This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0090723, filed Sep. 7, 2011, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a wiper blade assembly, and more particularly to a wiper blade assembly equipped with a wiper blade and a connector coupled with a wiper arm of a vehicle.
In general, a wiper blade removes a foreign material, snow, or rain while a vehicle is driven to prevent front visibility of a driver from being interrupted, and performs a repetitive reciprocating action in a fan shape as a motor drives a link apparatus connected to a wiper arm.
A conventional wiper blade includes a lever assembly configured by connecting levers of metal materials in a tournament type. In the lever assembly, a plurality of tournament levers curve a wiper strip, so that the wiper strip having a backing plate installed therein traces a curvature of a vehicle glass.
The wiper blade has a problem in that the wiper blade lifts by an air pressure applied to a glass surface when the vehicle is driven at a high speed and chattering occurs.
Further, in order to accept various types of wiper driving arms having different standards and shapes for each kind of vehicle, conventional wiper blades have been released in a dedicated product types corresponding to the wiper driving arms.
That is, the conventional driving arm for the vehicle is largely classified into a āUā shaped clip type having a catching structure, a bayonet type fitted as a plug type, a pin type forming a protrusion in a side portion and taking a fitting structure by the protrusion, a side hole type performing a fitting coupling in a side portion of a wiper apparatus, developed by a Bosch corporation, and a top-lock type performing a coupling by a covering structure in an upper portion of the wiper apparatus, and the various types of driving arms have a limitation in that they can use only dedicated wiper apparatuses since their shapes and sizes are different from other.
Accordingly, the present invention has been made to provide a wiper blade which can achieve standardization and an easy design of products by providing a universal adaptor part having various standards and shapes among various driving arms.
Further, the present invention provides a wiper blade assembly which can receive various connectors by enabling an adaptor part to be attachable to/removable from a wiper blade.
Moreover, the present invention provides a wiper blade assembly which can be applied to wiper driving arms having various standards and shapes and prevents lifting and chattering.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wiper blade including: a wiper strip for directly wiping a wiping surface; a lever assembly for supporting the wiper strip; and a cover part for receiving the lever assembly, wherein the cover part includes: finned sections and integrally formed with the cover part totally concavely in a direction of the wiper strip, the finned section forming a front end in an upper side of the rover part; and an adaptor part having a fitting recess approximately in a center thereof to mount the connector.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wiper blade including: a wiper strip for directly wiping a wiping surface; a lever assembly for supporting the wiper strip; and a cover part for receiving the lever assembly, wherein the cover part includes: a concave part approximately in a center thereof; and an adaptor part having a fitting recess to mount the connector, and a lower surface of the adaptor part is formed to fit the concave part, an upper surface of the adaptor part is received in a bottom surface of the connector, at least one pair of connection protrusions for connecting the adaptor part and the connector are protrudely formed in the upper surface of the adaptor part, and the fitting recess is protrudely formed approximately in a center of the adaptor part.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wiper blade assembly including: a wiper strip for directly wiping a wiping surface; a lever assembly for supporting the wiper strip; a cover part for receiving the lever assembly, the cover part including an adaptor part having a fitting recess approximately in a center thereof; and a connector including a fitted part fitted in the fitting recess of the adaptor part, and coupling parts for catching a latch of a wiper arm, wherein the cover part further includes finned sections integrally formed with the cover part totally concavely in a direction of the wiper strip, the finned sections forming a front end in an upper side of the cover part.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wiper blade assembly including: a wiper strip for directly wiping a wiping surface; a lever assembly for supporting the wiper strip; a cover part for receiving the lever assembly, the cover part including an adaptor part having a fitting recess to mount a connector; and the connector including a fitted part fitted in the fitting recess of the adaptor part, and coupling parts for catching a latch of a wiper arm, wherein the cover part having a concave part approximately in a center thereof, and the adaptor part is formed to fit the concave part, an upper surface of the adaptor part is received in a bottom surface of the connector, at least one pair of connection protrusions for connecting the adaptor part and the connector are protrudely formed in the upper surface of the adaptor part, and the fitting recess is protrudely formed approximately in a center of the adaptor part.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a universal wiper blade which can be applied to driving arms having various standards and shapes.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a wiper blade which can be applied to driving arms having various standards and shapes and prevent lifting and chattering.
