Patent Application
20250237611
This disclosure is directed to a substance detector, which contains a reagent material that changes color to assist with indicating the presence of a substance, such as an opioid.
According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), over one hundred people died every day of 2016 from opioid overdose, accounting for more than 42,000 opioid related deaths in the U.S. that year alone. The annual increase in opioid addiction has been highest in Ohio and New Hampshire, with opioid overdoses increasing 70% from July 2016 to September 2017. First responders to the scenes of these overdoses must be extremely cautious of inadvertent exposure to these potent opioid substances.
Many opioids, and mixtures thereof, are extremely toxic to humans and animals and can cause severe illness and fatalities from small quantities e.g., a few milligrams or even less than 5 micrograms (μg) of certain opioids. In some cases, small quantities of opioids and mixtures thereof, are present on surfaces are not readily visible and can lead to extreme illness, unconsciousness and even death if the opioid comes in contact with compromised skin, inhaled or ingested by adjacent humans and animals. Further, traditional opioid detecting reagents themselves are often dangerous or poisonous to humans.
For instance, carfentanyl has a lethal dose of about 2 milligrams (mg), and thus, particles that inadvertently come in contact with persons in law enforcement, emergency medical services, firefighters, and other first responders could be fatal. In spite of the significant risk, there is currently no quick, cost-effective and rapid technology that enables a first responder to make a confident determination of the hazardous nature of a suspicious drug. Existing technologies for detecting the presence of opioids include Raman/IR detectors and ‘spot test’ kits. Raman and IR detectors are very accurate and can identify samples from a safe distance and without opening the packaging. However, the high cost of these hand-held detectors (4$20,000) prevents their deployment to every first responder.
Drug-detecting tests, sometimes referred to as spot tests, have been designed to differentiate among various opioids, amphetamines and other illicit drugs. These tests have been developed, modified and optimized to identify closely related classes of illicit drugs and are very useful in the prosecution of a crime. The Marquis reagent, for example, may be employed for the detection of morphine and other alkaloids, which show a red-violet color. This test has also been used as a general screening test for many drugs including various types of amphetamines. Several other tests such as Simon's reagent (for secondary amines), Mecke (for opium alkaloids), Liebermann's (for phenols), Fast blue (for cannabinoids), and Zwikker (for barbiturates) have been developed. These reagents are designed to react with functional groups of the drugs to form color compounds.
Currently, the most common drug-detecting tests come in the form of kits that include sachets that contain various ampules. The user must pick up and transfer the suspected drug to the sachet and break the various ampules to initiate a reaction. The solution changes color and the color itself can be used to identify the drug. These methods can be highly accurate and reproducible. However, these methods require the user to pick up the drug, and this puts the user in danger of exposure that may be potentially fatal in case of highly lethal drugs like carfentanyl. This causes undue safety issues to the first responder who has to carry out the test on-site under high stress conditions. Other drug-detection products use a similar technology along with an applicator or sample collection surface.
Current wipe-based products use a cobalt thiocyanate dye to indicate, by color change, contact with cocaine. Unfortunately, cobalt thiocyanate is toxic, and these wipe products cannot be used on surfaces that may come into human contact.
Other products that are available include test pens. The technology of these test pens is based on antigen-enzyme binding. The small applicator tip of the pen also restricts detection of drugs on large surfaces. Also, aerosolized sprays are available that are also based upon antigen-enzyme binding technology. However, products that rely upon antigen-enzyme binding technology are relatively expensive and may not be accessible to all first responders.
This disclosure provides a substance detector including a color-changing reagent, and a corresponding method to detect very small quantities of an opioid via a rapid color change on a wet wipe when contacted with an opioid. The substance detector/wet wipe is safe for human handling (i.e., non-toxic). The color-changing reagent, as part of a wetting agent of the wet wipe, changes color on contact with opioids and related illicit substances. The color-changing reagent can also be utilized in conjunction with one or more additional color-changing materials, such as an additional color-changing reagent and/or an additional color changing material (e.g., curcumin), to provide for multiple reactions at the same location of contact with the test substance (e.g., opioid), thereby assisting with a decrease in false positive test results and increasing test confidence. Where utilized, the additional color changing material such as curcumin, as part of the wetting agent of the wet wipe, also changes color on contact with opioids and related illicit substances. The color change takes place on the wet wipe almost instantaneously.
A product of this disclosure may be termed “wet wipe,” “drug-detecting wipe,” “substance detector,” “substance-detection substrate,” “wetting agent-impregnated wipe,” “drug-detecting glove,” “indicator cloth,” “fabric”, “fabric mat” or words of similar import. In one embodiment, the disclosed drug-detecting wipe is a woven or nonwoven substrate that is soaked or impregnated with a color-changing detector, which can include a solution comprising a color-changing reagent and a solvent and the optional additional color changing material such as a solution comprising curcumin and alcohol, all of which is described in further detail below. In some situations it may be stated that the solution changes color, while in others it may be stated that the drug-detecting wipe changes color; the meaning is the same. The fabric or cloth (nonwoven or woven) of the disclosure, that is, the dry article prior to impregnation with wetting agent, can be called a “substrate.” The term “wetting agent” means the mixture or solution which wets and impregnates the substrate. Other terms that may be used interchangeably with “wetting agent” include “solution,” “detecting solution,” “suspension,” or “color-changing solution.” Several other terms may be used interchangeably, such as “drug,” “illicit substance,” “potentially dangerous substance,” “amine-containing substance,” “opioid,” or any of a number of specific drug names like “cocaine” disclosed elsewhere herein.
