The present invention relates to bearings, and more particularly to sensorized wheel hub assemblies.
Wheel hub assemblies or wheel hub bearings are generally known and are used to rotatably couple wheels with vehicles. Such assemblies include an inner hub, an outer hub disposed about the inner hub and one or two rows of rolling elements coupling the inner and outer hubs. One hub is fixed and the other rotates abouts a central axis so as to permit rotation of the wheel with respect to the vehicle. Certain wheel hub assemblies are “sensorized” or provided with one or more sensors for determining certain characteristics of the hub assembly, such as rotational speed, angular position, etc.
In one aspect, the present invention is a sensorized wheel hub assembly for rotatably connecting a wheel with at least one of a shaft and a chassis. The hub assembly comprises an inner hub rotatable about a central axis and having opposing inboard and outboard axial ends, a radial flange extending outwardly from the outboard axial end and connectable with the wheel, an inner circumferential surface defining a central bore for receiving the shaft, and an opposing outer circumferential surface. The outer surface provides an inboard inner race and an outboard inner race spaced axially from the inboard inner race. An outer hub is disposed about the inner hub, is connectable with the chassis and has inboard and outboard axial ends, an outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface. The inner surface provides an inboard outer race, an outboard outer race spaced axially from the inboard outer race, and a central surface section extending between the inboard and outboard outer races. A first set of rolling elements is disposed between the inboard inner race and the inboard outer race and a second set of rolling elements is disposed between the outboard inner race and the outboard outer race. Further, at least one sensor is disposed on the central surface section of the outer hub and is configured to sense strain within the outer hub generated by the rolling elements.
In another aspect, the present invention is again a wheel hub assembly for connecting a wheel with at least one of a shaft and a chassis. The hub assembly comprises an inner hub connectable with one of the wheel and the chassis and having opposing inboard and outboard axial ends, an inner circumferential surface defining a central bore for receiving the shaft, and an opposing outer circumferential surface. The outer surface provides an inboard inner race, an outboard inner race spaced axially from the inboard inner race, and a central surface section extending between the inboard and outboard inner races. An outer hub is disposed about the inner hub, is connectable with the other one of the wheel and the chassis, and has inner and outer axial ends, an outer circumferential surface and an inner circumferential surface. The inner surface provides an inboard outer race, an outboard outer race spaced axially from the inboard outer race, and a central surface section extending between the inboard and outboard outer races. A first set of rolling elements is disposed between the inboard inner race and the inboard outer race and a second set of rolling elements disposed between the outboard inner race and the outboard outer race. Further, at least one sensor is disposed on the central surface section of the inner hub and is configured to strain within the inner hub generated by the rolling elements or at least one sensor is disposed on the central surface section of the outer hub and is configured to sense strain within the outer hub generated by the rolling elements.
The foregoing summary, as well as the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings, which are diagrammatic, embodiments that are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings:
Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words “inner”, “inwardly” and “outer”, “outwardly” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, a designated centerline or a geometric center of an element being described, the particular meaning being readily apparent from the context of the description. Further, as used herein, the words “connected” and “coupled” are each intended to include direct connections between two members without any other members interposed therebetween and indirect connections between members in which one or more other members are interposed therebetween. The terminology includes the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numbers are used to indicate like elements throughout, there is shown in
Referring now to
Referring now to
Preferably, the outer hub 14 has a radially-inwardly extending central projection 41 providing the central surface section 15, a shoulder 47 of the inboard outer race 46 and a shoulder 49 of the outboard outer race 48. More specifically, the central surface section 15 is defined between a first circumferential edge OE1 adjacent to the inboard outer race 46 and a second circumferential edge OE2 adjacent to the outboard outer race 48. As indicated in
Referring now to
As indicated in
With above-described structure of the inner and outer hubs 12, 14, the one or more sensors 20 is/are preferably disposed on or within the central surface section 15 of the outer hub 14 and are each configured to sense strain within the outer hub 14 generated by the rolling elements 16, 18. Alternatively, the sensor(s) 20 may be disposed on/within the central surface section 13 of the inner hub 12 and configured to sense strain within the inner hub 12 generated by the rolling elements 16, 18, as shown in
Most preferably, the wheel hub assembly 10 includes two axially spaced sets 21A, 21B of sensors 20 each located generally adjacent to a separate set 17, 19 of the rolling elements 16, 18. Specifically, each sensor 20 of the first set 21A of sensors 20 is disposed on the central surface section 15 and is spaced apart circumferentially about the central axis AC from each other sensor 20 of the first set 21A of sensors 20. Similarly, each sensor 20 of the second set 21B of sensors 20 is disposed on the central surface section 15 and is spaced apart circumferentially about the central axis AC from each other sensor 20 of the second set 21B of sensors 20. Although depicted in the drawing figures as being at least generally axially aligned (e.g., as shown in
With two sets 17, 19 of rolling elements 16, 18, there is a chance of interference or “cross-talk” (i.e., overlapping strain “fields” which make it difficult to determine if a portion of strain is coming from set 17 or 19) at certain locations on the surface section 15 between the strain generated by one set 17, 19 of the rolling elements 16, 18 with the strain generated by the other rolling element set 19, 21. In other words, within certain sections of the outer hub 14 (and the inner hub 12), the total strain detected is the combination of the strain generated by the first set 17 of rolling elements 16 and the strain generated by the second set 19 of rolling elements 18 (as well as other loading such as bending stresses, impact loading etc.). As a result, the strain measured by any sensor 20 may be greater or lesser than the actual strain generated by either single set 17, 19 of the rolling elements 16, 18 due to the strains from one roller set 17 or 19 combining with or subtracting from the strain generated by the other roller set 19, 17.
