The present invention relates to a yarn feeder provided with a stationary drum and with a controlled, weft-braking device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As known, a yarn feeder for textile/knitting lines typically comprises a stationary drum on which a motorized flywheel winds a plurality of yarn loops forming a well reserve. Upon request from a downstream machine, e.g., a loom, the loops are unwound from the drum and, before reaching the machine, the yarn passes through a weft-braking device that influences the tension of the unwinding yarn.
A typical weft-braking device may comprise a hollow, frustoconical braking member, which is biased with its inner surface against the delivery end of the stationary drum in order to pinch the unwinding yarn and brake it by friction.
A weft-braking device of the above-mentioned type can apply a static, adjustable braking action to the yarn or, according to the teachings of EP 1717181 B1 of Applicant, it can be operatively connected to electronically controlled driving means capable of applying a modulated braking action which maintains the yarn tension at a desired level, in order to reduce the risk of yarn breakage, to prevent defects in the finished products, and to optimize the production yield.
In more detail, in EP 1717181 B1 the frustoconical member is supported by a spider-assembly of springs which have one end connected to the smaller end of the frustoconical member and the opposite end connected to an annular support. The annular support, in turn, is supported at two diametrically opposite positions by the operative rods of two linear electromagnetic actuators attached to the body of the yarn feeder and acting in directions parallel to the axis of the drum. The electromagnetic actuators are driven by a position control loop to modulate the action of the frustoconical member against the drum, as mentioned above.
An advantage of the above-mentioned braking system is that it does not require frequent cleaning operations because the dust and paraffine generated by the yarn running between the braking surfaces are swept away by the swivel movement of the yarn unwinding from the drum.
However, the above-mentioned device has the drawback that it is relatively complex—and therefore expensive—to manufacture both from the mechanical point of view and in relation to the dedicated power electronics required.
Also, the electromagnetic drive is not entirely satisfactory in terms of reaction times, because the excitation times of the coils are notoriously non-negligible and the movable masses involved are considerable, thereby resulting in a high inertia.
In addition, the electromagnetic drive requires high currents and, therefore, high power, with consequent disadvantages in terms of energy consumption, especially in view of the fact that a conventional textile/knitting line often makes use of dozens of feeders for a single downstream machine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is a main object of the present invention to provide a yarn feeder provided with a stationary drum and with a weft-braking device which is easy to manufacture, both from the mechanical point of view and in relation to the power electronics, and which has considerably faster reaction times and operates with lower currents with respect to systems using electromagnetic actuators, in order to generally reduce the energy comsumption.
The above object and other aims, which will better appear from the following description, are achieved by the yarn feeder having the feature recited in claim 1, while the dependent claims state other advantageous, though secondary, features of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be now described in more detail with reference to a few preferred, non-exclusive embodiments, shown by way of non-limiting example in the attached drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a yarn feeder provided with a stationary drum, on which a weft-braking device according to a first embodiment of the invention is installed;
FIG. 2 shows a detail of FIG. 1 to an enlarged scale;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the yarn feeder of FIG. 1, wherein certain components of the weft-braking device have been removed for better clarity;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a component of the weft-braking device of the yarn feeder of FIG. 3 separately;
FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of the yarn feeder of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 along line VI-VI;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 along line VII-VII;
FIG. 8 is a transverse, cross-sectional view which separately shows a component of the weft-braking device according to the invention;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a weft-braking device for a yarn feeder provided with a stationary drum, in a first alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 3 and showing the weft-braking device in a second alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view which separately shows a component of the weft-braking device of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is an axial, cross-sectional view of the weft-braking device of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a modified version of the component of FIG. 11 in a third alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14 is an axial, cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 12 but referring to the weft-braking device of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 3 and showing the weft-braking device in a fourth alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 16 is an axial, cross-sectional view of the weft-braking device of FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a perspective view which separately shows a component of the weft-braking device of FIG. 15;
FIG. 18 is an axial, cross-sectional view of a weft-braking device for a yarn feeder provided with a stationary drum, in a fifth alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 19 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 3 and showing the weft-braking device in a sixth alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 20 is an axial, cross-sectional view of the weft-braking device of FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a plan view which separately shows a component of the weft-braking device of FIG. 19.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With initial reference to FIGS. 1-6, a yarn feeder 10 of the type referred to in the present invention comprises a stationary drum 12, on which a flywheel 14 driven by a motor 16 winds a plurality of loops of yarn Y forming a weft reserve S. Upon request from a downstream machine (not shown) such as a loom, the loops are unwound from drum 12 and pass through a weft-braking device 18 supported by an arm 20 projecting from the motor housing of the feeder. Weft-braking device 18 controls the tension of the yarn in order to preserve a desired value.
