Patent Application
20080158006
The present invention relates in general to wellbore drilling operations and more particularly to systems and methods for wireless communication between downhole drilling tools.
In order to precisely position a wellbore a driller must have accurate and real-time information regarding the position and movement of the drilling assembly, information regarding the subterranean formations and the ability to control the drilling assembly. To accomplish these goals bottom-hole assemblies (“BHA”) commonly include various combinations of measurement while drilling (“MWD”) and logging while drilling (“LWD”) techniques and systems. In general, MWD systems collect data such as dip and inclination of the drilling assembly and LWD systems collect data associated with formation characteristics for formation evaluation. For convenience, an instrument combination that includes LWD and MWD systems will be referred to hereinafter as MWD systems. Bottom-hole assemblies also commonly include drilling tools such as a steering system.
The MWD system and/or steering system are typically wired to a surface telemetry system for transmitting signals containing data obtained downhole to the surface and for receiving command signals from the surface. A typical surface telemetry system utilizes mud-pulse telemetry. In this method, a modulator consisting of a rotary valve operates on a continuous pressure wave in the mud column. By changing the phase of the signal (frequency modulation) and detecting these changes, a signal can be transmitted between the surface and the downhole tools. Often modulators and receivers are position at the surface, for example in the mud pump discharge line, and in the BHA so the data and commands can be transmitted between the surface and the BHA.
It has been realized that there are situations in which the complete span of the BHA cannot be wired to transmit data via wiring to the surface telemetry system. This typically occurs when one or more of the BHA sections cannot be practically or feasibly through-wired. One common example of a wired-communication gap in the BHA is in rotary steerable drilling systems. In these systems a mud motor is included in the BHA. The mud motor typically cannot feasibly provide through-wiring to transmit data between the surface telemetry system and the drilling tool that provides inclination data and/or steering control. One solution is to position the various sensors and tools above the mud motor for connection with the surface telemetry system. However, this configuration does not provide the data necessary for precise well placement. Other tools such as, without limitation, reamers, filters, stabilizers, and drill collars also create wired-communications gaps in the BHA. These wired-communication gaps severely limit BHA configuration options and the ability to precisely control and position and wellbore.
Therefore, it is a desire to provide a wireless telemetry system that addresses drawbacks of the prior art MWD systems. It is a still further desire to provide a wireless telemetry system for communicating between wellbore tools and systems. It is a still further desire to provide a wireless telemetry system that bridges wired-communication gaps in a BHA.
Accordingly, wireless telemetry systems and methods are provided for bridging gaps in wired communication between tools or systems positioned in a wellbore are provided. In one embodiment, a wireless telemetry system for providing communication between at least two wellbore tools includes a first transceiver in signal communication with a first wellbore tool and a second transceiver in signal communication with a second wellbore tool, the first and the second transceiver in signal communication with one another via wireless induction telemetry.
An embodiment of a wireless telemetry system for providing signal communication across a wired-communication gap in a bottom-hole assembly (“BHA”), the BHA having an upper portion and a lower portion separated by the wired-communication gap, includes an upper transceiver positioned in the upper portion and in signal communication with a surface telemetry system and a lower transceiver positioned in the lower portion and in signal communication with a drilling tool, the upper and the lower transceivers in signal communication with one another via wireless induction telemetry.
An embodiment of a method of bridging a wired-communication gap in a bottom-hole assembly that separates an upper portion including a surface telemetry system and a bottom portion having a drilling tool, the method includes the steps of providing an upper transceiver in signal communication with a surface telemetry system; providing a lower transceiver in signal communication with the drilling tool; and communicating between the upper transceiver and the lower transceiver via wireless induction telemetry.
In some embodiments the transceiver may include an antenna that is positioned within the bore of a drill collar adjacent to a thinned wall section in the drill collar. The thinned wall section may include one or more of increasing an inside diameter relative to a base inside diameter of the bore and decreasing an outside diameter relative to a base outside diameter of the drill collar.
The foregoing has outlined the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention.