The following detailed description of the present invention shows a specified embodiment of the present invention and will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiment will be described in enough detail that those skilled in the art are able to embody the present invention. It should be understood that various embodiments of the present invention are different from each other and need not be mutually exclusive. For example, a specific shape, structure and properties, which are described in this disclosure, may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention with respect to one embodiment. Also, it should be noted that positions or placements of individual components within each disclosed embodiment may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description is not intended to be limited. If adequately described, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims of the present invention as well as all equivalents thereto. Similar reference numerals in the drawings designate the same or similar functions in many aspects.
Hereafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in order that the present invention may be easily implemented by those skilled in the art.
Referring to
Referring to
Hereinafter, the wiper blade illustrated in
The wiper blade 10 is connected to the front end of the wiper arm 20 through the connector 300 (not shown in
As illustrated in
Referring to
Referring to
The holding part 640 at one end of the wiper strip 600 illustrated in
The backing plate 700 applies elasticity and stiffness to the wiper lip pan 620. When pressurizing force is applied from the wiper arm 20, the pressurizing force is distributed to the wiper strip 600 through the lever assembly 500. At this time, the pressurizing force spreads in the length direction of the wiper strip 600 by the backing plate 700. Accordingly, the backing plate 700 should have elasticity and stiffness to maintain a shape of the wiper strip 600. The number of backing plates 700 and backing plate receiving grooves 630 may be two or more according to a degree of stiffness or elasticity of the wiper strip.
Referring to
As illustrated in
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the first lever 510 may be provided at a position spaced apart from a center of the wiper blade 10 by a predetermined distance. One end of the second lever 520 may be hinge coupled to the first lever 510 and the other end of the second lever 520 may be coupled to the cover part 400.
The first lever 510 supports the base part 610 of the wiper strip 600. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the first lever 510 slidably supports the base part 610 of the wiper strip 600.
Each of the pair of the first levers 510 includes two first fasteners 511, two first through holes 512, and two arm parts 513.
The first lever 510 is formed to have a mountain fold extending in a length direction by press-processing a metal plate. The first lever 510 is formed to have an arch shape of which a center is convex toward the cover part 400. A lower side of the first lever 510 is formed to have an open U-shaped cross section.
The first through hole 512 of the first lever 510 may be formed in the center of the first lever 510 for a hinge coupling with the second lever 520.
The first through hole 512 is opened in a width direction of the first lever. The first through hole 512 is a part connected with a second through hole 522 of the second lever 520 described below. The first fastener 511 for supporting, the wiper strip 600 is formed in both ends of the first lever 510. The first fastener 511 slidably supports the wiper strip 600. As illustrated in
The second lever 520 transfers the pressurizing force by the wiper arm 20 to the first lever 510. Further, the second lever 520 supports the wiper strip 600. The second lever 520 is coupled with the cover part 400 to maintain a whole shape of the wiper blade 10.
As illustrated in
The second lever 520 is formed in an arch shape toward the cover part 400. A lower side of the second lever 520 is formed to have an open U-shaped cross section. The arm part 523 includes the wiper center direction arm part 523a and the front end direction arm part 523b.
The center direction arm part 523a of the second lever 520 has the second through hole 522 formed therein to be hinge coupled with the first lever 510. The second through hole 522 may be formed in one end of the second lever 520.
The first receiving part 525 and the second receiving, part 526 for the coupling with the cover part 400, and the second fastener 521 for supporting the wiper strip are formed in the front direction arm part 523b of the second lever 520. A center line of the second fastener 521 in the horizontal direction corresponds to the center line L1 of the wiper strip 600 in the horizontal direction, similarly as the first fastener 511 of the first lever 510. The center line 12 of the second lever 520 in the horizontal direction is offset from the L1. The second fastener 521 may have the yoke shape. Further, the third through hole 524 for the hinge coupling with the cover part 400 is formed in the second lever 520.
