Patent Application
20070001843
The present invention relates to a wireless communication device having an antenna that is directly interconnected to a controller so that the controller has physical communication access to the wireless communication device. Further, the present invention relates to a wireless communication device connected to an antenna of a separate communication system wherein the wireless communication device and the separate communication system share a common antenna for receiving and/or transmitting information.
Wireless communication devices, such as transponders, are commonly used to wirelessly communicate information about goods. For example, transponders may be attached to goods during their manufacture, transport and/or distribution to provide information, such as the good's identification number, expiration date, date of manufacture or “born on” date, lot number, and the like. The transponder may also be configured to receive and store security information concerning valuable goods, such as a portable computer. The transponder allows this information to be obtained unobtrusively using wireless communication with an interrogation reader without slowing down the manufacturing, transportation, and/or distribution process.
It may be desirable to provide a transponder or other wireless communication device that is also accessible for communications by a separate controller or other communication system using a direct interconnection. The controller may desire to retrieve information stored previously by an interrogation reader in the memory of the wireless communication device without having to employ wireless communication with the wireless communication device. The controller may also desire to use the wireless communication device as a “mailbox,” or memory storage-area. The information stored by the controller in the wireless communication device's memory can be later retrieved by the controller and/or an interrogation reader. In this manner, the controller has effective use of the wireless communication device as a separate memory storage area that can also be wirelessly accessed by a wireless communication system. There may be any number of applications where this functionality is advantageous.
A problem exists when coupling the wireless communication device to the controller to provide the “mailbox.” Since a wireless communication device is usually provided in the form of an encapsulated integrated circuit (IC) chip, the only accessible interface to the wireless communication device is through the interface pins on the chip. Wireless communication devices typically do not contain an input or output port interface that allows communication through direct interfacing. Therefore, a need exists to find a method of directly interfacing a wireless communication device to a controller by other means, even if the wireless communication device was not intended to provide this functionality.
Further, some electronic objects or other controllers have their own wireless communication systems having an antenna separate from any wireless communication device that may be included with the controller. For example, consider a portable computer that has a Bluetooth transceiver. The Bluetooth transceiver is coupled to an antenna that is used by the portable computer for short-range wireless communication. However, the portable computer must be powered in order to provide power to the Bluetooth unit for wireless communication since Bluetooth transceivers are not passive devices, meaning that they require a power source to operate. It may be advantageous to provide a wireless communication device, such as a transponder, on the portable computer so that the portable computer may wirelessly communicate information without being powered. However, a cost effective method must be provided for doing so.
It may be desirable to store the identification of the portable computer in memory so that such information can be used during manufacturing and/or distribution for tracking. However, it may be necessary to communicate the identification information wirelessly even when the portable computer is not powered on. A wireless communication device coupled to the portable computer may be used to allow wireless communication of information concerning the portable computer even when the portable computer is not powered, since the wireless communication device can receive power from an incoming signal to provide power for communication.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide techniques for interfacing an external controller or other device directly to a wireless communication device without interfacing with an input port on the wireless communication device, something most wireless communication devices do not provide. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a cost effective manner to provide a wireless communication device on objects already having a separate communications system, so that information concerning the object can still be wirelessly communicated even if the object and separate wireless communication system are not powered and therefore not operational.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the present invention and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in association with the accompanying drawing figures.
The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The present invention relates to a wireless communication device that is interfaced directly to a separate device or controller to provide wired communication access from the controller to the wireless communication device.
The present application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/331,963, entitled “Wireless Communication Device Interconnectivity,” which was filed on Nov. 21, 2001. U.S. provisional application No. 60/331,963 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The wireless communication device has an antenna for wireless communications, which is interconnected directly to the controller. In this way, the controller does not connect to an input interface or the internal components of the wireless communication device, and can emit a signal onto the antenna of the wireless communication device that simulates a wireless communication signal emitted by an interrogation reader. The wireless communication device will detect the incoming signal from the controller as if the signal was communicated wirelessly from an interrogation reader. The wireless communication device will respond as normal and as designed, thereby allowing the controller to interface directly with the wireless communication device for any purpose desired.
