WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS, AND TO-BE-CHARGED DEVICE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202110595767.3, filed on May 29, 2021, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to the wireless charging field, and in particular, to a wireless charging system and apparatus, and a to-be-charged device.

BACKGROUND

Wireless charging technology means using an electromagnetic wave to carry energy to charge a to-be-charged device. Due to development of wireless charging technology, charging no longer needs to rely on a charging cable, thereby meeting people's requirements for a degree of charging freedom.

In a wireless charging system, after receiving an electromagnetic wave signal, a to-be-charged device converts the electromagnetic wave signal into electric energy to charge the to-be-charged device. It is found through research that an electromagnetic wave signal with a relatively high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) can greatly improve power conversion efficiency of the wireless charging system. However, power conversion efficiency is also affected by a wireless channel and a hardware structure of a to-be-charged device. For example, the wireless channel causes waveform distortion of an electromagnetic wave signal, which reduces a PAPR of the electromagnetic wave signal. Consequently, power conversion efficiency is reduced. Due to different hardware structures, different to-be-charged devices have different signal receiving and conversion performance. As a result, power conversion efficiency is affected.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of this application provide a wireless charging system and apparatus, and a to-be-charged device, to improve power conversion efficiency of wireless charging.

According to a first aspect, this application provides a wireless charging system, and the wireless charging system includes a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device.

The wireless charging apparatus is configured to: obtain, in a charging period, channel information of a transmission channel and a waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, where the transmission channel is a channel between the wireless charging apparatus and the to-be-charged device at a first frequency, and the channel information includes signal attenuation and a transmission delay that are of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel; and generate a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter, and send the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel.

The to-be-charged device is configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, the target electromagnetic wave signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus; and convert the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and perform charging based on the direct current signal.

In the wireless charging system provided in this embodiment of this application, the wireless charging apparatus can determine, in a charging period, the channel information that includes the signal attenuation and the transmission delay that are of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel, and the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal; and can further send the target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter, so that the sent target electromagnetic wave signal can adapt to channel transmission, thereby improving power conversion efficiency of wireless charging. In addition, in the method, the channel information and structure information of the to-be-charged device do not need to be learned in advance, and it is only required to determine the channel information and the waveform parameter in a charging period, thereby improving practicability of the wireless charging method.

In an embodiment, when obtaining the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to select the waveform parameter from at least one preset candidate waveform parameter.

According to this embodiment, the wireless charging apparatus does not need to learn a hardware structure of a receive end to calculate the waveform parameter, and can select the waveform parameter from the at least one preset candidate waveform parameter, thereby improving efficiency of determining the waveform parameter.

When the wireless charging apparatus selects the waveform parameter from the at least one preset candidate waveform parameter, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: send at least one first test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; receive, through the transmission channel, a first measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device, where the first measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one first test signal by the to-be-charged device; and select the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

The to-be-charged device is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, the at least one first test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus; measure the signal quality of the at least one first test signal; and generate the first measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal, and send the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

According to this embodiment, the wireless charging apparatus may determine the at least one first test signal based on the at least one candidate waveform parameter, and each first test signal corresponds to a candidate waveform parameter. The to-be-charged device may generate the first measurement result based on the signal quality of the received at least one first test signal, and send the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus to assist the wireless charging apparatus in determining the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter. The target electromagnetic wave signal determined by using the waveform parameter obtained in the method can be more adaptable to transmission in the current transmission channel, thereby improving power conversion efficiency.

In an embodiment, the first measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: determine a first target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal included in the first measurement result; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

Alternatively, the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: determine the first target test signal indicated by the first indication information; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

According to this embodiment, the first measurement result may include the signal quality of the at least one first test signal, or may include the first indication information used to indicate the first target test signal with highest signal quality, so that the wireless charging apparatus can determine the first target test signal with highest signal quality after receiving the first measurement result, so as to determine an optimal waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter.

In an embodiment, when obtaining the channel information of the transmission channel, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: perform a channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information; or select the channel information from at least one piece of preset candidate channel information.

According to this embodiment, this embodiment of this application provides a plurality of manners of determining the channel information. The wireless charging apparatus may perform channel measurement to obtain the channel information or select the channel information from the at least one piece of preset candidate channel information, to ensure that the wireless charging apparatus obtains the channel information in real time, so that the target electromagnetic wave signal determined based on the channel information can adapt to channel transmission, thereby reducing a loss of the target electromagnetic wave signal in the transmission channel.

In an embodiment, when performing the channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: send a beacon signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the beacon signal is used by the to-be-charged device to perform channel measurement; and receive, through the transmission channel, the channel information sent by the to-be-charged device.

The to-be-charged device is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, the beacon signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus; perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information; and send the channel information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

In an embodiment, the to-be-charged device is further configured to send a beacon signal to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, where the beacon signal is used by the wireless charging apparatus to perform channel measurement.

When performing the channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, the beacon signal sent by the to-be-charged device; and perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

According to this embodiment, the wireless charging apparatus can measure the channel information of the current transmission channel by using the beacon signal, to ensure accuracy of obtained target channel information, thereby reducing a loss caused to the target electromagnetic wave signal in transmission on the current wireless channel, and improving power conversion efficiency.

In an embodiment, when selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of preset candidate channel information, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: send at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; receive, through the transmission channel, a second measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device, where the second measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one second test signal by the to-be-charged device; and select the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

The to-be-charged device is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, the at least one second test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus; measure signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal; and generate the second measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal, and send the second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

In an embodiment, the second measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one second test signal. When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: determine a second target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal included in the second measurement result; and determine, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

Alternatively, the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal. When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result, the wireless charging apparatus is specifically configured to: determine the second target test signal indicated by the second indication information; and determine, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

According to this embodiment, the wireless charging apparatus can preset at least one piece of candidate channel information, and the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information. The wireless charging apparatus may send the at least one piece of second test information to the to-be-charged device, and select the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result fed back by the to-be-charged device. In this manner, the channel information does not need to be calculated, and instead, the channel information is determined by measuring the signal quality of the at least one second test signal, so that a calculation amount of the to-be-charged device is reduced, thereby improving wireless charging efficiency while ensuring accuracy of the channel information.

In an embodiment, the waveform parameter is an exponential factor for an exponential operation performed on the signal attenuation in the channel information in a process of generating the target electromagnetic wave signal.

In an embodiment, the target electromagnetic wave signal meets the following formula:

$w_{n} = e^{j \overline{φ_{n}}} A_{n}^{β} \sqrt{\frac{2 P}{\sum_{n = 1}^{N} A_{n}^{2 β}}}$

where n represents the first frequency, w_nrepresents the target electromagnetic wave signal, φ_nrepresents the transmission delay included in the channel information, A_nrepresents the signal attenuation included in the channel information, P is total transmit power of the wireless charging apparatus, and β is the waveform parameter.

In an embodiment, the transmission channel corresponds to a transceiver antenna combination, and the transceiver antenna combination includes one transmit antenna in the wireless charging apparatus and one receive antenna in the to-be-charged device.

According to this embodiment, one transceiver antenna combination corresponds to one transmission channel. According to the wireless charging method provided in this embodiment of this application, the target electromagnetic wave signal may be determined for each of a plurality of transmission channels corresponding to a plurality of antenna combinations. Therefore, the wireless charging apparatus may send different electromagnetic wave signals by using different transceiver antennas to obtain an expected signal radiation mode, to implement beamforming, thereby improving power conversion efficiency of wireless charging performed on the to-be-charged device.

In an embodiment, the wireless charging apparatus is further configured to: before obtaining the channel information of the transmission channel and the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, receive, through the transmission channel, charging request information sent by the to-be-charged device.

The to-be-charged device is further configured to: determine that current power is greater than or equal to power required for sending the charging request information, and send the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

According to this embodiment, the to-be-charged device may send the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus after determining that power of the to-be-charged device can be used to send the charging request information, so that the wireless charging apparatus determines the target electromagnetic wave signal to efficiently charge the to-be-charged device.

According to a second aspect, this application provides a wireless charging apparatus, including a signal processing module, a power signal generation module, and at least one transceiver antenna.

The signal processing module is configured to obtain, in a charging period, channel of an electromagnetic wave signal, where the transmission channel is a channel between the wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device at a first frequency, and the channel information includes signal attenuation and a transmission delay that are of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel.

The power signal generation module is configured to generate a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter.

