Field
The present disclosure relates generally to intelligent electronic devices (IEDs).
Description of the Related Art
Monitoring of electrical energy by consumers and providers of electric power is a fundamental function within any electric power distribution system. Electrical energy may be monitored for purposes of usage, equipment performance and power quality. Electrical parameters that may be monitored include volts, amps, watts, vars, power factor, harmonics, kilowatt hours, kilovar hours and any other power related measurement parameters. Typically, measurement of the voltage and current at a location within the electric power distribution system may be used to determine the electrical parameters for electrical energy flowing through that location.
Devices that perform monitoring of electrical energy may be electromechanical devices, such as, for example, a residential billing meter or may be an intelligent electronic device (“TED”). Intelligent electronic devices typically include some form of a processor. In general, the processor is capable of using the measured voltage and current to derive the measurement parameters. The processor operates based on a software configuration. A typical consumer or supplier of electrical energy may have many intelligent electronic devices installed and operating throughout their operations IEDs may be positioned along the supplier's distribution path or within a customer's internal distribution system. IEDs include revenue electric watt-hour meters, protection relays, programmable logic controllers, remote terminal units, fault recorders and other devices used to monitor and/or control electrical power distribution and consumption. IEDs are widely available that make use of memory and microprocessors to provide increased versatility and additional functionality. Such functionality includes the ability to communicate with remote computing systems, either via a direct connection, e.g., a modem, a wireless connection or a network IEDs also include legacy mechanical or electromechanical devices that have been retrofitted with appropriate hardware and/or software allowing integration with the power management system.
Typically, an IED is associated with a particular load or set of loads that are drawing electrical power from the power distribution system. The IED may also be capable of receiving data from or controlling its associated load. Depending on the type of IED and the type of load it may be associated with, the IED implements a power management function that is able to respond to a power management command and/or generate power management data. Power management functions include measuring power consumption, controlling power distribution such as a relay function, monitoring power quality, measuring power parameters such as phasor components, voltage or current, controlling power generation facilities, computing revenue, controlling electrical power flow and load shedding, or combinations thereof.
An intelligent electronic device (IED) is provided.
In one aspect, an intelligent electronic device is configured as a socket type meter also known as a S-base type meter or type S meter. The meter includes a main housing surrounded by a cover. The cover is preferably made of a clear material to expose a display disposed on a bezel of the housing. In this configuration, the IED or meter may be referred to as a meter or IED under glass. An interface to access the display and a communication port is also provided and accessible through the cover. The meter further includes a plurality of current terminals and voltage terminals disposed on the backside of the meter extending through a base. The terminals are designed to mate with matching jaws of a detachable meter-mounting device, such as a revenue meter socket. The socket is hard wired to the electrical circuit and is not meant to be removed. To install an S-base meter, the utility need only plug in the meter into the socket. Once installed, a socket-sealing ring is used as a seal between the meter housing and/or cover and the meter socket to prevent removal of the meter and to indicate tampering with the meter.
In certain embodiments, the IED of the present disclosure includes a wireless communication device and associated antenna disposed under the cover, i.e., wireless under glass, cellular under glass, WiFi™ under glass, etc.
In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, an intelligent electronic device for monitoring power usage of an electrical circuit is provided including a housing; at least one sensor coupled to the electric circuit, the at least one sensor measures at least one parameter of the electrical circuit and generates at least one analog signal indicative of the at least one parameter; at least one analog to digital converter coupled to the at least one sensor, the at least one analog to digital converter receives the at least one analog signal and converts the at least one analog signal to at least one digital signal; at least one processor that receives the at least one digital signal and calculates at least one power parameter of the electrical circuit; and a communication device that receives the calculated at least one power parameter and wirelessly transmits the calculated at least one power parameter to a remote computing device, the communication device including at least one antenna disposed external to the housing.
In one aspect, the at least one antenna includes a main antenna and a diversity antenna.
In another aspect, the main antenna is disposed at a first position on the housing and the diversity antenna is disposed at a second position on the housing, the second position opposite the first position.
In a further aspect, each of the main antenna and diversity antenna is disposed in a channel on an outer surface of the housing.
In yet another aspect, an antenna holder is provided and configured to be coupled to an outer surface of the housing, the antenna holder retains the at least one antenna to the housing.
In one aspect, the antenna holder further comprises a mounting plate and a cover to retain the at least one antenna there between.
In another aspect, the at least one antenna is disposed on a flexible substrate.
In a further aspect, the housing includes at least one louver that dissipates heat from inside the housing, and the IED further includes an antenna holder that retains the at least one antenna, the antenna holder configured to be coupled to the at least one louver.
In another aspect, the housing is selected from the group consisting of a panel meter type housing, a switchboard type meter housing and a A-base type meter housing.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, a socket based revenue meter includes a generally cylindrical housing; a base coupled to the housing including at least one terminal mateable with matching jaws of a detachable meter mounting device for connecting the meter to a power line of a power distribution system; a generally cylindrical cover having an open end and a closed end, the cover being disposed over the housing and the open end being mateable with the base; at least one sensor disposed in the housing and coupled to at least one terminal, the at least one sensor measures at least one parameter of the power line and generates at least one analog signal indicative of the at least one parameter; at least one analog to digital converter disposed in the housing and coupled to the at least one sensor, the at least one analog to digital converted receives the at least one analog signal and converts the at least one analog signal to at least one digital signal; at least one processor disposed in the housing, the at least one processor receives the at least one digital signal and calculates at least one power parameter in the electrical circuit; and a communication device disposed in the housing that receives the calculated at least one power parameter and wirelessly transmits the calculated at least one power parameter to a remote computing device, the communication device including at least one antenna disposed between the housing and the cover.