The foregoing and other features and aspects of the present invention will be best understood with reference to the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the invention, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Refer now to the drawings wherein depicted elements are not necessarily shown to scale and wherein like or similar elements are designated by the same reference numeral through the several views.
As used herein, the terms “up” and “down”; “upper” and “lower”; and other like terms indicating relative positions to a given point or element are utilized to more clearly describe some elements of the embodiments of the invention. Commonly, these terms relate to a reference point as the surface from which drilling operations are initiated as being the top point and the total depth of the well being the lowest point.
Each transceiver 12 is in signal communication with a wellbore tool for receiving and/or transmitting data therebetween. Examples of wellbore tools include, without limitation, wellbore measurement devices, formation characteristic measurement systems, steerable systems, and surface telemetry systems for communication with the surface.
Transceivers 12 are connected within a bottom-hole assembly (“BHA”) 14. BHA 14 is connected via a drilling string 16 to the surface 18. BHA 14 may include various tools and measurement devices and subs depending on the particular drilling operation. Measurement devices may include, without limitation, antennas, sources, sensors, detectors and the like for obtaining data related to formation characteristics, wellbore conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature) and positioning (e.g., dip, inclination).
BHA 14 as shown in
Connected within BHA 14 above transceiver 12b are one or more devices that do not provide through-wire connections, generally denoted by the numeral 26. Non-through-wire devices 26 may include without limitations, mud motors, filters, flex collars, drill collars, and reamers. BHA 14 of
Upper portion 8 of includes a formation evaluation tool 28 such as an electromagnetic resistivity tool for obtaining data associated with the surrounding formation characteristics. Tool 28 is hard-wired (arrow 24) to surface telemetry system 30. Transceiver 12a is in communication connection with a surface telemetry system 30 via wiring (arrow 24). Surface telemetry system 30 may be incorporated in evaluation tool 28. Surface telemetry system 30 is illustrated as a mud-pulse telemetry system for transmitting data to and receiving data from surface controller 32, arrow 33. However, it should be recognized that surface telemetry system 32 may include other means of communicating with the surface including hard-wiring or transmission of signals through the surrounding formation.
Operation of wireless telemetry system 10 is described with reference to
Refer now to
Transceiver 12b is illustrated with antenna 40 located in the wall of drill collar 36. Mounting antenna 40 on the drill collar minimizes the collar effect on the antenna impedance. Additionally, a collar antenna 40 facilitates use of a larger antenna area thereby increasing the antenna moment and a stronger signal when transmitting. A higher carrier frequency can also be used with collar mounted antenna leading to higher bit rates. Overall, collar mounted antenna may increase the transmission distance over mandrel-type transceiver antennas.
Non-through-wired section 4 is illustrated as a mud motor 22a. As has been briefly described, for purposes of practicality and reliability motor 22a does not provide through wiring for connecting the systems of lower portion 6 and upper portion 8.
As illustrated in
System 10 illustrated in
Electronics and circuitry section 42 includes the signal processing, power and communication electronics disposed within a pressure housing. Transceivers 12 may be powered from the tool bus or include a dedicated battery. Transceivers 12 may include a variable rate data (BPSK or OPSK) modem with all-digital implementation of the demodulation process. The telemetry is induction type to provide mud independence. However, the telemetry may be formation resistivity dependent, thus resistivities below 0.2 Ohm-m will severely attenuate the signal (arrow 34 of
Drill collar 36 has a base inside diameter 54 and a base outside diameter 56. Transceiver section 52 comprises a thinned or reduced wall thickness section 58 to reduce the collar effect on the transmitted signal. In the embodiment of
In
From the foregoing detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention, it should be apparent that a system for bridging communication gaps in bottom-hole assemblies that is novel has been disclosed. Although specific embodiments of the invention have been disclosed herein in some detail, this has been done solely for the purposes of describing various features and aspects of the invention, and is not intended to be limiting with respect to the scope of the invention. It is contemplated that various substitutions, alterations, and/or modifications, including but not limited to those implementation variations which may have been suggested herein, may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims which follow.
The present application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/882,358 filed on Dec. 28, 2006. The Provisional Application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60882358 | Dec 2006 | US |
