Patent Grant
11133698
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to wireless charging systems.
Wireless charging has been widely used in commercial applications such as for charging smart-phones, smart-watches, wireless earbuds, etc. Typical wireless charging mechanisms include inductive coupled based wireless charging mechanisms and resonant coupled based wireless charging mechanisms. Inductive coupling-based wireless charging mechanisms use the magnetic field to transfer energy from a transmitter coil of a charger to a receiver coil of an electrical device. Resonant coupling-based wireless charging mechanisms use electromagnetic field to transfer energy from the transmitter coil of the charger to the receiver coil of the electrical device. However, in order to delivery enough power from the transmitter coil to receiver coil, the transmitter coil and the receiver coil must be very large or very close to each other, to ensure high coupling coefficient (e.g., at a millimeter lever, such as less than 6 millimeters for inductive coupled based wireless charging). Also, in current charging mechanisms, in order to realize wireless charging, the transmitting device and the receiving device must follow the same wireless charging protocol (e.g., wireless power consortium (WPC QI), power matters alliance (PMA) and Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP)). The short charging distance and the charging protocol restriction greatly limited the application of wireless charging.
Embodiments of the disclosure address the above problems by an improved wireless charging system that can work at a larger charging distance and is compatible for different types of wireless charging protocols because of its high coupling coefficient.
Embodiments of wireless charging systems and methods for wirelessly charging electrical loads are disclosed herein.
In one example, a magnetic field transfer circuit (MFCT) includes a first coil and a second coil. The first coil is configured to receive a first magnetic flux transmitted from a transmitter and convert the received magnetic flux to a current. The second coil is configured to transmit a second magnetic flux to a receiver based on the current.
In another example, a method for wireless charging is disclosed. The method includes receiving a first magnetic flux transmitted from a transmitter using a first coil and converting the received magnetic flux to a current. The method further includes transmitting a second magnetic flux to a receiver based on the current using a second coil.
In still another example, a wireless charging system includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first magnetic flux and a magnetic field transfer circuit (MFTC). The MFTC is configured to receive the first magnetic flux from the transmitter using a first coil and convert the received first magnetic flux into a current. The MFTC is further configured to transmit a second magnetic flux to a receiver using a second coil, wherein control information is transferred between the transmitter and the receiver using the MFTC base on the in-band communication between transmitter and first coil in MFTC and the in-band communication between receiver and second coil in MFTC.
This Summary is provided merely for purposes of illustrating some embodiments to provide an understanding of the subject matter described herein. Accordingly, the above-described features are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the subject matter in this disclosure. Other features, aspects, and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following Detailed Description, Figures, and Claims.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate the presented disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the disclosure and enable a person of skill in the relevant art(s) to make and use the disclosure.
The presented disclosure is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, generally, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, generally, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears.
Although specific configurations and arrangements are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustrative purposes only. It is contemplated that other configurations and arrangements can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. It is further contemplated that the present disclosure can also be employed in a variety of other applications.
It is noted that references in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an example embodiment,” “some embodiments,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is contemplated that such feature, structure or characteristic may also be used in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, the term “one or more” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a,” “an,” or “the,” again, may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
Wireless charging technologies remove wires as a physical link between the transmitter device and the receiver device while transmitting electrical energy. While using a wire to transmit electrical energy (e.g., charging an electrical load) is inconvenient or sometimes even hazardous, eliminating the wires can increase the mobility, convenience, and safety of electrical energy transmission. Wireless charging technologies include inductive coupled wireless charging mechanisms where electrical energy is transferred between a transmitter and a receiver based on magnetic field and resonant coupled wireless charging mechanisms where electrical energy is transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver based on the electromagnetic field.
