Patent Application
20080125742
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to wound mediating devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a wound mediating device using a pressurized fluid to serve as a propellant for the wound mediating substances.
2. Background of Related Art
Many surgical procedures are enhanced by the use of wound mediating substances to assist in the healing of tissue. The substances may include blood clotting factors, wound closing adhesives, growth factors, interleukins, cytokines, inflammatory mediating factors, chemokines, matrix-metalloproteinase or other biochemicals known to mediate wound healing. These wound mediating substances are typically expressed naturally in tissue after the surgery and wound healing can be enhanced through topical application of these substances. Application generally includes direct, manual application of the mediating substances to the appropriate area of the tissue.
Various surgical instruments are known for treating tissue. For example, surgical instruments used for tissue division, dissection, ablation, or for arresting blood loss and coagulation are well-known. In a particular application, for example a coagulation instrument, an electrode is used in conjunction with a heated probe to arrest bleeding. However, since the probe must come into close contact with the tissue, the probe may adhere to the tissue during probe removal and possibly cause repeat bleeding.
Some prior art devices include a tube-like coagulation instrument in which an ionizable gas is supplied to the instrument and ionized by the electrode. The atmosphere of ionized gases is beneficial because it helps focus and arc energy adjacent the electrode, displace oxygen from the area, and reduce oxidative stress of the tissue. The gas is propelled from the instrument toward the tissue.
However, energy based medical devices often rely on the body's own wound healing process as an integral element of their use. As noted above, wound mediating substances are often manually applied to the tissue after the surgery to mediate wound healing. This, however, requires direct contact of the applicator, i.e., wand, brush, probe, etc. to the tissue which may re-injure the previously operated on tissue.
There is disclosed a wound mediating device which generally includes a container, a slurry disposed with the container, a plurality of microbubbles suspended in the slurry, and a wound mediating substance encapsulated in the microbubbles. The device may also include a source of pressurized gas that directs a gas stream towards a tissue wound and associated with the container such that the slurry is movable into the gas stream.
The wound mediating substances may generally include an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antimicrobial agents, an antiseptics, a chemotherapy agent, a coagulant, a hormone, a cancer tumor adjuvant, a local anesthetic, a pain mediator, a vasoconstrictor, a wound closing adhesive, a blood clotting factor, a growth factor, an interleukin, a cytokines, an inflammatory mediating factor, a chemokine and a matrix-metalloproteinase.
The microbubbles may generally include one or more liposomes, micelles, and microspheres.
In one embodiment, there may also be provided a surgical instrument capable of providing the source of pressurized gas. In a particular embodiment, the surgical instrument is an electrosurgical instrument. In this embodiment, the source of pressurized gas is a source of pressurized argon gas.
In a particular embodiment, the container is removably attached to the surgical instrument.
There is also provided a wound mediating surgical instrument including a surgical instrument having an internal chamber. A fluid pressure source is attached to the surgical instrument and is in fluid communication with the internal chamber such that the fluid pressure source operable to provide a fluid stream through the internal chamber. In this embodiment, a wound mediating device is attached to the surgical instrument. The wound mediating device includes a container, a slurry disposed within the container, a plurality of microbubbles suspended within the slurry and a wound mediating substance that may be encapsulated within the microbubbles. In this embodiment, the slurry contained within the container is introduced into the internal chamber of the surgical instrument downstream of the fluid pressure source.
In this embodiment, the wound mediating device may also be removably attached to the surgical instrument.
In a particular embodiment, the surgical instrument is an electrosurgical instrument and the gas is argon.
There is also disclosed a method of treating a wound during surgery which includes encapsulating a wound mediating substance in microbubbles and suspending the microbubbles in a slurry. The slurry is disposed within a container and is drawn out of the container and into a fluid stream which is then directed towards a wound in tissue. The method may also include passing the fluid stream through a surgical instrument which provides a fluid pressure source for the fluid stream.
In this particular embodiment, directing the fluid stream may include propelling with a pressurized gas.
In some embodiments, the pressurized gas and the slurry are operatively combinable within a wound mediating instrument.
In some embodiments, the wound mediating substance is at least one of an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antimicrobial agents, an antiseptics, a chemotherapy agent, a coagulant, a hormone, a cancer tumor adjuvant, a local anesthetic, a pain mediator, a vasoconstrictor, a wound closing adhesive, a blood clotting factor, a growth factor, an interleukin, a cytokines, an inflammatory mediating factor, a chemokine and a matrix-metalloproteinase.
In some embodiments, the source of pressurized gas is argon.