In a first aspect, the disclosure provides a fabric at least partially saturated with a wetting agent comprising: a color-changing reagent and a solvent. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the solvent comprises water. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises from about 0.025% to about 10% w/w of the color-changing reagent, or from about 1% to about 5% w/w of the color-changing reagent, or from about 1% to about 10% w/w of the color-changing reagent, or from about 3% to about 6% w/w of the color-changing reagent. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises from about 0.025% to about 10% w/v of the color-changing reagent, or from about 1% to about 5% w/v of the color-changing reagent, or from about 1% to about 10% w/v of the color-changing reagent, or from about 3% to about 6% w/v of the color-changing reagent. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the color-changing reagent is selected from the group comprising ferric chloride (FeCl3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferrous ammonium sulfate (Fe(NH4SO4)2), and combinations thereof in sequence. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent includes an additional component to enhance the color contrast and rate of reaction with opioids, which can be an iron complex such as Fe(III)-TAML (tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand). In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent includes an additional color-changing component, which can comprise curcumin, malachite green oxalate, brilliant green, eosin yellowish, erythrosine b, methyl green, methyl violet, picric acid, crystal violet, bromocresol green, m-cresol purple, thymol blue, p-xylenol blue, cresol red, eosin bluish, quinaldine red, 2,4-dinitro phenol, 4-(dimethylamino) azobenzol, bromochlorophenol blue, bromophenol blue, congo red, methyl orange, 1-naphtholphthalein, m-cresol purple, thymol blue, p-xylenol blue, phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein, alkali blue, alizarin yellow gg, indigo carmine, epsilon blue, 2,5-dinitrophenol, alizarin sulphonic acid, methyl red, chlorophenol red, litmus, bromocresol purple, bromophenol red, 4-nitrophenol, bromoxylenol blue, bromothymol blue, phenol red, 3-nitrophenol, neutral red, titan yellow, and combinations thereof. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent is present at a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 5 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the fabric may be woven or nonwoven. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises the color-changing reagent from about 0.025% to about 1% w/v, or about 0.5% to about 5% w/v, or about 1% to about 10% w/v, or about 0.5% to about 3% w/v. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises the color-changing reagent from about 0.025% to about 1% w/w, or about 0.5% to about 5% w/w, or about 1% to about 10% w/w, or about 0.5% to about 3% w/w. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises the color-changing reagent from about 1% to about 15% w/w, or about 2% to about 10% w/w, or about 3% to about 6% w/w, or about 3% w/w, or about 6% w/w. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the color-changing reagent is present at a concentration of from about 0.1 gram to about 5 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric; or from about 1 gram to about 5 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric; or from about 1 gram to about 3 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric; or from about 1 gram to about 2 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric.
In another aspect, the disclosure provides a fabric at least partially saturated with a wetting agent comprising: curcumin, starch and an alcohol. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the alcohol comprises ethanol. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises from about 0.01 to about 5% w/v of curcumin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises from about 0.1 to about 2% w/v of curcumin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch is selected from the group comprising corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, and combinations thereof. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch comprises corn starch. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises from about 0.01 to about 5% w/v starch. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent further comprises water. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, ratio of ethanol to water in weight percentage is within the range of 10:1 to 1:10. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent is present at a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 5 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the fabric may be woven or nonwoven. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises curcumin from about 0.05% to about 5% w/v, or about 0.01% to about 1% w/v, or about 0.05 to about 0.25% w/v, or about 0.1 to about 0.15% w/v. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises starch from about 0.01% to about 5% w/v, or about 0.01% to about 1% w/v, or about 0.2 to about 0.5% w/v, or about 0.4 to about 0.8% w/v, or about 0.5 to about 0.7% w/v. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent is present at a concentration of from about 0.1 gram to about 5 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric; or from about 1 gram to about 5 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric; or from about 1 gram to about 3 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric; or from about 1 gram to about 2 grams per 1 gram of dry fabric. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the weight ratio of ethanol to water is from about 10:1 to about 1:10; preferably, from about 5:1 to about 1:5 or preferably from about 10:1 to about 1:1.
