Patent Application
20230373682
This invention relates to a structure of a wooden cask of polyhedral shape for storing and aging beverages, in particular wine and spirits.
In the prior art, wooden casks or containers or barrels in the shape of a polyhedron (e.g. with six walls) for storing and aging beverages are known as an alternative to cylindrical barrels. The advantage of these multi-walled barrels is better spatial storage and better use of internal storage volumes.
The international patent application WO 9845192 A1 describes a wooden cask in the shape of a polyhedron for storing and aging beverages, which comprises a top, bottom, front, rear and two side panels assembled together to define an internal storage volume. There is a fill hole in the top panel near the front edge thereof and a drain hole in the front panel near the lower edge thereof, not contacting the internal face of the bottom panel. Thus, there is a space between the drain hole and the internal face of the bottom panel from which not all liquid can drain. The bottom panel is inclined downwards from the rear edge toward the front edge and the top panel is inclined upwards from the rear edge toward the front edge, with a roof-like depression in front of the inner side of the top panel from the central front-rear axis of the top panel to the side edges thereof for reducing the volume of residual air near the fill hole.
On the outer sides of the two opposite side panels, two combined pairs of vertical beams are arranged and functioning as buttresses, the ends of which do not extend beyond the lower or upper edge of the side panels. Each vertical beam is connected to another vertical beam positioned opposite the external face of the opposite side panel by a pair of compression rods, each compression rod connecting two opposite ends in a pair of associated vertical beams, thereby being able to exert a horizontal force tending to bring the opposite side panels together. Each end of the vertical beams is pierced with a horizontal through hole, and each side panel is pierced with a plurality of horizontal through holes, each being aligned with the adjacent horizontal through hole of the vertical beam, and the compression rods pass through the adjacent horizontal through holes. The compression rods extend over the top panel or below the bottom panel along their outer sides, and each compression rod is additionally sunk between the opposite side panels into a horizontal groove of a horizontal beam which is connected to the top or bottom panel by a dovetail joint. As a result, the compression rods are also in contact with the top, or bottom panels and also bring them together. In addition, each compression rod comprises two threaded ends to which a fixing nut is screwed.
The individual panels are connected to one another by means of sliding through dado joints with a right-angled tongue, which joints require additional U-shaped sealing elements enclosing the edges of the groove joint or sealing pins or tapes connecting the lower part of the groove to the edge of the panel to be slid into for watertight connection.
The international patent application WO 2007062690 A1 describes a wooden cask in the shape of a polyhedron for storing and aging beverages, which comprises a top, bottom, front, rear and two side panels assembled together to define an internal storage volume. The bottom panel can be tilted downwards from the rear edge toward the front edge.
On the outer sides of the two opposite side panels, a combined pair of vertical beams is arranged as supporting pillars in the shape of a hexagonal prism with rectangular bases and two trapezoidal walls perpendicular thereto, the ends of the vertical beams not extending over the lower or upper edge of the side panels. The rectangular base adjacent to the longer base of the trapezoidal side is at the same time proximal to the external face of the side panel, while the rectangular base adjacent to the shorter base of the trapezoidal side is at the same time distal to the external face of the side panel.
On the external face of the top and bottom panels, an associated pair of horizontal beams is arranged as supporting pillars in the shape of a hexagonal prism with rectangular bases and two trapezoidal walls perpendicular thereto, the ends of the horizontal beams not extending beyond the side edges of the top and bottom panels. The rectangular base adjacent to the shorter base of the trapezoidal side is at the same time proximal to the outer side of the top or the bottom panel, while the rectangular base adjacent to the longer base of the trapezoidal side is at the same time distal to the outer side of the top or bottom panel. In addition, the inclining side walls adjacent to the arms of the trapezoidal side are covered with a reinforcing metal layer.
Two oblique holes are drilled across each vertical beam for oblique fixing screws in a direction from the distal rectangular base to the proximal rectangular base extending substantially parallel to the arms of the trapezoidal sides so that one oblique hole faces through the hole in the side panel to the horizontal beam of the top panel and the other to horizontal beam of the bottom panel. The corresponding openings in the horizontal beams are located in the reinforcing metal layers on the inclining side walls. A total of four oblique fixing screws pass through these aligned holes, which are able to exert a pressing force with a tendency to press both side panels against the top or the bottom panel. The actual connection between the side panels with the top or the bottom panel is achieved by means of sliding through dado joints with a right-angled toothing (i.e. multiple tongues and grooves), which, however, require the use of these oblique fixing screws for sufficient watertightness.