In another aspect, a main antenna is disposed at a first position on the housing and a diversity antenna is disposed at a second position on the housing, the second position opposite the first position.
In one aspect, the at least one antenna is disposed on an inner surface of the cover.
In a further aspect, the at least one antenna is transparent conductive ink.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, a socket based revenue meter is provided including a generally cylindrical housing; a base coupled to the housing including at least one terminal mateable with matching jaws of a detachable meter mounting device for connecting the meter to a power line of a power distribution system; a generally cylindrical cover having an open end and a closed end, the cover being disposed over the housing and the open end being mateable with the base; at least one sensor disposed in the housing and coupled to at least one terminal, the at least one sensor measures at least one parameter of the power line and generates at least one analog signal indicative of the at least one parameter; at least one analog to digital converter disposed in the housing and coupled to the at least one sensor, the at least one analog to digital converted receives the at least one analog signal and converts the at least one analog signal to at least one digital signal; at least one processor disposed in the housing, the at least one processor receives the at least one digital signal and calculates at least one power parameter in the electrical circuit; and a communication device disposed in the housing that receives the calculated at least one power parameter and wirelessly transmits the calculated at least one power parameter to a remote computing device, the communication device including at least one main antenna and diversity antenna.
In a further aspect, the communication device includes at least one processor, the at least one processor determines which of the main antenna and the diversity antenna is receiving the strongest signal and selects the antenna with the strongest received signal for a communication link.
In another aspect, the communication device includes at least one processor, the at least one processor combines received signals of the main antenna and the diversity antenna to produce a single signal.
In yet another aspect, the socket based revenue meter further includes at least one memory that stores a IP stack with TCP and/or UDP protocols.
In a further aspect, the at least one antenna has a working frequency in a range from about 698 MHz to about 3000 MHz.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from a consideration of the following Detailed Description considered in conjunction with the drawing Figures, in which:
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any configuration or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other configurations or designs. Herein, the phrase “coupled” is defined to mean directly connected to or indirectly connected with through one or more intermediate components. Such intermediate components may include both hardware and software based components.
It is further noted that, unless indicated otherwise, all functions described herein may be performed in either hardware or software, or some combination thereof. In one embodiment, however, the functions are performed by at least one processor, such as a computer or an electronic data processor, digital signal processor or embedded micro-controller, in accordance with code, such as computer program code, software, and/or integrated circuits that are coded to perform such functions, unless indicated otherwise.
It should be appreciated that the present disclosure can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process, an apparatus, a system, a device, a method, or a computer readable medium such as a computer readable storage medium or a computer network where program instructions are sent over optical or electronic communication links.
As used herein, intelligent electronic devices (“IEDs”) can be any device that senses electrical parameters and computes data including, but not limited to, Programmable Logic Controllers (“PLC's”), Remote Terminal Units (“RTU's”), electric power meters, panel meters, protective relays, fault recorders, phase measurement units, serial switches, smart input/output devices and other devices which are coupled with power distribution networks to manage and control the distribution and consumption of electrical power. A meter is a device that records and measures power events, power quality, current, voltage waveforms, harmonics, transients and other power disturbances. Revenue accurate meters (“revenue meter”) relate to revenue accuracy electrical power metering devices with the ability to detect, monitor, report, quantify and communicate power quality information about the power that they are metering.
The IED 10 of
The plurality of sensors 12 sense electrical parameters, e.g., voltage and current, on incoming lines, (i.e., phase A, phase B, phase C, neutral N), from an electrical power distribution system 11 e.g., an electrical circuit. In one embodiment, the sensors 12 may include current transformers and potential/voltage transformers, wherein one current transformer and one voltage transformer may be coupled to each phase of the incoming power lines. A primary winding of each transformer may be coupled to the incoming power lines and a secondary winding of each transformer may output a voltage representative of the sensed voltage and current. The output of each transformer may be coupled to the A/D converters 14 configured to convert the analog output voltage from the transformer to a digital signal that can be processed by the CPU 50, DSP1 60, DSP2 70, FPGA 80 or any combination thereof.
A/D converters 14 are respectively configured to convert an analog voltage output to a digital signal that is transmitted to a gate array, such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 80. The digital signal is then transmitted from the FPGA 80 to the CPU 50 and/or one or more DSP processors 60, 70 to be processed in a manner to be described below.