Referring to
D1=AW/2−(0.55+0.4×Arctangent(5×α1−225))
D2=AW/2−(0.55+0.4×Arctangent(5×α2−225))
Thus, the first set 21A of the sensors 20 is preferably located axially between the first circumferential edge OE1 and the first circumferential boundary line LB1 spaced axially from the first edge OE1 by the first distance D1. Similarly, the second set 21B of the sensors 20 is preferably located axially between the second circumferential edge OE2 and the second circumferential boundary line LB2 spaced from the second edge OE2 by the second distance D2. The first and second boundary lines LB1, LB2 are spaced axially apart such that a “dead zone” 29 is defined between the sensor mounting/attachment surfaces 23, 25, on which sensor placement is to be avoided in order to prevent interference or cross-talking.
Also, to provide sufficient radial space for the sensors 20 to be mounted or disposed on the central inner surface section 15 of the outer hub 14, each of the cages 50, 52 is generally angled or tilted. Specifically, the inner axial end 50a, 52a of each cage 50, 52 is spaced radially inwardly from the central surface section 15 by a radial spacing distance RS (
Referring particularly to
Referring specifically to
Further, the processor 62 is electrically connected with the signal conditioner 60 or directly with each sensor 20 of the first and second sensor sets 21A, 21B (i.e., if the processor 62 has integral signal processing circuitry). In any case, the processor 62 is configured to determine loading at discrete positions about the circumference of the outer hub 14 by analyzing the signals received from the conditioner 60 or directly from the sensors 20. Thereby, the loading information can be sent to another controller or processor (none shown) to convert the strain information into loading, i.e. force and moments on the hub 14, for example to execute certain functionality, to operate other vehicle systems (e.g., brakes) or to merely provide a warning. For example, an increase in detected strain of a certain magnitude may indicate an imminent failure of the wheel hub assembly 10.
Still referring to
The wheel hub assembly 10 of the present invention has a number of advantages over previously known wheel hub assemblies. By positioning the sensors 20 within the interior of the hub assembly 10, the sensors 20 are well protected from damage due to impact or other forces applied to the hub assembly 10 and are located within a sealed environment to avoid damage from corrosive substances, etc. As such, there is no need to provide separate structure to protect the sensors 20, such as shields, cover(s), etc. Also, the hub central surface section 15 or 13 provides a smooth, continuous circumferential surface that enables attachment about all points or locations around the full circumference of the surface section 15 (or 13) without the need to avoid hub components such as the outer mounting lugs 49 or flange (not shown), etc. Furthermore, by precisely determining the width or axial length D1, D2 of the cylindrical mounting surface subsections 23, 25, the sensors 20 may be located to assess loading by a single set 17, 19 of rolling elements 16, 18 without potential interference from the other rolling element set 19, 17.
Representative, non-limiting examples of the present invention were described above in detail with reference to the attached drawings. This detailed description is merely intended to teach a person of skill in the art further details for practicing preferred aspects of the present teachings and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Moreover, combinations of features and steps disclosed in the above detailed description may not be necessary to practice the invention in the broadest sense, and are instead taught merely to particularly describe representative examples of the invention. Furthermore, various features of the above-described representative examples, as well as the various independent and dependent claims below, may be combined in ways that are not specifically and explicitly enumerated in order to provide additional useful embodiments of the present teachings.
All features disclosed in the description and/or the claims are intended to be disclosed separately and independently from each other for the purpose of original written disclosure, as well as for the purpose of restricting the claimed subject matter, independent of the compositions of the features in the embodiments and/or the claims. In addition, all value ranges or indications of groups of entities are intended to disclose every possible intermediate value or intermediate entity for the purpose of original written disclosure, as well as for the purpose of restricting the claimed subject matter. The invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments, and may be varied within the scope of the following claims.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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