In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of detecting opioids or illicit substances comprising: contacting a surface to be tested for illicit substances with any fabric disclosed elsewhere herein; and, determining whether the fabric has changed color, which can further include determining whether a change in color is indicative of a presence of at least one illicit substance. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the fabric is provided in an airtight package and the method further comprises removing the fabric from the airtight package. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprising a color-changing reagent and a solvent is provided in a separate container and the method further comprises applying the wetting agent to the fabric, which can be before or after the fabric has been in contact with the surface to be tested for illicit substances. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises: visually inspecting the fabric to determine if any portion of the fabric has changed color. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises a Cx alcohol and a Cy alcohol where x<5; y<5 and x≠y.
In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, a target analyte is an illicit substance. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the target analyte is an opioid. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the target analyte is at least one selected from the group comprising: fentanyl, carfentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, naloxone, endorphins, heroin, codeine, and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides a kit comprising a fabric at least partially saturated with any wetting agent disclosed elsewhere herein. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the kit comprises at least 5, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 12, at least 24, at least 25 or at least 50 of the wipes, or multiples of the foregoing.
In still another aspect, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may provide a nonwoven fabric at least partially saturated with a composition comprising: curcumin, starch and a polar solvent. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the polar solvent comprises an alcohol. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the alcohol comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the alcohol comprises ethanol. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the polar solvent further comprises water. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the ratio of ethanol to water in weight percentage is within the range of 10:1 to 1:10. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric comprises 0.01% to 5% by weight of curcumin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric comprises 0.05% to 1% by weight of curcumin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric further comprises 0.05% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 1% by weight, and more preferably 0.1% to 0.15% by weight of curcumin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric further comprises 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, 0.2% by weight to 0.5% by weight of starch, or 0.5% by weight to 0.7% by weight of starch. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch is selected from corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, and combinations thereof. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch is modified in a manner selected from the group comprising acid-modified, caustic-modified, oxidized, and emulsified. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch comprises 15-40 wt. % amylose and 60-85 wt. % amylopectin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric further comprises at least one alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol (where, when such exists, the alcohol may be in its primary, secondary or tertiary forms). In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric may comprise viscose.
In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric further comprises another fiber selected from acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester fibers, cellulose acetate fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, acrylonitrile-based fibers, polyamide fibers, nylon fibers; polyethylene terephthalate fibers; polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene, polyethylene; polyvinyl acetate fibers; polyurethane fibers and mixtures thereof. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric has a dry basis density of from about 25 g/m2 to about 420 g/m2, or 30 g/m2 to about 300 g/m2, or 50 g/m2 to about 125 g/m2. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric has a tribology corresponding to a coefficient of static friction within the range of about 0.1 to 0.9, 0.2 to 0.8 or 0.4 to about 0.6.
In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of detecting illicit substances comprising: (a) providing a substrate at least partially impregnated with any wetting agent disclosed elsewhere herein; (b) contacting a surface to be tested for illicit substances with the substrate; and, (c) determining whether the substrate or wetting agent has changed color, which can further include determining whether a change in color is indicative of a presence of at least one illicit substance.
In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of detecting opioids comprising: (a) providing a substrate at least partially impregnated with any wetting agent disclosed elsewhere herein; (b) contacting a surface to be tested for opioids with the substrate; and, (c) determining whether the substrate or wetting agent has changed color, which can further include determining whether a change in color is indicative of a presence of at least one illicit substance. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the substrate is provided in an airtight package. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises removing the substrate from the airtight package. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises: visually inspecting the substrate to determine if any portion of the substrate has changed color. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises applying the wetting agent to the substrate, which can be before or after the substrate has been in contact with the surface to be tested for illicit substances. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the substrate or wetting agent undergoes a visible color change within about thirty seconds, or within about ten seconds, or within about five seconds, of contact with a target analyte.
In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent/solution comprises a Cx alcohol and a Cy alcohol where x<5; y<5 and x≠y. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the solution further comprises water, wherein the alcohol and water are present in a weight or volume ratio in the range of 10:1 to 1:10. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the solution comprises 0.01% to 5% by weight of curcumin, or 0.05% to 1% by weight of curcumin, or about 0.05 to about 0.25% w/v, or 0.1% to 0.15% by weight of curcumin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the solution further comprises 0.1% to 5% starch by weight, or 0.2% to 0.5% starch by weight, or 0.5% by weight to 0.7% by weight of starch. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch comprises at least one selected from corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, and rice starch. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch is at least one of acid-modified, caustic-modified, oxidized, and emulsified. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the starch comprises 15-40 wt. % amylose and 60-85 wt. % amylopectin. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the solution comprises ethanol and at least one of propanol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric comprises viscose. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric further comprises another fiber selected from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, acrylonitrile-based fibers, cellulose acetate fibers, cellulose ester fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide fibers, nylon fibers, polyester fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, polyolefin fibers polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, polyurethane fibers and mixtures thereof. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric comprises viscose having a tribology corresponding to a coefficient of static friction within the range of 0.1 to 0.9, 0.2 to 0.8 or 0.4 to about 0.6. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the nonwoven fabric is impregnated with a solution comprising curcumin, starch and alcohol.