The CPU 50 or DSP Processors 60, 70 are configured to operatively receive digital signals from the A/D converters 14 (see
The power supply 16 provides power to each component of the IED 10. In one embodiment, the power supply 16 is a transformer with its primary windings coupled to the incoming power distribution lines 11 and having windings to provide a nominal voltage, e.g., 5 VDC, +12 VDC and −12 VDC, at its secondary windings. In other embodiments, power may be supplied from an independent power source to the power supply 16. For example, power may be supplied from a different electrical circuit or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
In one embodiment, the power supply 16 may be a switch mode power supply in which the primary AC signal will be converted to a form of DC signal and then switched at high frequency, such as, for example, 100 Khz, and then brought through a transformer to step the primary voltage down to, for example, 5 Volts AC. A rectifier and a regulating circuit may then be used to regulate the voltage and provide a stable DC low voltage output. Other embodiments, such as, but not limited to, linear power supplies or capacitor dividing power supplies are also contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The multimedia user interface 22 is shown coupled to the CPU 50 in
It is to be appreciated that the display and/or user interface 22 of the present disclosure is programmable and may be configured to meet the needs of a specific user and/or utility. An exemplary programmable display and/or user interface 22 is disclosed and described in commonly owned pending U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0010831, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0010831 provides for defining screens of a display on a revenue based energy meter, an intelligent electronic device, etc. In one embodiment, a method utilizes Modbus registers and defines a programming technique wherein a user can custom make any desired screen for every application based on what a user needs. The programming utilizes Modbus registers maps to allow for the customizable screens. Moreover, the display interface allows for customized labeling to provide notice and information to users as to measured parameters other than electricity that the meter might be accumulating such as steam, water, gas or other type of commodity.
The IED 10 will support various file types including but not limited to Microsoft Windows Media Video files (.wmv), Microsoft Photo Story files (.asf), Microsoft Windows Media Audio files (.wma), MP3 audio files (.mp3), JPEG image files (.jpg, .jpeg, .jpe, .jfif), MPEG movie files (.mpeg, .mpg, .mpe, .mlv, .mp2v .mpeg2), Microsoft Recorded TV Show files (.dvr-ms), Microsoft Windows Video files (.avi) and Microsoft Windows Audio files (.wav).
An input/output (I/O) interface 25 may be provided for receiving inputs generated externally from the IED 10 and for outputting data, e.g., serial data, a contact closure, etc., to other devices. In one embodiment, the I/O interface 25 may include a connector for receiving various cards and/or modules that increase and/or change the functionality of the IED 10. Such cards and/or module will be further described below.
The IED 10 further comprises a volatile memory 18 and a non-volatile memory 20. In addition to storing audio and/or video files, volatile memory 18 may store the sensed and generated data for further processing and for retrieval when called upon to be displayed at the IED 10 or from a remote location. The volatile memory 18 includes internal storage memory, e.g., random access memory (RAM), and the non-volatile memory 20 includes non-removable and removable memory such as magnetic storage memory; optical storage memory, e.g., the various types of CD and DVD media; solid-state storage memory, e.g., a CompactFlash card, a Memory Stick, SmartMedia card, MultiMediaCard (MMC), SD (Secure Digital) memory; or any other memory storage that exists currently or will exist in the future. By utilizing removable memory, an IED can be easily upgraded as needed. Such memory may be used for storing historical trends, waveform captures, event logs including time-stamps and stored digital samples for later downloading to a client application, web-server or PC application.
In a further embodiment, the IED 10 may include a communication device 24, also known as a network interface, for enabling communications between the IED or meter, and a remote terminal unit, programmable logic controller and other computing devices, microprocessors, a desktop computer, laptop computer, other meter modules, etc. The communication device 24 may be a modem, network interface card (NIC), wireless transceiver, etc. The communication device 24 may perform its functionality by hardwired and/or wireless connectivity. The hardwire connection may include but is not limited to hard wire cabling e.g., parallel or serial cables, RS232, RS485, USB cable, Firewire™ (1394 connectivity) cables, Ethernet, and the appropriate communication port configuration. The wireless connection may operate under any of the various wireless protocols including but not limited to Bluetooth™ interconnectivity, infrared connectivity, radio transmission connectivity including computer digital signal broadcasting and reception commonly referred to as Wi-Fi™ or 802.11.X (where x denotes the type of transmission), satellite transmission or any other type of communication protocols, communication architecture or systems currently existing or to be developed for wirelessly transmitting data including spread spectrum 900 MHz, or other frequencies, Zigbee™ WiFi™, or any mesh enabled wireless communication.
The IED 10 may communicate to a server or other computing device such as a client via the communication device 24. The client may comprise any computing device, such as a server, mainframe, workstation, personal computer, hand held computer, laptop, telephony device, network appliance, other IED, Programmable Logic Controller, Power Meter, Protective Relay etc. The IED 10 may be connected to a communications network, e.g., the Internet, by any means, for example, a hardwired or wireless connection, such as dial-up, hardwired, cable, DSL, satellite, cellular, PCS, wireless transmission (e.g., 802.11a/b/g), etc. It is to be appreciated that the network may be a public or private intranet, an extranet, a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), the Internet or any network that couples a plurality of computers to enable various modes of communication via network messages. Furthermore, the server may communicate using various protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc. and secure protocols such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), Internet Protocol Security Protocol (IPSec), Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol, etc. Communications may also include IP tunneling protocols such as those that allow virtual private networks coupling multiple intranets or extranets together via the Internet. The server may further include a storage medium for storing a database of instructional videos, operating manuals, etc.