The at least one transceiver antenna is configured to send the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel.

In an embodiment, when obtaining the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, the signal processing module is specifically configured to select the waveform parameter from at least one preset candidate waveform parameter.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to: send at least one first test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; and receive, through the transmission channel, a first measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device, where the first measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one first test signal by the to-be-charged device.

When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one preset candidate waveform parameter, the signal processing module is specifically configured to select the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

In an embodiment, the first measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the signal processing module is specifically configured to: determine a first target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal included in the first measurement result; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

Alternatively, the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the signal processing module is specifically configured to: determine the first target test signal indicated by the first indication information; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

In an embodiment, when obtaining the channel information of the transmission channel, the signal processing module is specifically configured to: perform a channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information; or select the channel information from at least one piece of preset candidate channel information.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to: send a beacon signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the beacon signal is used by the to-be-charged device to perform channel measurement; and receive, through the transmission channel, the channel information sent by the to-be-charged device.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to receive, through the transmission channel, a beacon signal sent by the to-be-charged device. When performing the channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information, the signal processing module is specifically configured to perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to: send at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; and send the at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information.

When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of preset candidate channel information, the signal processing module is specifically configured to select the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

In an embodiment, the second measurement result includes signal quality of the at least one second test signal. When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result, the signal processing module is specifically configured to: determine a second target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal included in the second measurement result; and determine, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

Alternatively, the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal. When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result, the signal processing module is specifically configured to: determine the second target test signal indicated by the second indication information; and determine, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

In an embodiment, the target electromagnetic wave signal meets the following formula:

$w_{n} = e^{j \overline{φ_{n}}} A_{n}^{β} \sqrt{\frac{2 P}{\sum_{n = 1}^{N} A_{n}^{2 β}}}$

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to: before the signal processing module obtains the channel information of the transmission channel and the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, receive, through the transmission channel, charging request information sent by the to-be-charged device.

According to a third aspect, this application provides a to-be-charged device, including a transceiver antenna and a power receiving module.

The at least one transceiver antenna is configured to receive, through a transmission channel, a target electromagnetic wave signal sent by a wireless charging apparatus, where the target electromagnetic wave signal is generated by the wireless charging apparatus based on obtained channel information of the transmission channel and an obtained waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal.

The power receiving module is configured to: convert the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and perform charging based on the direct current signal.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, at least one first test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; and send a first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

The power receiving module is further configured to measure signal quality of the at least one first test signal. The to-be-charged device further includes a signal processing module, and the signal processing module is configured to generate the first measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal.

In an embodiment, the first measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one first test signal; or the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, a beacon signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus; and send the channel information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

The signal processing module is further configured to perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to send a beacon signal to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, where the beacon signal is used by the wireless charging apparatus to perform channel measurement.

In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, at least one second test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; and send a second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

The power receiving module is further configured to measure signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal.

The signal processing module is further configured to generate the second measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal.

In an embodiment, the second measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one second test signal; or the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal.

In an embodiment, the signal processing module is further configured to determine that current power is greater than or equal to power required for sending charging request information.

The at least one transceiver antenna is further configured to send the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a wireless charging method applied to a wireless charging apparatus. The method includes:

- obtaining, in a charging period, channel information of a transmission channel and a waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, where the transmission channel is a channel between the wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device at a first frequency, and the channel information includes signal attenuation and a transmission delay that are of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel; and
- generating a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter, and sending the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1801.

In an embodiment, the obtaining a waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal includes: selecting the waveform parameter from at least one preset candidate waveform parameter.

In an embodiment, the selecting the waveform parameter from at least one preset candidate waveform parameter includes:

- sending at least one first test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; receiving, through the transmission channel, a first measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device, where the first measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one first test signal by the to-be-charged device; and selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

In an embodiment, the first measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one first test signal. The selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result includes: determining a first target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal included in the first measurement result; and determining, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

Alternatively, the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal. The selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result includes: determining the first target test signal indicated by the first indication information; and determining, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

In an embodiment, the obtaining channel information of a transmission channel includes: performing a channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information; or selecting the channel information from at least one piece of preset candidate channel information.

In an embodiment, the performing a channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information includes: sending a beacon signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the beacon signal is used by the to-be-charged device to perform channel measurement; and receiving, through the transmission channel, the channel information sent by the to-be-charged device.

In an embodiment, the performing a channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information includes: receiving, through the transmission channel, a beacon signal sent by the to-be-charged device; and performing channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

In an embodiment, the selecting the channel information from at least one piece of preset candidate channel information includes: sending at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; receiving, through the transmission channel, a second measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device, where the second measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one second test signal by the to-be-charged device; and selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

In an embodiment, the second measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one second test signal. The selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result includes: determining a second target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal included in the second measurement result; and determining, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information. Alternatively, the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal. The selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result includes: determining the second target test signal indicated by the second indication information; and determining, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

In an embodiment, the target electromagnetic wave signal meets the following formula:

$w_{n} = e^{j \overline{φ_{n}}} A_{n}^{β} \sqrt{\frac{2 P}{\sum_{n = 1}^{N} A_{n}^{2 β}}}$

In an embodiment, before the obtaining channel information of a transmission channel and a waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, the method further includes: receiving, through the transmission channel, charging request information sent by the to-be-charged device.

According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a wireless charging method applied to a to-be-charged device. The method includes:

- receiving, through a transmission channel, a target electromagnetic wave signal sent by a wireless charging apparatus, where the target electromagnetic wave signal is generated by the wireless charging apparatus based on obtained channel information of the transmission channel and an obtained waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal; and converting the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and performing charging based on the direct current signal.

In an embodiment, the method further includes: receiving, through the transmission channel, at least one first test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; measuring signal quality of the at least one first test signal; generating a first measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal; and sending the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

In an embodiment, the method further includes: receiving, through the transmission channel, a beacon signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus; performing channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information; and sending the channel information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

In an embodiment, the method further includes: sending a beacon signal to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, where the beacon signal is used by the wireless charging apparatus to perform channel measurement.

In an embodiment, the method further includes: receiving, through the transmission channel, at least one second test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; measuring signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal; generating a second measurement result based on signal quality of the at least one second test signal; and sending the second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

In an embodiment, the method further includes: determining that current power is greater than or equal to power required for sending charging request information, and sending the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a wireless charging apparatus, including a transceiver antenna and at least one processor. The at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one processor is configured to read instructions stored in the at least one memory to perform the method provided in the fourth aspect.

According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a to-be-charged device, including a transceiver antenna and at least one processor. The at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one processor is configured to read instructions stored in the at least one memory to perform the method provided in the fifth aspect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an architecture of a wireless charging system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of power conversion efficiency of a high-PAPR random signal and an equi-amplitude continuous wave signal;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a change in a PAPR of an electromagnetic wave signal in a transmission process on a wireless channel;

FIG. 4 is an interaction flowchart of a wireless charging method according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a signal radiation mode of broadcast power generation and a signal radiation mode after beamforming according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a charging period according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a waveform parameter determining method according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a first channel information determining manner according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a second channel information determining manner according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a third channel information determining method according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of structures of a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a first frame structure of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted between a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a first instance of a wireless charging method according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a second frame structure of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted between a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a second instance of a wireless charging method according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a third frame structure of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted between a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a third instance of a wireless charging method according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a wireless charging apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a to-be-charged device according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 20a is a schematic diagram of a structure of a first to-be-charged device and a diagram of power conversion efficiency corresponding to different candidate waveform parameters when the to-be-charged device is wirelessly charged according to an embodiment of this application; and

FIG. 20b is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second to-be-charged device and a diagram of power conversion efficiency corresponding to different candidate waveform parameters when the to-be-charged device is wirelessly charged according to an embodiment of this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following describes terms related to the embodiments of this application.

A wireless charging technology means using an electromagnetic wave to carry energy to charge a to-be-charged device. Specifically, a wireless charging apparatus may transmit an electromagnetic wave by using a transceiver antenna, and the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in air. The to-be-charged device can receive the electromagnetic wave by using a transceiver antenna, and convert the electromagnetic wave into a direct current signal, to charge the to-be-charged device by using electric energy obtained after conversion. Wireless charging can reach a transmission distance at a meter level. Therefore, the technology in which the electromagnetic wave is used for wireless charging may also be referred to as a remote wireless charging technology.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an architecture of a wireless charging system. Referring to FIG. 1, the wireless charging system includes a wireless charging apparatus and at least one to-be-charged device, for example, three to-be-charged devices (a device 1, a device 2, and a device 3) shown in FIG. 1 as examples. Optionally, in this embodiment of this application, the wireless charging apparatus may be a device such as a charging base station, and the to-be-charged device may be a terminal device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device (for example, a watch, a band, a helmet, or an earphone), an in-vehicle device, an augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) device, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart home device (for example, a smart television, a smart sound box, or a smart camera); or may be Internet of Things (IOT) devices corresponding to various applications.

