Patent Application
20170137698
1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention relates to winterizing agents for oil base polymer slurries and methods for making and using same.
Embodiments of the present invention relates to winterizing agents for oil base polymer slurries and methods for making and using same, where the winterizing agents comprise an ester of a polyol such as an ester of a sugar alcohol.
2. Description used in the Invention
Historically the use of different oils as a base fluid for polymer slurries has been limited to oils having pour points low enough to keep the polymer suspended in the slurry at low temperatures. The slurries generally also include organophillic clays, polar activators, and wetting agents. Another approach recommended has been to increase flowability and decrease the pour point of the oil base by adding glycols such as dipropylene glycols methyl ether to the slurries.
Although oil based slurries are known and used in the oil industry, there is a need in the art for oil based slurries that have lower pour point temperatures.
The term winterizing agent, additive or composition, pour point reduction agent, additive or composition or similar terms are interchangeable and have the same meaning These terms are used to describe a chemical composition that can be added to an oil-based slurry to decrease its pour point temperature, decrease a rate of solids settling, or to improve slurry properties under winter or low temperature conditions.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterizing additives or agents or pour point temperatures depressant additives or agents including a monoester of a polyol, a diester of a polyol, or a mixtures or combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressants including one or a plurality of compounds of the general formula (I):
Z(R1)m (I)
where Z is a polyol having between 5 and 30 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressants including one or a plurality of compounds general formula (II):
Z′(R1)m (II)
where Z′ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 18 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressants including one or a plurality of compounds general formula (III):
Z″(R1)m (III)
where Z″ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 12 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22,COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterizing additives or agents or pour point temperatures depressant additives or agents including sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan monolinoleate, sorbitan sequilinoleate, sorbitan monomyristoleate, sorbitan sequimyristoleate, sorbitan monopalmitoleate, sorbitan sequipalmitoleate, or mixtures and combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterized oil based slurries including a base oil, an organophillic clay, a polar activator, a wetting agent and a winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressant additive, where the additive comprises a monoester of a polyol, a diester of a polyol, or a mixtures or combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterized oil based slurries including a base oil, an organophillic clay, a polar activator, a wetting agent and a winterizing additive or pour point temperature depressant additive, where the additive comprises one or a plurality of compounds of the general formula (I):
Z(R1)m (I)
where Z is a polyol having between 5 and 30 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R2.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterized oil based slurries including a base oil, an organophillic clay, a polar activator, a wetting agent and a winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressant additive, where the additive comprises one or a plurality of compounds general formula (II):
Z′(R1)m (II)
where Z′ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 18 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterized oil based slurries including a base oil, an organophillic clay, a polar activator, a wetting agent and a winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressant additive, where the additive comprises one or a plurality of compounds general formula (III):
Z″(R1)m (III)
where Z″ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 12 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the present invention provide winterized oil based slurries including a base oil, an organophillic clay, a polar activator, a wetting agent and a winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressant additive, where the additive comprises sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan monolinoleate, sorbitan sequilinoleate, sorbitan monomyristoleate, sorbitan sequimyristoleate, sorbitan monopalmitoleate, sorbitan sequipalmitoleate, or mixtures and combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide method for making and using the new winterizing compositions.
The invention can be better understood with reference to the following detailed description together with the appended illustrative drawings in which like elements are numbered the same:
The inventors have found that a class of polyol esters are effective additives to reduce a pour point temperature of oil based polymer slurry systems by 20° F. or more. Embodiments of the additives comprise sugar alcohol derivative surfactants, where the additives are effective in amount between about 500 ppm and 50,000 ppm. Embodiments of the additives comprise sugar sorbitol derivative surfactant, where the additives are effective in amount between about 500 ppm and 50,000 ppm. The inventors have found no mention in the prior art for the used of polyol esters to decrease the pour point of oil base polymer slurries, particularly, sugar alcohol esters, especially sorbitol esters.