Inductive coupled wireless charging mechanisms are widely used in commercial applications such as for charging smart-phones, smart-watches, wireless earbuds, etc. In a typical inductive charging system, a transmitter (e.g., a first induction device) uses a first induction coil to create an alternating magnetic field within a charging base, and a receiver (e.g., a second induction device) uses a second induction coil in the device to take electrical energy/power from the magnetic field and converts it back into electric current to charge the battery of the device and/or run the device directly. The efficiency of electrical power transmission is measured by the coupling coefficient of the system. Normally, within a certain range, the higher the coupling coefficient the wireless charging system has, the better the wireless charging system performs. As the coupling coefficient of the wireless charging system depends mostly on how well the receiver receives energy from the magnetic field created by the transmitter (e.g., how much magnetic flux in the magnetic field transmitted/emitted by the transmitter based on its induction coil passes through the induction coil of the receiver), the larger in size and the closer in distance, the higher the coupling coefficient the wireless charging system can achieve.
Moreover, control information such as the amount of electrical power needed to be delivered, the level of voltages to deliver the amount of electrical power, and transmission protocol related functions such as stop charging and foreign objective detection, and fast charging mode activation etc. are transmitted via in-band communication which requires certain level of the coupling coefficient of the wireless charging system. This normally can cause the charging distance between the transmitter and the receiver to be limited to a millimeter level (because the receiving coils on the receiver side normally are small due to practical reasons) and affect the convenience of using the wireless charging system.
As will be disclosed in detail below, among other novel features, wireless charging system including a magnetic field transfer circuit disclosed herein can achieve longer distance wireless charging with a higher coupling coefficient of the wireless charging system and improved compatibility of different wireless charging protocols as a result. In some basic embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmitter may transmit the electrical energy to the magnetic field transfer circuit based on a first magnetic field using a first coil of the magnetic field transfer circuit, and the magnetic field transfer circuit may transmit the received electrical power to the receiver based on a second magnetic field using a second coil of the magnetic field transfer circuit. Among other advantages which will be disclosed below, because the first coil of the magnetic field transfer circuit can be large in size and the second coil of the magnetic field transfer circuit can be placed close to the receiver coil of the receiver, or vice versa where the first coil of the magnetic field transfer circuit can close to the transmitter's coil of the transmitter, and the second coil of the magnetic field transfer circuit can be large in size, the charging distance for having the magnetic field transfer circuit in the wireless charging system can be greatly increased while maintaining certain level of coupling coefficient, even when the distance between transmitter and receiver is large.
Moreover, by electrically coupling passive components such as capacitors of different capacitances (e.g., electrically connecting/coupling capacitors of different capacitances to the magnetic field transfer circuit or electrically connecting/coupling different number of capacitors of the same capacitances based on different circuit designs such as in series, in parallels or in series-parallels), the applicable charging distance for the wireless charging system can be managed for the reason that at the same charging distance, the larger the capacitance of the magnetic field transfer circuit is, the lower the coupling coefficient of the wireless charging system is. This can greatly broaden the application of the wireless charging system by allowing users to manually or automatically adjust the applicable coupling coefficient to accommodate different wireless charging distance range. Moreover, the adjustment of coupling coefficient may also be embodied via design of the magnetic field transfer circuit. In some other embodiments, the magnetic field transfer circuit may simultaneously charge more than one receiver (e.g., electrical loads like smart phones, smart watches, earbuds, lamps, computers, monitors, TVs, cameras, power tools and other electrical devices). For example, besides the first coil for receiving the electrical energy from the transmitter, the magnetic field transfer circuit may include a second coil, a third coil, or even more coils for transmitting electrical power to different receivers. Similar to the charging one receiver scenario, by individually or collectively adjust the capacitance of the circuit connected to each of the charging coils (e.g., the coil facing the receiver) based on different circuit designs, the magnetic field transfer circuit may realize simultaneously charging different receivers at different charging distances. For example, besides using multiple coils to charge multiple receivers simultaneously, usage of coil selection circuit with multiple coil (e.g., a switch and a capacitor in series with each coil) may be used to enlarge the misalignment tolerance of receiver. This could further increase the convenience of using the wireless charging system disclosed herein.
Additional novel features will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following and the accompanying drawings or may be learned by production or operation of the examples. The novel features of the present disclosure may be realized and attained by practice or use of various aspects of the methodologies, instrumentalities, and combinations set forth in the detailed examples discussed below.
Magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may be configured to receive the electrical power from charging pad 102 and retransmit the received electrical power to electrical load 106. In some embodiments, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include among other things at least a first coil (e.g., a receiving coil) configured to take the power stored in the magnetic field created by charging pad 102, a second coil (e.g., a transmitting coil) configured to generate another changing/alternating magnetic field and a connecting circuit configured to electrically connect/couple the first and the second coil. In some embodiments, the first coil and the second coil may include a wire (e.g., a copper wire or a Litz wire) wound into a coil, a helix or a spiral shape that may generate a changing/alternating magnetic field when current flows through it. In some embodiments, the first and/or the second coil may include a ferrite core disposed at the center of the wire wound coil or helix, or a ferrite plate disposed on one side of the spiral wire. In some embodiments, the first coil which is configured to take the energy stored in the magnetic field and convert it into the current may have a similar structure as the second coil which is configured to reversely convert the electrical power received to the energy stored in another magnetic field. In some embodiments, the first and the second coil may be wound in a spiral shape and may include a ferrite plate. For example, each one of the first and the second coil may individually have a ferrite, or the first and the second coil may share a ferrite plate. For example, as illustrated in
In some embodiments, charging pad 102 and electrical load 106 may additionally include in-band modulation/demodulation (e.g., one or more processors configured to demodulate/extract instructions from control information and/or modulate/code instructions to generate control information) and may transmit to and/or receive from each other control information using an in-band communication based on modulation of a current or voltage of magnetic field transfer circuit 104. The in-band modulation/demodulation may include a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a system on chip (SoC) and/or other suitable devices or chips capable of processing the control information. For example, electrical load 106 may detect the delivered voltage, compares it to the target value, generate the control information based on the relationship between the delivered voltage level and the target voltage level, and send the control information to charging pad 102 (e.g., using an in-band modulation). Charging pad 102 may receive the control information and demodulate/extract the instructions encoded (e.g., using in-band demodulation) and then regulate the magnetic field strength and the receiver voltage level based on the instructions extracted. In some embodiments, the control information may also include other functions such as stop charging, foreign objective detection, fast charging mode activation, etc.
In some embodiments, the connecting circuit of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may also include one or more passive components such as inductors and/or capacitors electrically connected/coupled with the first and the second coil of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 in parallels, in series or in a combination of parallels and series to adjust the gain of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 and thus adjust the coupling coefficient of the wireless charging system (will be disclosed in detail below). For example, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may be adjusted to have lower capacitance when the coupling coefficient of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 is required to be high (e.g., when the charging distance is long).
In some other embodiments, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include switches to control the number of passive components electrically connected/coupled with the first coil and the second coil of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 (e.g., connected in series with the passive component to be controlled) to accommodate for different charging distances. For example, under certain charging distance magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may be electrically connect/couple with a capacitor of larger capacitance by turning on a switch connected in series with the capacitor of larger capacitance and cut off connections with capacitors of smaller capacitance by turning off the switches connected in series with those capacitors. Under another charging distance, the switch connected in series with the capacitor of smaller capacitance is turned on and the connections with capacitors of larger capacitance is cut off by turning off the switches connected in series with those capacitors. This switch control may be embodied manually or automatically, via magnetic field transfer circuit 104.
In some further embodiments, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include more than two coils (e.g., 3, 4, 5 or even more) for charging more than one electrical load 106 at the same time. Also, each of the charging coil (e.g., the coil facing the electrical loads) may be individually or collectively connected to passive components for individually or collectively adjusting the charging distances. It is known to a person skilled in the art that the number of the charging coils and the manner of connecting the passive components to the coils are not mean to be limited to the embodiments disclosed below.
In still another embodiment, in addition to having more than one auxiliary coil facing the receivers, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include auxiliary coil selection options as will be illustrated in
Electrical load 106 may be, but is not limited to, a handheld device (e.g., dumb or smart phone, tablet, etc.), a wearable device (e.g., eyeglasses, wrist watch, etc.), a radio, a music player, an electronic instrument, an automobile control station, a gaming console, a television set, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a netbook computer, a media center, a set-top box, a global positioning system (GPS), or any other suitable devices that consume electric power. Electrical load 106 may include among other things, a receiver coil, a battery and a receiver circuit configured to electrically connect the receiver coil and the battery. The receiver coil may have a similar structure as the transmitter coil that could reversely convert the energy stored in the magnetic field into the current.