In an additional embodiment, the IED 10 may also have the capability of not only digitizing waveforms, but storing the waveform and transferring that data upstream to a central computer, e.g., a remote server, when an event occurs such as a voltage surge or sag or a current short circuit. This data may be triggered and captured on an event, stored to memory, e.g., non-volatile RAM, and additionally transferred to a host computer within the existing communication infrastructure either immediately in response to a request from a remote device or computer to receive said data in response to a polled request. The digitized waveform may also allow the CPU 50 to compute other electrical parameters such as harmonics, magnitudes, symmetrical components and phasor analysis. Using the harmonics, the IED 10 may also calculate dangerous heating conditions and can provide harmonic transformer derating based on harmonics found in the current waveform.
In a further embodiment, the IED 10 may execute an e-mail client and may send e-mails to the utility or to the customer direct on an occasion that a power quality event occurs. This allows utility companies to dispatch crews to repair the condition. The data generated by the meters are used to diagnose the cause of the condition. The data may be transferred through the infrastructure created by the electrical power distribution system. The email client may utilize a POP3 or other standard mail protocol. A user may program the outgoing mail server and email address into the meter. An exemplary embodiment of said metering is available in U.S. Pat. No. 6,751,563, which all contents thereof are incorporated by reference herein. In the U.S. Pat. No. 6,751,563, at least one processor of the IED or meter is configured to collect the at least one parameter and generate data from the sampled at least one parameter, wherein the at least one processor is configured to act as a server for the IED or meter and is further configured for presenting the collected and generated data in the form of web pages.
In a further embodiment, the IED 10 of the present disclosure may communicate data from an internal network to a server, client, computing device, etc. on an external network through a firewall, as disclosed and described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0031201, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The techniques of the present disclosure can be used to automatically maintain program data and provide field wide updates upon which IED firmware and/or software can be upgraded. An event command can be issued by a user, on a schedule or by digital communication that may trigger the IED 10 to access a remote server and obtain the new program code. This will ensure that program data will also be maintained allowing the user to be assured that all information is displayed identically on all units.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, firmware, special purpose processors, or a combination thereof. The IED 10 also includes an operating system and micro instruction code. The various processes and functions described herein may either be part of the micro instruction code or part of an application program (or a combination thereof) which is executed via the operating system.
It is to be further understood that because some of the constituent system components and method steps depicted in the accompanying figures may be implemented in software, or firmware, the actual connections between the system components (or the process steps) may differ depending upon the manner in which the present disclosure is programmed. Given the teachings of the present disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the related art will be able to contemplate these and similar implementations or configurations of the present disclosure.
Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that the components and devices of the IED 10 of
Referring to
In a further embodiment, the IED 100 of
In yet another embodiment, the IED 100 of
It is to be appreciated that other housings and mounting schemes, e.g., panel mounted, circuit breaker mounted, etc., are contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring to
Referring to
It is further to be appreciated that the current plates 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168 are relatively wide to have increased surface area. The increased surface area allows high current to pass through. Additionally, the large surface area of the current plates 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168 act as a heat sink drawing heat generated internal to the metering sub-assembly 154 and dissipating such heat through ventilation slots or louvers 200 disposed on the housing 102. In certain embodiments, the delta T, i.e., temperature change, of the heat drawn away and dissipated by the current plates is approximately 10 degrees F. As best shown in
Referring to
A VIP board assembly 212 is disposed in the inner housing 206 perpendicular to the DSP board assembly 210 and electrically coupled thereto. The VIP board assembly 212 includes a plurality of current sensors 214 disposed thereon. The current sensors 214 are positioned on the VIP board assembly 212 to accept the current bars 194, 196, 198 through a respective center of the current sensors 214 when the current bars 194, 196, 198 are disposed in apertures 216 of the upper inner case 202. A similar current sensing technique is described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,271,996, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Referring to
To achieve more accurate current sensing at lower current ranges, a wire may be used in lieu of the current bars. A wire 181, 183, 185 is disposed through a respective aperture 216 and wound about the current sensor 214 internal to the metering sub-metering 154 by repeatedly inserting the respective wire through the aperture 216 as shown in
In this embodiment, a current plate holder 187 provides structural strength similar to the strength provided by the current bars. A perspective view of the current plate holder 187 is shown in
Referring back to
The DSP board assembly 210 is protected by bezel 108. In certain embodiments, a sticker 109 having identifying information, instructions, etc., is disposed over the bezel 108. Buttons 220 extends through apertures 222 in the bezel 108 and contact an input mechanism on a front surface of the DSP board assembly 210. The DSP board assembly 210 includes a battery receptacle 224 which when a battery is disposed therein provides battery backup to at least one storage device for retaining data upon a power loss and/or battery backup power for a real time clock (RTC) upon a power loss. To access the battery receptacle 224, the bezel 108 includes a battery aperture or window 226, as also shown in
Referring to
The input base module sub-assembly 156 includes generally circular base 114 having a plurality of aperture or slots 234 for receiving current and voltage input blades. The base 114 is shown in further detail in
A plurality of voltage input blades 250 are provided for sensing voltage. Each voltage input blade 250 includes a first end 252 and a second end 254. The second end 254 includes a shoulder tab 256 for providing a stop when at least one gasket is placed over the first end 252. In one embodiment, a metal gasket 258 is placed over the first end 252 and positioned against the shoulder tab 256. Additionally, a rubber gasket 260 may be placed over the first end 252 and positioned against the metal gasket 258. The first end 252 is disposed in an appropriate slot 234 in the base 114, e.g., voltage blade aperture or slot 237. The voltage blade 250 is secured to the base by displacing tab 262 from the plane of the blade 250 as to make contact with the base 114.