Various embodiments of the presently disclosed wound mediating device are disclosed herein with reference to the drawings, wherein:
Embodiments of the presently disclosed wound mediating device will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings wherein like numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. As is common in the art, the term “proximal” refers to that part or component closer to the user or operator, i.e. surgeon or physician, while the term “distal” refers to that part or component further away from the user.
Referring initially to
Wound mediating substances 10 can take on any suitable form for use in connection with wound or tissue healing processes, and/or be applied in amounts sufficient to have a beneficial affect on one or more wounds. Non-limiting examples of wound mediating substances includes active agents such as antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory agents, antimicrobial agents, antiseptics, chemotherapy agents, coagulants, hormones, cancer tumor adjuvants, local anesthetics, pain mediators, vasoconstrictors, and combinations thereof. Furthermore, wound mediating substances 10 can include any individual or combination of blood clotting factors, wound closing adhesives, growth factors, interleukins, cytokines, inflammatory mediating factors, chemokines, matrix-metalloproteinase, or any suitable biochemicals to mediate wound healing. It is envisioned that combinations of these wound mediating substances can be used.
Non-limiting examples of antimicrobial agents include bacitracin, cerium nitrate-silver sulphadiazine, chlorhexidine, gentamicin, mafenide, mupirocin, nitrofurazone, norfloxacin, povidone iodine, sodium hypochloride, silver sulphadiazine, silver nitrate solution 0.5%, and/or other suitable antimicrobial used in wounds, and/or combinations thereof.
Non-limiting examples of antibacterial agents include ampicillin, cephalosporin, erythromycin, penicillin, polysporin, neosporin, tetracycline, and/or other suitable antibacterial used in wounds, and/or combinations thereof.
Non-limiting examples of chemotherapy agents include anthracyclines, cetuximab, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, diethylstilbestrol, doxorubicin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, paclitaxel (taxol), tamoxifen, topotecan, vincristine, and/or any other suitable chemotherapy agent, and/or combinations thereof.
Non-limiting examples of local anesthetics include benzocaine, dibucaine, dyclonine hydrochloride, lidocaine, pramoxine hydrochloride, tetracaine and/or any suitable local anesthetic and/or combinations thereof. It is envisioned that the salts and base forms of the esters and amides of these anesthetics can be suitable for use in accordance with the present disclosure. The local anesthetics can be administered by a variety of routes, and applied in amounts suitable to act on the nervous system and/or on nerve fiber.
Non-limiting examples of vasoconstrictors include antihistamines, adrenalin, angiotensins, arginine vasopressin, asymmetric dimethylarginine, caffeine, catecholamines, decongestants, endothelins, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, pseudoephadrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, thromboxane, or any composition capable of causing the narrowing of the blood vessels, and/or combinations thereof. Vasoconstrictors can be applied in amounts suitable to demonstrate vasoconstrictive activity.
Non-limiting examples of clotting factors include fibrin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, thrombospondin, or any suitable factors involved in the clotting cascade. Clotting factor can be applied in amounts suitable to demonstrate or facilitate blood clotting activity.
Non-limiting examples of cancer tumor adjuvants include taxanes, herceptin, trastuzamab, chemotherapy agents, hormones, and/or combinations of these agents. Cancer tumor adjuvants can be applied in amounts suitable to eradicate and/or reduce microscopic disease in the body, including portions of the body that do not have a tumor. Additional cancer tumor adjuvants include alpha-lipoic acid, arginine, carotenoids, cimetidine, clodronate, coenzyme Q10 and statin drugs, conjugated linoleic acid, cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, berberine containing herbs, feverfew, ginger, green tea, curcumin, dimethyl sulfoxide, essential fatty acids, garlic, glutamine, inositol hexaphosphate, lactoferrin, melatonin, N-acetyl-cysteine, selenium, silibinin, soy, theanine, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K, and/or combinations of these cancer tumor adjuvants.
Non-limiting examples of adhesives include cyanoacrylates, and/or other suitable adhesives used for wound closure or tissue coagulation, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, INDERMIL® brand topical skin adhesive from Tyco Healthcare LP may be used as a suitable adhesive. This adhesive can be applied in amounts sufficient to seal and/or close wounds. It is envisioned that the application of skin adhesive can promote wound closure by bonding two or more portions of skin together. Accordingly, adhesive can be applied in amounts suitable to bind portions of tissue.
Non-limiting examples of growth factors suitable for use in accordance with the present disclosure include fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), transforming growth factors (TGFs), platelet derived growth factors (PDGFs), nerve growth factor (NGF), or any other growth factor that influences wound healing, and/or combinations thereof.
