The invention relates to a mooring system for a floating structure, such as a vessel, comprising a mooring structure, such as a buoy, a further floating structure or a fixed tower, having a turntable rotatable around a vertical axis, and a connection structure adapted to provide a connection between the floating structure and the mooring structure, the connection structure comprising one rigid arm assembly and tension members wherein the rigid arm is provided with two ballast weights and wherein the rigid arm and the tension members at one end are hingedly interconnected and at their other ends are adapted to be connected to the mooring structure and the floating structure respectively or reverse.
The invention also relates to a damping device for such a mooring system and to an offshore transfer system having such a mooring device.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,610,934, that was filed by the applicant, describes an offshore transfer system comprising an articulated yoke mooring system having a first structure with a vertical first arm and a second arm and a damping mechanism acting on the second arm for damping movement of the second arm around the articulation joint between the two arms upon transition of the second arm from an operative position to an inoperative position after disconnecting the releasable connector from a second structure. In the present invention the damping device relates to a damping device counteracting motions due to roll, pitch and yaw on the mooring system when connected in the operative position.
The international patent application WO2007096019, discloses a system having a connection structure adapted to provide a connection between a floating structure, and a mooring structure having a turntable rotatable around a vertical axis of the mooring structure. A rigid arm assembly and a set of pendulums are located at one end of the connection structure. In this prior art, a damping system damps the swinging motion of the pendulums. The damping system comprises a tank having dimensions and containing a predetermined amount of liquid such that the liquid is adapted to move in the tank due to the swinging motion of the pendulum members. This results in a liquid wave or travelling water bullet providing slamming impact and inertia forces creating a tank reaction force that is counteracting the swinging motion of the pendulum members thereby causing damping of the swinging motion of the pendulum members.
However in this solution the damping is only efficient once the acceleration of the trapped fluid is sufficient. Further, using a sloshing force (water displacement due to wave propagation) and slamming forces as damping forces, results in large structural loads in the system. In fact, the forces created within the tank are huge and hence the system has to be robust enough to withstand repeated strong impacts. The sloshing tanks further have several response modes and can thus provoke spurious excitation. Another disadvantage of this known solution is that the water level in the tanks shall be low, so that large tank footprints are required.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved, more efficient damping system having a smaller footprint which is also easier to design as the damping fluid's behavior is controlled. It is a further object of the present invention is to provide a mooring system for a floating structure, such as a vessel, comprising a mooring structure, such as a buoy, a further floating structure or a fixed tower, having a turntable rotatable around a vertical axis, and a connection structure adapted to provide a connection between the floating structure and the mooring structure, the connection structure comprising one rigid arm assembly and tension members wherein the rigid arm is provided with two ballast weights and wherein the rigid arm and the tension members at one end are hingedly interconnected and at their other ends are adapted to be connected to the mooring structure and the floating structure respectively or reverse, wherein the rigid arm comprises a damping system, the damping system comprising at least two separated liquid tanks that are partly filled with liquids and placed at the same distance from the vertical axis, the tanks are fluidly connected with each other so that liquid can be exchanged between the tanks to damp a swinging motion of the rigid arm around the vertical axis of the turntable. The principle of the present invention is not based on sloshing but on the displacement of mass from one tank to the other via a connecting channel. In the present invention, the damping system uses inertia forces (water displacement within a tube) as damping forces. The system takes advantage of the yoke width to travel the water and has a single response mode that is tuned at the yoke oscillations natural frequency.
The invention will be further described below in connection with exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein
a shows a known damping system to counteract the movement due to disconnection from the mooring system, comprising communicating U-tubes,
b shows a known damping system to counteract the movement due to disconnection from the mooring system comprising a moving solid mass,
a shows the two tanks of the damping deice according to the present invention interconnected via a connecting channel, and
b and 6c show a U-tube tank and its geometric parameters.
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a and 3b both show a known damping system to counteract the movement due to disconnection from the mooring system, each using a particular principle.
a shows a U-tube damping construction, wherein a horizontal channel 157 is attached to two transverse channels 158, 159. The transverse channels 158, 159 are equipped with an air-flow control valve 160 in an interconnecting air duct 161 which controls air flow between the tubes 158, 159. When the A-frame 150 is disconnected from the vessel, the liquid will flow from the tube 158 to the lowered tube 159. When the counterweight 16, 16′ is ascending, the flow of liquid in the channels 157, 158 and 159 will generate a counteracting inertia which will dampen the oscillatory motion. The frequency of the motion of the liquid in the channels 157-159 can be determined by the cross section of the channels and by opening and closing of the air-flow control valve 160.
In
The vertical mooring arms 41, 41′ are at their upper ends connected to the support structure 21 in articulation joints 221, 221′ allowing rotation of the arms 41, 41′ around a transverse axis 231 and a longitudinal axis 241. At the coupling end part 251, the arm parts, 51, 51′ are provided with the mechanical connector 130 allowing rotation around a vertical axis 260 (yaw), a longitudinal axis 270 (roll) and a transverse axis 280 (pitch). The mechanical connector is not shown in detail but may be formed by a construction such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,978 in the name of the applicant, which is incorporated herein by reference.
During yaw-movements of the vessel 1, a good control and sufficient yaw-stiffness is achieved by the arm parts, 51, 51′ connected to the counterweights 61, 61′. Yaw displacement (in the horizontal plane) of the LNG-carrier will be counteracted by a restoring moment created by the counterweights 61, 61′. By separating the mooring function and the fluid transfer function, a simplified and proven cryogenic transfer system (not shown) can be achieved using state of the art components and resulting in reduced and simplified maintenance.
In those figures it is clearly shown that the rigid arm parts, 51, 51′ comprise a damping system, the damping system comprising at least two separated liquid tanks 70, 70′ that are partly filled with liquids and placed at the same distance from the horizontal central axis 100. The tanks are fluidly connected with each other so that liquids can be exchanged between the tanks 70, 70′ to damp a swinging motion of the rigid arm parts, 51, 51′ around the vertical axis of the turntable 80.
The damping system is provided at the interconnected ends of the rigid arm parts, 51, 51′ and tension members 41, 41′.
According to the invention, the two interconnected liquid tanks 70, 70′ are interconnected via a connecting channel 71 having a free surface such that the damping liquid is flowing from side-to-side with the proper phase to reduce motions created on the tension members 41, 41′. The connecting channel is oriented around a substantially horizontal axis.
For clarity reasons the transfer system is not shown in the figures, but pipes are attached to the mechanical connector 130. Transfer pipes are connected to the support structure 21 in articulation joints and can pivot around a substantially longitudinal axis. The pipes are connected to the mechanical connector 130 in articulation joints and can pivot around a longitudinal, a transverse and a vertical axis. The pipes can move independently of the mooring arms 41, 41′, 51, 51′.
a shows the two tanks of the damping device according to the present invention interconnected via a connecting channel. In the present invention the damping liquid is movable from one tank to the other as in a U-tube, the mass of the damping liquid being accelerated due to the yaw effect of the floating structure. Such a configuration enables to have a single mode of response on the damping system; the displacement is done in a controlled manner. With this configuration it is possible to simply monitor the “U-tube” flow rate. In another embodiment, the tanks and connecting channel are integrated within the ballast weight of the rigid arm.
In
Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated herein, it is recognized that modifications and variations may readily occur to those skilled in the art, and consequently, it is intended that the claims be interpreted to cover such modifications and equivalents.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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11157955.3 | Mar 2011 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP12/52176 | 2/9/2012 | WO | 00 | 9/26/2013 |