A filter board 264 is disposed over the voltage input blades 250 and between the second ends 238 of the current input blades. Each voltage input blade 250 includes a contact 266 which is configured to have perpendicular surface with respect to the blade. Once the filter board is positioned on the base 114, each contact 266 makes contact with an input 276 on a rear surface 278 of the filter board 264, as shown in
The filter board 264 is secured to the base 114 via screws or other means 270 coupled to standoffs 272, e.g., at least four standoffs are shown in
Referring to
It is to be appreciated that one side of each connector includes a receptacle that can be accessed via a respective aperture of base 114 and the other side of each connector is configured to be coupled to various modules disposed in the inner housing 206 via a cable. For example, referring again to
Referring again to
Referring to
In the open position, wiring between the metering sub-assembly 154 and the input base module sub-assembly 156 is facilitated. For example, a rear side 340 of connector 296 is exposed on the input base module sub-assembly 156. In one embodiment, the metering sub-assembly 154 includes a RS-485/KYZ connector 342, where RS-485/KYZ connector 342 is coupled to a receptacle 347 (shown in
The functionality of the IED 100 can be expanded by the addition of function modules or cards disposed in the metering sub-assembly 154 and coupled to the DSP board assembly 210. Referring to
It is to be appreciated that the function modules or cards 320, 322 may add functionality to the IED by including additional processing devices, additional memories or a combination thereof that work in cooperation, or independently, with the processing devices of the DSP board assembly 210. In other embodiments, the function modules or cards 320, 322 may expand the input/output (I/O) and/or the communication capabilities of the IED. For example, exemplary I/O modules or cards may include a four channel bi-directional 0-1 mA output card, a four channel 4-20 mA output card, a two relay output/two status input card, a four pulse output/four status input card, etc. or any combination thereof.
Exemplary communication cards or modules may include a 100 Base T Ethernet card, an IEC 61850 protocol Ethernet card, a fiber optic communication card, among others. It is to be appreciated that the Ethernet card or module may add at least one of the following capabilities and/or protocols to the IED including, but not limited to, Modbus TCP, DNP 3.0, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), SNMP, encryption, IEEE 1588 time sync, etc. It is further to be appreciated that two communication cards or modules may be employed to provide dual Ethernet ports. In one embodiment, the dual Ethernet ports may be configured such that each port is independent and communicatively isolated from the other port. Such a configuration is described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,747,733, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In this embodiment, each port has a unique identifier, e.g., an IP address, and may be connected to a different network than the other port. In another embodiment, each port connects to the same network. In this embodiment, each port may have the same identifier, e.g., IP address, wherein one of the two ports acts as an Ethernet switch to facilitate network wiring.
It is to be appreciated that the above-mentioned list of cards and/or modules, whether intelligent or passive, is not exhaustive and other types of inputs, outputs and communication protocols are contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Further exemplary cards and/or modules and techniques for coupling such cards and/or modules to add functionality, capabilities, etc. are disclosed and described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,184,904 and 7,994,934, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
Referring back to
It is to be appreciated that certain types of cards may be coupled to separate connectors on base 114 for separate input/output communication. For example, in one embodiment, the two relay output/two status input card 334 is configured to be coupled to two different connectors coupled to base 114. In one embodiment, the top portion of connector 338 may be coupled via a patch cable to a connector on the base 114, for example, rear portion 301 of connector 300 for input communication and the bottom portion of connector 338 may be coupled via a patch cable to another connector on the base 114, for example, rear portion 293 of connector 292. In another embodiment, the patch cable may be configured to include a single connector on one end for interacting with connector 338 of card 334, while the other end of the patch cable include two separate connectors, e.g., connector 292 and connector 300. Such an exemplary patch cable is shown in
It is to be appreciated that when no additional function modules or cards are used, a blank plate (not shown) is disposed over slots 332, 334. Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that when no additional function module or cards are used, one or more of connectors 292, 294, 296, 298, and/or 300 may be removed and blank plates or covers (not shown) may be disposed over apertures 307, 308, 310, 312, and/or 313. In one embodiment, the blank plates or covers disposed over apertures 307, 308, 310, 312, and/or 313 may interact with an aperture of the I/O connector frame to secure the covers to the base 114.
In one embodiment, when one or more of connectors 292, 294, 296, 298, 300 is coupled to base 114, the receptacle of each respective connector that is coupled to base 114 is color coded, where the color of the receptacle (as seen from the rear side of the base 114 as shown in
Referring to
Additionally, in one embodiment, filter box cover 274 includes apertures 279, 286, and 288, where apertures 286 and 288 can also be seen in
As described above, voltage sensed by each voltage input blade 250 is provided to the filter board 264 which subsequently provides power to other portions of the IED and at least one signal indicative of the voltage sensed from the electrical distribution system via cable 286 and connector 268. Referring to
The sensed voltage for each phase is provided by a contact point on the top surface 360 of the filter board 264. Referring to
Referring to
It is to be appreciated that the current limiting resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and resistor R6407 limit the amount of current passing through the metal oxide varistors MOV1, MOV2, MOV3, MOV4 and clamping device 406 to prevent damage to the metal oxide varistors MOV1, MOV2, MOV3, MOV4 and clamping device 406 and lengthen their lifetime.
