During subterranean drilling and completion operations, a pipe or other conduit is lowered into a borehole in an earth formation during or after drilling operations. Such pipes are generally configured as multiple pipe segments to form a “string”, such as a drill string or production string. As the string is lowered into the borehole, additional pipe segments are coupled to the string by various connecting mechanisms, such as threaded connections.
Various power and/or communication signals may be transmitted through the pipe segments via a “wired pipe” configuration. Such configurations include electrical, optical or other conductors extending along the length of selected pipe segments. The conductors are operably connected between pipe segments by a variety of connecting configurations.
One such connecting configuration includes a threaded male-female configuration often referred to as a pin-box connection. The pin-box connection includes a male member, i.e., a “pin end” that includes an exterior threaded portion, and a female member, i.e., a “box end”, that includes an interior threaded portion and is configured to receive the pin in a threaded connection.
Some wired pipe configurations include a coupler mounted on the tip of the pin as well as in the box end. The coupler transmits power, data or both to an adjacent coupler. The coupler in the pin end is typically connected via a coaxial cable to a coupler in the box end.
Disclosed herein is a wired pipe segment that includes a body extending from a box end to a pin end and a coupler located in one of the box and pin ends. The coupler includes a carrier having at least one electrical component disposed therein and one or more antennas supported by and spaced from the carrier and being electrically coupled to the carrier through at least one of the electrical components. The wired pipe segment also includes a transmission line extending away from the coupler towards the other of the box and pin end and in electrical communication with the one or more antennas.
Also disclosed is a wired pipe coupler that carries at least a data signal an includes a carrier having a plurality of electrical components disposed therein and one or more antennas supported by and spaced from the carrier. The one or more antennas are electrically coupled to the carrier through respective ones of the plurality of electrical components.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
a and 6b illustrate portions of a coupler according to one embodiment;
a and 8b, respectively show perspective and cut-away side views of a double connector that may be used in one embodiment of a coupler;
a and 9b illustrate a carrier of a coupler in one embodiment before and after capacitors are sealed within the carrier; and
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed system, apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures.
Referring to
For example, during drilling operations, drilling fluid or drilling “mud” is introduced into the string 12 from a source such as a mud tank or “pit” and is circulated under pressure through the string 12, for example via one or more mud pumps. The drilling fluid passes into the string 12 and is discharged at the bottom of the borehole through an opening in a drill bit located at the downhole end of the string 12. The drilling fluid circulates uphole between the string 12 and the borehole and is discharged into the mud tank or other location.
The string 12 includes at least one string or wired pipe segment 14 having an uphole end 16 and a downhole end 18. As described herein, “uphole” refers to a location near the surface relative to a reference location when the segment 14 is disposed in a borehole, and “downhole” refers to a location away from the surface relative to the reference location.
An inner bore or other conduit 20 extends along the length of each segment 14 to allow drilling mud or other fluids to flow therethrough. A transmission line 22 is located within the segment 14 to provide protection for electrical, optical or other conductors to be disposed along the segment 14. In one embodiment, the transmission line 22 is a coaxial cable. In another embodiment, the transmission line 22 is formed of any manner of carrying power or data, including, for example, a twisted pair. In the case where the transmission line 22 is a coaxial cable it may include an inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric material. The coaxial cable may also include a shield layer that surrounds the dielectric. In one embodiment, the shield layer is electrically coupled to an outer conductor that may be formed, for example, by a rigid or semi-rigid tube of a conductive material.
The segment 14 includes an uphole connection 26 and a downhole connection 24. The segment 14 is configured so that the uphole connection 26 is positioned at an uphole location relative to the downhole connection 24. The downhole connection 26 includes a male connection portion 28 having an exterior threaded section, and is referred to herein as a “pin end” 26. The uphole connection 26 includes a female connection portion 30 having an interior threaded section, and is referred to herein as a “box end” 26.
The pin 24 and the box 26 are configured so that the pin 24 can be disposed within the box 26 to form a fixed connection there between to connect to an adjacent segment 12 or other downhole component. In one embodiment, the exterior of the male connecting portion 28 and the interior of the female connecting portion 30 are tapered along the length of the segment 14 to facilitate connecting. Although the pin end 24 and the box end 26 are described as having threaded portions, the pin 24 and box 26 ends may be configured to be coupled using any suitable mechanism, such as bolts or screws or an interference fit.
In one embodiment, the system 10 is operably connected to a downhole or surface processing unit which may act to control various components of the system 10, such as drilling, logging and production components or subs. Other components include machinery to raise or lower segments 14 and operably couple segments 14, and couplers. The downhole or surface processing unit may also collect and process data generated by the system 10 during drilling, production or other operations.
As described herein, “drillstring” or “string” refers to any structure or carrier suitable for lowering a tool through a borehole or connecting a drill bit to the surface, and is not limited to the structure and configuration described herein. For example, the string 12 is configured as a drillstring, hydrocarbon production string or formation evaluation string. The term “carrier” as used herein means any device, device component, combination of devices, media and/or member that may be used to convey, house, support or otherwise facilitate the use of another device, device component, combination of devices, media and/or member. Exemplary non-limiting carriers include drill strings of the coiled tube type, of the jointed pipe type and any combination or portion thereof. Other carrier examples include casing pipes, wirelines, wireline sondes, slickline sondes, drop shots, downhole subs, BHA's and drill strings.