The international patent application WO 2017081596 A1 describes a wooden cask in the shape of a polyhedron for storing and aging beverages, which comprises a top, bottom, front, rear and two side panels assembled together to define an internal storage volume.
The top panel is tilted upwards from the rear edge toward the front edge, and the bottom panel is tilted downwards from the rear edge toward the front edge. There is a fill hole in the front panel near the upper edge thereof and a drain hole in the front panel near the lower edge thereof, but not in contact with the inner side of the lower panel. Thus, there is a space between the drain hole and the internal face of the bottom panel from which not all the liquid can drain.
The wooden cask further comprises three associated pairs of vertical beams, each of which has two ends, and which form a buttress opposite the outer sides of the two opposite side panels. The two ends of each vertical beam extend beyond the lower and upper edges of the side panel opposite the vertical beam. Each vertical beam is connected to another vertical beam positioned opposite the external face of the opposite side panel, thus forming a pair of associated vertical beams.
The wooden cask further comprises two compression rods per one pair of associated vertical beams. Within this pair, each end of the vertical beam is connected to the other end of the vertical beam by a single compression rod capable of exerting a horizontal force with a tendency to bring together opposite vertical beams and opposite side panels on which the two vertical beams rest. Each end of the vertical beams is pierced with a horizontal through hole, and each side panel is pierced with a plurality of horizontal through holes, each being aligned with the adjacent horizontal through hole of the vertical beam, wherein the compression rods pass through the adjacent horizontal through holes. In addition, the compression rods do not pass above the top panel or below the bottom panel along their outer sides but pass through horizontal openings drilled across the top and bottom panels, thereby compromising their integrity and strength.
The joints between the side panel and the top panel, or between the side panel and the bottom panel are achieved by means of sliding through dado joints with a stepped tongue. The disadvantage of this joint is the presence of grooves outside the joint on both sides, where dirt, sludge, mould or moisture can settle, and at the same time the lack of self-sealing ability after soaking the wood with the stored liquid.
The joints between the front panel and the top and bottom panel, or between the rear panel and the top and bottom panels are achieved by means of sliding through dado joints with a right-angled or stepped tongue. A part of this joint is also the compression rod itself, which is placed in horizontal openings drilled along said joint so that in both connected panels there is an additional groove corresponding to the shape of the compression rod, e.g. with circular or double-sided dovetail cross-section. The disadvantage of guiding the compression rod inside the joint is the impairment of its integrity, watertightness and strength, while in addition there is a risk of deflection of the top or the bottom panel in the middle, which exacerbates the following disadvantages.
The disadvantage of the above-cited arrangements is the leakage of the joints of the casks with impaired integrity and the leakage of the stored liquid, or the penetration of air into the cask, which causes oxidation of the stored beverage.
Another disadvantage is the need to use other sealing agents, such as sealing fabrics or silicones, which increase the complexity of the production and impair the organoleptic properties of the stored beverage (e.g. in contact with silicone).
Another disadvantage of the above-cited arrangements is that the drain hole in the front panel near the lower edge thereof is not in contact with the internal face of the bottom panel, and thus there is a space between the drain hole and the internal face of the bottom panel from which not all liquid can drain. Such irrecoverable residue causes problems during cleaning the cask.
The object of the invention is to provide a wooden cask construction for storing and aging wine and other beverages which allows the sealing of used joints due to liquid soaking in the wood, complete draining of the interior space, space saving and good storability and stackability, easy assembly and disassembly, while preventing leaks, aeration of the interior space and the formation of mould.
This objective is achieved by a wooden cask comprising a top panel, a bottom panel, a front panel, a rear panel and two side panels, at least two associated pairs of vertical beams, at least two compression rods per an associated pair of vertical beams, at least one fill hole and at least one drain hole.
