Patent Grant
8371368
The present invention relates generally to an assembly for subterranean fluid production and, more particularly (although not necessarily exclusively), to an assembly that includes a member disposed in an opening of an assembly body, where milling the member is easier than milling the body.
Hydrocarbons can be produced through a wellbore traversing a subterranean formation. The wellbore may be relatively complex. For example, the wellbore can include multilateral wellbores and/or sidetrack wellbores. Multilateral wellbores include one or more lateral wellbores extending from a parent (or main) wellbore. A sidetrack wellbore is a wellbore that is diverted from a first general direction to a second general direction. A sidetrack wellbore can include a main wellbore in a first direction and a secondary wellbore diverted from the main wellbore and in a second general direction. A multilateral wellbore can include a window to allow lateral wellbores to be formed. A sidetrack wellbore can include a window to allow the wellbore to be diverted to the second general direction.
A window can be formed by positioning a casing joint and a whipstock in a casing string at a desired location in the main wellbore. The whipstock can deflect one or more mills laterally (or in another orientation) relative to the casing string. The deflected mills penetrate part of the casing joint to form the window in the casing string through which drill bits can form the lateral wellbore or the secondary wellbore.
Casing joints are often made from high-strength material. The high-strength material may also be non-corrosive to withstand corrosive elements, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, which may be present in the subterranean environment. Milling a portion of the high-strength material can be difficult and can create a large amount of debris, such as small pieces of the casing joint, that can affect detrimentally well completion and hydrocarbon production. Even casing joints having a portion of a sidewall with a smaller thickness through which a window can be milled can introduce debris, particularly if the casing joints are made from a dense, high-strength material. The debris can prevent the whipstock from being retrieved easily after milling is completed, plug flow control devices, damage seals, obstruct seal bores, and interfere with positioning components in the main bore below the casing joint.
Casing joints with pre-milled windows can be used to reduce or eliminate debris. The pre-milled windows can include a fiberglass (or aluminum) outer liner to prevent particulate materials from entering the inner diameter of the casing string. The fiberglass outer liner can be milled easily and milling the fiberglass outer liner can result in less debris as compared to drilling a window through a casing joint made from high-strength material.
The casing joint can experience high pressure in a subterranean formation. Additional support may be desired in view of the high pressure on the casing joint to prevent the fiberglass inner sleeve from collapsing or bursting. An aluminum sleeve can be provided exterior to the casing joint at the location of the window to provide the additional support. O-rings can be provided at each end of the aluminum sleeve to provide a seal between the aluminum sleeve and the casing joint.
The aluminum sleeves and the O-rings increase the outer diameter of the casing string. In some applications, the outer diameter may be increased by one or more inches. But, an increase in outer diameter can be unacceptable in some situations.
Therefore, an assembly through which a window can be formed is desirable that can provide sufficient support for a casing string and avoid requiring an increase in the outer diameter of the casing string. An assembly that can avoid introducing an unacceptable amount of debris after the window is formed through milling is also desirable. An assembly that can be implemented with a casing joint made from a non-corrosive material is also desirable.
Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to assemblies that include a body and a member that is made from a different material that the material from which the body is made. The member can be located in an opening in the body and can be coupled or otherwise connected to the body. The member coupled to the body can define an inner diameter and form a seal for the inner diameter. The member can be milled to access an environment exterior to the member and the body for example to create a branch wellbore.
In one aspect, an assembly capable of being disposed in a bore is provided. The assembly includes a body and a member. The body can be made from a first material. It can include a wall that has an opening. The member can be disposed in the opening and coupled to the body. The member can be made from a second material that has a tensile strength that is lower than the tensile strength of the first material. At least part of the member can be milled after being disposed in the bore.
In at least one embodiment, the member can be coupled to the body by a weld connected to the first material and to the second material.
In at least one embodiment, the member can be coupled to the body by at least one of a rivet, a flange, brazing, or a bonding agent.
In at least one embodiment, the member is coupled to the body to form a seal between an inner diameter of the body and an outer diameter of the body.
In at least one embodiment, the first material is a corrosive resistant alloy.
In at least one embodiment, the second material is at least one of carbon steel or aluminum alloy.
In at least one embodiment, the assembly is one of a transition joint or a casing joint.
In at least one embodiment, the assembly includes an inner diameter and an inner sleeve. The inner diameter is defined by the body and the member. The inner sleeve is disposed in the inner diameter and adjacent to at least part of the member. The inner sleeve can prevent the member from being displaced into the inner diameter.
In at least one embodiment, the inner sleeve is coupled to the body.
In at least one embodiment, the member includes an outer diameter portion and an inner diameter portion. The outer diameter portion can be disposed exterior to the body. The inner diameter portion can be disposed in an inner diameter defined by the body and the member. The inner diameter portion and the outer diameter portion can couple the member to the body.