Embodiments of the present invention relates to winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressant additives or agents, where the additives or agents or compositions including a monoester of a polyol, a diester of a polyol, or a mixtures or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the compositions include one or a plurality of compounds of the general formulas I-III:
Z(R1)m (I)
where Z is a polyol having between 5 and 30 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1;
Z′(R1)m (II)
where Z′ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 18 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1; or
Z″(R1)m (III)
where Z″ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 12 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to winterizing additives or agents or pour point temperatures depressant additives or agents including sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan monolinoleate, sorbitan sequilinoleate, sorbitan monomyristoleate, sorbitan sequimyristoleate, sorbitan monopalmitoleate, sorbitan sequipalmitoleate, or mixtures and combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to winterized oil based slurries including a base oil, an organophillic clay, a polar activator, a wetting agent and a winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressant additive, where the additive comprises sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan monolinoleate, sorbitan sequilinoleate, sorbitan monomyristoleate, sorbitan sequimyristoleate, sorbitan monopalmitoleate, sorbitan sequipalmitoleate, or mixtures and combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the present invention also related broadly to winterized oil based slurries including one or more of the additive compositions of this invention.
Embodiments of the present invention also related broadly to method for using and making the winterized oil based slurries including one or more of the additive compositions of this invention.
Embodiments of the present invention also related broadly to winterized oil based slurries including one or more of the additive compositions of this invention as well as other additives including, without limitation, scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen control agents, paraffin control agents, carbon dioxide neutralization agents, sulfur scavenging agent, or other additives commonly used in down hole operations.
Embodiments of the present invention also related broadly to method for using and making the winterized oil based slurries including one or more of the additive compositions of this invention as well as other additives including, without limitation, scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, oxygen control agents, paraffin control agents, carbon dioxide neutralization agents, sulfur scavenging agent, or other additives commonly used in down hole operations.
The present invention provides a method for fracturing a formation including the step of pumping a fracturing fluid including a proppant into a producing formation at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation and to enhance productivity, where the proppant props open the formation after fracturing and where the proppant comprises a particulate solid treated with a winterized composition of this invention.
The present invention provides a method for fracturing a formation including the step of pumping a fracturing fluid including a proppant and a winterized composition of this invention into a producing formation at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation and to enhance productivity.
The present invention provides a method for fracturing a formation including the step of pumping a fracturing fluid including a winterized composition of this invention into a producing formation at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation and to enhance productivity.
The present invention provides a method for drilling including the step of while drilling, circulating a drilling fluid, to provide bit lubrication, heat removal and cutting removal, where the drilling fluid includes a winterized composition of this invention. The method can be operated in over-pressure conditions or under-balanced conditions or under managed pressure conditions. The method is especially well tailored to under-balanced or managed pressure conditions.
The present invention provides a method for producing including the step of circulating and/or pumping a fluid into a well on production, where the fluid includes a winterized composition of this invention.
Suitable base oils include, without limitation, paraffins oils, naphthenic oil, aliphatic solvents and/or oils, aromatic oils, or mixtures and combinations thereof. Exemplary base oils include CALPRINT® 38LP, HYDROCAL® 38, and CONOSOL® C-145 available from Calumet Specialty Products Partners, L.P. of Indianapolis, Ind., RENOIL® 30 available from Renkert Oil of Morgantown, Pa. and BIOBASE® 360 available from Shrieve Chemical Products, Inc., The Woodlands, Tex.
Suitable winterizing additives or agents or pour point depressants include, without limitation, monoesters of polyol, diesters of polyols, or a mixtures of monoesters and diesters of polyol.