Each panel is provided with external and internal substantially planar faces and all are assembled together to a polyhedral shape so as to define an internal storage volume. The front panel, the rear panel and the two side panels define an upper edge and a lower edge, further the top panel and the bottom panel define a front edge and a rear edge, and the front panel and the rear panel define two side edges. The top panel is inclined upwards from the rear edge towards the front edge at an angle α and the bottom panel is inclined downwards from the rear edge towards the front edge at an angle β.
Each vertical beam is connected to another vertical beam bearing against the external face of an opposite side panel, forming thereby a pair of associated vertical beams forming a buttress against the external faces of the two opposite side panels. Each vertical beam has two ends, i.e. a lower end and an upper end, wherein the two ends of each vertical beam extend beyond the lower and upper edges of the side panel against which the vertical beam is mounted.
Each end of the vertical beam is connected to another end of the vertical beam of a pair of associated vertical beams by means of one compression rod able to exert a horizontal force tending to bring together the opposite vertical beams of a pair of associated vertical beams and the opposite side panels against which these two vertical beams rest. Each end of the vertical beams is pierced by a horizontal through hole and each side panel is pierced by a plurality of horizontal through holes, each horizontal through hole of the side panel being aligned with the neighbouring horizontal through hole of the vertical beam, so that the compression rods pass through the neighbouring horizontal through holes.
The fill hole is arranged in the top panel near the front edge thereof and the drain hole is arranged in the front panel near the lower edge thereof.
The invention essentially discloses that the compression rods pass at a distance above the surface of the top panel along the external face thereof (i.e. without contacting the surface of the external face of the top panel) or below the bottom panel in the vicinity of the lower edges of the front, rear and/or side panels (i.e. without contacting or with contact to the surface of the external face of the bottom panel or the lower edge of the front, rear and/or side panels). The position of the compression rods approximately copies the tilt of the top and bottom panels, wherein the compression rods near the front edge of both the top and bottom panels pass through the horizontal through holes closer to both ends of the vertical beams than the horizontal through holes through which compression tie bars pass near the rear edge of the top and bottom panels. The space between the compression bars and the surface of the external face of the top, or of the bottom panel respectively, is important to facilitate the drainage of any residues of stored beverage or moisture, which prevents the formation of mould and deposits on the surface of the external face of the top or the bottom panel. This prevents liquid from being trapped in the space of the compression rods.
The invention essentially further discloses that the joints between the top panel and the front and rear panels and between the bottom panel and front and rear panels are four half-blind sliding half dovetail joints and that the joints between the front panel and the side panels and between the rear panel and the side panels are four chamfered dado joints. The advantage of the half-blind sliding half dovetail joint according to the invention over other commonly used joints is its self-sealing ability after soaking the wood with the stored liquid and maintaining the joint even after drying the wooden cask, and also the advantage of the chamfered dado joint is its self-sealing ability after soaking the wood with stored liquid.
A preferred arrangement of the compression rod passing below the bottom panel near the lower edge of the front panel is in a groove extending along the entire length of the lower edge of the front panel. The remaining compression rods passing below the bottom panel are preferably arranged at a distance from the surface of the external face thereof.
Preferably, each compression rod comprises two threaded ends, wherein a fixation means, in particular a nut provided with a washer or a fixation screw, is screwed to each threaded end, which results in strengthening the structure and function of the vertical beams as buttresses. To place the fixation means, there is a milled area in the horizontal through hole of the vertical beam on the outer side thereof, which allows the fixation means to be hidden inside the vertical beam, and thus allows better storage of two wooden casks arranged closer next to each other.
In a preferred embodiment, each half-blind sliding half dovetail joint comprises a half dovetail-shaped tail and a correspondingly half dovetail-shaped socket, wherein the half dovetail portion of each tail is oriented towards the external face of the bottom, front and/or rear panels, i.e. away or outwards from the internal storage volume. This arrangement ensures the sealing of the joints after soaking the wood with the stored liquid.