As illustrated in
The cover part 400 is a means for receiving the lever assembly 500 and improving adhesion to the glass surface 30a of the wiper strip 600 by distributing the pressurizing force from the wiper arm 20 to the lever assembly 500
As illustrated in
The side spoilers 420 are located in both ends of the center cover part 410, respectively. The center cover part 410 and the side spoiler 420 are made of a synthetic resin, respectively, and have predetermined stiffness.
Further, the center cover part 410 and the side spoiler 420 are coupled with each other to configure the cover part 400, and the cover part 400 extends in a length direction of the wiper blade 10. A length of the length direction of the cover part 400 is longer than a length of a length direction of the lever assembly 500. The cover part 400 is integrally formed with the wiper strip 600 externally.
Referring to
As illustrated in
The lever cover parts 413 are disposed in both ends of the connection holder part 412 so as to cover the whole first lever 510.
Since the center cover part 410 is formed to have the arch shape convex toward the wiper arm 20, the wiper strip 600 comes into contact with the glass surface of the vehicle indirectly applying external force to the lever assembly 500.
As illustrated in
Referring
Referring to
The adaptor part 200 (not shown), which can be coupled with the connector 300 (not shown), is provided at an interior of the connection holder part 412 in a front side of the vehicle. Edges of the opening 412a of the connection holder part 412 are formed in a type having a curvature, and transfer stress concentrated in the opening 412a of the connection holder part 412 to the first lever cover part 413 of the center cover part 410.
Referring to
Referring to
The first lever cover part 413 is integrally formed with the finned section 415. The finned section 415 for generating pressurizing force pressurizing the wiper strip 600 against the glass surface 30a by receiving, the traveling wind applied to the driven vehicle is formed to be a slope.
Referring to
The side spoiler 420 includes the side finned section extending from the finned section 415b of the first lever cover part 413. The side spoiler 420 receives the front end direction arm part 523b of the second lever 520.
The side finned section 425 extends from the side tinned section upper front end 421 offset from the center line of the wiper blade 10. The side finned section upper front end 421 of the side spoiler 420 corresponds to the upper front end of the side spoiler 420. The side finned section upper front end 421 is offset from the center line L1 of the wiper strip 600 in a front direction of the vehicle in order to enable the side spoiler 425 to receive the second lever 520. Further, the offset of the finned section 425 is constantly maintained along the front end of the side spoiler 420. The traveling wind flows to a top side of the wiper blade 10. Accordingly, the lifting of the wiper blade 10 and the chattering are prevented.
Referring to
Referring to
Embodiments of the adaptor part according to the present invention will be hereinafter described.
Referring to
The adaptor part 200 is formed in a concave part 242 located approximately in a center of the connection holder part 412 of the cover part 400. It is preferable that the concave part 242 is formed in a trapezoidal shape of which a width becomes narrower in a direction of the wiper strip 600 so that the connection holder part tinned section 415a corresponding to a part of the center finned section 415 of the wiper blade is connected with a lower end portion of the connection holder part 412. However, the concave part 242 is not limited to the trapezoidal shape, and may be formed in a U shape. A lower surface of the adaptor part 200 is formed to fit the concave part 242.
As illustrated in
Accordingly, the adaptor part 200 is formed in the connection holder part 412 including the finned part 415a. Further, since the adaptor part 200 is integrally formed with the cover part 400, the adaptor part 200 is made of the same resin material as that of the cover part 400. Therefore, in order to secure stiffness, the lower portion of the adaptor 200 is formed in a closed type instead of an open type.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The front end 232 is formed in both ends of the adaptor part 200, and connected with each of the first receiving groove 223 and the second receiving groove 224. The front end 232 may be formed to maintain a predetermined height from the connection holder part 412.
Referring to
The adaptor part 201 is formed in a concave part 240 located approximately in the center of the connection holder part 412. It is preferable that the concave part 240 is formed in a trapezoidal shape of which a width becomes narrower in a direction of the wiper strip 600 so that the connection holder part finned section 415a corresponding to a part of the center finned section 415 of the wiper blade is connected with the lower end portion of the connection holder part 412. However, the concave part 240 is not limited to the trapezoidal shape, and may be formed in a shape. In this embodiment, the adaptor part 201 is not required to be formed to fit the concave part 240.