Magnetic field transfer circuit 104 in this example may include a first coil 206, a second coil 208, and a connecting circuit (not shown). First and second coils 206 and 208 may have a similar structure as transmitter coil 204 such that energy can be transmitted through magnetic field or electromagnetic field. The connecting circuit in some embodiments may include passive components such as capacitor 210 and inductor 212 configured to adjust the coefficient of using the magnetic field transfer circuit 104. For example, capacitor 210 may include more than one capacitor electrically connected in series, in parallels, or in series-parallels, and inductor 212 may include more than one inductor electrically connected in series, in parallels, or in series-parallels as well. By designing the connecting circuit to adjust the number of the electrically connected passive components (e.g., capacitor 210 and/or inductor 212) between first coil 206 and second coil 208, the capacitance of connecting circuit can be adjusted (will be disclosed in detail below). Thus, the gain of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may be adjusted accordingly. For example, the larger the capacitance of the connecting circuit is, the smaller gain magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may have. By adjusting the gain of magnetic field transfer circuit 104, the coupling coefficient may be adjusted to protect the electric circuits of charging pad 102, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 and receiver 106.
Electrical load 106 in this example may include a receiver coil 214, a receiver circuit 216 and an electrical load (e.g., a battery or a component directly consumes electric energy). Receiver coil 214 may be configured to receive the power stored in the magnetic field generated by second coil 208 of magnetic field transfer circuit 104. For example, receiver coil 214 may include an insulated wire wound into a coil, a helix or spiral that may receive and convert the energy stored in a magnetic field into current flows through it.
The energy generated by an inductor can be calculated as:
E=½LI2 (1).
Because one of the coils may have significantly larger inductance than the other coil of magnetic field transfer circuit 104, for example, auxiliary coil 1 is of 100 millihenry and auxiliary coil 2 is of 10 millihenries, using a capacitor connected in series with the coil with significantly larger inductance as illustrated in
The applicable charging distance may be adjusted by connecting different capacitors to the two coils. For example, when charging for different distances, one or more capacitors may be switched into the circuit by turning on the corresponding switches, while the other switches may be turned off. By doing so, the gain of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may be changed and the power level delivered to the receiver may be maintained in a correct range.
In some embodiments, in addition to having more than one auxiliary coil facing the receivers, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may be designed to include auxiliary coil selection options as illustrated in
In S1104, the first coil of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may convert the received magnetic flux to a current. For example, the transmitter coil may generate magnetic current which causes a voltage on magnetic field transfer circuit 104. The voltage may cause a current passing through magnetic field transfer circuit 104. In some embodiments, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include a connecting circuit configured to transmit the current caused by the magnetic current to a second coil of magnetic field transfer circuit 104.
In S1106, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may transmit a second magnetic flux to a receiver (e.g., electrical load 106) using the second coil. For example, the second coil may generate and store energy in a second magnetic field when a current passing through it. A second magnetic flux corresponding to the second magnetic field would transmit electrical power to the receiver when received by a receiver coil of the receiver. In some embodiments, the receiver coil may be electrically connected to a battery to charge the battery or an electrical load to provide electric power directly.
In some embodiments, the connecting circuit of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include one or more passive components such as inductors and/or capacitors for further adjusting the gain of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 and thus for adjusting the coefficient of the wireless charging system. For example, the gain of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may be adjusted to be low when the coefficient of magnetic field transfer circuit 104 is required to be high (e.g., when the charging distance is long).
In some other embodiments, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include switches for controlling the number of passive components connected and the way of connection (e.g., in parallels, in series or in a combination of parallels and series) when to accommodate for different charging distances (e.g., controlling the applicable charging distance of the wireless charging system). For example, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may connect with a capacitor of larger capacitance by turning on a switch connected in series with a capacitor of larger capacitance and cut off the connection to a capacitor of smaller capacitance by turning off the switch connected in series with that capacitor.
