The present invention regards an external packer for a pipe string in a well, e.g. a completion string, a production string or an injection string. The pipe string consists of several lengths of pipe joined successively as the string is run into the well. The invention also concerns a method of leading at least one line along the pipe string and seamlessly past one or more packers of the present type.
Said line may be e.g. a hydraulic line, a fibre-optic line or another electroconductive line for transmission of actuating power or control signals to downhole well equipment. The line may also be used to transmit measurement signals from downhole measuring apparatus. Moreover, the line may be an injection line used e.g. to pump well treatment fluid into the well. The line is hereinafter simply termed a control line.
The invention is suited for use in petroleum wells, but may equally well be used in other types of wells.
Normally, at least one packer is set around and along at least one pipe string in the well. This is done among other things to separate different well zones in terms of pressure, and also to safeguard the well against outflow of well fluids or reservoir fluids. In this connection it may be necessary to lead one or more control lines of the types mentioned axially past each well packer, so that the line(s) may reach the correct location in the well. This is particularly relevant during well completion. When a control line is passed axially through and past a well packer, it is important to ensure that the guide passage(s) through the packer is/are pressure tight. By doing so, no subsequent leakage can occur between the adjacent zones separated by the packer.
According to prior art, a control line may be led past a well packer via an axial passage through the inner metal core of the well packer, the core being enclosed by an outer sealing element made from a flexible material, e.g. an elastomer. Moreover, the well packer may be provided with several axial passages for lead-through of several control-lines. The two axially opposite openings of a passage are each fitted with a coupling adapted to the type of control line in question. Thus the coupling may be a pipe coupling for a fluid-carrying pipe, or it may be a connector for an electroconductive cable. In the latter case the two connectors of the well packer may be interconnected via a suitable line located in said packer passage. Consequently, each axial side of the packer is connected to a separate length of line.
Thus the control line consists of several successive lengths of line interconnected via said couplings in each well packer. The connections are carried out at the same time as the successive assembly of the associated pipe string takes place, all while this is being lowered into a well. Continuous connection of such lengths of line is demanding and time consuming and therefore also costly. In addition, having several connectors along the control line entails a greater risk of signal deterioration or potential pressure leaks via these. If the control line is electroconductive, several connectors could also lead to a greater risk of inflow of well fluids, which may have an adverse effect on the electrical circuit in the line.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,788, on the other hand, shows a well packer with a circular and flexible sealing element which is provided with at least one axial slot in which a control line of the above type may be placed in connection with the assembly of an associated pipe string. With this, a continuous control line may be stretched out past one or more such packers without having to join one or more lengths of line. This also avoids the above disadvantages associated with the use of line connectors. This reduces the installation time for the control line and reduces the risk of pressure leaks from or via the control line, and, if appropriate, will also reduce the risk of well fluid invasion into an electroconductive cable.
The line slot according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,788 may be formed in the external surface of the flexible sealing element and face outwards in the radial direction, thereby making it easy to place a control line in the slot. During the subsequent activation and axial compression of the sealing element, the sealing element expands outwards in the radial direction until it makes peripheral contact with an external pipe or borehole wall. On further expansion of the sealing element, the flexible material of the slot wall will in principle be pressed sealingly around the conductor. However, this will require at least one peripheral layer of the sealing element to be formed in a highly pliable and malleable material such as soft rubber, which in the operating position forms a seal around the control line. However, such material properties will reduce the rigidity and shear strength of the sealing element, weakening the ability of the well packer to resist axial compressive forces in the well. When a control line is arranged in the radially outmost surface of the well packer, thus projecting a maximum distance from the pipe string, it also has poor protection against frictional damage caused by possible contact with a enclosing pipe or a borehole during run-in into a well. Similarly, said material in the peripheral layer of the sealing element may also easily sustain damage when running into the well.