As illustrated in
Accordingly, the adaptor part 201 is formed in the connection holder part 412 including the finned part 415a. Further, since the adaptor part 201 is integrally formed with the cover part 400, the adaptor part 200 is made of the same resin material as that of the cover part 400. Therefore, in order to secure stiffness, the lower portion of the adaptor 201 is formed in a closed type instead of an open type.
The adaptor part 201 is integrally formed with the cover part 400, and upwardly protrudes. Since he adaptor part 201 is integrally formed with the wiper blade 10, stiffness of the wiper blade 10 is increased. One end of the adaptor part 201 meets inclined one end 230 of the concave part 240, and the other end of the adaptor part 201 may be connected with an upper surface of the cover part 400. The other end of the adaptor part 201 may have a step with the cover part 400.
As another embodiment, both ends of the adaptor part 201 may be formed to meet inclined surfaces formed in both ends of the concave part 240.
As illustrated in
Both ends of the concave part 240 are downwardly inclined toward the center from the connection holder part 412, and a slope may be a straight line or a curve. A head part 310 of the connector 300 may be provided at one side of both ends 230 of the concave part 240. A cover 310b of the connector 300 is guided along the slope of one end 230 of the concave part 240, and can move forwardly and backwardly.
According to a shape of the connector 300, all front ends of both sides of the adaptor part 200 may be connected to an upper surface of the cover part 400.
Referring to
Since the adaptor part 202 is integrally formed with the cover part 400, the adaptor part 200 is made of the same resin material as that of the cover part 400. Therefore, in order to secure stiffness, the lower portion of the adaptor 202 is formed in a closed type instead of an open type.
Referring to
Referring to FIG. B, the adaptor part 202 may be formed in the cover part 400 including the finned section. That is, the adaptor part 202 may be formed in the center cover part 410 including the finned section.
The adaptor part 203 illustrated in
The wiper blade 10 includes a seating part 205 in an upper surface of the connection holder part so as to be connected with the attachable/removable adaptor part 203. The seating part 205 is formed in a concave part 245 located approximately in the center of the connection holder part 412 of the cover part 400. The adaptor part 200 is formed in the concave part 245 located approximately in the center of the connection holder part 412 of the cover part 400. It is preferable that the concave part 245 is formed in a trapezoidal shape of which a width becomes narrower in a direction of the wiper strip 600 so that the connection holder part finned section 415a corresponding to a part of the center finned section 415 of the wiper blade is connected with a lower end portion of the connection holder part 412. However, the concave part 245 is not limited to the trapezoidal shape, and may be formed in a U shape.
As illustrated in
A seating part catching protrusion 206 for a coupling with or a removal from the adaptor part 203 is provided at one side of the adaptor seating part 205. The seating part 205 has an embossing structure for the coupling with the adaptor part 203, and accordingly the adaptor part 203 also has the embossing structure, which makes the seating part 205 and the adaptor part 203 engaged. That is, the adaptor part 203 further includes an embossing part 216 and an adaptor part latch 217 for a coupling with the seating part 205 of the wiper blade 10. When the adaptor part is forwardly pushed after the embossing part 216 and the embossing structure of the seating part 205 are engaged, forward and back movements of the adaptor part latch 217 are restrained by the seating part catching protrusion 206.
In the attachment and the removal of the adaptor part 203, if the adaptor part latch 217 is lifted, the adaptor part 203 is unlocked from the seating part catching protrusion 206 and becomes movable forwardly and backwardly, and then becomes removable upwardly.
A shape of the attachable/removable adaptor part 203 is formed to be connectable with the seating part 205 of the wiper blade, and a shape of an upper surface may be changed according to the coupling with the connector 300. A shape of the connectable connector 300 varies depending on the wiper arm 20, and a shape of the connectable adaptor varies depending on each connector 300. Accordingly, the attachable/removable adaptor part 203 can select the adaptor part and the connector for one wiper blade 10 according to a shape of the wiper arm 20.