The present invention also relates to a wireless communication device that is attached or included in an electronic object, such as a portable computer, having its own separate communication system. The separate communication system has an antenna for receiving and transmitting wireless communications, and is powered by a power supply included in the object. Since the separate communication system can only communicate when powered, a separate passive wireless communication device is provided for wireless communication that does not require power from the power supply to communicate. The wireless communication device is interfaced with the existing antenna of the separate communication system so that the wireless communication device and separate communication system share a common antenna to reduce cost. The antenna may also be interconnected to a controller associated with the object so that the controller can directly communicate to the wireless communication device, as described above.
Before discussing the particular aspects, details, and applications of the interconnectivity of the wireless communication device according to the present invention as illustrated in
The control system 12 may be any type of circuitry or processor that receives and processes information received by the communication electronics 14, including a micro-controller or microprocessor. The wireless communication device 10 may also contain a memory 16 for storage of information. Such information may be any type of information about goods, objects, or articles of manufacture, including but not limited to identification, tracking, environmental information, such as pressure and temperature, and other pertinent information. The memory 16 may be electronic memory, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, or other type of non-volatile memory (NVM), or a diode, for example. The memory 16 may also be mechanical memory, such as a switch or dipswitch, for example.
Some wireless communication devices 10 are termed “active” devices in that they receive and transmit data using their own energy source coupled to the wireless communication device 10. A wireless communication device 10 may use a battery for power as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,130,602 entitled “Radio frequency data communications device,” or may use other forms of energy, such as a capacitor as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,833,603, entitled “Implantable biosensing transponder.” Both of the preceding patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Other wireless communication devices 10 are termed “passive” devices meaning that they do not actively transmit and therefore may not include their own energy source for power. One type of passive wireless communication device 10 is known as a “transponder.” A transponder effectively transmits information by reflecting back a received signal from an external communication device, such as an interrogation reader. An example of a transponder is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,347,280, entitled “Frequency diversity transponder arrangement,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Another example of a transponder is described in co-pending patent application Ser. No. 09/678,271, entitled “Wireless communication device and method,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The interrogation reader 20 communicates With the wireless communication device 10 by emitting an electronic signal 32 modulated by the interrogation communication electronics 24 through the interrogation antenna 28. The interrogation antenna 28 may be any type of antenna that can radiate a signal 32 through a field 34 so that a reception device, such as the wireless communication device 10, can receive the signal 32 through its own antenna 17. The field 34 may be electromagnetic, magnetic, or electric. The signal 32 may be a message containing information and/or a specific request for information from or task performance by the wireless communication device 10.
When the antenna 17 is in the presence of the field 34 emitted by the interrogation reader 20, the communication electronics 14 is energized by the energy in the signal 32, thereby energizing the wireless communication device 10. The wireless communication device 10 remains energized so long as its antenna 17 is in the field 34 of the interrogation reader 20. The incoming signal 32 is also amplitude modulated to carry information in the form of data to the wireless communication device 10. Data is communicated back from the wireless communication device 10 to the interrogation reader 20 by modifying the wireless communication device's input characteristics. The change in the wireless communication device's input characteristics, which may be achieved by shorting some form of a transistor (not shown) across the input of the wireless communication device 10, causes the incoming signal 32 to be reflectively modulated with response information and re-emitted to the interrogation reader 20. This technique of a wireless communication device 10 reflectively communicating a response back to an interrogation reader 20 is well known in the art.
It is readily understood to one of ordinary skill in the art that there are many other types of wireless communications devices and communication techniques than those described herein, and the present invention is not limited to a particular type of wireless communication device 10, technique or method.
In the embodiment illustrated in
In this configuration, the controller 40 is capable of communicating to the wireless communication device 10 just as an interrogation reader 20 would communicate to the wireless communication device 10. The controller 40 may also desire to store data to and/or retrieve data from the memory 16 of the wireless communication device 10. This is especially useful if the wireless communication device 10 is attached to an object wherein the wireless communication device 10 contains information about the object, such as identification information. The controller 40 may receive such information through the antenna 17 of the wireless communication device 10. For example, it may be desirable for the controller 40 and an interrogation reader 20 to exchange information, but the controller 40 may not include its own wireless communication system to communicate to the interrogation reader 20.