The line slot according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,788 may also be formed in interfaces between individually adjacent insert components in a flexible sealing element, where, when in the operating position, the components abut each other and form the circular sealing element. Seen in relation to the previous variety, this embodiment is significantly more flexible in use. As an example, the sealing element may be assembled and positioned along the pipe string at short notice, and preferably at a well location. The line slot may also be provided in an axial bore located inside of the external surface of the sealing element, with the control line then being protected against damage when running into the well. It may however be difficult upon activation and expansion of such a discontinuous sealing element, to achieve an adequate pressure seal around the control line and between the adjoining surfaces of the individual insert components.
The object of the invention is to improve and facilitate the leading of one or more control lines past at least one well packer on the outside of a pipe string in connection with the assembly and running of this into a well. The invention also aims to avoid or reduce the above disadvantages of prior art.
The object is achieved as specified in the description below and the following claims.
Using the present invention allows protected installation of at least one continuous control line along the outside of a pipe string in a well. The term continuous line should be understood as a control line preferably completely free of joints/couplings along its overall length, or optionally that the overall length of the control line comprises only a few lengths of line interconnected preferably at positions between the well packers of the pipe string. Such a continuous control line may therefore be several kilometres long.
According to the invention, the object is achieved through each external well packer along the pipe string consisting in principle of two packer rings, which in the operating position are assembled in the radial direction. Each well packer consists of a continuous outer packer ring placed outside a continuous inner packer ring. One or more control lines are disposed in separate lead-through slots, preferably an axial slot, between the two packer rings. Hereinafter, such a lead-through slot will simply be denoted an axial slot. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,788, only one packer ring is used to enclose a control line in the operating position, which is materially different from the present well packer.
In the present well packer, the inner packer ring may consist of a separate packer unit connected to the outside of the pipe string, or it may be integrated as a specially constructed external annular portion of the pipe string. The outer packer ring, on the other hand, must consist of a separate packer unit, which in the operating position is coupled to the outside of the inner packer ring.
Both the outer and inner packer ring may consist of several packer components which in the operating position have been assembled to act as a packer ring. Moreover, packer components in a packer ring may be assembled in the axial and/or radial direction. This will be illustrated in greater detail in the following examples of embodiments. Of these packer components, at least the pressure sealing elements of each packer ring must be continuous in order for the well packer to provide optimal sealing and functional stability in the well. The fact that the present sealing elements are individually continuous also constitutes a material difference compared with the preferred embodiment of the well packer according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,173,788, where the well packer has a sealing element consisting of at least two insert components.
Said packer components may as an example comprise metal rings for locking or supporting other packer components, supporting rings or gaskets formed in certain materials with special properties, including profiled rings, together with various fastening equipment for interconnection and attachment of the packer components. Such packer components, on the other hand, are included in prior art.
Said axial slot may be formed in only one of the packer rings, preferably in the inner packer ring. Alternatively, the axial slot can be made up of a partial axial slot in each packer ring, the two partial axial slots together forming the axial slot around the control line. In the latter example therefore, the inner packer ring is formed with an axial slot in the outer surface, while the outer packer ring is formed with an axial slot in the inner surface. In the operating position, the two axial slots co-operate to form a pressure tight seal around the control line.
Actuation of the present well packer is carried out by known methods, e.g. by means of a hydraulic actuating force or a direct mechanical actuating force on the packer. The well packer may also be set in dedicated packer bores in surrounding pipes through a force fit.
When running the pipe string into the well, the outer packer ring will protect the control line(s) against direct contact with surrounding pipes or the borehole, so as to avoid any frictional damage to the line(s). Therefore, as a result of this packer design, the outer packer ring may be made from materials that have sufficient rigidity, shear strength and wear resistance to resist said friction during the run-in into the well, but which are also strong enough to resist compressive forces in the well after the packer has been set.
The invention also comprises a method of mounting a plurality of well packers of the present type on a pipe string together with a continuous control line, with assembly taking place as the pipe string is run into the well. As the packer rings in the well packer are provided with individually continuous sealing elements, the assembly of this equipment must be carried out in a certain order.