In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the substrate comprises a film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a cellulose tissue, a paper towel, a coform material, an airlaid material, a polyester amide polymer having pendant functional groups, and/or a bonded-carded web. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the substrate comprises natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or combinations thereof. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the substrate comprises fibers selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, cotton, cellulose, bamboo, hemp, polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, polylactic acid, rayon, semi-synthetic fiber made from wood pulp sold under the trademark Lyocell™, and combinations thereof. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the substrate is in the form of a wipe, a swab, or a glove. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, the wetting agent comprises at least one of water and a C1-C6 alcohol. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, a method may further comprise: visually inspecting the at least one substrate after the step of contacting, to determine if any portion of the at least one substrate has changed color. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide that at least a portion of the wipe or wetting agent undergoes a visible color change within about thirty seconds of contact with a target analyte. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the wipe or wetting agent undergoes a visible color change within about ten seconds of contact with a target analyte. In this exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the wipe or wetting agent undergoes a visible color change within about five seconds of contact with a target analyte.
In still another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of making a curcumin-starch solution comprising: preparing (a) a curcumin alcohol solution comprising from about 0.1 to about 50 grams curcumin per liter of alcohol, preparing (b) a starch suspension comprising from about 0.1 to about 300 grams starch per liter of water, and contacting the curcumin alcohol solution with the starch suspension. The (a) curcumin alcohol solution may have a curcumin concentration (in grams curcumin per liter of alcohol) of 0.01-100, 0.1-50, 1-45, 1.2-40, or 2, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100, or other values in between. The (b) starch suspension may have a starch concentration (in grams starch per liter of water) of 0.01-100, 0.1-50, 5-250, 6-200, or 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, or 300, or other values in between. The (a) curcumin alcohol solution and (b) starch suspension may be combined at a volume ratio in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, for example, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2.5:1, 2:1, 1.67:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, or 10:1, or other values in between. The curcumin and starch may be blended together prior to dissolving both in alcohol and diluting with water to achieve desired concentrations of all constituents.
The alcohol may be one or more of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, n-pentanol, iso-pentanol, tert-pentanol, n-hexanol, iso-hexanol, and tert-hexanol.
Any wipe or other cloth made of a woven or nonwoven material disclosed elsewhere herein may be coated with (e.g., dip coating, roll coating), wet with, and/or saturated with any wetting agent or solution disclosed elsewhere herein.
Sample embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in the following description, are shown in the drawings, and are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims.
Similar numbers refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.
Aspects of the disclosure relate to a wet wipe system for rapid detection of an opioid using a specialized color changing ingredient in the presence of the opioid, such as fentanyl, carfentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, naloxone, endorphins, heroin, codeine, and mixtures and derivatives thereof and other opioids and combinations thereof. The wet wipe system utilizes a color-changing reagent within a solvent, which may be referred to as being solubilized, to form a solution or wetting agent. The color-changing reagent changes color on contact with opioids and related illicit substances. The color-changing reagent can also be utilized in conjunction with one or more additional color-changing materials, such as an additional color-changing reagent and/or an additional color changing material, to provide for multiple reactions at the same test location, which can assist with a decrease in false positive test results.
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Gloves 14 or gloves 14′ may be fabricated of any suitable glove material which will aid in protecting a person wearing the gloves from being harmed by toxic and/or corrosive substances with which they may come into contact while testing for illicit substances. For example, the material of gloves 14 may aid in protecting the glove-wearer from being harmed by opioids such as fentanyl. One suitable type of glove 14′ which may be useful as the drug-detecting wipe 18 of the disclosure, or as glove 14, which protects a user from illicit substances is any of the gloves described in U.S. Patent Numbers D910,930; D890,999; 11,825,893; 11,197,509; 11,172,714; 11,071,338; 10,869,512; 10,820,640; 10,820,639; 10,750,802; 10,602,788; 10,602,787; 10,390,575, 10,238,159; 9,968,145; and publication number US 2023/0270192, all of which are assigned to Summit Glove, Inc. of Minerva, Ohio, US and are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. An additional suitable type of glove 14 or 14′ is any of the gloves described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/488,288 filed Oct. 17, 2023, and entitled “Drug Resistant Glove” which is also assigned to Summit Glove, Inc. of Minerva, Ohio, and is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/488,268, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses a glove manufactured from a glove material which is opioid resistant. In particular, the glove material is resistant to one or more of fentanyl, carfentanyl, and mixtures of drugs including fentanyl or carfentanyl. Still further, the glove material is resistant to xylazine and to xylazine mixed with an opioid. Yet further, the glove material is resistant to corrosive fluids such as gastric acid.