Embodiments of the additives have the general formula (I):
Z(R1)m (I)
where Z is a polyol having between 5 and 30 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the additives have the general formula (II):
Z′(R1)m (II)
where Z′ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 18 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR21, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Embodiments of the additives have the general formula (III):
Z′(R1)m (III)
where Z″ is a sugar alcohol having between 5 and 12 carbon atoms, R1 is a carbyl group having between about 10 and about 40 carbon atoms, and where m is an integer having the value of 1 or 2, when m is 2, R1 can be the same or different and one or more carbon atoms of R1 can be replaced by B, N, O, Si, P, S, Ge and/or mixtures thereof and one or more of the hydrogen atoms in R1 can be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CONR22, COOR2, OR2, NR22, SR2, PR22, and/or mixtures thereof and where R2 can be a hydrogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having between 1-20 carbon atoms where one or more carbon or hydrogen atoms can be replaced as set forth for R1.
Suitable polyols include, without limitation, pentaerythritol, four carbon sugar alcohols such as erythritol, threitol or mixtures or combinations thereof; five carbon sugar alcohols such as arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, or mixtures or combinations thereof, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, iditol, or or mixtures or combinations thereof and six carbon sugar alcohol dimers such as isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, polyglycitol or mixtures or combinations thereof. In addition, all of the polyols can be used in mixtures or combinations to form the mono and di esters of this invention.
Exemplary carbyl group include unsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated long chain carboxylic acid or mixtures or combinations thereof, between about 10 and 40 carbon atoms. Other embodiments utilize unsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated fatty acid or mixtures and combinations thereof. Exemplary fatty acids include, without limitation, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, cocosahexaenoic acid, stearic acid, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
Exemplary esters include, without limitation, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan sesquistearate, sorbitan monolinoleate, sorbitan sequilinoleate, sorbitan monomyristoleate, sorbitan sequimyristoleate, sorbitan monopalmitoleate, sorbitan sequipalmitoleate, or mixtures and combinations thereof.
Suitable additives for Scale Control and useful in the compositions of this invention include, without limitation: Chelating agents, e.g., Na, K or NH4+ salts of EDTA; Na, K or NH4+ salts of NTA; Na, K or NH4+ salts of Erythorbic acid; Na, K or NH4+ salts of thioglycolic acid (TGA); Na, K or NH4+ salts of Hydroxy acetic acid; Na, K or NH4+ salts of Citric acid; Na, K or NH4+ salts of Tartaric acid or other similar salts or mixtures or combinations thereof Suitable additives that work on threshold effects, sequestrants, include, without limitation: Phosphates, e.g., sodium hexamethylphosphate, linear phosphate salts, salts of polyphosphoric acid, Phosphonates, e.g., nonionic such as HEDP (hydroxythylidene diphosphoric acid), PBTC (phosphoisobutane, tricarboxylic acid), Amino phosphonates of: MEA (monoethanolamine), NH3, EDA (ethylene diamine), Bishydroxyethylene diamine, Bisaminoethylether, DETA (diethylenetriamine), HMDA (hexamethylene diamine), Hyper homologues and isomers of HMDA, Polyamines of EDA and DETA, Diglycolamine and homologues, or similar polyamines or mixtures or combinations thereof; Phosphate esters, e.g., polyphosphoric acid esters or phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) esters of: alkanol amines such as MEA, DEA, triethanol amine (TEA), Bishydroxyethylethylene diamine; ethoxylated alcohols, glycerin, glycols such as EG (ethylene glycol), propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaeryithrol, neopentyl glycol or the like; Tris & Tetra hydroxy amines; ethoxylated alkyl phenols (limited use due to toxicity problems), Ethoxylated amines such as monoamines such as MDEA and higher amines from 2 to 24 carbons atoms, diamines 2 to 24 carbons carbon atoms, or the like; Polymers, e.g., homopolymers of aspartic acid, soluble homopolymers of acrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, terpolymers of acylates, AMPS, etc., hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, poly malic anhydride (PMA); or the like; or mixtures or combinations thereof.