In addition to those wound mediating substances specifically described hereinabove, any other suitable mediators capable of influencing wound healing are specifically contemplated herein.
It is envisioned that the wound mediating substances in accordance with the present disclosure can be incorporated into any suitable carrier or medium. For example, suitable wound mediating substances can be incorporated into microbubbles. Microbubbles can include any suitable delivery system which encapsulates a wound mediating substance. It is envisioned that the carrier can be microbubbles such as surfactant aggregates such as those selected to facilitate drug targeting, liposomes, micelles, microspheres, and/or combinations thereof. For example, wound mediating substance may be incorporated into any suitable liposome, micelle, and/or microsphere delivery system.
Liposomes are microscopic vesicles having a lipid wall including a lipid bilayer, and can be used as drug delivery systems in accordance with the present disclosure. In embodiments, such liposome formulations may be used for poorly soluble or insoluble active agents. Liposomal preparations for use in the present disclosure can include cationic, anionic, and neutral preparations. One non-limiting example of a suitable cationic liposomes is N[1-2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-triethylammonium (DOTMA) liposomes. Similarly, non-limiting examples of suitable anionic and neutral liposomes include phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, dioleoylphosphatidyl choline (DOPC), dioleoylphosphatidyl glycerol (DOPG), and dioleoylphoshatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE), and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, these materials can also be mixed with DOTMA in appropriate ratios.
As used herein, micelles include surfactant molecules arranged so that their polar headgroups form an outer spherical shell, while their hydrophobic, hydrocarbon chains are oriented towards the center of the sphere, forming a core. Non-limiting examples of surfactants useful for forming micelles include, but are not limited to, potassium laurate, sodium octane sulfonate, sodium decane sulfonate, sodium dodecane sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, docusate sodium, decyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecylammonium chloride, polyoxyl 8 dodecyl ether, polyoxyl 12 dodecyl ether, nonoxynol 10, nonoxynol 30, and combinations thereof. Micelle formulations can be used in conjunction with the present disclosure either by incorporation into wound mediating supply 18, or into a microbubble to be applied to the body surface.
In some embodiments, the microbubbles include microspheres suitable for use as drug delivery systems. Like liposomes and micelles, microspheres encapsulate a wound mediating substance, or formulation thereof. Microspheres are generally, although not necessarily, formed from synthetic or naturally occurring biocompatible polymers, but may also be comprised of charged lipids such as phospholipids. In embodiments, biodegradable microspheres prepared from natural and synthesized polymers used in drug delivery systems are suitable for use in accordance with the present disclosure. It is envisioned that the microspheres are preselected to, among other things, control the rate at which a drug is released to the body, control triggered release, and/or control targeted delivery.
Surfactant aggregates can be selected to facilitate drug targeting such as active and/or passive targeting. Further, the surfactant aggregates can be preselected to facilitate controlled release, triggered release, and/or targeted delivery such that the wound mediating substance is efficacious. For example, in some embodiments, a wound mediating substance and/or active ingredient in inert form may be combined or incorporated into a carrier such as a microspere. When the carrier ruptures, the inert active ingredient may become active and capable of acting as a wound mediating substance. It is envisioned that the rupturing of the carrier and/or the activation of an inert active ingredient can be controlled such as through the application of energy thereto. For example, ultrasound, heat, light, temperature variation, and/or combinations thereof can be applied to the carrier to rupture the surface thereof and/or activate the wound mediating substance therein. It is also envisioned that the carrier can be ruptured, and/or an inert wound mediating substance activated by an increase or decrease in pH around the surface of the carrier and/or wound mediating substance.
In some embodiments, the wound mediating substance may be provided with a pharmaceutically acceptable topical carrier. In this regard, the wound mediating substance/carrier formulation may be in any form suitable for application to the body surface. Non-limiting forms suitable for application to the body include cream, lotion, solution, gel, hydrogel, ointment, paste, or the like, and combinations thereof. Such formulations may also include liposomes, micelles, and/or microspheres. Such formulations may be aqueous, i.e., contain water, or may be nonaqueous and optionally used in combination with an overlayer. Such formulations can also include emulsions.
Referring now to
Wound mediating device 20 can be a self-contained instrument or can be connected to any generic surgical instrument utilizing a fluid flow system. As illustrated in
In this embodiment, a high pressure system 34 and a low-pressure system 36 may be associated with housing 30 depending upon the nature the surgical device being used therewith. As is common with fluid assisted surgical instruments, a flow regulator 38 may also be provided as part of the system.