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In another example, the color of the wipe 18 and/or wetting agent 22 will change when the powder “P” is a targeted illicit substance. This is shown in
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For example, certain non-illicit compounds give a brown color when contacted with a certain wetting agent, whereas a certain illicit substance gives a blue color when contacted with the same wetting agent. It should be appreciated that this reference color scheme can be utilized and expanded for a variety of non-illicit compounds, illicit substances, and wetting agents. As a more particular example, piperidine (a primary amine), diethanolamine (a secondary amine), triethylamine (a tertiary amine), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) give a brown color (i.e., color change shown in
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For example, where curcurnin is utilized within wetting agent 22, the curcurnin will change color from yellow to a reddish-brown or wine-red color upon the exposure to an illicit substance. The addition of additional wetting agent 22a can then be utilized to change the reddish-brown or wine-red color to a second color. For example, as mentioned above, where ferric chloride is utilized within additional wetting agent 22a, the substrate 20 is believed to give a blue color upon the exposure to naltrexone (NTX), which can then confirm the additional test. As also shown in
The use of a multiple reaction scheme can serve to decrease the potential for a false-positive confirmation, thereby increasing the confidence in the test result. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the color and intensity of the color after contact with the substance, and the one or more wetting agents 22, 22a, 22b, 22c, can be used to analyze for particular illicit substances, in addition to analyzing between illicit substances and non-illicit substances. For mention, exemplary non-illicit substances include cutting agents or those substances which may be chemically similar but less toxic chemicals.
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The wet wipe for rapid detection of opioids can be packaged in many formats such as single sachets, flexible packages, semi-ridged canisters, etc. A plurality of single sachets 16 can be packed into a (container) multi-pack 12 for easy dispensing.
Broadly, the color-changing reagent is provided within a solvent as part of a wetting agent of the wet wipe. The amount of the color-changing reagent in the solvent should be an amount which allows for the desired color change, while also remaining safe for human handling (i.e., non-toxic). As a concentration level in the solution, the color-changing reagent is present at a level between 0.025% to 10% by weight, or 1% to 5% by weight, or 1% to 10% by weight, or 3% to 6% by weight of the wetting agent, or other suitable amounts disclosed herein. The color-changing reagent can be ferric chloride (FeCl3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferrous ammonium sulfate (Fe(NH4SO4)2), and combinations thereof in sequence. The color-changing reagent can be utilized in combination with an additional component to enhance the color contrast and rate of reaction with opioids, which can be an iron complex such as Fe(III)-TAML (tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand).
The solution or wetting agent can undergo a color change when it interacts with a target substance (e.g., opioids), providing a visual indication of their presence. The color change may occur rapidly, such as within about thirty seconds after contact with a target substance, or within about ten seconds after contact with a target substance, or within about five seconds after contact with a target substance. The target substance interacts with the wetting agent, causing a chemical reaction or complex formation that leads to a visible color change. The color change can be easily observed. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that the color change of the color-changing reagent upon exposure to a targeted substance is a result of a chemical reaction between the target substance and the color-changing reagent. For example, ferric chloride reacts with an amine or amine salts to produce a blue or brown color.
Where a wetting agent disclosed herein includes curcumin, reference can be made to the wetting agent including a curcumin formulation. And while reference is specifically made to curcumin, it should be appreciated that this disclosure can be reasonably extended to other color-changing materials disclosed herein, such as cresol red, bromocresol green, and the others, as appropriate. Broadly, the curcumin formulation includes curcumin and a solvent. The curcumin formulation may further include starch. The solvent may include an alcohol. The solvent may further include water. The curcumin and starch at least partially dissolve in the alcohol and optionally water. The curcumin and starch dissolved in the alcohol and optionally water may form a solution. Where the curcumin and starch do not fully dissolve, the mixture may be referred to as a suspension. This solution or suspension may be more broadly defined herein as a “wetting agent.”
In one embodiment, the curcumin may be pure curcumin. In another embodiment, the curcumin may contain inevitable impurities including traces of the related compounds demethoxycurcumin and/or bisdemethoxycurcumin, in amounts by weight up to 1%, up to 0.5%, up to 0.3%, or up to 0.1%, or other amounts in between. In further embodiments, other components of turmeric besides the curcurminoids may be present as impurities.
The solution or wetting agent undergoes a color change when it interacts with an illicit substance (e.g., opioids), providing a visual indication of their presence. The color change may occur rapidly, such as within about thirty seconds after contact with an illicit substance, or within about ten seconds after contact with an illicit substance, or within about five seconds after contact with an illicit substance. When opioids are present, they interact with the wetting agent, causing a chemical reaction or complex formation (i.e., between the curcumin and the opioid) that leads to a visible color change. The color change can be easily observed and indicates the presence of opioids on the tested surface.
While not being bound by theory, it is believed that the color change of curcumin upon exposure to a targeted illicit substance is a result of the deprotonation of curcumin when the curcumin is exposed to a pH level of 9 and above. The curcumin, which may also be referred to as an indicator, changes color from yellow to a reddish-brown or wine-red color upon the exposure to an illicit substance, which color change can be seen by the naked eye.
As a concentration level in the solution, the curcumin is present at a level between 0.05% to 5% by weight, or 0.05% to 1% by weight, or 0.05% to 0.25% by weight, or 0.1% to 0.15% by weight of the wetting agent.