In some further embodiments, magnetic field transfer circuit 104 may include more than two coils (e.g., 3, 4, 5 or even more) for charging more than one electrical load at the same time. Also, each of the charging coil (e.g., the coil facing the electrical loads) may be individually or in all connected to passive components to individually or collectively adjust the charging distances. It is known to a person skilled in the art that the number of the charging coils and the manner of connecting the passive components to the coils are not mean to be limited to the embodiments disclosed herein.
In some embodiments, the transmitter may transmit to and/or receive from magnetic field transfer circuit 104 and/or the receiver control information via in-band communication passing through magnetic field transfer circuit 104. For example, the receiver may detect the delivered power/voltage, compares it to the target value, generate the control information based on the relationship between delivered power and target power, and send the control information via the receiver coil (e.g., using in-band modulation). Then the second coil of magnetic field transfer circuit facing the receiver, receives the control information and reflects the information on the first coil of magnetic field transfer circuit through the connecting circuit. Because the first coil is facing the transmitter, the transmitter may receive the control information and extract the instructions included (e.g., using in-band demodulation) and regulate the delivered power level based on the instructions extracted. In some embodiments, the control information may also include other functions such as stop charging, foreign objective detection, fast charging mode activation, etc.
By using the magnetic field transfer circuit disclosed herein, the coupling coefficient of the wireless charging for a longer distance (e.g., longer than several centimeters) may be improved. Thus, different kinds of in-band communications may be realized in the same wireless charging system because of the improved coupling coefficient, which makes the compatibility of wireless charging protocols possible within wide range of distance. Also, by adjusting the number of passive components connected to the magnetic field transfer circuit, the wireless charging system disclosed herein can further control the gain of the system and thus accommodate for different wireless charging distances.
It is to be appreciated that the Detailed Description section, and not the Summary and Abstract sections, is intended to be used to interpret the claims. The Summary and Abstract sections may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure as contemplated by the inventor(s), and thus, are not intended to limit the present disclosure or the appended claims in any way.
While the present disclosure has been described herein with reference to exemplary embodiments for exemplary fields and applications, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Other embodiments and modifications thereto are possible, and are within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. For example, and without limiting the generality of this paragraph, embodiments are not limited to the software, hardware, firmware, and/or entities illustrated in the figures and/or described herein. Further, embodiments (whether or not explicitly described herein) have significant utility to fields and applications beyond the examples described herein.
Embodiments have been described herein with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined as long as the specified functions and relationships (or equivalents thereof) are appropriately performed. Also, alternative embodiments may perform functional blocks, steps, operations, methods, etc. using orderings different than those described herein.
The breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5450616 | Rom | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5767791 | Stoop et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5774791 | Strohallen et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 6029061 | Kohlschmidt | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6573826 | Pan | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6771614 | Jones, IV et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6778556 | Chin et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6894609 | Menard et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6985755 | Cadieux et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 7006851 | Holmes et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7092398 | Schweitzer | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7133373 | Hester | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7142813 | Desai | Nov 2006 | B1 |
| 7289518 | Huckins | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7289887 | Rodgers | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7310535 | MacKenzie et al. | Dec 2007 | B1 |
| 7424403 | Robinson et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7451019 | Rodgers | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7477899 | Vasudevan | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7477911 | Praveen et al. | Jan 2009 | B1 |
| 7508781 | Liu et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7613139 | Wang et al. | Nov 2009 | B1 |
| 7809087 | Filipovic | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7900070 | Wu et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7974250 | Jang et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7983230 | Li et al. | Jul 2011 | B1 |
| 7986968 | Dobrowski et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 8149969 | Khan et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8193764 | Jakubowski | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8213403 | Shon et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8259632 | Seok et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8364338 | Peltonen et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8433820 | Wang et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8437275 | Banerjee et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8463314 | Love et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8493906 | Troxel et al. | Jul 2013 | B1 |
| 8538560 | Brown et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8571600 | Sarkar et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8571609 | Hwang et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8611266 | Cho et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8630215 | Park et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8645732 | Naware et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8693950 | Desai | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8718029 | Wong et al. | May 2014 | B1 |
| 8724662 | Toner et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8767600 | Seok et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8769257 | Sood | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8797944 | Choi et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8901881 | Partovi | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8923176 | Kert et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8934386 | Iyer et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8953547 | Huang et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 9014682 | Lambert | Apr 2015 | B1 |
| 9014699 | Desclos et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9014744 | Chu et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9014751 | Choi et al. | Apr 2015 | B1 |