In the present invention, the interrogation reader 20 and controller 40 are capable of exchanging information via the wireless communication device 10. Since wireless communication device 10 and antenna 17 configurations are low cost and easy to manufacture, they are easily interconnected to a controller 40 or other devices to provide data exchange with an interrogation reader 20 is done in accordance with the present invention. Further, wireless communication devices 10 do not typically include input ports, thereby making it impossible, notwithstanding the present invention, to directly interface a controller 40 to the wireless communication device 10 for wired communications.
In the embodiment illustrated in
The wireless communication device 10 operates as designed and as normal when receiving wireless communications via a signal 32 through the antenna 17, as previously described and illustrated in
When the microprocessor 40A is powered down or is not emitting an output communications signal 44 to the antenna 17, the switchable I/O port 52 is configured as an input device. The microprocessor 40A controls the output 55 of a pull-up output device 56 and the output 57 of a second output device 58 in the I/O device 50 using a first output signal 59 that drives the second output device 58 and the pull-up output device 56 into a tri-state mode. The pull-up output device 56 drives a pull-up resistor 60 so that the microprocessor 40A does not load the rectified signal 32 from the wireless communication device 10 or otherwise interfere with normal operation of the wireless communication device 10.
When the microprocessor 40A is communicating to the wireless communication device 10, the switchable I/O port 52 is configured as an output. The microprocessor 40A outputs a signal 44 through a second output port 61 and the second output device 58 that is equivalent to the rectified output of the wireless communication device's rectifier when the wireless communication device 10 is illuminated with an amplitude modulated signal. The pull-up output device 56 is left in tri-state mode. This provides power to the wireless communication device 10 and allows the signal 44 to be sent to the wireless communication device 10. The microprocessor 40A then prepares to receive data from the wireless communication device 10 by making the pull-up output device 56 an output and setting it high, thereby making the switchable I/O port 52 an input. When the wireless communication device 10 modulates its input impedance by switching its input transistor (not shown) on and off, this modulation also pulls the input port 62 of the microprocessor 40A up and down, using the pull-up resistor 60 as a load.
A typical LF wireless communication device 10 has an antenna 17 that is an inductive coil of wire 70, resonated with a capacitor 71 in parallel with the inputs 72 of the wireless communication device 10 to form an LC antenna 17. An LF wireless communication device 10 tends to clock its control system 12 and other internal logic from the incoming LF signal 32. Therefore, a controller 40 that is interconnected with an LF wireless communication device 10 needs to assert a signal 44 onto the antenna 17 of the LF wireless communication device 10 that uses exactly the same protocol and frequency as a signal received from an interrogation reader 20. This is in contrast to the UHF wireless communication device 10 that would typically require the controller 40 to assert a signal 44 that is equivalent to the rectified signal 32.
The circuit that is used to interconnect the controller 40 to the wireless communication device 10 illustrated in
One novel application of the present invention, as shown in
This security application is illustrated in the flowchart in
Later, when the portable computer 90 is passed through a portal at the exit of the secure facility, the token stored in the wireless communication device 10 is interrogated by the interrogation reader 20 located at the portal (block 104). The interrogation reader 20 determines if the token is valid (decision 106). The interrogation reader 20 is also connected to the network 92 so that the interrogation reader 20 is capable of receiving the same token as stored by portable computer 90 in the wireless communication device 10 for comparison and validation purposes.
If the token is valid (decision 106), the portable computer 90 is allowed to be taken from the secure facility since the host computer system 94 is aware that the user previously obtained authorized permission to remove the portable computer 90 from the secure facility (block 108). The token may either be removed from the wireless communication device 10 by the interrogation reader 20 or recorded by the interrogation reader 20 as not being reusable in the future, so that the user must again obtain permission to remove the portable computer 90 the next time the portable computer 90 is transported (block 110). If the token is not valid (decision 106), the interrogation reader 20 can take any measures desired or designed, such sending a response signal and/or controlling a visual or audible alarm or message, to indicate that the portable computer 90 is not authorized to be removed from the secure facility (block 112).
