effectively.
Several acronyms are used in this Specification within an exemplary architecture that supports the claimed subject matter. The acronyms are as follows:
What is needed is a method to allow Web Services requestors to control the form and quantity of information returned and of isolating a requestor from changes in the provider's information model until the requestor's implementation is evolved to support the changes.
Provided is a Web Services Response Template (WSRT) that addresses the above mentioned issues by allowing a requestor to explicitly specify, in a response template included in each request, what information is to be returned by the request. This means:
WSRTs are specifically designed to allow the type of control needed in program-to-program (P2P) communication, while being very efficiently and simply processed by a web service. Thus WSRTs address age-old, and very serious difficulties that arise in typical distributed, P2P communication without adding much overhead or complexity to either a service requestor or a service provider. The efficiency and flexibility afforded by WSRTs is essential to emerging enterprise architectures based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture).
A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained when the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings.
Although described with particular reference to a Java-based web service, the claimed subject matter can be implemented in any web service architecture in which the decoupling of requests and responses and is desirable. Those with skill in the computing arts will recognize that the disclosed embodiments have relevance to a wide variety of computing environments in addition to those described below. In addition, the methods of the disclosed invention can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion can be implemented using specialized logic; the software portion can be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system such as a microprocessor, personal computer (PC) or mainframe.
In the context of this document, a “memory” or “recording medium” can be any means that contains, stores, communicates, propagates, or transports the program and/or data for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device. Memory and recording medium can be, but are not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor system, apparatus or device. Memory an recording medium also includes, but is not limited to, for example the following: a portable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), and a portable compact disk read-only memory or another suitable medium upon which a program and/or data may be stored.
Account object 102 includes an object name 104, or “Account,” a number of attributes, or data elements, 106 and a number of methods, or functions, 108. Data elements 106 include an “accountID” attribute, a “creation Date” attribute and an “accountProfile” attribute. AccountID attribute uniquely identifies a particular instantiation of object 102. CreationDate attribute stores information relating to the date and time a particular instantiation of class 102 was created. AccountProfile attribute is an associated instantiation of AccountProfile class 112 that stores information related to the corresponding instantiation of object 102.
Account 102 functions, or “methods,” 108 include a “bankingAccounts” method and a “bankingAccountsByType” method. BankingAccounts method takes no arguments and includes logic to return a list of bankingAccount objects 122 associated with a particular instantiation of account object 102. In other words, bankingAccounts method is called by a particular instantiation of account object 102 and returns a list of bankingAccount objects 122 associated with the object 102 that generated the call. In a similar fashion, bankingAccountsByType method returns the bankingAccount 122 associated with a calling Account object 102 with the returned objects 122 sorted by type, which is an attribute 126 of object 122.
An accountProfile object 112 includes an object name 114, or “AccountProfile,” a number of attributes, or data elements, 116 and, in this example no methods, or functions, 118. Data elements 116 include a “userID” attribute, a “password” attribute, an “address” attribute, a “fullName” attribute, and “email” attribute and an “creditCard” attribute. As mentioned above, there is a one-to-one relationship between an instantiation of an object 102 and an object 112. Attributes 116 of a particular instantiation of object 112 serve to identify a person or business associated with the corresponding instantiation of account object 102. Attributes 116 are self-explanatory and are merely listed for the purposes of illustration, having no particular significance to the claimed subject matter.
BankingAccount object 122 includes an object name 124, or “BankingAccount,” a number of attributes, or data elements, 126 and a number of methods, or functions, 128. Data elements 126 include a “type” attribute, a “number” attribute and a “description” attribute. As mentioned above, there is a one-to-many relationship between an instantiation of an object 102 and an object 122. Type attribute describes an account type of a corresponding instantiation of bankingAccount 122. Examples of type of account include, but are not limited to, checking accounts, savings account and loan accounts. In this example, type attribute is employed by bankingAccountsByType method of account 102 to sort bankingAccount 122. Number Attribute stores information that enables a particular instantiation of bankingAccount 122 to be identified; i.e. an account number. Description attribute is a data field that stores descriptive information about a corresponding bankingAccount 122.
BankingAccount 122 functions, or “methods,” 128 include a “transactions” method and a “transactionsByDate” method. Transactions method takes no arguments and includes logic to return a list of transaction objects 132 associated with a particular instantiation of bankingAccount object 122. In other words, bankingAccounts method is called by a particular instantiation of bankingAccount object 122 and returns a list of transaction objects 132 associated with the object 122 that generated the call. In a similar fashion, tranactionsByDate method returns the transactions 132 associated with a calling bankingAccount object 122 with the returned objects 132 sorted by date, which is an attribute 136 of object 132.