Weft-braking device 18 comprises a hollow frustoconical member 26, which is biased with its inner surface against delivery edge 12a of drum 12 (FIG. 6) thereby pinching the unwinding yarn Y. In more detail, the smaller end 26a of frustoconical member 26 is sandwiched between an inner locking ring 27a and an outer locking ring 27b which are anchored to each other by respective restraint edges 27′a, 27′b. Frustoconical member 26 is elastically supported at the middle of an annular support 28 via a spider-assembly of springs 29 which have their inner ends anchored to outer locking ring 27b and their outer ends anchored to annular support 28. Annular support 28, in turn, is anchored to a sled 30 provided with a support ring 30a engaged by annular support 28. Slide 30 is longitudinally movable upon control of a screw mechanism 32 of a conventional type in the field, which is housed within arm 20 and is manually operable by a knob 34 to adjust the pressure applied at rest by hollow frustoconical member 26 to drum 12.
Frustoconical hollow member 26 is operatively connected to a piezoelectric-based axial driving device 46 (shown separately in FIG. 4) which is controlled in such a way as to maintain the yarn tension at a desired level.
Axial driving device 46 is supported by a pair of guide bars 48a, 48b (FIG. 2) projecting in a direction parallel to the axis of the drum from a bracket 50 integral with arm 20, and comprises a support plate 52 provided with a pair of bushes 52a, 52b which slidably engage guide bars 48a, 48b upon control of a second screw mechanism. The second screw mechanism comprises an actuating rod 54, which is pivotally received in a bore 56 of bracket 50 and is provided with a threaded end 54a, which engages a threaded hole 58 formed in support plate 52, as well as with an opposite, knob-shaped end 60, and with an intermediate groove 62 that is radially engaged by a screw 63 (FIG. 2) inserted into bracket 50 in order to prevent the actuating rod from moving axially. Accordingly, actuating rod 54 is manually operable by knob 60 to adjust the longitudinal position of axial driving device 46 as a function of the thickness of the yarn, as will be described in more detail later.
With particular reference to FIG. 6, support plate 52 has a through hole 64 coaxial to drum 12, in which a hollow rod 66 is slidably received. The end 66a facing drum 12 of hollow rod 66 has a flange 67 which axially engages outer locking ring 27b in order to axially push frustoconical member 26 against drum 12. Flange 67 has an outer annular portion 67a connected to an inner annular portion 67b of hollow rod 66 via a plurality of spokes such as 67c. A plurality of columns 69 longitudinally project from outer annular portion 67a towards drum 12, via which flange 67 axially engages outer locking ring 27b.
A circular cover 68 applied to the surface facing away from drum 12 of support plate 52, has a tubular projection 70 which axially extends into hollow rod 66. Tubular projection 70 has an inlet yarn-guide eyelet 72 and an outlet yarn-guide eyelet 74 received at its opposite ends.