The rectifier section 394 receives AC voltage as sensed by the voltage input blades and converts the AC voltage to a DC voltage. The DC voltage is then passed to the common mode choke or filter 408, e.g., an inductor, to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) on the power supply lines. The DC voltage is then passed to buffer 410 for storing energy to be supplied via DC+ 378 and DC− 380. The buffer 410 includes capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8 and resistors R5, R8. An additional noise suppression section 412 is optionally provided at the output including capacitors C9, C11, C12, C13.
In another embodiment, voltage used for supplying power to the various components of the IED may be supplied via an auxiliary power source, e.g., coupled to auxiliary connector 302 as shown in
It is to be appreciated that the filter board 264 provides full surge suppression at transient voltage conditions, i.e., the filter board 264 snubs transient voltage events that traditionally damage conventional meters and thus improves reliability of meters/IEDs utilizing the filter board 264 of the present disclosure. That is, the metal oxide varistors MOV1, MOV2, MOV3, MOV4 suppress phase-to-phase voltage transients, while the clamping device 406 suppresses phase-to-earth voltage transients. It is further to be appreciated that line surge suppression is not found in revenue meters or revenue IEDs, and therefore, it is envisioned that other forms of line surge suppression may be designed and that such line surge suppression techniques are contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring to
Referring to
It is to be appreciated that one surface of antenna 504 is in full contact with the outer surface 514 of the antenna holder 510. In certain embodiments, antenna 504 is applied to the surface 514 by double-sided tape, however, other methods for applying the antenna 504 to the holder 510 are contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure, e.g., adhesives, screws, clips, loop and hook fasteners, other mechanical attachment means, etc.
The antenna holder 510 further includes first and second clips 516, 518 for securing the holder 510 onto the inner housing 206. Clips 516 couple to apertures 520 of the inner housing 206, while clips 518 couple to similar apertures (not shown) on the lower inner case 204 of inner housing 206. First and second sets of guide pins 522, 524 are disposed on an inner surface 526 of the holder 510 to guide the holder 510 onto the inner housing 206. The first guide pins 522 enter apertures 528 on the upper inner case 202 and second guide pins 524 enter apertures 530 on the lower inner case 204.
The antenna holder 510 includes a cable guide 532. The cable guide 532 includes at least two channels 534 for guiding the cables 506, 508 from the holder 510 to the communication device 502.
Referring to
In one embodiment, the cell modem 550 is a 4G LTE Cell Modem IC, such as, but not limited to, a Telit™ 4G LTE Cell Modem IC, Skywire™ 4G LTE CAT 3 Embedded Modem, etc. For example, component U6 in
The UART IC (component U1) 552 is connected to the DSP bus so that the IED 100 can send and receive data and control via the UART 552, which is connected to the UART of the cell modem 550. The cell modem 550 transmits the data it receives over the mobile communications network and receives data which it passes via its UART back to the UART 552 that is controlled via the DSP bus.
The USB connector (component J3) 554 is routed directly to the USB port built into the cell modem 550 and can be used for diagnostic monitoring and control and data transfers. The USB Interface of the cell modem 550 complies with the USB 2.0 specification and supports both USB full-speed (12 Mbits/sec) and USB high-speed (480 Mbits/sec) communications. Additionally, firmware of the cell modem 550 can be updated via the USB connector 554.
The power off circuitry 556 provides a power off analog switch to the cell modem IC 550, which can be controlled over the DSP interface bus 566, i.e., controlled by the DSP on the DSP board assembly 210. The power off circuitry 556 is used to perform full reinitialization of the cell modem 550 if it is not responding as expected. The power off circuitry 556 is primarily used in case a soft reset fails.
Regulator 558 includes at least two voltage regulators (components U4 and U5, shown in
The antenna connectors (components J1 and J2) 560, 562 are used for the main antenna and a diversity antenna as required by various cellular networks. It is to be appreciated that the use of a main antenna and a diversity antenna that are physically separated from each other (often referred to as antenna diversity, space diversity, or special diversity) is used to improve the quality and reliability of a wireless link. Having more than one antenna improves the chances of capturing a strong signal by providing independent samples of data from signals in the vicinity of the antennas.
The antenna outputs are routed to antenna connectors 560, 562 and to cell modem 550. In one embodiment, the at least one processor of the cell modem 550 is configured to determine which antenna is receiving the best or strongest signal and to use or select the antenna with the best or strongest received signal for a communication or wireless link. In another embodiment, the at least one processor of cell modem 550 is configured to combine the received signals of the main antenna and the diversity antenna to produce a stronger signal, e.g., a single signal.
Exemplary connectors include, but are not limited to, SMA (sub-miniature version A) connectors, I-PEX connectors, surface mount connectors, etc. In certain embodiments, the antennas are mounted internally and do not require isolation so they can be directly routed to the cell modem. In other embodiments, the antenna may be mounted externally and requires isolation. A high voltage capacitor between the antenna outputs and the antenna connectors is used for this isolation. In one embodiment, the high voltage capacitor is disposed in blocks 574, 576 between the connectors 560, 562 and the cell modem 550; however, other locations for the high voltage capacitors are contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
A SIM holder 564 holds a SIM card for the network the IED will communicate on. A subscriber identity module or subscriber identification module (SIM) is an integrated circuit that is used to securely store the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). It is also possible to store contacts on the SIM card. The SIM card contains its unique serial number (ICCID), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number, security authentication and ciphering information, temporary information related to the local network, a list of the services the user has access to, and two passwords: a personal identification number (PIN) for ordinary use, and a personal unblocking code (PUK) for PIN unlocking.