In one aspect, an assembly capable of being disposed in a bore is provided. The assembly includes a generally tubular body and a member. The generally tubular body includes an opening. The member is disposed in the opening and coupled to the generally tubular body. The member is a different material from the body. The member coupled to the generally tubular body defines an inner diameter and provides a seal between the inner diameter and an environment exterior to the member coupled to the generally tubular body. At least part of the member is capable of being milled after being disposed in the bore.
In another aspect, an assembly capable of being disposed in a bore is provided. The assembly includes a generally tubular body and a member. The generally tubular body is made from a first material. It includes a wall that has an opening. The member is disposed in the opening and coupled to the generally tubular body. The member is made from a second material that has a tensile strength that is lower than the tensile strength of the first material. The member coupled to the generally tubular body defines an inner diameter and provides a seal between the inner diameter and an environment exterior to the member coupled to the generally tubular body.
In at least one embodiment, the member includes a tapered surface shape.
These illustrative aspects and embodiments are mentioned not to limit or define the invention, but to provide examples to aid understanding of the inventive concepts disclosed in this application. Other aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent after review of the entire application.
Certain aspects and embodiments of the present invention relate to assemblies capable of being disposed in a bore, such as a wellbore, of a subterranean formation and through which a window can be formed. An assembly according to certain embodiments of the present invention can provide support for a casing string in a high pressure and high temperature environment of a subterranean well, while avoiding an increase in the outer diameter of the casing string and avoiding introducing a large amount of debris after the window is formed through milling. An example of a high pressure and high temperature subterranean wellbore environment is one with a pressure greater than 2500 PSI and a temperature greater than 250° F.
In some embodiments, the assembly includes components that include a body and a member that are made from different materials. The body can be made from a high-strength material that can retain its original structure and integrity for a long time in a high pressure and high temperature subterranean environment. The member can be made from a lower strength material that can retain its original structure and integrity for a shorter amount of time in the high pressure and high temperature subterranean environment and that can be milled easier than the high-strength material. For example, the material from which the member is made can have a lower tensile strength than the material from which the body is made.
The body can include a wall, such as a sidewall, with an opening that is a pre-milled window. The member can be positioned in the opening and coupled to the body. In some embodiments, the member coupled to the body defines an inner diameter and provide a seal between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the member and the body. The seal between the inner diameter and the outer diameter provides a seal to the inner diameter from the environment in the outer diameter and to the outer diameter from the inner diameter. The seal can assist in preventing both burst and collapse.
The member can retain its general shape and integrity during positioning of the assembly in a wellbore and for at least some amount of time in the wellbore after positioning. The member can generate less debris after being milled as compared to the body. Furthermore, the member can provide less resistance to milling than the body. Accordingly, a whipstock or deflector can be positioned relative to the member in the opening of the body to deflect a mill toward the member to form a branch wellbore from a parent wellbore by milling through the member and through the subterranean formation adjacent to the member.
A “parent wellbore” is a wellbore from which another wellbore is drilled. It is also referred to as a “main wellbore.” A parent or main wellbore does not necessarily extend directly from the earth's surface. For example, it could be a branch wellbore of another parent wellbore.
A “branch wellbore” is a wellbore drilled outwardly from its intersection with a parent wellbore. Examples of branch wellbores include a lateral wellbore and a sidetrack wellbore. A branch wellbore can have another branch wellbore drilled outwardly from it such that the first branch wellbore is a parent wellbore to the second branch wellbore.
These illustrative examples are given to introduce the reader to the general subject matter discussed here and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concepts. The following sections describe various additional embodiments and examples with reference to the drawings in which like numerals indicate like elements and directional descriptions are used to describe the illustrative embodiments but, like the illustrative embodiments, should not be used to limit the present invention.
The casing string 16 includes an assembly 18 interconnected with the casing string 16. The assembly 18 can include an opening 20 in which a member 22 is located. The member 22 can be coupled to a body 24 of the assembly 18. The assembly 18 can be positioned at a desired location to form a branch wellbore 26 from the parent wellbore 12. The desired location can be an intersection 28 between the parent wellbore 12 and the branch wellbore 26. The assembly 18 can be positioned using various techniques. Examples of positioning techniques include using a gyroscope and using an orienting profile.
Branch wellbore 26 is depicted with dotted lines to indicate it has not yet formed. To form the branch wellbore 26, a whipstock can be positioned in the inner diameter of the casing string 16 relative to the member 22 of the assembly 18 and below the intersection 28. For example, keys or dogs associated with the whipstock can cooperatively engage an orienting profile to anchor the whipstock to the casing string 16 and to orient rotationally an inclined whipstock surface toward the member 22.