With particular reference to FIG. 6, hollow rod 66 is axially movable upon control of a piezoelectric bending actuator 76 that is shaped as a rectangular plate adapted to bend in response to a voltage applied to it. Piezoelectric actuator 76 has an inner end 76a which engages a circumferential groove 78 formed on hollow rod 66, and an opposite, outer end 76b attached to the free end of an arm 80 which radially projects from support plate 46. Accordingly, when piezoelectric actuator 76 bends, it pushes rod 66—and consequently frustoconical member 26—towards delivery edge 12a of drum 12.
As shown in FIG. 7, a pin 82 inserted in a hole 84 of support plate 52 engages an opening 86 of hollow 66 for both locking the rotation of the rod and limiting its stroke in both directions.
FIG. 8 shows in detail a transverse cross section of piezoelectric actuator 76, which is preferably of a multilayer, monolithic type. As known, this type of piezoelectric actuator consists of a plurality of layers of a piezoelectric material 88 (typically, a ceramic material) alternating with layers of a conductive material 90, which act as electrodes for the actuator and are alternately positive and negative. All the layers are typically interconnected by sintering, and the stack of layers formed as above is provided with an outer lining 92 of an insulating material.
Alternatively, a piezoelectric actuator of the so-called “bimorph” type can be used, i.e., of the type only comprising two layers of piezoelectric material alternating with electrode layers.
The piezoelectric actuator is operatively connected to a control circuit (not shown) which is programmed to adjust the braking action in such a way as to maintain it constant on a predetermined value, e.g., by means of a control loop, either on the basis of signals received from a tension sensor arranged downstream of the yarn feeder, or on the basis of predetermined values, by means of techniques which are conventional in the field and, therefore, will not be further described.
The operation of the weft-braking device will be now described.
The yarn unwinding from drum 12 runs between frustoconical member 26 and delivery edge 12a of the drum, so that it is subject to a braking action by friction which depends on the voltage applied to piezoelectric bending actuator 76. Such voltage is properly modulated by the control circuit as mentioned above, so that the yarn tension is maintained constant on a predetermined value.
As the skilled person will appreciate, while running between frustoconical member 26 and delivery edge 12a of drum 12, the yarn rotates with a swivel movement which tangentially “sweeps” the surfaces of the two parts, thereby keeping them clean.
Using a monolithic, multilayer piezoelectric actuator instead of a piezoelectric actuator of a different type, e.g., an actuator having only two layers, is preferable, though not indispensable; in fact, as well known to the person skilled in the art, in the first case the thickness of each piezoelectric layer is lower by at least an order of magnitude, which circumstance, for equal voltage applied to the single layer, ensures a stronger magnetic field and, consequently, a higher deformation. In addition, the multilayer technology offers higher performance in terms of sensibility and reactivity even at low voltage and is mechanically more reliable with respect to the technology based on two layers.
It has been found in practice that the reaction times of a piezoelectric braking system according to the invention can be even faster by one order of magnitude with respect to a conventional electromagnetic system.
In a first alternative embodiment of the invention, shown in FIG. 9, axial driving device 146 is provided with two piezoelectric bending actuators 176′, 176″ acting simultaneously on the hollow rod, thereby increasing the braking force. The piezoelectric actuators 176′, 176″ are connected to respective forked arms 180′, 180″ projecting radially from support plate 146 to diametrically opposite directions, and engage circumferential groove 178 of hollow rod 166 at opposed positions.
