For purposes of forming a well to extract a hydrocarbon-based fluid (oil or natural gas) from a hydrocarbon-bearing geological formation, a wellbore is first drilled into the formation and completion equipment, which includes a complex system of tubes and valves, is installed in the wellbore. The completion equipment may include sand control equipment, such as screens, fluid communication control valves, filtering media and a tubing string to communicate well fluid to the Earth surface (for production) or communicate fluid into the well (for injection). More specifically, the completion equipment may include screen assemblies, which may each include a screen, a base pipe and a fluid communication control device. In this manner, the base pipe may include radial ports, which permit communication between the inner passageway of the tubing string and the region outside of the screen; depending on the state of the fluid communication control device. In general, the fluid communication control device permits adjustment of the inflow (for production) or outflow (for injection), which accounts for unexpected reservoir flow performance as well as a reservoir flow performance that may change over time.
In an example implementation, an apparatus includes a base pipe, a screen and a first assembly. The screen at least partially circumscribes the base pipe to create a flow path between a first region that is outside of the screen and a second region that is inside the base pipe. The flow path includes at least one radial port of the base pipe and a third region between the screen and the exterior of the base pipe. The first assembly regulates fluid communication through the flow path. The first assembly includes a second assembly that is disposed in and mounted to the base pipe and a flow control device that is slidably connected to the second assembly. The flow control device is adapted to translate between at least two positions to regulate the fluid communication through the flow path.
In another example implementation, a technique that is usable with a well includes inserting a fluid communication control interface into a central passageway of a base pipe of a screen assembly proximate to at least one radial port of the base pipe. The technique includes securing the fluid communication control interface to the base pipe and slidably mounting a sleeve to the interface to regulate fluid communication between the radial port(s) and the central passageway of the base pipe.
In yet another example implementation, a system that is usable with a well includes a tubing string to communicate fluid between an Earth surface and a downhole annular region. The tubing string includes at least one screen assembly, which includes a base pipe, a screen and a first assembly. The screen at least partially circumscribes the base pipe and is positioned downhole to create the annular region. The screen is adapted to create a flow path between the annular region and a second region inside the base pipe. The flow path includes at least one radial port of the base pipe and a third region between the screen and the exterior of the base pipe. The first assembly regulates fluid communication through the flow path and includes a second assembly and a sleeve. The screen assembly is disposed in and mounted to the base pipe, and the sleeve slidably connected to the second assembly. The sleeve is adapted to be translated by a tool, which is run downhole inside the tubing string between at least two positions to regulate the fluid communication through the flow path.
Advantages and other desired features will become apparent from the following drawings, description and claims.
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
In the specification and appended claims: the terms “connect”, “connection”, “connected”, “in connection with”, and “connecting” are used to mean “in direct connection with” or “in connection with via another element”; and the term “set” is used to mean “one element” or “more than one element”. As used herein, the terms “up” and “down”, “upper” and “lower”, “upwardly” and downwardly”, “upstream” and “downstream”; “above” and “below”; and other like terms indicating relative positions above or below a given point or element are used in this description to more clearly describe implementations. Moreover, the term “sealing mechanism” includes: packers, bridge plugs, downhole valves, sliding sleeves, baffle-plug combinations, polished bore receptacle (PBR) seals, and other methods and devices for blocking the flow of fluids through the wellbore.
Techniques are disclosed herein for purposes of installing and using a fluid communication control device in a tubing string of a well completion. More specifically, techniques and systems are disclosed herein for installing an assembly that includes a flow control device, such as a sliding sleeve-type valve (as a non-limiting example), inside a screen assembly of a well completion for purposes of regulating fluid communication between a central passageway of the screen assembly and an annular region outside of the assembly. It is noted that the regulated flow may be a production flow or an injection flow, depending on the particular implementation. For purposes of clarifying the following discussion, it is assumed that the regulated flow is a production flow, although the techniques and systems that are disclosed herein may likewise be applied to injection systems, as can be appreciated by the skilled artisan.