The I2C Memory 568 contains the Biobyte information and setup information for the cell modem board.
It is to be appreciated that certain components of the communication device 502 may include a shield disposed over the component to reduce or prevent noise generated in other components of the IED to affect the communication device's performance.
The antenna 504 is a MIMO (multiple in and multiple out) flexible polymer monopole type antenna, which, on one assembly, contains the main antenna and a diversity antenna with a cable for each type to connect to the connectors 560, 562 of the communication device 502. The antenna 504 covers all working frequencies in the 698-3000 MHz spectrum, covering all Cellular, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, ISM and AGPS applications. In one embodiment, the antenna 504 conforms to 4G LTE applications, which also is compliant for 2G and 3G applications, e.g., HSPA, GSM, CDMA, DCS, PCS, WCDMA, UMTS, GPRS, EDGE, GPS, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, etc.
Each of the main antenna 578 and diversity antenna 580 are supported by a flexible substrate 505, e.g., a dielectric sheet or plastic. In one embodiment, the main antenna 578 and diversity antenna 580 are printed onto the substrate 505 using conductive traces or conductive ink. In another embodiment, the substrate is a flexible, printed circuit board and the main antenna 578 and diversity antenna 580 are disposed onto the flexible, printed circuit board by a photo-etching technique. The substrate 505 is flexible to conform to the C-shaped member 512 of the antenna holder 510. It is to be appreciated that the one surface of antenna 504, i.e., the substrate 505, is in full contact with the outer surface 514 of the antenna holder 510. In certain embodiments, antenna 504 is applied to the surface 514 by double-sided tape, however, other methods for applying the antenna 504 to the holder 510 is contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure, e.g., by adhesives, screws, tie wraps, etc.
Each of the main antenna 578 and diversity antenna 580 are coupled to terminals 582, 584 respectively, which are coupled to cables 506,508, e.g., coaxial cables, although other types of cables are contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, cables 506, 508 includes connectors 586, 588, e.g., IPEX connectors, SMA connectors, surface mount connectors, etc., for coupling to connectors 560, 562 of the communication device 502. In a further embodiment, cables 506, 508 may have connectors on both ends of the respective cable for coupling to an antenna on a first end and coupling to a communication device on a second end, where the antenna and communication device may have a corresponding or complementary connector. It is to be appreciated that in certain embodiments the connectors on each end of a single cable may be different depending on the corresponding connectors of, for example, the antenna and the communication device. In certain embodiments, the connectors of cables 506, 508 may be secured via tie wrap, kapton tape, etc., to prevent the connection from becoming loose from, for example, vibration.
In certain embodiments, each of the main antenna 578 and diversity antenna 580 may be adapted, or tuned, to resonate at one or more predetermined frequency bands. Additionally, the main antenna 578 and diversity antenna 580 may be positioned on the substrate 505 to optimize isolation and correlation patterns therebetween.
In another embodiment, at least one antenna is disposed on an external surface of the housing while remaining under the cover, i.e., under glass. Referring to
Similar to the above described embodiments, housing 602 includes an upper clam shell half 650 and a lower clam shell half 652. Lower clam shell half 652 includes channel 608 for retaining antenna 604, while upper clam shell half 650 includes channel 608 for retaining antenna 606. In one embodiment, the antennas 604, 606, e.g., rod-shaped antennas, are retained in their respective channels 608, 610 by clips 612. In another embodiment, the channels 608, 610 are configured to retain the antennas by a press-fit. Other methods of retaining the antennas 604, 608 to the exterior surface of the housing 602 are contemplated to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Each antenna 604, 606 includes a cable 614, 616 respectively, for coupling the antenna 604, 606 to the communication device 502 disposed in the housing 602. In one embodiment, an aperture 618, 620 is configured in a respective clam shell half to route the cable 614, 616 to the communication device 502.
In another embodiment, the antenna is applied to an inner surface of the cover. Referring to
It is to be appreciated that, in another embodiment, the antenna 705 may be disposed on the outer surface of the cover 704.
In another embodiment, an antenna is applied to the inner and/or outer cylindrical surface of the cover of an IED with an electrical connection through the base of the IED. Referring to
In the embodiment shown in
It is to be appreciated that the at least one contact 810, 812 and/or the at least one complementary contact 820, 822 may be a resilient type contact to allow for a wide range of tolerance in the dimension between the cover 804 and the base 814 to ensure an electrical connection. The resilient type contact may include, but is not limited to, a leaf spring type contact, a brush type contact, a wipe type contact, a ball-and-spring type contact, etc.