Suitable additives for Corrosion Inhibition and for use in the compositions of this invention include, without limitation: quaternary ammonium salts e.g., chloride, bromides, iodides, dimethylsulfates, diethylsulfates, nitrites, hydroxides, alkoxides, or the like, or mixtures or combinations thereof; salts of nitrogen bases; or mixtures or combinations thereof. Exemplary quaternary ammonium salts include, without limitation, quaternary ammonium salts from an amine and a quaternarization agent, e.g., alkylchlorides, alkylbromide, alkyl iodides, alkyl sulfates such as dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, etc., dihalogenated alkanes such as dichloroethane, dichloropropane, dichloroethyl ether, epichlorohydrin adducts of alcohols, ethoxylates, or the like; or mixtures or combinations thereof and an amine agent, e.g., alkylpyridines, especially, highly alkylated alkylpyridines, alkyl quinolines, C6 to C24 synthetic tertiary amines, amines derived from natural products such as coconuts, or the like, dialkylsubstituted methyl amines, amines derived from the reaction of fatty acids or oils and polyamines, amidoimidazolines of DETA and fatty acids, imidazolines of ethylenediamine, imidazolines of diaminocyclohexane, imidazolines of aminoethylethylenediamine, pyrimidine of propane diamine and alkylated propene diamine, oxyalkylated mono and polyamines sufficient to convert all labile hydrogen atoms in the amines to oxygen containing groups, or the like or mixtures or combinations thereof. Exemplary examples of salts of nitrogen bases, include, without limitation, salts of nitrogen bases derived from a salt, e.g.: C1 to C8 monocarboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, or the like; C2 to C12 dicarboxylic acids, C2 to C12 unsaturated carboxylic acids and anhydrides, or the like; polyacids such as diglycolic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, or the like; hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, itaconic acid, or the like; aryl and hydroxy aryl acids; naturally or synthetic amino acids; thioacids such as thioglycolic acid (TGA); free acid forms of phosphoric acid derivatives of glycol, ethoxylates, ethoxylated amine, or the like, and aminosulfonic acids; or mixtures or combinations thereof and an amine, e.g.: high molecular weight fatty acid amines such as cocoamine, tallow amines, or the like; oxyalkylated fatty acid amines; high molecular weight fatty acid polyamines (di, tri, tetra, or higher); oxyalkylated fatty acid polyamines; amino amides such as reaction products of carboxylic acid with polyamines where the equivalents of carboxylic acid is less than the equivalents of reactive amines and oxyalkylated derivatives thereof; fatty acid pyrimidines; monoimidazolines of EDA, DETA or higher ethylene amines, hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), tetramethylenediamine (TMDA), and higher analogs thereof; bisimidazolines, imidazolines of mono and polyorganic acids; oxazolines derived from monoethanol amine and fatty acids or oils, fatty acid ether amines, mono and bis amides of aminoethylpiperazine; GAA and TGA salts of the reaction products of crude tall oil or distilled tall oil with diethylene triamine; GAA and TGA salts of reaction products of dimer acids with mixtures of poly amines such as TMDA, HMDA and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane; TGA salt of imidazoline derived from DETA with tall oil fatty acids or soy bean oil, canola oil, or the like; or mixtures or combinations thereof.
Suitable additives for CO2 neutralization and for use in the compositions of this invention include, without limitation, MEA, DEA, isopropylamine, cyclohexylamine, morpholine, diamines, dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA), ethylene diamine, methoxy proplyamine (MOPA), dimethylethanol amine, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) & oligomers, imidazolines of EDA and homologues and higher adducts, imidazolines of aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA), aminoethylpiperazine, aminoethylethanol amine, di-isopropanol amine, DOW AMP-90™, Angus AMP-95, dialkylamines (of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl), mono alkylamines (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl), trialkyl amines (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl), bishydroxyethylethylene diamine (THEED), or the like or mixtures or combinations thereof.