| 9030160 | Won et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9055533 | Raskin et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9055543 | Perrin et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9106083 | Partovi | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9118188 | Doyle et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9119185 | Huang et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9131001 | Cherian | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9178569 | Chakravarty. et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9197094 | Van Wiemeersch et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9318898 | John | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9319855 | Eaton | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9343226 | Esnard-Domerego et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9347796 | Rapadas | May 2016 | B1 |
| 9362986 | Karaoguz et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9392545 | Preiszler et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9414317 | Shanmugasundaram et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9419444 | Eaton | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9490653 | Shevde et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9497612 | Linde | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9521619 | Balasubramanian et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9543779 | Won et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9559544 | Jakubowski | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9559547 | Muurinen et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9591582 | Rabii et al. | Mar 2017 | B1 |
| 9596584 | Hyde et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9668229 | Yi et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9680337 | Sankar | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9686757 | Lee et al. | Jun 2017 | B1 |
| 9722771 | Banowetz et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9736777 | Spero et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9787364 | Moore et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9813887 | Hyde et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9843917 | Hyde et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9882427 | Leabman et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9887037 | Lee et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9913081 | Thanayankizil et al. | Mar 2018 | B1 |
| 9923408 | Lee et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9923603 | Won et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9924474 | Yang et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9953174 | Niessen | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9955420 | Banerjea | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9973030 | Wang | May 2018 | B2 |
| 10004036 | Caracas et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10015744 | Cherniavsky et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10038339 | Sankar | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10104706 | John et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10186893 | Bell et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10211685 | Bell et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10211686 | Zeine et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10224736 | Schoene et al. | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 10224982 | Leabman et al. | Mar 2019 | B1 |
| 10264527 | Salomone et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10318012 | Tangen et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 20020061744 | Hamalainen et al. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020183008 | Menard et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20040043797 | Shostak | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20050085264 | Matsumura | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050281320 | Neugebauer | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060078001 | Chandra et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20070036154 | Lipman | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070054622 | Berkman | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070279228 | Morris et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080064449 | Huang et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20090161581 | Kim | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20100153760 | Gupta et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100268971 | Poo et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100290380 | Tsai et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100302979 | Reunamaki | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20120155347 | Husted et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120163261 | Vedanthanm et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120300245 | Chatierjee et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20130147605 | Chang et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130285603 | Zeinstra et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20140141736 | Kanno et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140159646 | Sankar et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140357309 | Leabman et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150055527 | Burhan et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150123606 | Tew | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20160037486 | Wentzloff et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160087485 | Maeda et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160089989 | Park | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160182432 | De et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160241045 | Leabman | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160329751 | Mach et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160347193 | Caldwell et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170018949 | Pudipeddi et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170077754 | Jeong et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170134182 | Davis et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170155270 | Wang | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170251431 | Croteau et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170264141 | Von Novak, III | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170294810 | Meng et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20180020410 | Park | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180034506 | Moore et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180048189 | Park | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180115947 | Kim et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180176865 | Kim et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180184435 | Cariou et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180219432 | Podkamien et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180248411 | Sagi et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180270753 | Recker et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180287668 | Pifferi | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20180317173 | Kim et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180338293 | Pisharody et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180351369 | Lee et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20180375025 | Bogdanovich | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20190058360 | Garbus et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190074867 | Park et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190119978 | Hall et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20200044491 | Qiu | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200227950 | Lim | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20210066950 A1 | Mar 2021 | US |