In a second alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 10-12, axial driving device 246 is provided with three piezoelectric bending actuators 276′, 276″, 276′″ acting simultaneously on hollow rod 266, in order to further increase the braking force applied to yarn Y. With this embodiment, axial driving device 246 comprises a support member 252 (shown separately in FIG. 11) having a rigid middle portion 268 provided with a tubular projection 270 which axially extends into hollow rod 266 and, similarly to the previous embodiments, has an inlet eye-guide eyelet 272 and an outlet eye-guide eyelet 274 received at its opposite ends. Three equally-spaced rigid arms 280′, 280″, 280′″ projecting radially from middle portion 268 have their free ends attached to the outer ends such as 276′b (FIG. 12) of the piezoelectric bending actuators 276′, 276″, 276″. The inner ends such as 276′ of the piezoelectric bending actuators 276′, 276″, 276″ engage a circumferential groove 278 of a sleeve 279; the latter being monolithically connected to middle portion 268 via three radial counter-arms 281′, 281″, 281′″, which are equally-spaced at diametrically opposite positions with respect to rigid arms 280′, 280″, 280′″, and are designed to be yielding in the longitudinal direction. To this purpose, each of the counter-arms 281′, 281″, 281′″ has a structure which is kinematically similar to an articulated quadrilateral, with two radial arms 281′a, 281′b (FIG. 12) which are mutually spaced in the axial direction and have their inner ends monolithically connected in a yielding manner to middle portion 268 and to sleeve 279 respectively, via respective thinned portions 281′c, 281′d acting as hinges. The outer ends of radial arms 281′a, 281′b are interconnected by a longitudinal arm 281′e via further thinned portions 281T, 281′g.
Flange 267 is monolithically formed at the end of hollow rod 266 facing the braking member. The opposite end narrows into a neck 266b defining an annular abutment 266c, which is firmly received within sleeve 279.
With this embodiment, the axial movement applied by piezoelectric bending actuators 276′, 276″, 276′″ to hollow rod 266 is guided by the three yielding counter-arms 281′, 281″, 281″.
A third alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 13, 14 differs from the last one only in that each of the three yielding counter-arms 381′, 381″, 381′″ consists of an U-bent flexible plate, e.g., a metal plate, which has one end connected to middle portion 368 and the opposite end connected to sleeve 379.
A fourth alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS. 15-17, which differs from the previous embodiments in the following features.
Axial driving device 446 is provided with two piezoelectric bending actuators 476′, 476″, which have their outer ends 476′b, 476″b attached to the outer ends of respective rigid forked arms 480′, 480″ projecting radially from a middle portion 468 to diametrically opposite directions. In addition, hollow rod 466 (which is identical to the one of the last embodiment) is supported by a flexible band 481, e.g., a metal plate, which is separately shown in FIG. 17, so that it can swing axially. Flexible band 481 has a middle opening 481a in which the narrow end portion 466b of hollow rod 466 is inserted, and two opposite, pre-bent wings 481′, 481″ which are attached to the ends of rigid arms 480′, 480″ on the side opposite to the actuators. Flexible band 481 is sandwiched between annular abutment 466c of hollow rod 466 and a nut 479 which is provided with a circumferential groove 478 engaged by the inner ends 476′a, 476″a of piezoelectric actuators 476′, 476″.
FIG. 18 shows a fifth alternative embodiment, in which axial driving device 546 comprises a support plate 552 which is arranged at right angles to the axis of drum 12 and has a depression 553 on its surface facing the drum. A tubular projection 570 axially projects from the bottom of depression 553 and, similarly to the previous embodiments, has an inlet yarn-guide eyelet 572 and an outlet yarn-guide eyelet 574 respectively received at its opposite ends. A hollow rod 566 is slidable on the tubular projection and has flange 567 monolithically formed at its end facing drum 12. Hollow rod 566 is axially movable upon control of a pair of counterposed, annular piezoelectric bending actuators 576′, 576″ having a spacer ring 577 sandwiched between their outer edges. One of the actuators 576′ engages a groove 566b formed at the end of hollow rod 566 facing away from second plate 544, and abuts against the annular abutment 566c defined by the groove itself. The other actuator 576′ engages an annular step 570b formed at the end of tubular projection 570b connected to the bottom of depression 553 and abuts against a respective annular abutment 570c defined by the step itself.
As known, an annular piezoelectric bending actuator may have a layered structure similar to a piezoelectric bending actuator having a rectangular profile, e.g., and preferably, a monolithic multilayer structure. When a voltage is applied, the annular piezoelectric actuator bends as shown by dashed line L in FIG. 18, with its inner annular edge 576′a, 576″a and its outer annular edge 576′a, 576″a which axially move away from each other. Therefore, by arranging the actuators as shown in FIG. 18, i.e., in such a way that they bend to opposite directions, their activation causes braking member 526 to be pushed against the drum.