One way to install a flow control device in a screen assembly is to install the flow control device as part of a sleeve valve that, in turn, forms a segment, or sub, of a base pipe. In this manner, the “base pipe” refers to the inner pipe of the sleeve valve, which defines the central passageway of the valve and thus, defines part of the overall tubing string that contains the sleeve valve. The base pipe may contain both radial ports (inflow control devices (ICDs)) for inflow communication as well as a sliding sleeve that is disposed inside the ICDs for purposes of allowing the selective regulation of flow through the ICDs. With this approach, the wall thickness of the sub may be relatively large as compared to the thickness of other regions of the base pipe to accommodate the relatively high flow rate through the ICDs, as the thickness imparts sufficient mechanical strength to the base pipe. Moreover, with this approach, relatively expensive threaded connections may be used for purposes of coupling the sub inline with the adjacent segments of the base pipe.
In accordance with example systems and techniques that are disclosed herein, a flow control assembly and more particularly, a sliding sleeve-based flow control assembly, is inserted and installed inside a base pipe, instead of being installed as a inline section, or sub, of the base pipe. With such an arrangement, relatively expensive threaded connections may be avoided.
Referring to
As depicted in the example of
For the example that is depicted in
In general, in accordance with example implementations, each screen assembly 40 may be associated with a particular segment, or zone, of the wellbore 12 and includes a screen 44 that generally circumscribes a base pipe 46 of the assembly 40 for purposes of preventing the production of particulates (called “sand”) into a central passageway 32 of the tubing string 30. For purposes of regulating the inflow in a given zone, the screen assembly 40 includes a sliding sleeve-based flow control assembly. More specifically, in accordance with example implementations, which are disclosed herein, one or more LCDs are installed in a given screen assembly 40 as part of the fluid communication control interface assembly 48, which is inserted into the central passageway 32 of the tubing string 30. Due to the fluid communication control interface assembly 48 being disposed inside the base pipe 46 (i.e., inside the wall of the tubing string 30), the base pipe 46 is the load carrying element of the assembly 48, i.e., transfers the longitudinally-applied forces of the tubing string 30.
In general, as further disclosed below, the fluid communication control interface assembly 48 may be secured to the base pipe 46 using any of a number of mountings, as can appreciated by the skilled artisan, such as a mounting via glue, a welded connection, a threaded fastener (a bolt, for example), a wedge, and so forth. Fluid communication through the fluid communication control interface assembly 48 may be adjusted for purposes of regulating production or injection by, for example, operating the assembly 48 using a tool (a shifting tool, for example), which is run downhole inside the central passageway 32 of the tubing string 30. In further implementations, the fluid communication control interface assembly 48 may be operated using wireless (optical, acoustic, electromagnetic signaling, for example) or wired communications as well as may be operated using a tool other than a shifting tool. Thus, many variations are contemplated, which are within the scope of the appended claims.
Thus, referring to
As a more specific example,
In general, for the example implementation that is depicted in
For the example that is depicted in
The upper section 120, as depicted in
In accordance with some implementations, the radial ports 110 may have flow rates that are established by nozzle inserts 111. Thus, the number of the radial ports 110 and the nozzle size may be selected to select the flow rate for the particular application.
As depicted in
The fluid communication control interface assembly 48 further includes seal elements 180 and 182 that straddle the radial ports 150. The seal element 180, 182 forms two fluid seals: a first fluid seal between the interface 161 and the sleeve 160; and a second fluid seal between the interface 161 and the interior surface of the base pipe 46. The seal element 180 is longitudinally disposed between the sections 120 and 124; and the seal element 182 is longitudinally disposed between the sections 124 and 126. As a non-limiting example, the seal element 180, 182 may be a ring-type seal and may be formed from an elastomer or another sealing material, as can be appreciated by the skilled artisan.