The wireless communication device 10 is coupled to a matching network 120, which is in turn connected to the antenna 122 of a separate communication system 124. The separate communication system 124 may be a cellular or mobile phone 124A that is designed to communicate at 920 MHz, for example. The matching network 120 is provided to match the operating frequency of the wireless communication device 10 to the operating frequency of the antenna 122 and separate communication system 124. The matching network 120 can prevent a transmission from the separate communication system 124 from overloading the wireless communication device 10. The matching network 120 may also prevent the wireless communication device's non-linear components to cause radiation of unwanted harmonics.
For example, the wireless communication device 10 may be designed to be interrogated by an interrogation reader 20 at one band, say 869 MHz, and the cellular phone 124A may be designed to operate at a higher frequency, say 920 MHz. The matching network 120 may provide isolation between the cellular phone transmission to the antenna 122 and the wireless communication device 10. At 920 MHz, the cellular phone 124A is matched to its antenna 122, and the matching network 120 transforms the impedance of the wireless communication device 10 to a very high impedance so that its connection to the antenna 122 does not affect the electrical connection between the cellular phone 124A and the antenna 122. At 869 MHz, the matching network 120 transforms the wireless communication device 10 to an impedance that matches to the impedance of the antenna 122 ensuring efficient power transfer between the antenna 122 and the wireless communication device 10 for efficient operation. More information on impedance matching between a wireless communication device 10 and an antenna 122 is disclosed in pending patent application Ser. No. 09/678,271, entitled “Wireless communication device and method,” incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
When no radio-frequency power is present at the antenna 122 and the input 136 of the wireless communication device 10 is 0 Volts, the FET 134 has its gate and source at the same voltage, and presents a low resistance to the antenna 122. When the RF transceiver 124B transmits a signal, power is coupled into the wireless communication device 10 causing the voltage at the input 136 to rise, but also simultaneously reversing the bias at the gate of the FET 134 and reducing the coupling. Ideally, the attenuation provided by the FET 134 allows the voltage at the input 136 to rise to a point consistent with proper operation of the wireless communication device 10, but no higher, thereby limiting the voltage at the input 136.
Note that the switching of the wireless communication device 10 to the common connection point 142 may be accomplished by other types of switches that may be automatic, controlled by sensing power from the WLAN module 140, or controlled by the portable computer 90. This embodiment may also be coupled with a data connection between the WLAN module 140 and the antenna 122, like that described previously and in
The reporting system 150 may also communicate information received from the wireless communication device 10, via the interrogation reader 20, to a remote system 152 and/or the interrogation reader 20. The communication between the reporting system 150 and the remote system 152 may be through wired communication, wireless communication, modem communication or other networking communication, such as the Internet. Alternatively, the interrogation reader 20 may communicate the information received from the wireless communication device 10 directly to the remote system 152 rather than first reporting the information through the reporting system 150 using the same or similar communication mediums as may be used between the reporting system 150 and the remote system 152.
The embodiments set forth above represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and illustrate the best mode of practicing the invention. Upon reading the preceding description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the invention and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to. applications disclosed in the patent application. It should also be understood that the present invention is not limited to any particular type of component, including but not limited to the wireless communication device 10 and its components, the interrogation reader 20 and its components, the controller 40, a portable CPU 90, a host computer 94, the matching network 120, the separate communication system 124, including a mobile or cellular phone 124A or RF transceiver 124B, reporting system 150, and remote system 152. The present invention can be used with any object including toys, calculators, watches, automobiles and their components, tires, etc. For the purposes of this application, couple, coupled, or coupling is defined as either a direct connection or a reactive coupling. Reactive coupling is defined as either capacitive or inductive coupling.
Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein.
The present application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/331,963, entitled “Wireless Communication Device Interconnectivity,” which was filed on Nov. 21, 2001.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60331963 | Nov 2001 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10301483 | Nov 2002 | US |
| Child | 11514753 | Aug 2006 | US |