In a wireless charging process, the wireless charging apparatus may send an electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device. After receiving the electromagnetic wave signal, the to-be-charged device converts the electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, to charge the to-be-charged device.

In a wireless charging technology, how to improve power conversion efficiency of converting an electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal is an important problem. It is found through research that an electromagnetic wave signal with a relatively high PAPR can greatly improve power conversion efficiency of the wireless charging system. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of power conversion efficiency of a high-PAPR random signal and an equi-amplitude continuous wave signal. A solid line represents power conversion efficiency of the high-PAPR random signal, and a dashed line represents power conversion efficiency of the equi-amplitude continuous wave signal. It can be learned from FIG. 2 that when input power is the same, power conversion efficiency of the random signal with a high PAPR is higher than power conversion efficiency of the equi-amplitude continuous wave signal. Therefore, increasing a PAPR of an electromagnetic wave signal is an effective manner of improving conversion efficiency of wireless charging.

In a process of transmitting an electromagnetic wave signal on a wireless channel, a waveform of the electromagnetic wave signal is distorted. As a result, a PAPR of the electromagnetic wave signal decreases. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a change in a PAPR of an electromagnetic wave signal in a transmission process on a wireless channel. A dashed line represents a waveform of an originally sent electromagnetic wave signal, and a solid line represents a waveform of the electromagnetic wave signal after the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted through the wireless channel. It can be learned from FIG. 3 that after the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted through the wireless channel, the waveform of the electromagnetic wave signal is distorted, which causes a decrease in the PAPR of the electromagnetic wave signal. As a result, power conversion efficiency of wireless charging is further affected.

In addition, power conversion efficiency is also affected by a hardware structure of a to-be-charged device. Due to different hardware structures, different to-be-charged devices have different signal receiving and conversion performance. As a result, power conversion efficiency is affected.

Currently, a common solution is used to improve power conversion efficiency: An optimal waveform is calculated according to an optimization algorithm by using known channel information and structure information of a to-be-charged device, so as to reduce a loss of an electromagnetic wave signal in a transmission process. However, in an actual application scenario, the channel information changes due to impact of various factors, and a relatively large error may exist when the channel information is learned in advance. In addition, because there are many types of to-be-charged devices and many developers, and different to-be-charged devices have different structures, it is relatively difficult to learn structure information of each to-be-charged device. Therefore, the existing method for improving power conversion efficiency of wireless charging has a limitation.

Based on the foregoing problem, the embodiments of this application provide a wireless charging method, to improve power conversion efficiency of wireless charging. The method may be applied to the wireless charging system shown in FIG. 1. The method is specifically described below with reference to a flowchart of a wireless charging method shown in FIG. 4.

S401: A wireless charging apparatus performs broadcast power generation to send a broadcast charging signal, and a to-be-charged device receives the broadcast charging signal.

Broadcast power generation means that the wireless charging apparatus does not perform beamforming or waveform optimization processing on a sent electromagnetic wave signal. When a transceiver antenna of the wireless charging apparatus is a transceiver antenna array, beamforming means that a parameter of the transceiver antenna array is adjusted, so that signals at some angles obtain constructive interference while signals at some other angles obtain destructive interference, thereby obtaining an expected signal radiation mode. For example, FIG. 5 shows a signal radiation mode of broadcast power generation and a signal radiation mode after beamforming. It can be learned that in a broadcast power generation phase, an electromagnetic wave signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus is not for a specific to-be-charged device. Waveform optimization processing means that a waveform parameter of a sent electromagnetic wave signal is adjusted to reduce a loss of the electromagnetic wave signal during transmission on a wireless channel. For example, the wireless charging method provided in this embodiment of this application may be considered as a wireless charging method combining beamforming and beam optimization.

In the broadcast power generation phase, the wireless charging apparatus may send the broadcast charging signal through broadcast, and each to-be-charged device in a transmission range of the broadcast charging signal sent by the wireless charging device can receive the broadcast charging signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus.

S402: The to-be-charged device determines whether power of the to-be-charged device is greater than power required for sending charging request information; and if the power is greater than the power required for sending the charging request information, proceed to step S404; or if the power is not greater than the power required for sending the charging request information, proceed to step S403.

Optionally, the charging request information sent by the to-be-charged device to the wireless charging apparatus may be, for example, an acknowledge (acknowledge character, ACK) sent by the to-be-charged device. The ACK is used to indicate that the to-be-charged device receives the broadcast charging signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus.

S403: The to-be-charged device converts the received broadcast charging signal into a direct current signal, to inefficiently charge the to-be-charged device.

It can be understood that the wireless charging apparatus sends the broadcast charging signal without performing beamforming and waveform optimization on a sent electromagnetic wave signal, and therefore power of the broadcast charging signal that can be received by the to-be-charged device is not high. However, in this case, the power of the to-be-charged device is not sufficient to support the to-be-charged device in sending the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus. Therefore, the to-be-charged device needs to convert the received broadcast charging signal into a direct current signal to inefficiently charge the to-be-charged device until the power of the to-be-charged device is greater than the power required for sending the charging request information.

S404: The to-be-charged device sends the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus, and the wireless charging apparatus receives the charging request information sent by the to-be-charged device.

S405: The wireless charging apparatus obtains, in a charging period, channel information of a transmission channel and a waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal; and generates a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter.

The transmission channel is a channel between the wireless charging apparatus and the to-be-charged device at a first frequency. The first frequency may be a frequency obtained through division in advance. For example, N frequencies are obtained through division in advance, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The transmission channel between the wireless charging apparatus and the to-be-charged device is a medium that is between the wireless charging apparatus and the to-be-charged device and that is used to transmit an electromagnetic wave signal. Specifically, the wireless charging apparatus sends an electromagnetic wave signal by using a transmit antenna, the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, and the to-be-charged device receives the electromagnetic wave signal by using a receive antenna. It can be understood that a transmission channel actually carrying the signal is not a completely ideal transmission channel, and both signal attenuation and a delay are generated when the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted on the transmission channel. The channel information of the transmission channel includes signal attenuation and a transmission delay that are of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel.

The waveform parameter is a parameter value used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, and the waveform parameter may be a constant value.

For example, the target electromagnetic wave signal may meet Formula 1:

$\begin{matrix} w_{n} = e^{j \overline{φ_{n}}} A_{n}^{β} \sqrt{\frac{2 P}{\sum_{n = 1}^{N} A_{n}^{2 β}}} & (Formula 1) \end{matrix}$

where n represents the first frequency; w_nrepresents the target electromagnetic wave signal, where 0<n≤N; φ_nrepresents the transmission delay included in the channel information; A_nrepresents the signal attenuation included in the channel information; P is total transmit power of the wireless charging apparatus; and β is the waveform parameter.

It can be learned from Formula 1 that the waveform parameter β may be an exponential factor for an exponential operation performed on the signal attenuation in the channel information in a process of generating the target electromagnetic wave signal.

It can be learned from the foregoing description that the channel information of the transmission channel may change. Therefore, in this embodiment of this application, a charging period is set. In a charging period, the wireless charging apparatus generates the target electromagnetic wave signal and sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device. The to-be-charged device may convert the received target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, to charge the to-be-charged device. After a charging period ends and at the beginning of a next charging period, the wireless charging apparatus may re-determine the channel information and the waveform parameter, and generate the target electromagnetic wave signal, to ensure that the sent target electromagnetic wave signal can adapt to the transmission channel in real time, thereby reducing a signal loss and a transmission delay of the target electromagnetic wave signal during transmission on the transmission channel.

In an optional implementation, a charging period may include a target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase and a wireless energy transmission phase. For example, FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a charging period. In the target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase, the wireless charging apparatus determines the channel information and the waveform parameter, and determines the target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter. In the wireless energy transmission phase, the wireless charging apparatus sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device. In the wireless energy transmission phase, the to-be-charged device may convert the received target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, to charge the to-be-charged device.