In another embodiment, the traces 806, 808 may be printed on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the cover 804 with highly transparent conductive ink. In this embodiment, the at least one trace 806, 808 need not be galvanically (DC) connected to a contact on the base 814, but can be connected via capacitive or inductive coupling through a non-conductive gap, e.g., air. In this embodiment, the at least one contact 810, 812 would come to rest, when the cover 804 is coupled to the base 814, in close proximity to the least one complementary contact 820, 822 on the outer peripheral edge 818 of the base 814. As described above, the capacitively or inductively coupled connection would allow for a wide range of tolerance in the dimension between the cover 804 and the base 814 to ensure an electrical connection. Furthermore, this “contact-less” type connection will not wear out upon repeated mounting and removal of the cover 804, nor will the contacts oxidize.
In another embodiment, an antenna is disposed within an antenna assembly, which is coupled to an outer surface of the housing of the IED. Referring to
Each antenna assembly 909, 911 includes an antenna mounting plate 915, an antenna cover 917 and an appropriate antenna, e.g., a main antenna 904 and/or a diversity antenna 906. Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In one embodiment, the at least one antenna element may be a conductive element, such as a metallic foil element. Such a metallic foil element may be adhered to, etched onto or inked onto the substrate 961. Exemplary metals for the foil element may include, but is not limited to, copper, gold, silver, platinum, alloys formed from at least one conductive metal, etc. In another embodiment, the at least one antenna element is disposed on a surface of the substrate 961, then another layer of a dielectric material may be disposed over the at least one antenna element to encapsulate the at least one antenna element.
It is to be appreciated that various types of antennas may be employed as antennas 904, 906, e.g., a dipole antenna, a dual-dipole, multi-band antenna, etc.
Referring to
It is to be appreciated that the antenna assembly 909, 911 may be completely assembled before coupling to the housing 902 of the IED 900. In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 909, 911 is assembled then coupled to the housing 902 by disposing the tabs 935 of the antenna mounting plate 915 into the louvers 970 of the housing 902 to retain the antenna assembly 909, 911 to the housing of the IED 900. The tabs 935 may be retained in the louvers 970 by an interference fit, adhesives, etc. In other embodiments, the antenna assembly 909, 911 may be coupled to the housing 902 by, for example, clips, screws, hooks, loop and hook fasteners, connectors, retention straps, tie wraps, etc. It is further to be appreciated that the antenna mounting plate 915 and antenna cover 917 may be formed form any suitable material, such as an electrically insulating, non-conductive material, including but not limited to plastics, ceramics and the like. In this manner, the antenna assembly 909, 911 provides protection to an operator, for example, from making accidental contact with the antenna and potentially high voltages associated with the IED. Additionally, the non-conductive material may be chosen so the potential for antenna interference is minimized.
It is to be appreciated that each of the embodiments described above in relation to IEDs 600, 700, 800, and 900 including various antennas and antenna assemblies may be configured for use and implemented in IED 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. It is further to be appreciated that although various embodiments above have been described using two antennas in a diversity scheme the present disclosure also contemplates using a single antenna. In certain embodiments, the cell modem 550 may recognize that only one antenna is attached and may then continue to operate in a non-diversity mode, i.e., to transmit and receive data using a single antenna.
In an even further embodiment, a first of two antennas is used for transmitting data and a second of the two antennas is used for receiving data.
It is to be appreciated that the communication device 502 may operate under any of the various wireless protocols including but not limited to Bluetooth™ interconnectivity, infrared connectivity, radio transmission connectivity including computer digital signal broadcasting and reception commonly referred to as Wi-Fi™ or 802.11.X (where x denotes the type of transmission), satellite transmission or any other type of communication protocols, communication architecture or systems currently existing or to be developed for wirelessly transmitting data including spread spectrum 900 MHz, or other frequencies, ZigBee™, WiFi™, or any mesh enabled wireless communication.
It is further to be appreciated that any communication port (e.g., port 112, modem, Ethernet) may be disabled via a secure communication session, a front panel interface, etc., also known as port hardening. A user, e.g., via a secure session, may turn off any or all ports independently. Additionally, a user is enabled to change port number assignments for all protocols, e.g., Ethernet protocols.
It is to be appreciated that the various features shown and described are interchangeable, that is a feature shown in one embodiment may be incorporated into another embodiment.
While non-limiting embodiments are disclosed herein, many variations are possible which remain within the concept and scope of the present disclosure. Such variations would become clear to one of ordinary skill in the art after inspection of the specification, drawings and claims herein. The present disclosure therefore is not to be restricted except within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Furthermore, although the foregoing text sets forth a detailed description of numerous embodiments, it should be understood that the legal scope of the present disclosure is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment, as describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. One could implement numerous alternate embodiments, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims.
It should also be understood that, unless a term is expressly defined in this patent using the sentence “As used herein, the term ‘——————’ is hereby defined to mean . . . ” or a similar sentence, there is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based on any statement made in any section of this patent (other than the language of the claims). To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such claim term be limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning. Finally, unless a claim element is defined by reciting the word “means” and a function without the recital of any structure, it is not intended that the scope of any claim element be interpreted based on the application of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/196,719 filed Jul. 24, 2015, entitled “WIRELESS INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE”, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/056,537 filed Feb. 29, 2016, which claims priority on U.S. Provisional Patent Appl. No. 62/126,049, filed Feb. 27, 2015, the content of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20160370204 A1 | Dec 2016 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62196719 | Jul 2015 | US | |
62126049 | Feb 2015 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 15056537 | Feb 2016 | US |
Child | 15218984 | US |