Prior to dissolving the curcumin in the alcohol solution, the curcumin may have a particle size distribution of 0.01 to 1 mm; 0.05-0.9 mm; 0.1-0.8 mm; 0.15-0.7 mm; 0.2-0.6 mm; or 0.25-0.5 mm.
The curcumin formulation may also include starch. The starch in the curcumin formulation is one or more plant-based starches such as corn starch, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch, rye starch, chickpea starch, jackfruit starch, preferably corn starch. Amylose constitutes about 15%-30% of common native starches. For example, potato starch contains 11 percent of amylose and corn starch contains 28 percent of amylose. The starch is present at a level of 0.01% to 10% by weight, 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, or 0.2% by weight to 1% by weight, or 0.2% to 0.5% by weight, or 0.5% to 0.7% by weight of the wetting agent. The starch(es) used in the disclosed formulation may be modified, for example, acid-modified, caustic modified, oxidized, cross-linked, emulsified, etc. The modification of the starch may result in a molecular profile other than that found in nature, such as 15-40 wt. % amylose and 60-85 wt. % amylopectin, or 20-25 wt. % amylose and 75-80 wt. % amylopectin. The amylose may have a degree of polymerization (DP) of about 500 in high-amylose corn starch to more than 6000 DP in potato starch.
The combination of curcumin and starch provides chemical binding to an opioid substance which results in a color-changing chemical reaction between the opioid and curcumin. The color change produced in the curcumin-starch complex by contact with an opioid is unexpected. The curcumin-starch complex dissolved in the wetting agent changes color from a yellowish color to deep red color almost instantaneously.
The carrier or solvent, i.e., wetting agent, includes one or more of short-chain alcohols and water in various combinations. Suitable alcohols include C1-C6 alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol). All forms of the alcohols, n-; iso-; and tert-are suitable. Preferably, one or more of methanol, ethanol, and propanol are used as, or as part of, the solvent, with ethanol being most preferable. Within the solvent, an alcohol level greater than 30%; greater than 40%; greater than 50%; greater than 60%; greater than 70%; greater than 80% by weight solubilizes the curcumin in the liquid composition and allows the solubilized curcumin and starch in solution to be evenly distributed on and within the woven or nonwoven material. Further, in one embodiment, the alcohol content of the solution is to be maintained below its flammability limit or flash point.
The wetting agent is impregnated into a woven or nonwoven material (“substrate” or “fabric”) which includes natural and/or synthetic fibers as described below. In one embodiment, the amount of wetting agent incorporated into the substrate should maintain the substrate as having a wet nature, while not being dripping wet. In one embodiment, the wetting agent is incorporated into the substrate disclosed herein at a level between 0.1 gram to 10 grams of solution per 1 gram of dry substrate material; or 1 gram to 5 grams of solution per 1 gram of dry substrate material; preferably 1 gram to 3 grams of solution per 1 gram of dry substrate material, more preferably 1 gram to 2 grams of solution per 1 gram of dry substrate material. This embodiment results in very low amounts of wetting agent being transferred to a surface under analysis, where the rapid color change in the presence of an illicit substance, for example, an opioid, takes place on the wipe.
A variety of woven and nonwoven material compositions are suitable for performance as the substrate 20 of the disclosed wipe. Certain embodiments employ nonwoven substrates since they are economical and readily available in a variety of materials. However, woven substrates are also suitable. Nonwoven substrates may include a variety of materials both natural and synthetic. An exemplary material includes pulp or cellulosic or natural fibers at a rate of at least 40 wt %, at least 45 wt %, at least 50 wt %, at least 55 wt %, at least 60 wt %, at least 65 wt %, at least 70 wt %, at least 75 wt %, at least 80 wt %, at least 85 wt %, at least 90 wt %, at least 95 wt %, or at least 99 wt %, of the total fiber composition. Without being bound by theory, the curcumin and starch are believed to ionically and lipophilically bind to pulp and cellulosic fibers and combinations thereof to provide a color change on or in the substrate material when the curcumin and starch combination comes in contact with an opioid or other illicit substances or drugs.
The substrate 20 should have sufficient mechanical strength and good processability, and should not be soluble in alcoholic or aqueous medium. In one or more embodiments, the substrate 20 is characterized by a dry basis weight of from about 25 g/m2 to about 420 g/m2, in other embodiments, from about 30 g/m2 to about 300 g/m2, in other embodiments, from about 35 g/m2 to about 250 g/m2 in other embodiments, from about 40 g/m2 to about 200 g/m2, in other embodiments, from about 45 g/m2 to about 150 g/m2, and in still further embodiments, from about 50 g/m2 to about 125 g/m2. The fibers or threads from which the nonwoven substrate is produced may have a denier (linear density) of 1 to 1000 grams, or 10 to 500 grams, or 50 to 250 grams or 100 to 200 grams. It will be appreciated that “denier” is a measure of the weight of 9000 meters of the thread.