For the purpose of distinguishing, the individual components of these four half-blind sliding half dovetail joints are designated by attributes first to fourth. The first half-blind sliding half dovetail joint comprises a first half dovetail-shaped socket arranged on the internal face near the front edge of the top panel and a first half dovetail-shaped tail arranged on the upper edge of the front panel. The second half-blind sliding half dovetail joint comprises a second half dovetail-shaped socket arranged on the internal face near the rear edge of the top panel and a second half dovetail-shaped tail arranged on the upper edge of the rear panel. The third half-blind sliding half dovetail joint comprises a third half dovetail-shaped socket arranged on the internal face near the lower edge of the front panel and a third half dovetail-shaped tail arranged on the front edge of the bottom panel. The fourth half-blind sliding half dovetail joint comprises a fourth half dovetail-shaped socket arranged on the internal face near the lower edge of the rear panel and a fourth half dovetail-shaped tail arranged on the rear edge of the bottom panel.
In a preferred embodiment, each chamfered dado joint comprises a chamfered tail and a correspondingly chamfered socket, wherein the chamfered portion of each chamfered tail is oriented towards the external face of the front and/or rear panels, i.e. away or outwards from the internal storage volume. The chamfered dado joint is either a continuous though joint along the entire side edge of the front and/or rear panel, or a stopped joint near the lower edge of the front and/or rear panel.
For the purpose of distinguishing, the individual components of these four chamfered dado joints are designated by attributes first to fourth. The first chamfered dado joint comprises a first chamfered socket arranged on the internal face near the front edge of one of the side panels and a first chamfered tail arranged on one of side edges of the front panel. The second chamfered dado joint comprises a second chamfered socket arranged on the internal face near the rear edge of one of the side panels and a second chamfered tail arranged on one of side edges of the rear panel. The third chamfered dado joint comprises a third chamfered socket arranged on the internal face near the front edge of the other of the side panels and a third chamfered tail arranged on the other of side edges of the front panel. The fourth chamfered dado joint comprises a fourth chamfered socket arranged on the internal face near the rear edge of the other of the side panels and a fourth chamfered tail arranged on the other of side edges of the rear panel.
In a preferred embodiment, the top panel is inclined at an angle α in the range of 90.5° to 135°, in particular in the range of 90.5° to 100°, preferably e.g. 90.5°, 91°, 92°, 93°, 94°, 95°, 96°, 97°, 98°, 99° or 100° with respect to the internal side of the rear panel. Analogously, bottom panel is inclined at an angle β in the range of 90.5° to 135°, in particular in the range of 90.5° to 100°, preferably e.g. 90.5°, 91°, 92°, 93°, 94°, 95°, 96°, 97°, 98°, 99° or 100° with respect to the internal side of the rear panel. Particularly preferred values of the angles α and β are in the range of 92° to 96°, e.g. 94°. The inclination of the top panel makes it possible to ensure the highest point in the internal storage volume near the fill hole, which enables to fully control the content of residual air after filling the wooden cask with liquid. By analogy, the inclination of the bottom panel makes it possible to ensure the lowest place in the internal storage volume near the drain hole, whereby the wooden cask can be fully emptied without undesired residues of the stored liquid.
In a preferred embodiment, the dovetail angle γ of the half dovetail portion of each half dovetail-shaped tail with respect to the external face of the bottom, front and/or rear panels is in the range of 0.5° to 45°, in particular in the range of 5° to 25°, e.g. 5°, 6°, 7°, 8°, 9°, 10°, 11°, 12°, 13°, 14°, 15°, 16°, 17°, 18°, 19°, 20°, 21°, 22°, 23°, 24° or 25°. Particularly advantageous values of the angle γ are in the range 12° to 16°, e.g. 14°.
In a preferred embodiment, the chamfer angle δ of the chamfered portion of each chamfered tail with respect to the side edge of the front and/or rear panels is in the range of 91° to 179°, in particular in the range of 110° to 140°, e.g. 110°, 111°, 112°, 113°, 114°, 115°, 116°, 117°, 118°, 119°, 120°, 121°, 122°, 123°, 124°, 125°, 126°, 127°, 128°, 129°, 130°, 131°, 132°, 133°, 134°, 135°, 136°, 137°, 138°, 139° or 140°. Particularly preferred values of the angle δ are in the range 124° to 128°, e.g. 126°.