As noted hereinabove, wound mediating device 20 includes wound mediating supply 18. In a particular embodiment, wound mediating supply 18 is removably affixed to housing 30 by means of a mount 40. A transfer tube 42 may be associated with either canister 16 or housing 30 to provide a vehicle for transferring slurry 14 contained in canister 16 into fluid flow stream 24.
As is common with fluid-assisted surgical instruments, wound mediating device 20 may have a first valve 44 for controlling the flow of pressure from pressure supply 22 through fluid flow channel 26. Wound mediating device 20 may include a second valve 46 for controlling the flow of slurry 14 into fluid flow channel 26. Additionally, wound mediating device 20 may also include an overpressure relief valve 48 to assist in regulating the fluid flow stream 24 provided by pressure supply 28.
Referring now to
During, or after completion of, the surgical procedure, second valve 46 is opened to provide a fluid flow stream 24 relative to wound mediating supply 18. Specifically, fluid flow stream 24 passes over transfer tube 42 to draw slurry 14 out of canister 16 and into flow stream 24 in a manner similar to that accomplished in other devices, such as, for example paint spray guns, etc. By regulating the opening of valve 46 the appropriate amount of slurry 14 can be metered into fluid flow stream 24. Thus, in this manner fluid flow stream 24 acts as a propellant to propel slurry 14, containing wound mediating substance 10 encapsulated in microbubbles, towards the tissue to facilitate healing of the tissue.
Wound mediating device 20 provides means of applying a wound mediating substance 10 to tissue without directly contacting the tissue with a physical or mechanical applicator of wound mediating substance 10. This ensures that the tissue at the wound site is not contaminated by the external applicator and that the external applicator does not do additional undesired damage to the tissue after the surgery has been completed.
Referring now to
Similarly, a pressure line 66 extends between pressure source 56 and electrosurgical instrument 52. Specifically a proximal end 68 of transfer line 66 is connected to pressure source 56 and a distal end 70 of pressure line 66 is connected to proximal end 64 of electrosurgical instrument 52. Pressure source 56, through pressure line 66, provides a source of fluid flow pressure to electrosurgical instrument 52. In this embodiment electrosurgical instrument 52 is a coagulation device. Pressure source 56 provides a gas, for example argon gas, to assist electrosurgical instrument 52 in the coagulation of tissue.
Electrosurgical instrument 52 includes a discharge port 72 located at a distal end 74 electrosurgical instrument 52. Discharge port 72 directs the electrical charge to tissue and allows for the presence of the argon gas flow to the tissue. In the illustrated embodiment, the first button 76 is provided on electrosurgical instrument 52 for controlling pressure source 56 while a second button 78 is provided on surgical instrument 52 for controlling the passage of slurry 14 (not explicitly shown) contained within canister 16 and into the argon gas flow stream.
In use, wound mediating supply 18 is initially attached to electrosurgical instrument 52. Thereafter, electrosurgical instrument 52 is utilized to coagulate tissue in known fashion. In conjunction with, or subsequent to, the coagulation of tissue second button 78 may be actuated to allow the gas stream flowing through electrosurgical instrument to draw slurry 14, (not explicitly shown) into the gas stream and propelled towards the tissue.
Referring now to
In use, electrosurgical instrument assembly functions in substantially the same way as that described in an above with regard to electrosurgical instrument 50. As illustrated in
In some embodiments, a tube may be attached to the discharge port 72 to facilitate delivery of the wound mediating substance. For example, referring now to
Referring now to
A flow tube 104 extends from pressure source 96 to electrosurgical instrument 92. A proximal end 106 of flow tube 104 is connected to pressure source 96 and a distal end 108 of flow tube 104 is connected to a proximal end 110 of housing 98. A second flow tube 112 extends through housing 98. A proximal end 114 of second flow tube 112 is connected to distal end 108 of flow tube 104. A discharge port 116 is located at a distal end 118 of second flow tube 112. Discharge port 116 is located proximally of second discharge port 100 in housing 98.
An active electrode 120 is positioned adjacent discharge port 100 in housing 98. Active electrode 120 is provided to ionize the argon gas supplied by pressure source 96 prior to being discharged from electrosurgical instrument 92. A transmission line 122 extends between pressure source 96 and electrosurgical instrument 92. A proximal end 124 extends into pressure source 96 and a distal end 126 terminates an active electrode 120. A second transmission line 128 is connected through pressure source 96 at its distal end to proximal end 124 of line 122. A proximal end 132 of second line 128 is connected to generator 94.
As is common with monopolar surgical instruments, electrosurgical instrument assembly 90 is also provided with a return pad 134 in contact with the tissue T. Line 136 extends from its proximal end 138, attached to generator 94, and has a distal end 140 connected to return pad 134.
