Patent Application
20120133137
The invention generally relates to wind turbine power generation systems and, more particularly, to doubly fed induction generators in wind turbine systems.
Renewable forms of energy, such as wind power, have become increasingly desirable sources for meeting present and future electrical power requirements. Wind power typically is harvested through the use of a wind turbine that includes a hub having multiple wind turbine blades mechanically coupled to a rotatable shaft. The rotatable shaft is connected to a drive train that typically includes a gearbox, a power generator, and a power converter.
The design of a wind turbine drive train is based on the operating speeds of the wind turbine in which the drive train will be installed. Such operating speeds are typically classified as high, medium and low. Low and medium operating speeds may be defined as speeds ranging from about 15 rotations per minute to about 600 rotations per minute. Some conventional low and medium speed wind turbine systems include a drivetrain comprising a gearbox, a permanent magnet generator, and a full power converter. The full power converter in such drivetrains is of a larger size and more expensive than desired. Another approach for fabricating the drivetrain is to use a partial converter with a doubly fed induction generator. However, doubly fed induction generators require a large number of stator and rotor slots to operate at low and medium speeds and generate electricity. The large number of slots in such embodiments increases the expense and weight such that these embodiments are often impractical for medium speed wind turbine systems.
Hence, there is a need for an improved system to address the aforementioned issues.
In one embodiment, a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine includes a tower, a nacelle supported by the tower, a hub attached to the nacelle, one or more rotor blades attached to the hub, a rotatable shaft coupled to the hub and configured to rotate based on the one or more rotor blades, a gearbox coupled to the rotatable shaft for increasing speed of the rotation of the rotatable shaft, a doubly fed induction generator for generating electrical power from the rotations of the rotatable shaft comprising a stator and a rotor wherein the stator and the rotor comprise a plurality of stator slots and a plurality of rotor slots respectively and a tooth winding wound in at least one of the plurality of stator slots and the plurality of rotor slots wherein the tooth winding comprises a fractional slot per pole per phase ratio, and a partial power converter electrically coupled to the doubly fed induction generator for controlling the electrical power for delivery to a power grid.
In another embodiment, a power conversion system is provided. The power conversion system includes a gearbox coupled to the rotatable shaft for increasing speed of rotation of the rotatable shaft, a doubly fed induction generator mounted on the gearbox for generating electrical power from the rotations of the rotatable shaft comprising a stator and a rotor wherein the stator and the rotor comprise a plurality of stator slots and a plurality of rotor slots respectively and a tooth winding wound in at least one of the plurality of stator slots and the plurality of rotor slots wherein the tooth winding includes a fractional slot per pole per phase ratio, and a partial power converter electrically coupled to the doubly fed induction generator for controlling a frequency of the electrical power for delivery to a power grid.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
Embodiments of the present invention include a wind turbine that includes a rotatable hub connected to a rotatable shaft that rotates based on one or more blades attached to the hub. The rotatable shaft is coupled to a gearbox that increases the speed of the rotations of the rotatable shaft. The rotatable shaft further rotates a doubly fed induction generator. The doubly fed induction generator includes a stator and a rotor that include a plurality of stator slots and a plurality of rotor slots respectively wherein at least one of the plurality of stator slots and the plurality of rotor slots include a tooth winding. The tooth winding in the doubly fed induction generator includes a fractional slot per pole per phase ratio. The doubly fed induction generator generates electricity from the rotations of the rotatable shaft. The wind turbine also includes a partial power converter electrically coupled to the doubly fed induction generator for controlling a frequency of the electrical power generated by the doubly fed induction generator that is fed to the power grid.
The rotatable shaft 26 is further coupled to the doubly fed induction generator 22 and rotates the doubly fed induction generator 22 to generate electricity from the rotations of the rotatable shaft 26. The doubly fed induction generator 22 comprises a rotor 28 and a stator 30 that includes a plurality of rotor slots (
The plurality of rotor slots and the plurality of stator slots are selected based on a required pole count, desired circumference, and desired size of the doubly fed induction generator 22. The pole count is determined by the equation: Srpm=120×f/N wherein Srpm is the speed of the rotatable shaft 26 in rounds per minute at the induction generator 22, f is the frequency of the grid, and N is the pole count. Based on this equation, for example, for a grid frequency of 60 hertz and speed of 300 rounds per minute, the pole count for the doubly fed induction generator 22 would be 24 poles. Subsequently, slots per pole (SPP) are selected for the doubly fed induction generator 22 based on the desired size and circumference of the doubly fed induction generator 22.
In conventional doubly fed induction generators, there is more than one slot per pole. Using more than one slot per pole serves to reduce undesired harmonics in the doubly fed induction generators. However, the selection of more than one slot per pole leads to a larger size of the doubly fed induction generator that makes the doubly fed induction generator impractical for use in a low and medium speed wind turbine system.
In one aspect of the present invention, in contrast to conventional approaches, the doubly fed induction generator 22 includes less than one slot per pole. In a more specific embodiment, for example, when the doubly fed induction generator 22 includes a tooth winding on the plurality of rotor slots and a lap winding on the plurality of stator slots, this embodiment enables the use of fractional slot per pole per phase ratio without inducing undesired harmonics in the doubly fed induction generator. The use of a fractional slot per pole per phase ratio in a doubly fed induction generator reduces the size of the doubly fed induction generator thus enables mounting of the doubly fed induction generator on the gearbox to provide a compact drivetrain. In one embodiment, the fractional slot per pole per phase ratio includes a half slot per pole per phase. In the half slot per pole phase embodiment, unlike other fractional ratio embodiments, the induction generator operates in a non-harmonically coupled mode.
The doubly fed induction generator 22 is coupled to a partial power converter 24 that controls a frequency of the electrical power generated from the doubly fed induction generator 22. In one embodiment, the partial power converter 24 includes a one third rated power converter. The partial power converter 24 controls the rotor 28 of the doubly fed induction generator 22 to provide a constant frequency electrical power to the power grid at variable speeds of the wind.
The various embodiments of the wind turbine described above are expected to provide a less expensive and smaller power conversion system.
It is to be understood that a skilled artisan will recognize the interchangeability of various features from different embodiments and that the various features described, as well as other known equivalents for each feature, may be mixed and matched by one of ordinary skill in this art to construct additional systems and techniques in accordance with principles of this disclosure. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
While only certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