In an embodiment, one or more of wood pulp, pulps of other plants, cellulose, and cotton, may be combined with synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyesters, polyolefins, etc. or a combination thereof. A preferred nonwoven composition is 100% viscose fibers which delivers acceptable performance.
The term “nonwoven” generally means the material is comprised of fibers which are not woven or knitted together, but rather are held together by another technique such as one or more of bonding, interlocking, chemical, mechanical, heat, or solvent treatments. Nonwoven materials can be formed into a membrane, sheet, substrate, mat, absorbent core or pad layer or combinations thereof.
In one or more embodiments, the substrate 20 may comprise an air-laid nonwoven web. Examples include meltblown, spunbond, and bonded-carded web materials. Air-laid nonwoven sheets, and methods of making the same, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,849,241, 4,340,563, 4,443,513, 4,548,856, 4,853,281, 5,382,400, 5,575,874, 6,224,977, 6,811,638, 6,946,413, and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos. 2004/0191136 A1 and 2006/0008611 A1, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In one or more embodiments, the substrate 20 may comprise a coform nonwoven web. Coform nonwoven webs may be formed by the comingling of polymeric fibers and absorbent fibers, such as polyolefin fibers and cellulosic fibers, as the fibers are entrained by a common airstream before they are deposited onto a forming surface. Coform sheet materials are described U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,100,324 and 5,350,624, and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos. 2011/151596 A1, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. In one or more embodiments, the coform sheet may comprise a matrix of thermoplastic polymeric meltblown fibers and wood pulp fibers, or more generally, natural and manmade fibers.
In one or more embodiments, the substrate 20 may comprise hydroentangled nonwoven sheet materials. Hydroentangled nonwoven webs are sometimes referred to as spunlace fabrics. In certain aspects, hydroentangling readily allows for the combination of different fiber types, such as combining fibers of distinct composition (e.g. polymeric fibers and wood pulp fibers) or fibers of different sizes. Hydroentangled materials, and methods of making the same, are described U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,485,706, 3,620,903, 5,009,747, 5,284,703, and 6,200,669, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The term “natural” is meant as materials which are derived from plants, or plant byproducts. The term “synthetic” is meant as fibers and materials which are obtained primarily from various man-made materials or from natural materials which have been further altered. A conventional base starting material is usually a fibrous web comprising any of the common synthetic or natural fibers, or mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of natural materials useful in the present disclosure are pulp and cellulosic fibers. Non-limiting examples of cellulosic fibers include those selected from the group consisting of wood pulp fibers, bamboo fibers, cotton fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of synthetic materials useful in the present disclosure include those selected from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, and mixtures thereof. Examples of some of these synthetic materials include acrylics such as Acrilan®, Creslan®, and the acrylonitrile-based fiber, orlon; cellulose ester fibers such as cellulose acetate, Arnel®, and Acele®; polyamides such as nylons; polyesters such as Fortrel®, Kodel®, and the polyethylene terephthalate fiber, Dacron®; VISTAMAXX® elastic olefin copolymer resin (available from ExxonMobil Corporation) or KRATON® G styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene and styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene polymer resins (available from Kraton® Performance Polymers, Inc.); polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene; polyvinyl acetate fibers; polyurethane foams and mixtures thereof. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. No ownership or affiliation is implied by use of trademarks herein.
It has generally been found that substrates made primarily of synthetic fibers, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene or a combination thereof, do not bind the curcumin and starch combined in the liquid composition and therefore do not retain the wetting agent to provide an instant color change on the substrate material. While such synthetic materials may form a portion of the substrate fibers, they are not preferred. One example of a more suitable substrate material is 100% viscose fibers. Viscose fibers may be considered both natural and synthetic owing to a number of factors. For purposes of this disclosure, viscose is considered to be a natural fiber.
In one or more embodiments, the substrate 20 of the drug-detecting wipes 18 may further include one or more optional ingredients selected from, but not limited to, color enhancers, catalysts, mechanical property modifiers, optical brighteners, anti-static agents, flame retardants, lubricants, wetting agents, softeners, mordants, and inorganic additives. The optional ingredients may be embedded within, absorbed into, dispersed upon or within, or coated upon the substrate. Chemicals and additives that are typically employed in dyeing processes and methods may be employed with the drug-detecting wipe of the present disclosure, including one or more of soda ash fixer, urea, Dharma™ dye fixative, Synthrapol™, Dharma™ professional textile detergent, Milsoft™, sodium alginate, Superclear™, Calsolene™ oil, Bleach-Stop™, Dharma™ color remover, optic whitener, ammonium sulfate, Jacquard™ silk salt, Retayne™, Ludigal™ F, Dharma™ discharge paste, alum, potassium alum, and Fiber etch.