Similar to previous embodiments electrosurgical instrument 92 is provided with a first button 142 to actuate electrosurgical instrument 92 and a second button 144 to control the transfer of wound mediating supply 18 into the argon gas flow stream. In this embodiment, wound mediating supply 18 is illustrated as a remote source of slurry 14. However, it is contemplated that this particular electrosurgical instrument could also use a detachable canister 16 that is directly affixed to electrosurgical instrument 92. A slurry line 146 extends from wound mediating supply 18 to electrosurgical instrument 92. Specifically, a proximal end 148 of slurry line 146 is connected to wound mediating supply 18. A distal end 144 of slurry line 146 is connected to electrosurgical instrument 92 through second button 144, which functions as a valve to permit slurry 14 into the argon gas flow stream.
In use, generator 94 provides an energy source to active electrode 120 to coagulate tissue at a wound site W. First button 142 is actuated to regulate the flow of an argon gas stream 150 through flow tube 112 towards discharge port 116. Active electrode 120 ionizes gas flow stream 150 as it is discharge towards wound W to coagulate tissue. As with prior embodiments, slurry 14 containing wound mediating substance 10 suspended therein by microbubbles 12 can be drawn into or otherwise inserted into gas flow stream 150 and directed towards tissue. Specifically, at the appropriate point during surgery, button 144 is depressed to meter the amount of slurry 14 flowing into gas flow stream 152. Slurry 14 may be introduced into gas stream 150 ahead of or behind the ionization of gas stream 152. As shown, once second button 144 is actuated to introduce slurry 14 into gas stream 150, a combined argon gas and atomized slurry 14 are propelled towards tissue to facilitate healing the tissue during the surgical procedure.
Referring to
The present wound mediating substances and microbubbles and/or vehicles containing them in accordance with the present disclosure can be contacted with tissue is amounts sufficient to treat the tissue. As used herein the word “treat,” “treating” or “treatment” refers to using the wound mediating substances, active ingredients and/or compositions of the present disclosure prophylactically to prevent wound formation or aggravation, or therapeutically to ameliorate an existing undesirable condition. A number of different treatments are now possible, which reduce and/or eliminate undesirable conditions.
As used herein “undesirable condition” refers to any detectable tissue manifestations caused by a wound or removal thereof. Such manifestations can appear due to a number of factors such as, for example, trauma and/or other diseased or dysfunctional state. Non-limiting examples of such manifestations include the development of cancer, inflammation, lesions, and/or other forms of tissue abnormality.
In embodiments, wound mediating substances for use in accordance with the present disclosure contain one or more active ingredients in an effective amount to improve undesirable conditions. As used herein “effective amount” refers to an amount of a wound mediating substance or composition having one or more active ingredients such as an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antimicrobial agents, an antiseptics, a chemotherapy agent, a coagulant, a hormone, a cancer tumor adjuvant, a local anesthetic, a pain mediator, a vasoconstrictor, a wound closing adhesive, a blood clotting factor, a growth factor, an interleukin, a cytokines, an inflammatory mediating factor, a chemokine and a matrix-metalloproteinase, and combinations of these active agents in amounts sufficient to induce a particular positive benefit to the wound or tissue adjacent thereto. The positive benefit can be health-related. In embodiments, the positive benefit is achieved by contacting tissue with a coagulation protein to promote clotting and closure of the excised tissue. In embodiments, the positive benefit is achieved by contacting tissue with a vasoconstrictor to reduce bleeding. In embodiments, the positive benefit is achieved by contacting tissue with a chemotherapeutic agent to kill cancerous cells. In embodiments, the positive benefit is achieved by sealing a wound with an adhesive. It is envisioned that numerous positive benefits can be achieved.
In some embodiments, the cancer tumor adjuvants and/or chemotherapeutic agents can be administered to a patient during a radiofrequency ablation procedure using the device and methods in accordance with the present disclosure. For example, standardized RF ablation can be combined with liposomal doxorubicin and one or more chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, or 5-fluorouracil to treat one or more wounds or tumors. It is envisioned that any of the wound mediating substances described herein, can be used alone, or in combination to facilitate wound healing immediately after a standard RF ablation.
It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. For example, and as noted above, the disclosed wound mediating supply and wound mediating devices may be utilized with other devices having fluid propellants to direct the wound mediating substances towards tissue. Further, the disclose slurry containing the wound mediating substance can be provided in a variety of containers, including those specifically and are integral to the surgical instrument associated with its use. Additionally, the wound mediating substances need not be encapsulated in microbubbles suspended in a slurry but may be provided for in other forms capable of being propelled towards tissue. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