Suitable additives for Paraffin Removal, Dispersion, and/or paraffin Crystal Distribution include, without limitation: Cellosolves available from DOW Chemicals Company; Cellosolve acetates; Ketones; Acetate and Formate salts and esters; surfactants composed of ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohols, alkyl phenols, and/or amines; methylesters such as coconate, laurate, soyate or other naturally occurring methylesters of fatty acids; sulfonated methylesters such as sulfonated coconate, sulfonated laurate, sulfonated soyate or other sulfonated naturally occurring methylesters of fatty acids; low molecular weight quaternary ammonium chlorides of coconut oils soy oils or C10 to C24 amines or monohalogenated alkyl and aryl chlorides; quanternary ammonium salts composed of disubstituted (e.g., dicoco, etc.) and lower molecular weight halogenated alkyl and/or aryl chlorides; gemini quaternary salts of dialkyl (methyl, ethyl, propyl, mixed, etc.) tertiary amines and dihalogenated ethanes, propanes, etc. or dihalogenated ethers such as dichloroethyl ether (DCEE), or the like; gemini quaternary salts of alkyl amines or amidopropyl amines, such as cocoamidopropyldimethyl, bis quaternary ammonium salts of DCEE; or mixtures or combinations thereof. Suitable alcohols used in preparation of the surfactants include, without limitation, linear or branched alcohols, specially mixtures of alcohols reacted with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or higher alkyleneoxide, where the resulting surfactants have a range of HLBs. Suitable alkylphenols used in preparation of the surfactants include, without limitation, nonylphenol, decylphenol, dodecylphenol or other alkylphenols where the alkyl group has between about 4 and about 30 carbon atoms. Suitable amines used in preparation of the surfactants include, without limitation, ethylene diamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), or other polyamines. Exemplary examples include Quadrols, Tetrols, Pentrols available from BASF. Suitable alkanolamines include, without limitation, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), reactions products of MEA and/or DEA with coconut oils and acids.
The introduction of water downhole often is accompanied by an increase in the oxygen content of downhole fluids due to oxygen dissolved in the introduced water. Thus, the materials introduced downhole must work in oxygen environments or must work sufficiently well until the oxygen content has been depleted by natural reactions. For system that cannot tolerate oxygen, then oxygen must be removed or controlled in any material introduced downhole. The problem is exacerbated during the winter when the injected materials include winterizers such as water, alcohols, glycols, Cellosolves, formates, acetates, or the like and because oxygen solubility is higher to a range of about 14-15 ppm in very cold water. Oxygen can also increase corrosion and scaling. In CCT (capillary coiled tubing) applications using dilute solutions, the injected solutions result in injecting an oxidizing environment (O2) into a reducing environment (CO2, H2S, organic acids, etc.).
Options for controlling oxygen content includes: (1) de-aeration of the fluid prior to downhole injection, (2) addition of normal sulfides to product sulfur oxides, but such sulfur oxides can accelerate acid attack on metal surfaces, (3) addition of erythorbates, ascorbates, diethylhydroxyamine or other oxygen reactive compounds that are added to the fluid prior to downhole injection; and (4) addition of corrosion inhibitors or metal passivation agents such as potassium (alkali) salts of esters of glycols, polyhydric alcohol ethyloxylates or other similar corrosion inhibitors. Exemplary examples oxygen and corrosion inhibiting agents include mixtures of tetramethylene diamines, hexamethylene diamines, 1,2-diaminecyclohexane, amine heads, or reaction products of such amines with partial molar equivalents of aldehydes. Other oxygen control agents include salicylic and benzoic amides of polyamines, used especially in alkaline conditions, short chain acetylene diols or similar compounds, phosphate esters, borate glycerols, urea and thiourea salts of bisoxalidines or other compound that either absorb oxygen, react with oxygen or otherwise reduce or eliminate oxygen.