Optionally, after determining the channel information and the waveform parameter, the wireless charging apparatus may generate the target electromagnetic wave signal according to Formula 1.

S406: The wireless charging apparatus sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel.

S407: The to-be-charged device converts the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and performs charging based on the direct current signal.

Further, it can be learned from Formula 1 that in S405, parameters that need to be determined by the wireless charging apparatus before the wireless charging apparatus generates the target electromagnetic wave signal include the channel information and the waveform parameter. A method for determining the waveform parameter by the wireless charging apparatus in this embodiment of this application is described below.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a waveform parameter determining method according to an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

S701: The wireless charging apparatus sends at least one first test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, and the to-be-charged device receives the at least one first test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

Optionally, at least one candidate waveform parameter may be preset, and the at least one candidate waveform parameter may be determined based on a historical waveform parameter stored in the wireless charging apparatus, or may be set based on experience of a skilled person. The at least one candidate waveform parameter is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one first test signal, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter. In addition, it can be learned according to Formula 1 that an electromagnetic wave signal may be determined by using the channel information and the waveform parameter. In this case, a piece of channel information may be preset, for example, attenuation and a delay that are set are used as channel information corresponding to the at least one first test signal.

S702: The to-be-charged device measures signal quality of each first test signal, and generates a first measurement result based on the signal quality of each first test signal.

That the to-be-charged device measures the signal quality of each first test signal may be measuring receive power of each first test signal. The first measurement result includes the signal quality of each of the at least one first test signal; or the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal.

In an optional implementation, the to-be-charged device may measure signal quality of each received first test signal, and generates the first measurement result based on measured signal quality of the at least one first test signal. The to-be-charged device may directly use the signal quality of each first test signal as the first measurement result. For example, each time the to-be-charged device receives a first test signal, the to-be-charged device measures signal quality of the first test signal, and uses the signal quality of the first test signal as the first measurement result. Alternatively, after receiving the at least one first test signal and separately measuring the at least one first test signal to obtain signal quality of the at least one first test signal, the to-be-charged device may use signal quality of all first test signals in the at least one first test signal as the first measurement result.

In another optional implementation, the to-be-charged device may measure signal quality of each received first test signal, use a first test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal as the first target test signal, and use an identifier of the first target test signal as the first indication information. The first measurement result may include the first indication information.

S703: The to-be-charged device sends the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, and the wireless charging apparatus receives, through the transmission channel, the first measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device.

Optionally, when the first measurement result includes the signal quality of each of the at least one first test signal, each time the to-be-charged device receives a first test signal and measures signal quality of the first test signal, the to-be-charged device may use the signal quality of the first test signal as the first measurement result, and send the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. In other words, the to-be-charged device needs to send at least one first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. Alternatively, after receiving the at least one first test signal and measures signal quality of the at least one first test signal, the to-be-charged device may use the signal quality of the at least one first test signal as the first measurement result. In other words, the to-be-charged device sends the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus after receiving all first test signals.

It should be noted that, that the first measurement result includes signal quality of one first test signal or signal quality of all first test signals is example description provided in this embodiment of this application. The first measurement result may alternatively include signal quality of a specified quantity of first test signals. In this case, the to-be-charged device may divide the signal quality of all the first test signals into a plurality of first measurement results to be fed back to the wireless charging apparatus. In other words, a manner of sending the first measurement result by the to-be-charged device is not limited in this embodiment of this application, and any method that can be used to feed back signal quality of at least one first test signal to the wireless charging apparatus is applicable.

S704: The wireless charging apparatus selects the waveform parameter from the at least one preset candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

In an optional implementation, when the first measurement result includes the signal quality of each of the at least one first test signal, the wireless charging apparatus determines the first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal based on the first measurement result, and uses a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter. For example, when the signal quality is receive power, the wireless charging apparatus may use a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to a first test signal with maximum receive power as the waveform parameter.

In another optional implementation, when the first measurement result includes the first indication information, the wireless charging apparatus may determine the first target test signal indicated by the first indication information, and use a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

Several manners of determining the channel information by the wireless charging apparatus in this embodiment of this application are described below.

Manner 1

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a first channel information determining manner according to an embodiment of this application. The manner includes the following steps.

S801: The wireless charging apparatus sends a beacon signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, and the to-be-charged device receives, through the transmission channel, the beacon signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus.

Optionally, the beacon signal is used by the to-be-charged device to perform channel measurement, and the channel beacon may be a preconfigured or a protocol-agreed electromagnetic wave signal.

S802: The to-be-charged device performs channel measurement based on the received beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

Optionally, after receiving the beacon signal, the to-be-charged device calculates attenuation and a delay in a transmission process on the wireless channel based on the received beacon signal and the preconfigured or protocol-agreed beacon signal that is originally sent by the wireless charging apparatus, and uses the determined attenuation and delay as the channel information.

It should be noted that the to-be-charged device may calculate the channel information based on a channel measurement and calculation method, for example, the channel estimation method includes least square (LS) channel estimation, minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation, and maximum likelihood (ML) channel estimation. Using the LS channel estimation method as an example, the to-be-charged device may determine the channel information according to the following formula:

Ĥ
_LS=(X^HX)⁻¹X^HY

where Ĥ_LSis the channel information obtained based on the LS channel estimation method, X is the beacon signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, and Y is the beacon signal received by the to-be-charged device.

S803: The to-be-charged device sends the channel information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, and the wireless charging apparatus receives, through the transmission channel, the channel information sent by the to-be-charged device.

In an optional implementation, the to-be-charged device may send the channel information to the wireless charging apparatus by using a channel feedback signal.

Manner 2

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a second channel information determining manner according to an embodiment of this application. The manner includes the following steps.

S901: The to-be-charged device sends a beacon signal to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, and the wireless charging apparatus receives, through the transmission channel, the beacon signal sent by the to-be-charged device.

S902: The wireless charging apparatus performs channel measurement based on the received beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

It should be noted that for a manner of measuring the channel information by the wireless charging apparatus, refer to the manner of measuring the channel information by the to-be-charged device in Manner 1. Repeated parts are not described again.

Manner 3

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a third channel information determining method according to an embodiment of this application. The manner includes the following steps.

S1001: The wireless charging apparatus sends at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, and the to-be-charged device receives, through the transmission channel, the at least one second test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus.

Optionally, at least one piece of candidate channel information may be preset, and the at least one piece of candidate channel information may be determined based on historical channel information stored in the wireless charging apparatus, or may be set based on experience of a skilled person. The at least one piece of candidate channel information is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one second test signal, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information. In addition, it can be learned according to Formula 1 that an electromagnetic wave signal is determined by using the channel information and the waveform parameter. In this case, a waveform parameter may be preset. For example, a waveform parameter β corresponding to each of the at least one second test signal is set to 1. In this case, each second test signal corresponds to a piece of candidate channel information, and the waveform parameter of each second test signal is β=1.

S1002: The to-be-charged device measures signal quality of each second test signal, and generates a second measurement result based on the signal quality of each second test signal.

That the to-be-charged device measures the signal quality of each second test signal may be measuring receive power of each second test signal. The second measurement result includes the signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal; or the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal.

In an optional implementation, the to-be-charged device may measure signal quality of each received second test signal, and generates the second measurement result based on measured signal quality of the at least one second test signal. The to-be-charged device may directly use the signal quality of each second test signal as the second measurement result. For example, each time the to-be-charged device receives a second test signal, the to-be-charged device measures signal quality of the second test signal, and uses the signal quality of the second test signal as the second measurement result. Alternatively, after receiving the at least one second test signal and separately measuring the at least one second test signal to obtain signal quality of the at least one second test signal, the to-be-charged device may use signal quality of all second test signals in the at least one second test signal as the second measurement result.

In another optional implementation, the to-be-charged device may measure signal quality of each received second test signal, use a second test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal as the second target test signal, and use an identifier of the second target test signal as the second indication information. The second measurement result may include the second indication information.

S1003: The to-be-charged device sends the second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, and the wireless charging apparatus receives, through the transmission channel, the second measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device.

Optionally, when the second measurement result includes the signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal, each time the to-be-charged device receives a second test signal and measures signal quality of the second test signal, the to-be-charged device may use the signal quality of the second test signal as the second measurement result, and send the second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. In other words, the to-be-charged device needs to send at least one second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. Alternatively, after receiving the at least one second test signal and measures signal quality of the at least one second test signal, the to-be-charged device may use the signal quality of the at least one second test signal as the second measurement result. In other words, the to-be-charged device sends the second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus after receiving all second test signals.