Each instantiation of bankingAccount 122 may be associated with a number, or “0 . . . N,” transactions 132. Transaction object 132 includes an object name 134, or “Transaction,” a number of attributes, or data elements, 136 and, in this example no methods, or functions, 138. Data elements 136 include an “transactionID” attribute, a “date” attribute, a “description” attribute, a “type” attribute and a “value” attribute. For the most part, attributes 136 are self-explanatory and are merely listed for the purposes of illustration, having no particular significance to the claimed subject matter. In this example, date attribute is employed by transactionsByDate method of bankkingAccount 122 to sort transactions 132.
It should be noted that information model 100 is used for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Those with skill in the computing arts should recognize that the claimed subject matter is applicable in almost any subject area other than banking and bank accounts. In addition, information model 100 is not intended to show a working information model for the banking industry. Of course, such a model would necessarily be much more complex with different and additional classes, attributes and methods.
Also during development time 152, UML/XMI document 156 is employed to generate a web services descriptor language (WSDL) document 162. Like XML schema 158, WSDL document 162 is generated using WST tooling. WSDL document 162 is then employed by client-side developers, using WSDLs Java and WST tooling, to generate WST generated access code, or proxy, 164. Java is a programming language published by Sun Microsystems, Inc. of Santa Clara Calif.
During a run-time phase 154, template files 160, which are deployed in a template factory 166 are employed by client-side developers code to generate a template instance 168, which is a modified template file 160 designed to fit the client current needs and mirror a particular information model, in this example, UML information model 100. Template instance 168 is then modified, based upon WST generated proxy 164, by client-side code to create a WST request 170, which is then transmitted to a targeted web service 172. Standard web services covert WST request 170 into serialized XML messages that are transmitted to the particular service provider 172.
Account 102 also includes a creationDate attribute 184, which is of type select, an accountProfile attribute 186, which is of type “AccountProfile.” i.e. represents a collection of AccountProfile objects 112. As illustrated in conjunction with
AccountProfile class 112 includes userID attribute 192, which is of type select, password attribute 194, which is of type select, address attribute 196, which is of type select, fullName attribute 198, which is of type select, email attribute 200, which is of type select, and creditCard attribute 202, which is of type select.
Some notations employed throughout schemas 180, 220 (see
The following is a sample of a template such as bankingAccountTemplate 222 that conforms to the above schemes 180 (
The following illustrates how WSRTs might be used in client-side code.
JavaBeans 270 are self-contained software components that can be controlled dynamically and assembled to form software applications. In this example, JavaBeans 270 are typically generated by the provider, or web server, side developers.
During a run-time 264, WST request 170 (
The following code illustrates one exemplary, invocation of service logic component 274:
In this example, an account and data in the account is being accessed. Of course, other types of service operations may be invoked.
The following code illustrates one exemplary, invocation of navigator 276:
Navigator 276 is an automated process that collects data requested in WST request 170, fills a corresponding response template in conjunction with java beans 278 and transmits the response template back to the requestor. Navigator 276 may also verify the requestor and validate the request.
The following illustrates what a “filled-in” response template might look like based on the example described above in
Process 300 starts in a “Begin WSRT Definition” block 302 and proceeds immediately to a “Define Information Model” block 304. During block 304, a service provider defines an information model, such as UML information model 100 (
The following code segment is an example of an XML schema based upon information model 100:
During a “Generate Sample Templates” block 308, process 300, in WSDL 266 (
The following is an example of a request template schema based upon the XML schema illustrated above:
The following is an example of a response template schema based upon the XML schema illustrated above:
Finally, process 300 proceeds to an “End WSRT. Definition” block 319 during which the definition phase of the claimed subject matter is complete.
The following is an example of a request template, based upon the request template schema illustrated above, that incorporates specific data requests:
During a “Transmit Request” block 330, the client sends WST request 170 to the targeted service provider 172. During a “Process Request” block 332, the targeted web service provider, after receiving the request, extracts the customized template from WST request 170. During a “Fill-In Request” block 334, service provider 172 fills in the template, incorporates the template within a WST response (not shown) using common utility components such as components 272, 274, 276 and 278 (
The following is an example of a response template, based upon the response template schema illustrated above, that incorporates the data requested in the request template illustrated above:
During a “Return Request Response” block 236, service provider 172 transmits the filled-in template within the WST response back to the requesting client. During a “Receive and Process Response” block 338, the client that transmitted WST request 170 receives the WST response and extracts and processes the requested information. Finally, during an “End WSRT Operation” block 339, process 320 is complete.
Some important characteristics of the claimed subject matter are as follows:
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, including but not limited to additional, less or modified elements and/or additional, less or modified blocks performed in the same or a different order.
The present application is a continuation and claims the benefit of the filing date of an application entitled, “Web Services Response Templates” Ser. No. 11/111,505, filed Apr. 21, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,702,746 issued on Apr. 20, 2010, assigned to the assignee of the present application, and herein incorporated by reference.
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| 6243737 | Flanagan et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6324521 | Shiota et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6835884 | Iwamoto et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100094913 A1 | Apr 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11111505 | Apr 2005 | US |
| Child | 12635460 | US |