The winterized compositions of this invention can also include sulfur scavenging agents provided they are compatible with the compositions. Such sulfur scavenging agents can include those available from Weatherford International, BJ Services, Baker Hughes, Halliburton, other services providers and sulfur scavenger providers. Exemplary examples include those disclosed in United States Pat., Pub. or Appln. Nos. 2007-0032693; U.S. Pat. No. 7,140,433; 2005-0137114; U.S. Pat. No. 7,517,447; Ser. No. 12/419418; 2005-0250666; 7,268,100; 2008-0039345; 2006-0194700; 2007-0173414; 2007-0129257; U.S. Pat. No. 7,392,847; 2008-0257553; U.S. Pat. No. 7,350,579; 12/075461; 2007-0173413; 2008-0099207; 2008-0318812; 2008-0287325; 2008-0257556; 2008-0314124; 2008-0269082; 2008-0197085; 2008-0257554; Ser. No. 12/416,984; 2008-0251252; Ser. No. 11/956,433; Ser. No. 12/029335; Ser. No. 12/237,130; Ser. No. 12/167,087; Ser. No. 12/176,872; 2009-0067931; 2008-0283242; Ser. No. 12/240,987; Ser. No. 12/271,580; Ser. No. 12/364,154; Ser. No. 12/357,556; Ser. No. 12/464,351; or Ser. No. 12/465,437.
We tested formulations of a guar base slurry system such as WGA-15L, available from Clearwater International, LLC, a Weatherford company, in Elmendorf, Tex., using different oils and winterizing agents.
All laboratory slurries were mixed in a plastic beaker using a Caframo BDC3030 standard mixer.
The general slurry preparation included the steps of: (1) adding a base oil to the beaker, (2) adding an organophillic clay with mixing to the base oil, (3) adding a dispersant to the slurry with mixing and mixing the resulting slurry for about 10 minutes, (4) adding a polymer to the slurry with mixing and mixing the resulting slurry for about 10 minutes, and (5) adding a surfactant to the slurry with mixing and mixing the result slurry for about 30 minutes. The mixing times are generally dependent on the mixing rates and mixing times and rates can be adjusted to achieve a desired result. Commonly, the mixing time is between about 5 minutes and about 4 hours. Embodiments employee mixing times between about 10 minutes and about 2 hours. Other embodiments employee mixing times between about 10 minutes and about 1 hour. Other embodiments employee mixing times between about 10 minutes and about 30 minutes.
Formulations with Different Winterizing Agents
In order to determine the effect of different winterizing agents on slurry properties, different slurry formulations were prepared and tested. The base oil was Hydrocal 38 available from Calumet Specialty Products Partners, L.P. of Indianapolis, Ind.
The base formulation used for the winterizing agent testing is set forth in Table I.
The slurry formulations had a final polymer concentration of 4 lb/gal.
The winterizing agent (Arlacel 83 a sorbitan sequioleate comprising a mixture of mono- and di-esters of oleic acid and hexitol anhydrides of sorbitol) was added to the base oil at a concentration of 5000 ppm (0.5 vol %). Table II shows that winterizing agent Arlacel 83 was the most effective winterizing agent for decreasing a pour point temperature of the slurry at equivalent concentrations.
In order to determine the effectiveness of the winterizing agents or pour point temperature reduction additives in slurries formulated with BioBase 360 as the base oil, different slurry formulations were blended and tested using the base formulation set forth in Table III.
The slurry formulations had a final polymer concentration of 4 lb/gal.
Table IV shows that none of the winterizing agents were effective at decreasing the pour point temperature of the BioBase® 360 slurries below about 14° F., which was attained with Arlacel 83 regardless of concentration between 5000 and 20000 ppm.
Formulations with Different Oils
We then prepared slurry formulations using different base oils using the slurry formulation of Table V.
Table VI shows the general specification of the oils used in the slurries formulations of Table V.
−49a
aMeasured in the lab.
The specifications of Calprint 38LP and Hydrocal 38 were used as references.