It should be noted that, that the second measurement result includes signal quality of one second test signal or signal quality of all second test signals is example description provided in this embodiment of this application. The second measurement result may alternatively include signal quality of a specified quantity of second test signals. In this case, the to-be-charged device may divide the signal quality of all the second test signals into a plurality of second measurement results to be fed back to the wireless charging apparatus. In other words, a manner of sending the second measurement result by the to-be-charged device is not limited in this embodiment of this application, and any method that can be used to feed back signal quality of at least one second test signal to the wireless charging apparatus is applicable.

S1004: The wireless charging apparatus selects the channel information from the at least one piece of preset candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

In an optional implementation, when the second measurement result is used to indicate the signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal, the wireless charging apparatus determines the second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal based on the second measurement result, and uses candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

In another optional implementation, when the second measurement result includes the second indication information, the wireless charging apparatus may determine the second target test signal indicated by the second indication information, and use candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

In addition, in an optional implementation of this application, a transceiver antenna of the wireless charging apparatus may be a transceiver antenna array, and a transmit antenna in the wireless charging apparatus and a receive antenna in the to-be-charged device form a transceiver antenna combination. In at least one antenna combination including a transceiver antenna array of the wireless charging apparatus and a transceiver antenna of the to-be-charged device, each antenna combination corresponds to a transmission channel, and for implementation of generating the target electromagnetic wave signal on each transmission channel, refer to the wireless charging method shown in FIG. 4. For example, in Manner 1 of determining channel information, the wireless charging apparatus may send at least one beacon signal by using at least one antenna in the transceiver antenna array of the wireless charging apparatus, and the to-be-charged device may receive the at least one beacon signal by using the transceiver antenna. In this way, channel information obtained after the to-be-charged device performs channel measurement based on the at least one beacon signal may include channel information of at least one transmission channel. In this case, the channel information may be, for example:

$\hat{H} = [\begin{matrix} A_{11} e^{j ψ_{11}} & \dots & A_{1 M} e^{j ψ_{1 M}} \\ ⋮ & ⋱ & ⋮ \\ A_{N 1} e^{j ψ_{N 1}} & \dots & A_{NM} e^{j ψ_{NM}} \end{matrix}]$

where A_ijrepresents signal attenuation, included in the channel information, that is at an i^thfrequency and that is of a transmission channel corresponding to a j^thtransceiver antenna in M transceiver antennas included in the antenna array of the wireless charging apparatus; and ψ_ijrepresents a transmission delay, included in the channel information, that is at the i^thfrequency and that is of the transmission channel corresponding to the j^thtransceiver antenna. In implementation, N frequencies may be obtained through division in advance, where 0<i≤N, and 0<j≤M.

After obtaining the channel information Ĥ, the wireless charging apparatus may generate the target electromagnetic wave signal according to the following Formula 2:

$\begin{matrix} w_{n m} = e^{j \overline{φ_{n m}}} A_{n m}^{β} \sqrt{\frac{2 P}{\sum_{n = 1}^{N} \sum_{m = 1}^{M} A_{n m}^{2 β}}} & (Formula 2) \end{matrix}$

where w_nmrepresents an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted at an n^thfrequency on a transmission channel corresponding to an m^thtransceiver antenna, where 0<n≤N, and 0<m≤M; P is total transmit power of the wireless charging apparatus; A_mnrepresents signal attenuation, included in the channel information, that is at an i^thfrequency and that is of the transmission channel corresponding to the m^thtransceiver antenna; ψ_mnrepresents a transmission delay, included in the channel information, that is at the n^thfrequency and that is of the transmission channel corresponding to the m^thtransceiver antenna; and β may be the waveform parameter determined based on the manner shown in FIG. 7.

In the foregoing manner, an electromagnetic wave signal sent in the wireless energy transmission phase can be determined for a transmission channel corresponding to each transceiver antenna in the antenna array of the wireless charging apparatus. Electromagnetic wave signals of different waveforms are sent by using different antennas, so that electromagnetic wave signals at some angles obtain constructive interference while electromagnetic wave signals at some other angles obtain destructive interference, so as to obtain an expected signal radiation mode, thereby implementing beamforming and improving power conversion efficiency of wireless charging perform on the to-be-charged device.

It can be understood that the transceiver antenna in the to-be-charged device may also be a transceiver antenna array. When both the transceiver antenna of the to-be-charged device and the transceiver antenna of the wireless charging apparatus are transceiver antenna arrays, the channel information may be three-dimensional channel information. The target electromagnetic wave signal determined by the wireless charging apparatus includes an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted on a transmission channel corresponding to an antenna combination including any transceiver antenna in the transceiver antenna array of the wireless charging apparatus and any transceiver antenna in the transceiver antenna array of the to-be-charged device. In addition, for a manner of determining the channel information and the waveform parameter, still refer to the method implementation described in the foregoing embodiment. Repeated parts are not described again.

It should be noted that a sequence of determining the channel information and the waveform parameter is not limited in this embodiment of this application. For example, the wireless charging apparatus may determine the waveform parameter based on the method shown in FIG. 7, and then determine the channel information based on any of the methods shown in FIG. 8 to FIG. 10. Alternatively, the wireless charging apparatus may determine the channel information based on any of the methods shown in FIG. 8 to FIG. 10, and then determine the waveform parameter based on the method shown in FIG. 7. In addition, if the wireless charging apparatus first determines the channel information and then determines the waveform parameter, when generating at least one first test signal, the wireless charging apparatus may use the channel information as channel information corresponding to the at least one first test signal. Similarly, when the wireless charging apparatus first determines the waveform parameter and then determines the channel information, if the channel information is determined in Manner 3 shown in FIG. 10, the wireless charging apparatus may use the determined waveform parameter as a waveform parameter of the at least one second test signal.

Possible structures of a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device in the embodiments of this application are described below. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of structures of a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device according to an embodiment of this application. Optionally, it can be learned from description of the wireless charging system shown in FIG. 1 that the wireless charging apparatus can simultaneously wirelessly charge at least one to-be-charged device. For ease of description, one to-be-charged device is shown as an example in FIG. 11.

Referring to FIG. 11, the wireless charging apparatus may include a first transceiver antenna 1101, a first signal processing module 1102, and a power signal generation module 1103. Optionally, the wireless charging apparatus may further include a first communications module 1104. A switch 1 may be switched to connect the first transceiver antenna 1101 and the first communications module 1104, or the switch 1 may be switched to connect the first transceiver antenna 1101 and the power signal generation module 1103. It should be noted that in implementation, the first communications module 1104 may be connected to a separate transceiver antenna different from the first transceiver antenna 1101. An electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by using the first communications module 1104 may be received or sent by the separate transceiver antenna, and the switch 1 does not need to be disposed.

Functions of the modules in the wireless charging apparatus are further described below.

The first signal processing module 1102 is configured to obtain, in a charging period, channel information of a transmission channel and a waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, where the transmission channel is a channel between the wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device at a first frequency, and the channel information includes signal attenuation and a transmission delay that are of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel.

The power signal generation module 1103 is configured to generate a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter.

The first transceiver antenna 1101 is configured to send the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel.

In an implementation, when obtaining the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to select the waveform parameter from at least one preset candidate waveform parameter.

In an implementation, the first transceiver antenna 1101 is further configured to: send at least one first test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; and receive, through the transmission channel, a first measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device, where the first measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one first test signal by the to-be-charged device.

When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one preset candidate waveform parameter, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to select the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

Optionally, after receiving the first measurement result, the first transceiver antenna 1101 may send the first measurement result to the first communications module 1104, and the first communications module 1104 sends the first measurement result to the first signal processing module 1102.

In an implementation, the first measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to: determine a first target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal included in the first measurement result; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

Alternatively, the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to: determine the first target test signal indicated by the first indication information; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

In an implementation, when obtaining the channel information of the transmission channel, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to: perform a channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information; or select the channel information from at least one piece of preset candidate channel information.

Optionally, the first communications module 1104 is further configured to generate a beacon signal. The beacon signal is used by the to-be-charged device to perform channel measurement.

In an implementation, the first transceiver antenna 1101 is further configured to: send the beacon signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel; and receive, through the transmission channel, the channel information sent by the to-be-charged device.