Because the interface 161 is formed from separate components, the components may be installed separately inside the base pipe 46, which permits the seals 180 and 182 to be installed in unenergized states (i.e., uncompressed to form their corresponding expanded-state seals) when the seal elements 180 and 182 are being inserted into the base pipe 46 during their installation. In this manner, as a non-limiting example, the components of the fluid communication control interface assembly 48 may be generally installed in the following order: the section 126 is first inserted into the base pipe 46 and secured via one or more threaded fasteners 190 to the base pipe 46; subsequently, the seal element 182 is inserted in its unenergized state into the central passageway of the base pipe 46; next, the interface section 124 is installed in the base pipe 46; the seal element 180 is then installed in its unenergized state into the base pipe 46; and lastly, the sleeve 160 and interface section 120 are installed into the central passageway of the base pipe 46. A force may be applied to force the upper 120 and intermediate 124 sections toward the lower section 126 for purposes of energizing the seal elements 180 and 182. With the seal elements 180 and 182 in their energized states, threaded fasteners 190 may be installed to secure the sections 120 and 124 in place. Other sequences may be employed for purposes of installing the components of the fluid communication control interface assembly 48, in accordance with other implementations. Thus, many variations are contemplated, which are within the scope of the appended claims.
In the position of the sleeve 160 that is depicted in
It is noted that other tools other than shifting tools may be employed for purposes of translating the position of the sleeve 160, in accordance with other implementations. Moreover, the sleeve 160 may have a single shifting profile, may have more than two shifting profiles and may have profiles other than those depicted in
In a further implementation, a screen assembly 195 that is depicted in
It is noted that it may be relatively challenging to install the fluid communication control interface assembly 200 as a single unit with the seal elements, as American Petroleum Institute (API) grade tubing may be used for the base pipe 46 and may have a relatively rough and relatively uneven interior surface. Therefore, in accordance with further implementations, the seal elements 212 and 220 may be formed from such materials as swellable elastomeric material, a curable material such as thermoset or cement, and so forth, which permit the seal elements 212 and 220 to be installed in unenergized states as part of the interface 201.
Referring to
More specifically, as depicted in
Thus, for this arrangement, the fluid communication control interface assembly 310 may be assembled in the following manner. First, one of the end caps 380 is deployed inside the central passageway 32; next, the integrated unit of the interface 314, the sleeve 160 and the seal elements 318, is deployed inside the central passageway 32. Next, this integrated unit is secured to the base pipe 46 via one or more threaded fasteners 190. Subsequently, the other seal element 370 is deployed into the central passageway 32, and lastly, the other end cap 380 is deployed inside the central passageway 32. Subsequently, the end caps 380 are threaded and tightened onto the interface 310 for purposes of energizing the corresponding seal elements 370. For this purpose, an installation tool may be employed that engages one or both end caps 380 and turns the end caps 380 in opposite rotational directions with respect to each other (as a non-limiting example). Thus threaded fasteners 190 secure the interface 310 to the base pipe 46.
Although the seal elements 370 are depicted in
As noted above, the base pipe 46 may have a relatively unpolished, or rough inner surface. Moreover, the base pipe 46, as delivered, may have different wall thicknesses, resulting in a potentially varying inside diameter for the base pipe 46. To accommodate this variation, the inner diameter of the base pipe 46 may be drilled or otherwise machined to a larger diameter that is common for at least pipes with the same outer diameter. Moreover, the base pipe 46 may be machined from one end into the desired location of the sleeve 160, which makes it relatively easier to install the fluid communication control interface assembly 310 and also facilitates selection of a reliable seal solution, particularly if the seal elements are pre-installed before the assembly 310 is inserted into the base pipe 46.
The interior surface of the base pipe 46 may also be machined locally in the general vicinity of the interface to improve seal properties and also for purposes of removing any ovality, which may occur inside the base pipe 46. Furthermore, one or more channels, or grooves, may be machined into the interior surface of the base pipe 46 to provide a locking mechanism and further improve the sealing surface.
More specifically, referring to
While a limited number of examples have been disclosed herein, those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover such modifications and variations.
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/500,117 entitled, “INSIDE BASE PIPE SLIDING SLEEVE-ADAPTIVE ICD,” which was filed on Jun. 22, 2011, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61500117 | Jun 2011 | US |