In one or more embodiments, the drug-detecting wipe includes titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide may advantageously function as an optical brightener in the drug-detecting wipe disclosed herein. Other inorganic additives may include zeolites, alumina and silica. In one or more embodiments, inorganic additives may be selected to increase the selectivity of the drug-detecting wipe. In one or more embodiments, the substrate may be a composite of an inorganic-polymer matrix embedded with one or more chemicals to provide indication of the presence of opioids. In one or more embodiments, the substrate may be fabricated from polymers and silica particles.
In light of the foregoing, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure advances the art by providing improvements for rapid detection of opioids. While particular embodiments have been disclosed in detail herein, it should be appreciated that the disclosure is not limited thereto or thereby inasmuch as variations on the disclosure herein will be readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. The scope shall be appreciated from the claims that follow.
Having now described kit 10, gloves 14, and wipe 18, a method of detecting illicit substances will be discussed herein.
The illicit substance is detected by providing the substance to be tested or the powder “P”. The wetting agent 22 is then contacted with the substance to be tested “P”. The wetting agent 22 includes a color-changing reagent and a solvent. After contacting, a user may determine whether the color-changing reagent has changed color. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the change in color indicates the presence of the illicit substance.
In other exemplary embodiments, method may include optional or further steps of providing a fabric, where the fabric is at least partially saturated with the wetting agent and the fabric is provided in an airtight package. The fabric is removed from the airtight package prior to the step of contacting.
In other exemplary embodiments, method may include optional or further steps of where contacting the wetting agent with the substance to be tested is preceded by providing the wetting agent in a container and providing a fabric. The fabric is at least partially saturated with the wetting agent.
In other exemplary embodiments, method may include optional or further steps of where contacting the wetting agent with the substance to be tested further includes contacting an area of the fabric which is saturated with the wetting agent with the substance to be tested.
In other exemplary embodiments, method may include optional or further steps of where the step of determining includes visually inspecting the color-changing reagent.
In other exemplary embodiments, method may include optional or further steps of providing at least one additional wetting agent in at least one additional container. The at least one additional wetting agent includes a second color-changing reagent and a second solvent.
In other exemplary embodiments, a method may include optional or further steps of where after determining whether the color-changing reagent has changed color the method further includes confirming the presence of the illicit substance. The presence of the illicit substance is confirmed by saturating the area of the fabric which is saturated with the wetting agent with at least one additional wetting agent. The presence is confirmed by determining whether the second color-changing reagent has changed color. The determination may be made by visually inspecting the second color-changing reagent.
In a first example, a fabric mat was provided with cresol red as part of a wetting agent. Cresol red is a pH indicator and is yellow in color in its acidic form and violet in color in its basic form. Therefore, the fabric mat was initially of a violet color. Naltrexone, which is an analog to determine the reactivity of opioids with the detection scheme described herein, was added dropwise to the fabric mat in the form of naltrexone HCl. The fabric mat containing cresol red in its basic form changed color from violet to yellow upon contact with the naltrexone, which is believed to be based on the naltrexone transferring the proton to cresol red. Ferric chloride was then added to the spot on the fabric mat at the location of the naltrexone. This changed the yellow spot to brown due to the reaction of the ferric chloride with the naltrexone. Hydrogen peroxide was then added to the naltrexone spot. The spot was converted from brown to yellow, which was a different shade from the first yellow color.
In a second example, a fabric mat was provided with both cresol red and ferric chloride as part of a wetting agent, giving the fabric mat a yellow color on a violet background. Naltrexone was then added dropwise to the fabric mat in the form of naltrexone HCl. The fabric mat containing both cresol red and ferric chloride caused an area of the fabric mat which came into contact with naltrexone to become dark blue. Hydrogen peroxide was added to the area of the fabric mat which was blue, causing the area to become brown.
In a third example, a fabric mat was provided with ferric chloride as part of a wetting agent, giving the fabric mat a pale yellow. Naltrexone was added dropwise to the fabric mat in the form of naltrexone HCl. The fabric mat containing ferric chloride caused an area of the fabric mat which came into contact with naltrexone to become dark blue. Hydrogen peroxide was added to the area of the fabric mat which was blue, causing the area to become brown.
In a separate area on the wet fabric mat with the ferric chloride as part of the wetting agent, dry naltrexone powder was picked up with the wet fabric mat. The separate area of the pick-up also turned blue.
In a fourth example, a fabric mat was provided with ferric chloride as part of a wetting agent. Non-illicit substances or control compounds of piperidine, diethanolamine, and triethylamine were each added to the fabric mat in separate areas. Each of these separate areas turned brown. Hydrogen peroxide was added to each of the separate areas which were brown. The addition of hydrogen peroxide caused each of the separate areas to become dark brown.
Another non-illicit substance of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was added to another separate area of the mat, which caused the separate area to become brown.
Naltrexone was added dropwise in the form of naltrexone HCl to yet another separate area of the fabric mat, again causing the area to become dark blue, as in Example 3.
Various modifications and alterations that do not depart from the scope and spirit of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. This invention is not to be duly limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth herein.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/622,247, filed Jan. 18, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63622247 | Jan 2024 | US |