In an implementation, the first transceiver antenna 1101 is further configured to receive, through the transmission channel, the beacon signal sent by the to-be-charged device.

When performing the channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

In an implementation, the first transceiver antenna 1101 is further configured to: send at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; and send the at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information.

When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of preset candidate channel information, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to select the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

Alternatively, the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal. When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result, the first signal processing module 1102 is specifically configured to: determine the second target test signal indicated by the second indication information; and determine, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

In an implementation, the waveform parameter is an exponential factor for an exponential operation performed on the signal attenuation in the channel information in a process of generating the target electromagnetic wave signal.

In an implementation, the target electromagnetic wave signal meets the following formula:

$w_{n} = e^{j \overline{φ_{n}}} A_{n}^{β} \sqrt{\frac{2 P}{\sum_{n = 1}^{N} A_{n}^{2 β}}}$

In an implementation, the transmission channel corresponds to a transceiver antenna combination, and the transceiver antenna combination includes one transmit antenna in the wireless charging apparatus and one receive antenna in the to-be-charged device.

In an implementation, the first transceiver antenna 1101 is further configured to: before the first signal processing module 1102 obtains the channel information of the transmission channel and the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, receive, through the transmission channel, charging request information sent by the to-be-charged device.

It should be noted that the power signal generation module 1103 and the first communications module 1104 each may include a mixer, an oscillator, and a power amplifier, which are configured to process a baseband signal of each of electromagnetic wave signals (such as the target electromagnetic wave signal, the at least one first test signal, the at least one second test signal, and the beacon signal) generated in the two modules into a high frequency signal that can be transmitted on the wireless channel, and may be further configured to process a high frequency signal received by the first transceiver antenna 1101 into a baseband signal.

Referring to FIG. 11, the to-be-charged device may include a second transceiver antenna 1105 and a power receiving module 1106. Optionally, the to-be-charged device may further include a second signal processing module 1107 and a second communications module 1108. A switch 2 may be switched to connect the second transceiver antenna 1105 and the second communications module 1108; or the switch 2 may be switched to connect the second transceiver antenna 1105 and the power receiving module 1103. It should be noted that in implementation, the second communications module 1108 may be connected to a separate transceiver antenna different from the second transceiver antenna 1105. An electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by using the second communications module 1108 may be received or sent by the separate transceiver antenna, and the switch 2 does not need to be disposed.

Functions of the modules in the to-be-charged device are further described below.

The second transceiver antenna 1105 is configured to receive, through a transmission channel, a target electromagnetic wave signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the target electromagnetic wave signal is generated by the wireless charging apparatus based on obtained channel information of the transmission channel and an obtained waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal.

The power receiving module 1106 is configured to: convert the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and perform charging based on the direct current signal.

In an implementation, the second transceiver antenna 1105 is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, at least one first test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; and send a first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

The power receiving module 1106 is further configured to measure signal quality of the at least one first test signal.

The second signal processing module 1107 is configured to generate the first measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal.

In an implementation, the first measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one first test signal; or the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal.

In an implementation, the second transceiver antenna 1105 is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, a beacon signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus; and send the channel information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel.

The second signal processing module 1107 is further configured to perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

In an implementation, the second transceiver antenna 1105 is further configured to send a beacon signal to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, where the beacon signal is used by the wireless charging apparatus to perform channel measurement.

Optionally, the second communications module 1108 is configured to generate the beacon signal.

In an implementation, the second transceiver antenna 1105 is further configured to: receive, through the transmission channel, at least one second test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; and send a second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

The power receiving module 1106 is further configured to measure signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal.

The second signal processing module 1107 is further configured to generate the second measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal.

Optionally, after determining the second measurement result, the second signal processing module 1107 may send the second measurement result to the second communications module 1108, and the second communications module sends the second measurement result to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

In an implementation, the second measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one second test signal; or the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal.

In an implementation, the second signal processing module 1107 is further configured to determine that current power is greater than power required for sending charging request information.

The second transceiver antenna 1105 is further configured to send the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus.

It should be noted that the power receiving module 1106 and the second communications module 1108 each may include a mixer, an oscillator, and a power amplifier, which are configured to process a baseband signal of a received electromagnetic wave signal into a high frequency signal that can be transmitted on the wireless channel, and may be further configured to process a high frequency signal received by the second transceiver antenna 1105 into a baseband signal.

A wireless charging method provided in the embodiments of this application is further described below by using several specific instances with reference to the structures of the wireless charging apparatus and the to-be-charged device shown in FIG. 11.

Instance 1

In an optional implementation, in a wireless charging system provided in this embodiment of this application, for a frame structure of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted between a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device, refer to FIG. 12. An example in which duration of a charging period is T is shown in FIG. 12. A charging period includes a target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase and a wireless energy transmission phase. In the target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase, the wireless charging apparatus sends a beacon signal and at least one first test signal, and the to-be-charged device sends channel information and a first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. The wireless charging apparatus determines a waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, and determines a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter. In the wireless energy transmission phase, the wireless charging apparatus sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device. The to-be-charged device receives the target electromagnetic wave signal, converts the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and charges the to-be-charged device based on the direct current signal.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a wireless charging method according to Instance 1. The instance includes the following steps.

S1301: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the first communications module 1104, and the first communications module 1104 generates a beacon signal.

S1302: The first communications module 1104 sends the beacon signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1303: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the beacon signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105 of the to-be-charged device.

S1304: The to-be-charged device switches the switch 2 to the second communications module 1108, and the second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the beacon signal to the second communications module 1108.

S1305: The second communications module 1108 sends the beacon signal to the second signal processing module 1107.

S1306: The second signal processing module 1107 calculates channel information based on the received beacon signal and the preconfigured or protocol-agreed beacon signal that is originally sent by the wireless charging apparatus.

S1307: The second signal processing module 1107 sends the channel information to the second communications module 1108.

S1308: The second communications module 1108 sends the channel information to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1309: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the channel information to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1310: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the channel information to the first communications module 1104.

S1311: The first communications module 1104 sends the channel information to the first signal processing module 1102.

S1312: The first signal processing module 1102 sends the channel information to the power signal generation module 1103.

S1313: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the power signal generation module 1103, and the power signal generation module 1103 generates at least one first test signal based on the channel information and at least one candidate waveform parameter.

S1314: The power signal generation module 1103 sends the at least one first test signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1315: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the at least one first test signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1316: The to-be-charged device switches the switch 2 to the power receiving module 1106, and the second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the at least one first test signal to the power receiving module 1106.

S1317: The power receiving module 1106 measures receive power of the at least one first test signal.

S1318: The power receiving module 1106 sends the measured receive power of the at least one first test signal to the second signal processing module 1107.

S1319: The second signal processing module 1107 determines a first measurement result based on the receive power of the at least one first test signal.

In an optional implementation, after completing measurement of receive power of each of the at least one first test signal, the power receiving module 1106 may send the receive power of the at least one first test signal to the second signal processing module 1107. The second signal processing module 1107 determines maximum receive power in the receive power of the at least one first test signal, and uses an identifier of a first target test signal with the maximum receive power as first indication information. The first measurement result includes the first indication information.

In another optional implementation, each time the power receiving module 1106 receives a first test signal and measures receive power of the first test signal, the power receiving module 1106 sends the receive power of the first test signal to the second signal processing module 1107. The second signal processing module 1107 uses the received receive power of the first test signal as the first measurement result.

S1320: The second signal processing module 1107 sends the first measurement result to the second communications module 1108.

S1321: The second communications module 1108 sends the first measurement result to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1322: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the first measurement result to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1323: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the first communications module 1104, and the first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the first measurement result to the first communications module 1104.

S1324: The first communications module 1104 sends the first measurement result to the first signal processing module 1102.

S1325: The first signal processing module 1102 selects a waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

S1326: The first signal processing module 1102 sends the waveform parameter to the power signal generation module 1103.

S1327: The power signal generation module 1103 generates a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the waveform parameter and the channel information.

S1328: The power signal generation module 1103 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1329: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1330: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the power receiving module 1106.

S1331: The power receiving module 1106 converts the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and charges the to-be-charged device based on the direct current signal.