Cutting tools, such as mills and drills, are lowered through the casing string 16 and deflected toward the member 22. The cutting tools mill through the member 22 and the subterranean formation adjacent to the window to form the branch wellbore 26. In some embodiments, the member 22 is made from a material that is different from the material from which the body 24 is made and that has a lower strength than the material from which the body 24 is made. The member 22 can be configured to support the assembly 18 when the assembly 18 is positioned and after positioning, without requiring an external sleeve or otherwise. Certain embodiments of the member 22 can generate less debris during milling as compared to the body 24.
Assemblies according to various embodiments of the present invention can be in any desirable configuration to support branch wellbore formation and to interconnect with a casing string.
The material from which the body 32 is made can be any material capable of retaining a general shape and integrity in a subterranean wellbore environment, including a high pressure and high temperature environment. In some embodiments, the body 32 is made from a corrosion resistant alloy such as 13-chromium, 28-chromium, or other stainless steel or nickel alloy. In some embodiments, the body 32 is any material that has a corrosion resistance that is greater than the material from which the member 34 is made.
The material from which the member 34 is made can be any material that has a tensile strength that is lower than the tensile strength of the material from which the body 32 is made. In some embodiments, the material from which the member 34 is made has a hardness that is lower than the hardness of the material from which the body 32 is made. Hardness can be measured via any scale, such as Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell C scale. Examples of material from which the member 34 can be made include aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper-based alloys, magnesium alloys, free-cutting steels, cast irons, carbon fiber, reinforced carbon fiber, and low carbon steel alloys, such as 1026 steel alloy and 4140 steel alloy.
The body 32 includes an opening 36 that is a window through which a branch wellbore can be formed. The opening 36 can be formed in a sidewall portion of the body 32, which is generally tubular.
The member 34 can be coupled to the body 32 by any suitable devices or methods. Examples of such devices or methods include a weld, a rivet, a flange, brazing, and a bonding agent. In some embodiments, the member 34 coupled to the body 32 forms an inner diameter and seals the inner diameter from pressures that are exterior to the assembly 30 and seals the outer diameter from pressures that are interior to the assembly 30.
The body 32 also includes end components 39 capable of interconnecting the assembly 30 to a casing string. When the assembly 30 is disposed in a wellbore, a cutting tool can be deflected toward the opening 36 in which the member 34 is disposed. Because the member 34 has a lower tensile strength than the body 32, the cutting tool can be guided to the member 34 because it presents to the cutting tool a lower resistance than does the body 32. The cutting tool can mill through the member 34 and create the branch wellbore, such as a lateral wellbore or a sidetrack wellbore.
In a completed assembly, the member 44 is located in the opening 46 and is coupled to the body 42. The opening 46 and the member 44 have a semi-circular cross-section shape and a generally rectangular surface shape, instead of a tapered shape as in
Assemblies are depicted as including an opening in part of a circumferential portion of a body. Assemblies according to various embodiments can include openings and members of any size and shape. In some embodiments, a body of an assembly includes an opening in an entire circumferential portion of the body and includes a member located in the opening and coupled to the body.
Various types of devices or methods can be used to couple a member to a body in an assembly.
In other embodiments, the member 60 includes one of the outer diameter portions 66 or the inner diameter portions 68, but not both. The portions present can be coupled to the body 64 using the connector 69 or otherwise, to couple the member 60 to the body 64. Furthermore, other types of connection devices and methods, other than the connector 69 shown in
Various assemblies according to embodiments of the present invention can eliminate a requirement for a sleeve, liner, or other component that increases the outer diameter or the inner diameter of an assembly. Other assembly embodiments include a liner and/or sleeve to increase the strength of a member of the assembly.
The sleeve 74 and the inner sleeve 82 can be made from any suitable material. Suitable materials include aluminum and low carbon steel. Assemblies according to other embodiments, include one of a sleeve or an inner sleeve, but not both.
Assemblies according to various embodiments of the present invention can be used as casing joints, such as the assembly depicted in
The assembly 90 can be interconnected with a casing string 95 used to mill the lateral bore 94. The assembly 90 can include a body 96 that includes an opening 98 facing a downward end of the parent bore 92. A member 100 can be disposed in the opening 98 and coupled to the body 96. The member 100 can be made from a different material from the material from which the body 96 is made. For example, the material from which the member 100 is made can have a lower tensile strength than the material from which the body 96 is made.
The member 100 can provide support to the assembly 90 during and after positioning downhole. After the lateral bore 94 is created, and completed in some embodiments, production may be desired from the parent bore 92. A cutting tool, such as a mill, can be positioned downhole and configured to cut through the member 100 located in the opening 98 of the body 96. Less debris can be created by milling the member 100 as compared to milling a portion of the body 96. After milling through the member 100, formation fluids can be produced.
The foregoing description of the embodiments, including illustrated embodiments, of the invention has been presented only for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Numerous modifications, adaptations, and uses thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention.
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