Table VII shows the effect of the base oil formulated into different slurries with or without added winterizing agent Arlacel 83. Winterized base oils contain 10,000 ppm of Arlacel 83 and are denoted with “(W)”. Clearly it can be observed that slurries made using Conosol C-145 show lower pour point temperatures which can be mainly due to the lower viscosity of the base oil. This effect is more accentuated when using Claytone HY as the organophillic clay and winterizing the oil with 10,000 ppm of Arlacel 83. It is already well reported that oils with lower viscosity and similar pour point temperatures will make slurries with lower viscosities which is a key parameter in lowering the pour point temperature of the suspension.
aStatic or Setting Test
bPour Point
Hydration and Performance Tests of Slurries of this Invention
An embodiment of a formulation of a slurry of this invention designated F1A at 4.0 lb WGA-15 per gallon was formulated with Conosol C-145 without added winterizer added having a Pour Point>3° F. The F1A formulation had the following composition:
Another embodiment of a formulation of a slurry of this invention designated F1(W) at 4.0 lb WGA-15 per gallon was formulated with Conosol C-145 with added winterizer having a Pour Point≧−16° F. The F1(W) formulation had the following composition:
Another embodiment of a formulation of a slurry of this invention designated F2B at 4.2 lb WGA-15 per gallon was formulated with Conosol C-145 without added winterizer having a Pour Point>3° F. The F2B formulation had the following composition:
Another embodiment of a formulation of a slurry of this invention designated F2(W) at 4.2 lb WGA-15 per gallon was formulated with Conosol C-145 with added winterizer having a Pour Point temperatures of≧16° F. The F2(W) formulation had the following composition:
Performance Tests of Commercial WGA-15 and Slurries Made with Conosol C-145
This example illustrates the formulation of a slurry of this invention including 2% clay, designated Example A.
The oil (Conosol 145) was rolled at medium shear. To the rolled oil was slowly added a winterizing agent (Arlacel 83) and the resulting mixture was mixed for 10 minutes. To this mixtures was added a clay (Benton 150) and the resulting mixture was blended for 15 minutes. To this mixtures was quickly added a pre-blended surfactant (Suspend Aid 130) and the resulting mixture was blended for 15 minutes. To this mixtures was added an guar and the shear rate of the blending was gradually increased. When all guar was added, the slurry was blended at high shear for 30 minutes.
The Example A formulation had the following composition:
This example illustrates the formulation of a slurry of this invention including 2% clay, designated Example B.
The oil (Conosol 145) was rolled at medium shear. To the rolled oil was slowly added a winterizing agent (Arlacel 83) and the resulting mixture was mixed for 10 minutes. To this mixtures was added a clay (Benton 150) and the resulting mixture was blended for 15 minutes. To this mixtures was quickly added a pre-blended surfactant (Suspend Aid 130) and the resulting mixture was blended for 15 minutes. To this mixtures was added an guar and the shear rate of the blending was gradually increased. When all guar was added, the slurry was blended at high shear for 30 minutes.
The Example B formulation had the following composition:
This example illustrates the formulation of a slurry of this invention including 2% clay, designated Example C.
The oil (Conosol 145) was rolled at medium shear. To the rolled oil was slowly added a winterizing agent (Arlacel 83) and the resulting mixture was mixed for 10 minutes. To this mixtures was added a clay (Benton 150) and the resulting mixture was blended for 15 minutes. To this mixtures was quickly added a pre-blended surfactant (Suspend Aid 130) and the resulting mixture was blended for 15 minutes. To this mixtures was added an guar and the shear rate of the blending was gradually increased. When all guar was added, the slurry was blended at high shear for 30 minutes.
The Example C formulation had the following composition:
Table VIII tabulates properties of the slurry formulations. Table IX tabulates 72° F. Static Settling test results. Table X tabulates 72° F. stirred settling test results. Table XI tabulates 105° F. static settling test results.
All references cited herein are incorporated by reference. Although the invention has been disclosed with reference to its preferred embodiments, from reading this description those of skill in the art may appreciate changes and modification that may be made which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the invention as described above and claimed hereafter.
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/479486 filed Jun. 5, 2009.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12479486 | Jun 2009 | US |
| Child | 15289751 | US |