In a preferred embodiment, the fill hole is adapted to receive a fill neck terminated with a blinded nut with a cover, wherein a reverse (inverted) cone is arranged inside the fill neck, e.g. hollow or filled and made of wood, cork, silicone or stainless steel. Thanks to the reverse cone, excess liquid and air can be expelled from the internal storage volume, thus preventing aerobic processes during aging and storage of the beverage (e.g. wine oxidation). For even better venting, a de-aeration indentation is arranged between the fill hole and the corner of the internal face of the top panel and the internal face of the front panel on the internal face of the top panel, through which excess air or liquid can escape through the fill hole from the area of the first half-blind sliding half dovetail joint. Excess liquid can then run down the inclined top panel without being blocked by the compression rods. The fill hole is parallel in its vertical axis to the front panel, and not perpendicular to the inclined top panel.
In a preferred embodiment, the drain hole is threaded and adapted to receive a threaded neck, preferably fixed to the external face of the front panel by means of a flange. A cylindrical groove provided with a thread and adapted to receive a threaded neck is arranged in the internal face of the bottom panel near the front edge thereof, wherein the lower edge of the inner radius (diameter) of the threaded neck is in contact with and forms an uninterrupted continuation of the internal face of the bottom panel. The lower edge of the inner radius of the threaded neck thus forms the lowest point in the internal storage volume, whereby the liquid content of the internal storage volume is completely drained, so that no residual beverage is trapped in the area of the third half-blind sliding half dovetail joint. The drain hole is arranged in parallel to the lower edge of the front panel, and not in parallel to the inclined bottom panel. The threaded neck can be fitted with a plug, valve or other extension from the outside.
In a preferred embodiment, the top end of the vertical beam is fitted with a tenon and the bottom end of the vertical beam is fitted with a mortise to connect two vertical beams along their vertical axes, which allows the casks to be stored and stacked on top of each other. The tenon and the mortise are of conical frustum shape (a truncated cone) due to a better manipulable connection compared to cylindrical tenons and mortises.
The properties of the individual joints are significantly affected by the arrangement of the direction of the wood fibres in the individual panels, wherein the preferred arrangement of the wood fibres is perpendicular to the compression rods in the top and bottom panels, perpendicular to the vertical beams in the side panels and parallel to the side edges of the front and rear panels. The wooden cask is most often made of oak (or other) wood cut radially, so that after soaking the wood with liquid, the joints are stretched and sealed.
The top panel, bottom panel, front panel, rear panel and two side panels are constructed as battenboards made of strips joined with a longitudinal multiple tongue and groove joint. This longitudinal joint is formed (milled) along the entire length of the strips. The strips of the top and bottom panels are oriented perpendicular to the compression bars, the strips of both side panels are oriented perpendicular to the vertical beams and the strips of the front and rear panels are oriented parallel to their side edges, i.e. in accordance with the orientation of the wood fibres in individual panels. The multiple tongues and grooves themselves are formed by several interlocking teeth and comprise only right-angled faces without bevelled or chamfered surfaces, which advantageously ensures the expansion and sealing of said joints after soaking the wood with the stored liquid. The disadvantage of the bevelled or chamfered surfaces in this joint is their divergence after the wood has soaked up and the occurrence of leaks.
The wooden cask is assembled as follows:
The reusability of the wooden cask after the liquid has been discharged is ensured by the technology of deposit milling (e.g. tartar) and tanning the internal faces of the wooden casks, i.e. the surfaces that have come into contact with the stored liquid, by means of flame or infrared radiation. After this treatment, the thickness of the individual panels will be reduced when reused, and therefore it is advantageous to ensure an increase of the internal faces by approx. 1 to 6 mm (approx. 4 to 25%) during the first use of the wooden cask. This reuse is technologically demanding and unprofitable in the case of cylindrical barrels, and theoretically reduces the cost of producing one wooden cask (barrel) according to the invention by half.
The essence of the invention is further illustrated on the basis of exemplary embodiments which are described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, where:
These embodiments illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, which, however, have no limiting effect on the scope of protection.
Analogously,
The wooden cask according to the invention can be used for storing and aging wine and spirits. After disposal, the wooden cask can be disassembled, and the individual wooden parts used in furniture industry or for parquet production.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CZ2020/050071 | 9/29/2020 | WO |