Instance 2

In an optional implementation, in a wireless charging system provided in this embodiment of this application, for a frame structure of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted between a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device, refer to FIG. 14. An example in which duration of a charging period is T is shown in FIG. 14. A charging period includes a target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase and a wireless energy transmission phase. In the target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase, the to-be-charged device sends a beacon signal, and the wireless charging apparatus receives the beacon signal sent by the to-be-charged device, and calculates channel information based on the received beacon signal. The wireless charging apparatus sends at least one first test signal. After receiving the at least one first test signal, the to-be-charged device determines a first measurement result, and sends the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. The wireless charging apparatus determines a waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, and determines a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter. In the wireless energy transmission phase, the wireless charging apparatus sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device. The to-be-charged device receives the target electromagnetic wave signal, converts the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and charges the to-be-charged device based on the direct current signal.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a wireless charging method according to Instance 2. The instance includes the following steps.

S1501: The to-be-charged device switches the switch 2 to the second communications module 1108, and the second communications module 1108 generates a beacon signal.

S1502: The second communications module 1108 sends the beacon signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1503: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the beacon signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1504: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the first communications module 1104, and the first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the beacon signal to the first communications module 1104.

S1505: The first communications module 1104 sends the beacon signal to the first signal processing module 1102.

S1506: The first signal processing module 1102 calculates channel information based on the received beacon signal and the preconfigured or protocol-agreed beacon signal that is originally sent by the wireless charging apparatus.

S1507: The first signal processing module 1102 sends the channel information to the power signal generation module 1103.

S1508: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the power signal generation module 1103, and the power signal generation module 1103 generates at least one first test signal based on the channel information and at least one candidate waveform parameter.

S1509: The power signal generation module 1103 sends the at least one first test signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1510: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the at least one first test signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1511: The to-be-charged device switches the switch 2 to the power receiving module 1106, and the second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the at least one first test signal to the power receiving module 1106.

S1512: The power receiving module 1106 measures receive power of the at least one first test signal.

S1513: The power receiving module 1106 sends the measured receive power of the at least one first test signal to the second signal processing module 1107.

S1514: The second signal processing module 1107 determines a first measurement result based on the receive power of the at least one first test signal.

For details, refer to the implementation of determining the first measurement result in S1319 in the wireless charging method shown in FIG. 13. Repeated parts are not described again.

S1515: The second signal processing module 1107 sends the first measurement result to the second communications module 1108.

S1516: The second communications module 1108 sends the first measurement result to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1517: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the first measurement result to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1518: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the first communications module 1104, and the first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the first measurement result to the first communications module 1104.

S1519: The first communications module 1104 sends the first measurement result to the first signal processing module 1102.

S1520: The first signal processing module 1102 selects a waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

S1521: The first signal processing module 1102 sends the waveform parameter to the power signal generation module 1103.

S1522: The power signal generation module 1103 generates a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the waveform parameter and the channel information.

S1523: The power signal generation module 1103 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1524: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1525: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the power receiving module 1106.

S1526: The power receiving module 1106 converts the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and charges the to-be-charged device based on the direct current signal.

Instance 3

In an optional implementation, in a wireless charging system provided in this embodiment of this application, for a frame structure of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted between a wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device, refer to FIG. 16. An example in which duration of a charging period is T is shown in FIG. 16. A charging period includes a target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase and a wireless energy transmission phase. In the target electromagnetic wave signal determining phase, the to-be-charged device sends at least one second test signal. After receiving the at least one second test signal, the to-be-charged device determines a second measurement result, and sends the second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. The wireless charging apparatus determines channel information based on the second measurement result. The wireless charging apparatus sends at least one first test signal. After receiving the at least one first test signal, the to-be-charged device determines a first measurement result, and sends the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus. The wireless charging apparatus determines a waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, and determines a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter. In the wireless energy transmission phase, the wireless charging apparatus sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device. The to-be-charged device receives the target electromagnetic wave signal, converts the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and charges the to-be-charged device based on the direct current signal.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a wireless charging method according to Instance 2. The instance includes the following steps.

S1701: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the power signal generation module 1103, and the power signal generation module 1103 determines at least one second test signal based on at least one piece of specified channel information.

S1702: The power signal generation module 1103 sends the at least one second test signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1703: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the at least one second test signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1704: The to-be-charged device switches the switch 2 to the power receiving module 1106, and the second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the at least one second test signal to the power receiving module 1106.

S1705: The power receiving module 1106 measures receive power of the at least one second test signal.

S1706: The power receiving module 1106 sends the measured receive power of the at least one second test signal to the first signal processing module 1102.

S1707: The first signal processing module 1102 determines a second measurement result based on the receive power of the at least one second test signal.

In an optional implementation, after completing measurement of receive power of each of the at least one second test signal, the power receiving module 1106 may send the receive power of the at least one second test signal to the second signal processing module 1107. The second signal processing module 1107 determines maximum receive power in the receive power of the at least one second test signal, and uses an identifier of a second target test signal with the maximum receive power as second indication information. The second measurement result includes the second indication information.

In another optional implementation, each time the power receiving module 1106 receives a second test signal and measures receive power of the second test signal, the power receiving module 1106 sends the receive power of the second test signal to the second signal processing module 1107. The second signal processing module 1107 uses the received receive power of the second test signal as the second measurement result.

S1708: The first signal processing module 1102 sends the second measurement result to the second communications module 1108.

S1709: The second communications module 1108 sends the second measurement result to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1710: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the second measurement result to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1711: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the first communications module 1104, and the first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the second measurement result to the first communications module 1104.

S1712: The first communications module 1104 sends the second measurement result to the first signal processing module 1102.

S1713: The first signal processing module 1102 selects channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

S1714: The first signal processing module 1102 sends the channel information to the power signal generation module 1103.

S1715: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the power signal generation module 1103, and the power signal generation module 1103 generates at least one first test signal based on the channel information and at least one candidate waveform parameter.

S1716: The power signal generation module 1103 sends the at least one first test signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1717: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the at least one first test signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1718: The to-be-charged device switches the switch 2 to the power receiving module 1106, and the second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the at least one first test signal to the power receiving module 1106.

S1719: The power receiving module 1106 measures receive power of the at least one first test signal.

S1720: The power receiving module 1106 sends the measured receive power of the at least one first test signal to the second signal processing module 1107.

S1721: The second signal processing module 1107 determines a first measurement result based on the receive power of the at least one first test signal.

For details, refer to the implementation of determining the first measurement result in S1319 in the wireless charging method shown in FIG. 13. Repeated parts are not described again.

S1722: The second signal processing module 1107 sends the first measurement result to the second communications module 1108.

S1723: The second communications module 1108 sends the first measurement result to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1724: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the first measurement result to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1725: The wireless charging apparatus switches the switch 1 to the first communications module 1104, and the first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the first measurement result to the first communications module 1104.

S1726: The first communications module 1104 sends the first measurement result to the first signal processing module 1102.

S1727: The first signal processing module 1102 selects a waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

S1728: The first signal processing module 1102 sends the waveform parameter to the power signal generation module 1103.

S1729: The power signal generation module 1103 generates a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the waveform parameter and the channel information.

S1730: The power signal generation module 1103 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the first transceiver antenna 1101.

S1731: The first transceiver antenna 1101 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the second transceiver antenna 1105.

S1732: The second transceiver antenna 1105 sends the target electromagnetic wave signal to the power receiving module 1106.

S1733: The power receiving module 1106 converts the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and charges the to-be-charged device based on the direct current signal.

Based on the same technical concept, this application further provides a wireless charging apparatus 1800. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the wireless charging apparatus 1800 according to an embodiment of this application. The wireless charging apparatus 1800 may be the wireless charging apparatus in the wireless charging system shown in FIG. 1, and may implement functions of the wireless charging apparatus in the wireless charging methods shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 13, FIG. 15, and FIG. 17. Referring to FIG. 18, the wireless charging apparatus 1800 includes a transceiver antenna 1801 and a processor 1802. Further, optionally, the wireless charging apparatus 1800 may include a memory 1803. The transceiver antenna 1801, the processor 1802, and the memory 1803 are connected to each other. It should be noted that the wireless charging apparatus 1800 may include at least one processor 1802 and at least one memory 1803. An example in which the wireless charging apparatus 1800 includes one processor 1802 and one memory 1803 is shown in FIG. 18.

The transceiver antenna 1801 is configured to receive and send a signal to communicate and interact with another device. For example, the transceiver antenna 1801 may be a transceiver antenna array including at least one transceiver antenna.