The procedure is initiated by each packer position along the outside of the pipe string being connected to or formed with an inner packer ring of the present type. These packer rings may be pre-installed or pre-machined on individual pipes prior to the delivery of the pipe string at the well location. Alternatively, an inner packer ring may be threaded around the free end of the pipe string when running this into the well, as such packer rings may then be installed consecutively during the run-in. Several known methods may be used for mounting the packer rings, e.g. heating and/or lubrication of the packer rings.
A number of outer packer rings are then set out in a logical order for subsequent feeding to the pipe string in a sequential manner. If a packer ring comprises several annular packer components, these are also set out in a logical order for subsequent feed-out and assembly of these. The number of outer packer rings should at least correspond to the number of inner packer rings to be used on the outside of the pipe string. The outer packer rings may as an example be fed from a dispenser such as a piece of piping on which the packer rings have been arranged. Said succession of outer packer rings may optionally be followed by individually continuous and flexible spare components for these. Relative to the direction of feed-out, such spare components are preferably placed sequentially behind the succession of outer packer rings. If such a flexible packer component is damaged or destroyed during mounting to the pipe string, a similar spare component can be bent in a flexible manner and led past the succession of outer packer rings in order to replace the damaged/destroyed component on the pipe string.
The at least one control line of the pipe string is then passed through all of the outer packer rings and any spare components, and then onwards along the pipe string, where the line may terminate in a free inlet/outlet, or it may be connected to well equipment at this location. Hereinafter, reference will be made to only one control line, for the sake of simplicity. When running the pipe string into the well, the control line is fed out continuously from e.g. a cable drum.
The control line is then connected to the inner packer ring of the first and in the operating position deepest well packer of the pipe string, the line being placed in the axial slot of the packer ring.
Then the most proximal of said outer packer rings is passed along the at least one control line and on to the pipe string.
The outer packer ring is then pulled over and around the control line and the inner packer ring as a sealing sleeve. If the outer packer ring is provided with a partial axial slot along its inner surface, this axial slot is placed superjacent to the control line. With this, the first and deepest well packer of the pipe string is made ready for running into the well.
More lengths of the pipe string are then assembled and run into the well, while the control line is fed out continuously along the pipe string.
Likewise, the control line is connected to an axial slot in the next inner packer ring along the pipe string, whereupon a new outer packer ring is passed up to and connected around the control line and said next inner packer ring. With this, the second well packer of the pipe string is ready for running into the well.
By repeating the above connection procedure, the control line may be connected to any possible subsequent well packers.
Finally, the control line is connected to the relevant surface equipment in a known manner.
Mounting the control line in accordance with this method avoids or reduces the above disadvantages of prior art.
Details of the present invention will be illustrated in greater detail in the following example of an embodiment.
The following describes a non-limiting example of an embodiment of the present invention.
The appended figures are schematic and may be somewhat distorted with regard to the shape, relative dimensions and mutual positioning of the components. In the following, identical details in the figures will be indicated by the same reference number.
The completion string 2 consists of individual pipes 12 that are screwed together consecutively and lowered into the well 6. In the figure, the upper, free end of the string 2 is made up of a short pipe 12′ connected to a pipe 12 of ordinary length via a pipe coupling 14. The short pipe 12′ is fitted with an inner packer ring 8, the outer surface of which has several axial slots 16. Advantageously the inner packer rings 8 of the completion string 2 are pre-installed on the outside of their respective short pipes 12′. With this, packer components on a pipe 12′, or possibly the entire pipe 12 and its inner packer ring 8, may easily be replaced if necessary. This also facilitates the addition of any further, unplanned well packers 4 to the completion string 2.
A control line 18 is then arranged in each axial slot 16 in the inner packer ring 8. For simplicity,
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20025162 | Oct 2002 | NO | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/NO03/00343 | 10/17/2003 | WO | 4/25/2005 |