Since a shape of the connector 300 coupled with the wiper arm in the U-hook type is the same as a shape of the conventional connector 300, its detailed description will be omitted. A shape of the upper portion of the adaptor part 200 with the connector 300 mounted thereto is the same as a conventional shape, but a bottom surface includes the embossing structure and the adaptor part latch as described above.
As described above, since the adaptor part 203 can be attached and removed, the adaptor part 203 can be coupled with various wiper arms 20 in one wiper blade 10.
Next, an embodiment of the connector will be described.
Prior to describing the embodiment of the connector, a shape of the wiper arm which can be connected to the connector according to the present invention will be described.
As illustrated in
The connector body 321 includes a fitted part 351 for a coupling with the adaptor part 200, and may include a first coupling part 331 formed in both sides of the connector body 321 for a coupling with the wiper arm in the top-lock type having the latch formed in a front portion of a lower portion of the front end of the wiper arm illustrated in
Referring to
As illustrated in
The connector head part body may include a guide part 361 for guiding a front and a back of the head part, cover 311b, the coupling groove 364 connected with the coupling protrusion 365 of the head part cover 311b, and an elastic catching piece 362 elastically coupled to the catching recess 363
Referring to
Referring to
When the catching protrusion of the wiper arm 20 is formed in a center of the wiper arm 20, the second coupling part 341 supports the catching protrusion. The head part 311 is formed in a front of the first coupling part 331 of the connector 300, and includes the head part cover 311b and the head part body 311a. The head part cover 311b covers an upper portion of the head part body 311a The head part cover 311b covers a top of a part of the front end of the wiper arm to prevent the wiper arm from moving forwardly, backwardly, and upwardly. A first lower end part 352 formed in a lower portion of the head part 311 engages with the first receiving groove 223 of the adaptor part 200, and a second lower end part 353 formed in a lower portion of a back end portion of the connector 300 engages with the second receiving groove 224 of the adaptor part 200. The head part cover 311b covers a top of the head part 311.
Referring to
The connector 300 is coupled with the adaptor part 200 from a top to a bottom of the adaptor part 200. The connector 300 includes the fitted part 351 received in the fitting recess 222 of the adaptor center pan 212. The fitting recess 222 of the adaptor center part 212 elastically pressurizes the fitted part 351 in a horizontal direction to prevent the connector 300 from being separated from the adaptor part.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Referring to
In a case where the wiper arm 20 is coupled to the connector 300, when the wiper arm 20 is coupled with and supported by the first coupling part 331 or the second coupling part 341 formed in sides of the connector 300, the head part cover 311b of the connector 300 is slid toward the back of the connector 300 along the guide part 361, and the elastic catching piece 362 formed in sides of the head part body 311a of the connector 300 is outwardly inserted in and is coupled with the catching recess 363 formed in sides of the head part cover 311b. Accordingly, forward, backward, and upward movements of the wiper arm 20 are restricted.
A process of separating the wiper arm 20 from the wiper blade assembly will be described.
When the elastic catching pieces 362 outwardly inserted in the catching recesses 363 of the head part cover 311b are pressed from both sides and thus released from the catching recess 363, the connector head part cover 311b is forwardly slid along the guide part 361, and can rotate by 90 degrees in a front bottom direction of the connector. When the head part cover 311b of the connector 300 rotates about the coupling protrusion 365 formed in the head part cover 311b, the wiper arm 20 can be separated from the first coupling part 331 or the second coupling part 341
The connector body 320 may include a fitted part 350 for a coupling with the adaptor pan 201, a first coupling part 330 for a coupling with the wiper arm in the top-lock, type, and a second coupling part 340 for a coupling with the wiper arm in the Bosch type. The fitted part 350 is received in the fitting recess 220 of the adaptor part 201 illustrated in
Referring to
As described in the first embodiment, the first coupling part 331 includes a slot groove formed in the first coupling part 331 for guiding the wiper arm from an upper portion to a lower portion of the connector 300 in order to be connected with the wiper arm in the top-lock type having the fitted part and a sliding part formed in the lower portion of the connector 300 supported by the backwardly slid fitted part of the wiper arm 20 guided along the slot groove. Further, the connector 300 includes the second coupling part 340 in order to be coupled with the wiper arm 20 having the fitted part spaced apart from the front end of the wiper arm 20, such as the wiper aim in the Bosch type, by a predetermined distance. The coupling protrusion of the wiper arm is inserted in the second coupling part 340 and thus rear supported.