The memory 1803 is configured to store instructions, and the processor 1802 is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 1803. The memory 1803 stores program code, and the processor 1802 may invoke the program code stored in the memory 1803 to perform the wireless charging method provided in the embodiments of this application.

The processor 1802 is configured to: obtain, in a charging period, channel information of a transmission channel and a waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, where the transmission channel is a channel between the wireless charging apparatus and a to-be-charged device at a first frequency, and the channel information includes signal attenuation and a transmission delay that are of an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel; generate a target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter; and send the target electromagnetic wave signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1801.

In an implementation, when obtaining the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to select the waveform parameter from at least one preset candidate waveform parameter.

In an implementation, when selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one preset candidate waveform parameter, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to:

- send at least one first test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1801, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; receive, through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1801, a first measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device, where the first measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one first test signal by the to-be-charged device; and select the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

In an implementation, the first measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: determine a first target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal included in the first measurement result; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

Alternatively, the first measurement result includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a first target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one first test signal. When selecting the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: determine the first target test signal indicated by the first indication information; and determine, from the at least one candidate waveform parameter, a candidate waveform parameter corresponding to the first target test signal as the waveform parameter.

In an implementation, when obtaining the channel information of the transmission channel, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: perform a channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information; or select the channel information from at least one piece of preset candidate channel information.

In an implementation, when performing the channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: send a beacon signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1801, where the beacon signal is used by the to-be-charged device to perform channel measurement; and receive, by using the transceiver antenna 1801, the channel information sent by the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel.

In an implementation, when performing the channel measurement process on the transmission channel to obtain the channel information, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: receive, by using the transceiver antenna 1801, a beacon signal sent by the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel; and perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information.

In an implementation, when selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of preset candidate channel information, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: send at least one second test signal to the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1801, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; receive, by using the transceiver antenna 1801, a second measurement result sent by the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel, where the second measurement result is obtained by measuring signal quality of the at least one second test signal by the to-be-charged device; and select the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

In an implementation, the second measurement result includes the signal quality of the at least one second test signal. When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: determine a second target test signal with highest signal quality based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal included in the second measurement result; and determine, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information. Alternatively, the second measurement result includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a second target test signal with highest signal quality in the at least one second test signal. When selecting the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result, the processor 1802 is specifically configured to: determine the second target test signal indicated by the second indication information; and determine, from the at least one piece of candidate channel information, candidate channel information corresponding to the second target test signal as the channel information.

In an implementation, the target electromagnetic wave signal meets the following formula:

$w_{n} = e^{j \overline{φ_{n}}} A_{n}^{β} \sqrt{\frac{2 P}{\sum_{n = 1}^{N} A_{n}^{2 β}}}$

In an implementation, the processor 1802 is further configured to: before obtaining the channel information of the transmission channel and the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal, receive, by using the transceiver antenna 1801, charging request information sent by the to-be-charged device through the transmission channel.

Based on the same technical concept, this application further provides a to-be-charged device 1900. FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the to-be-charged device 1900 according to an embodiment of this application. The to-be-charged device 1900 may be the to-be-charged device in the wireless charging system shown in FIG. 1, and may implement functions of the to-be-charged device in the wireless charging methods shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 13, FIG. 15, and FIG. 17. Referring to FIG. 19, the to-be-charged device 1900 includes a transceiver antenna 1901 and a processor 1902. Further, optionally, the to-be-charged device 1900 may include a memory 1903. The transceiver antenna 1901, the processor 1902, and the memory 1903 are connected to each other. It should be noted that the to-be-charged device 1900 may include at least one processor 1902 and at least one memory 1903. An example in which the to-be-charged device 1900 includes one processor 1902 and one memory 1903 is shown in FIG. 19.

The transceiver antenna 1901 is configured to receive and send a signal to communicate and interact with another device. For example, the transceiver antenna 1901 may be a transceiver antenna array including at least one transceiver antenna.

The memory 1903 is configured to store instructions, and the processor 1902 is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 1903. The memory 1903 stores program code, and the processor 1902 may invoke the program code stored in the memory 1903 to perform the wireless charging method provided in the embodiments of this application.

The processor 1902 is configured to: receive, through a transmission channel by using a transceiver antenna 1901, a target electromagnetic wave signal sent by a wireless charging apparatus, where the target electromagnetic wave signal is generated by the wireless charging apparatus based on obtained channel information of the transmission channel and an obtained waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal; and convert the target electromagnetic wave signal into a direct current signal, and perform charging based on the direct current signal.

In an implementation, the processor 1902 is further configured to: receive, by using the transceiver antenna 1901, at least one first test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel, where the at least one first test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one candidate waveform parameter, and any first test signal is generated based on a corresponding candidate waveform parameter; measure signal quality of the at least one first test signal; generate a first measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one first test signal; and send the first measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1901, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the waveform parameter from the at least one candidate waveform parameter based on the first measurement result.

In an implementation, the processor 1902 is further configured to: receive, by using the transceiver antenna 1901, a beacon signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel; perform channel measurement based on the beacon signal to obtain the channel information; and send the channel information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1901.

In an implementation, the processor 1902 is further configured to send a beacon signal to the wireless charging apparatus by using the transceiver antenna 1901, where the beacon signal is used by the wireless charging apparatus to perform channel measurement.

In an implementation, the processor 1902 is further configured to: receive, by using the transceiver antenna 1901, at least one second test signal sent by the wireless charging apparatus, where the at least one second test signal is in a one-to-one correspondence with at least one piece of candidate channel information, and any second test signal is generated based on corresponding candidate channel information; measure signal quality of each of the at least one second test signal; generate a second measurement result based on the signal quality of the at least one second test signal; and send the second measurement result to the wireless charging apparatus by using the transceiver antenna 1901, so that the wireless charging apparatus selects the channel information from the at least one piece of candidate channel information based on the second measurement result.

In an implementation, the processor 1902 is further configured to: determine that current power is greater than or equal to power required for sending charging request information; and send the charging request information to the wireless charging apparatus through the transmission channel by using the transceiver antenna 1901.

It can be understood that the memories in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 in this application each may be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or each may include both the volatile memory and the nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), used as an external cache. Through example but not limitative descriptions, many forms of RAMs may be used, for example, a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synchlink dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct rambus random access memory (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory in the systems and methods described in this specification includes but is not limited to these and any memory of another proper type.

In the wireless charging system provided in the embodiments of this application, the wireless charging apparatus can determine, in a charging period, the channel information that includes the signal attenuation and the transmission delay that are of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted through the transmission channel, and the waveform parameter used to indicate a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal; and can further determine the target electromagnetic wave signal based on the channel information and the waveform parameter, so that the determined target electromagnetic wave signal can adapt to channel transmission, thereby improving power conversion efficiency of wireless charging. Compared with a conventional technology, the method does not rely on known channel information and structure information of a hardware design of a to-be-charged device, and it is only required to determine the channel information and the waveform parameter in a charging period in real time, thereby improving practicability of the wireless charging method.

For example, the wireless charging method provided in the embodiments of this application is used to charge to-be-charged devices having different rectifier structures. FIG. 20a is a schematic diagram of a structure of a first to-be-charged device and a diagram of direct-current receive power corresponding to different specified waveform parameters when the to-be-charged device is wirelessly charged. It can be learned from FIG. 20a that, it is determined that a waveform parameter corresponding to the first to-be-charged device is β=∞, and direct-current receive power of a target electromagnetic wave signal determined by using the waveform parameter can be increased by more than 200%. FIG. 20b is a schematic diagram of a second to-be-charged device and a diagram of direct-current receive power corresponding to different candidate waveform parameters when the to-be-charged device is wirelessly charged. It can be learned from FIG. 20b that, it is determined that a waveform parameter corresponding to the second to-be-charged device is β=5, and direct-current receive power of a target electromagnetic wave signal determined by using the waveform parameter can also be increased by more than 200%. It can be learned from the foregoing effects that the wireless charging method provided in the embodiments of this application is applicable to determining of corresponding target electromagnetic wave signals for various to-be-charged devices, and wireless charging on the to-be-charged devices. An optimal waveform of a target electromagnetic wave signal used when a to-be-charged device is wirelessly charged can be determined without learning a hardware design structure of the to-be-charged device in advance, thereby effectively improving power conversion efficiency of wireless charging.

Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.

WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM AND APPARATUS, AND TO-BE-CHARGED DEVICE

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