Referring to
It shall be understood that the coupler 34 could also be included in a repeater element disposed between adjacent segments 14 (e.g., within the box end). In such a case, the data/power is transmitted from the coupler 34 in one segment 14, into the repeater. The signal may then be passed “as is,” amplified, and/or modified in the repeater and provided to the adjacent segment 14. Regardless of the configuration, it shall be understood that each coupler 34 can be connected to one or more transmission lines 22.
The pin end 24 includes threads 109 that can be used, as described above, to couple the pin 24 to a box of another segment 14. A distal end 130 of the pin end 24 includes a recess 122 formed therein. As shown, the recess 122 is formed as a groove. Of course the exact configuration of the recess 122 is not limited to only such a configuration. The coupler 100 includes coupler connectors 103 configured to electrically connect to one or more transmission lines (e.g., transmission lines) disposed in the segment 14. The recess 122 is shaped such that it receives the coupler 100 and can include holes 132 to receive the coupler connectors 103 such that the coupler 100 is at least partially, or completely, disposed within the recess 122. It shall be understood that a similar recess can also be formed in the similar manner in the box end (not shown) of the segment 14.
The coupler 100 also includes a carrier 110. In one embodiment, the electronics mentioned above are disposed within the carrier 110 as is more fully described below. The carrier 110 can be formed of a metallic material such as conductive steel. The coupler 100 also includes one or more spacers 121 disposed between the antennas 107 and the carrier 110 that fix the antennas 107 in a defined position relative to the carrier 110 during operation as well as during manufacturing process. In one embodiment, the spacers 121 are made at least partially of insulating materials such as, for example, ceramic or plastics like Teflon or polyether ether ketone (PEEK). In one embodiment, the spacers 121 are optional and may be omitted.
The coupler 100 further includes two or more double connectors 113. The double connectors are carried by the carrier 110. In one embodiment the double connectors 113 are integrally formed with the carrier 110. In another embodiment the double connectors 113 are removable from the carrier 110. In such an embodiment, the double connectors 113 may be welded to the carrier 110 to ensure a pressure tight and electrically reliable connection to the carrier 110. Such a connection is important considering that the coupler 100 is to be used in a harsh downhole environment as well as during manufacturing process of the coupler 100.
While more details are given below, the coupler 100 shown in
Regardless of how formed, the assembly comprising the antennas 107, carrier 110, spacers 121 (optionally), the double connector 113 and at least a portion of the coupler connectors 103 is then encapsulated in a mold material 101. The mold material 101 could be formed of PEEK or another plastic material by injection molding or other means. The mold material 101 protects the antennas 107 in particular and the coupler 100 in general, against invasion with drilling fluid and supports the mechanical robustness of the coupler 100.
In operation, the carrier 110 may be electrically coupled to the segment 14. In this manner, the carrier 110 provides a ground to which both antennas 107a, 107b are in electrical contact with the electronic components disposed within the carrier 110. In this same manner the antennas 107a, 107b are not electrically isolated from one another.
a and 6b show front and back views of portions of the coupler 100 without the antennas 107. The coupler connector 103 is shown attached to the carrier 110 and includes a connector pin 114. The connector pin 114 is electrically isolated from the carrier 110. The isolation 124 of the connector pin 114 could be realized by a plastic material like PEEK or by a glass-to-metal-seal.
As illustrated in
During assembly, and referring to both
The seal of the insulating layer 124 to the conductive body 115 is preferably pressure tight against 30,000 psi (2000 bar). The conductive body 115 provides for an electrical connection between the carrier 110 and the segment 14. In this manner, the carrier 110 is tied to ground relative to the antennas 107. In one embodiment, the electrical connection between the conductive body 115 and the segment 14 may be realized by radial coil springs 104 mounted in grooves 123 of the conductive body 115 or other means contacting an inner diameter of a hole inside the segment 14. In one embodiment, a first end 150 of the conductive body 115 includes a collar 151 sized to fit inside and mate with a hole formed in the carrier 110. The size of the collar 151 is the determined based on the width of the carrier 110 in one embodiment and as illustrated in
Referring again to
According to one embodiment, the pins 119 and the pin body 120 are connected to one another via electronic components. In one embodiment, the electronic components include at least one capacitor. It will be understood that the pin body 120 is in electrical contact with the carrier 110 which is in turn in electrical communication with the segment 14 either directly or through the conductive body 115 of the coupler connector 103 or both. In short, the pin body 120 represents a system ground and the pins 119 are connected to this ground via the electronic components. As will be understood, the pins 119 are in electrical contact with the antennas 107a, 107b of
As discussed above, the electrical components carried by the pin body 120 can be capacitors.
Referring again to
It has been discovered that the antennas 107 can generate eddy currents in the segment 14. These eddy currents produce electrical losses. To this end, and as best seen in
Optionally, the outer diameter 193 may also include a groove 195 that is used to create a snap fit with a corresponding extension formed in the groove 122 of the segment 14 (
One skilled in the art will recognize that the various components or technologies may provide certain necessary or beneficial functionality or features. Accordingly, these functions and features as may be needed in support of the appended claims and variations thereof, are recognized as being inherently included as a part of the teachings herein and a part of the invention disclosed.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications will be appreciated by those skilled in the art to adapt a particular instrument, situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
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20140144614 A1 | May 2014 | US |