FIGS. 19-21 show a sixth alternative embodiment of the invention, in which hollow rod 666 is supported by a pair of coaxial, annular elastic diaphragms 681′, 681″, which are received in a through opening 664 formed in a support plate 652 similar to the one shown in the second embodiment of FIG. 9. Also in this case, similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 9, two piezoelectric bending actuators 676′, 676″ are provided, which are connected to respective forked arms 680′, 680″ projecting radially from support plate 646 to diametrically opposite positions. Flange 667 is monolithically formed at the end of hollow rod 666 facing the braking member. The opposite end narrows into a neck 666b defining an annular abutment 666c. Diaphragms 681′, 681″ are fitted on neck 666b of hollow rod 666, with interposition of a spacer 677, and are axially sandwiched between annular abutment 666c and a nut 669. The outer edges of diaphragms 681′, 681″ are locked in respective annular seats 683′, 683″ which are formed at the opposite ends of through opening 664, by a locking ring 685 and a cover 668 respectively, which are connected to each other by longitudinal screws 689 (FIG. 19). Similarly to the first two embodiments, a tubular projection 670 projecting axially from cover 668 is inserted into hollow rod 666 and has an inlet yarn-guide eyelet 672 and an outlet yarn-guide eyelet 674 respectively received at its opposite ends. A circumferential groove 678 formed on spacer 677 is engaged by the inner ends of piezoelectric bending actuators 676′, 676″.
FIG. 21 separately illustrates an elastic diaphragm 681 of a conventional type as used in this embodiment. As shown, the diaphragm has an inner annular portion 681a and an outer annular portion 681b which are interconnected via a middle annular portion that is elastically yielding in virtue of concentric arched grooves, such as 681c, 681d, 681e, which are interconnected via alternate radial grooves 681f.
A few preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein, but of course many changes may be made by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the claims. In particular, although piezoelectric bending actuators having a monolithic, multilayer structure are preferable, bimorph actuators (i.e., actuators having only two layers) could be sufficient for certain applications. Moreover, with all the above-described embodiments the movable, operative end of the piezoelectric actuator directly acts on the hollow rod (or on a body integral to the hollow rod) in a substantial longitudinal direction; however, depending on the circumstances, transmission means, as devised by the person skilled in the art, could be interposed. In addition, it should be understood that, with slight constructional changes, the piezoelectric actuator could have its inner end/edge fixed and push the braking member with its outer end, contrary to what has been described in the above embodiments. Of course, the groove engaged by the operative end of the piezoelectric actuator in the above-described embodiments could be replaced by other engage means, e.g., hinges and the like, as devised by a person skilled in the art. The braking member which engages the delivery edge of the drum could also have a profile which is not exactly frustoconical, e.g., a slightly rounded profile and the like, and could be made of various materials, e.g., natural/synthetic bristles or moulded synthetic materials having a continuous surface as shown in the Figures. Moreover, in the various embodiments described above the hollow rod could have a different shape provided that it is capable of operating as a pusher which longitudinally engages the braking member. Although some of the described embodiments do not show the connection between the brake driving means and arm 20, it is evident that simple adaptations, which will be obvious to a person skilled in the art, are required to use the same adjustable support system shown, e.g., in the first embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, with two bushes 52a, 52b integral to stationary support 52 and slidable on longitudinal guide bars 48a, 48b upon control of a screw mechanism or other conventional adjusting means. Moreover, the embodiments provided with three arms and three counter-arms could be modified to make use of only two, or four or even more, arms and/or counter arms.
The disclosures in Italian Patent Application No. TO2011A001218 from which this application claims priority are incorporated herein by reference.
Patent Application
20130168480