The head part 310 is in front of the first coupling part 330 on the connector 300, and the head part 310 includes the head part cover 310b and the head part body 310a. The front end of the head part body 310a is formed to become higher so that the head part 310 engages with the one end 230 of the concave part 240, and the head part cover 310b is formed to cover an upper portion of the head part body 310a. The head part cover 310b covers a top of a part of the front end of the wiper arm 20 to prevent the wiper arm 20 from moving forwardly, backwardly, and upwardly.
The coupling between the connector 300 and the adaptor part 201 will be described with reference to
The connector 300 is coupled to the adaptor part 201 from a top to a bottom of the adaptor part 201. The fitted part 350 of the connector 300 is guided by the guide recess 219 and inserted in the fitting recess 220. The guide recess 219 may form a slope of which a horizontal direction width is increased toward the fitting recess 220 from an upper portion of the adaptor part 201. Accordingly, a coupling with the fitting recess of the connector 300 is easily achieved, and the connector 300 is not easily separated.
The connector 300 includes the fitted part 350 received in the fitting recess 220 of the adaptor part 201. The fitted part 350 inserted in the fitting recess 220 of the adaptor part 201 elastically pressurizes the adaptor part 201 in a horizontal direction to prevent the connector 300 from being separated from the adaptor part 201.
Hereinafter, a method of coupling the wiper arm to the connector 300 in a state where the connector 300 is mounted to the adaptor part 201 will be described.
The connector 300 is mounted to the adaptor part 201, and the wiper arm 20 is coupled to the connector 300. The wiper arm in the top-lock type has the catching protrusion for the coupling with the connector 300, is vertically induced along the first coupling part 330 of the connector 300 from a top to a bottom of the first coupling part 330, and is slid toward the back of the connector 300 in the lower end of the connector 300 and rear supported. Further, since the head part 310 of the connector 300 is horizontally fixed, the forward movement of the wiper arm is controlled by the head part cover 310b.
The wiper arm 20 having the latch spaced apart from the front end of the wiper arm 20 such as the wiper arm in Bosch type by a predetermined distance has the coupling protrusion for the coupling with the connector 300, and the connector 300 includes the Bosch coupling part 340 for the coupling with the wiper arm. The coupling protrusion of the wiper arm is inserted in the second coupling part 340 of the connector 300 and rear supported. The head part 310 covers the top of the front end of the wiper arm 20. When the head part 310 is horizontally fixed, the rotation and the forward movement of the wiper arm in the Bosch type are controlled.
The lower end portion of the head part body 310a of the connector is formed to be connected to one end 230 of the concave part 240.
In a case where the wiper arm 20 is coupled to the connector 300, when the wiper arm 20 is coupled with and supported by the first coupling part or the second coupling part formed in sides of the connector 300, the head part cover 310b forwardly and backwardly moves along one end 230 of the concave part 240 to restrain the front end of the wiper arm 20. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the wiper arm 20 from being, forwardly and upwardly separated.
A method of separating the wiper arm 20 from the wiper blade assembly will be described. The head part cover 310h can forwardly move along the one end 230 of the concave part 240. When the head part cover 311b of the connector 300 forwardly moves, the wiper arm 20 can be separated from the first coupling part 331 or the second coupling pan 332.
The features, structures and effects and the like described in the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. Furthermore, the features, structures, effects and the like provided in each embodiment can be combined or modified in other embodiments by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments belong. Therefore, contents related to the combination and modification should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described based on the preferred embodiment thereof, the embodiment is only illustrative and does not limit the present invention. It can be understood that those skilled in the art can achieve various modifications and applications that are not illustrated herein, without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. That is, each component described in the embodiments in detail may be modified and then implemented in various ways. Furthermore, it should be understood that the differences associated with the modifications and applications are included in the scope of the present invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10-2011-0090723 | Sep 2011 | KR | national |