Patent Application
20240101499
The present invention relates to a zeolite catalyst, a process for preparation and application thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to a Si/Al zeolite catalyst with cubical morphology for one pot synthesis of ethers as a catalyst.
Ethers, such as dimethyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether, are known as attractive candidates for fuel additives because of their ability to reduce soot formation during the combustion process. Dimethoxy ethane, known as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, attracts increasing interest in recent years because of its advantageous properties (high energy density and cetane number). It also shows excellent solubility, widely used as green solvent and good etherification agent in cosmetics, perfumes, pharmaceuticals and especially applied in batteries and electrolyte.
Glycol ethers, which are also commonly known as glymes, are used as aprotic solvents in a variety of applications. Glymes can be produced by a variety of methods, but are conventionally produced in commercial quantities via the Williamson synthesis or via a reaction that involves the cleavage of epoxides.
In the Williamson synthesis, a monoalkyl polyalkylene glycol is treated with a base or an alkali metal, typically molten Sodium, to form an alkoxide ion, which is then reacted with an alkyl halide such as methyl chloride to form the glyme. The by-products from the Williamson synthesis are hydrogen gas and a salt.
US2004044253A1 discloses a method of producing glycol ethers which are also commonly known as glymes. The method includes contacting a glycol with a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a polyperfluoro sulfonic acid resin catalyst under conditions effective to produce the glyme. The method can be used to produce, for example, monoglyme, ethyl glyme, diglyme, ethyl diglyme, triglyme, butyl diglyme, tetraglyme, and their respective corresponding monoalkyl ethers. The document also provides a method of producing 1,4-dioxane from mono- or diethylene glycol and tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butanediol.
EP0186815A1 discloses process for the preparation of glycol alkyl ethers. Glycols are reacted with alkanols and/or dialkyl ethers as etherifying agents in the presence of Lewis acids as catalysts, and the glycol monoalkyl ether, glycol dialkyl ether or a mixture of the two glycol ethers are recovered from the reaction product which mainly comprises glycol monoalkyl ether and glycol dialkyl ether, unconverted glycol and unreacted etherifying agent. In this process, relatively few unusable by-products such as dioxane are formed.
All above-mentioned prior arts disclose homogeneous acid catalysts and medium or large pore zeolite, which operates either in batch or in continuous mode but not in both. These catalysts give maximum 1,2 dimethoxy ethane/glyme of 95% (polyperfluoro sulfonic acid resin) in batch process and 74% (medium and large pore zeolite) in continuous process with ethylene glycol conversion level of 90 to 96%.
In the present invention, small pore zeolite of 0.5 to 0.6 μm pore diameter having cubical morphology can use in batch as well as in continuous mode and give up to 100% selective formation of 1,2 dimethoxy ethane/glyme. The present catalyst can be used for different substrates such as ethylene glycol, 2-methoxy ethanol, propylene glycol and methanol, ethanol, propanol, octanol etc at conversion level up to 100%.
The main objective of the present invention is to provide a zeolite catalyst, H-SSZ-13.
One more objective of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of the zeolite catalyst.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a process for etherification by using the zeolite catalyst.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a zeolite catalyst H-SSZ-13, wherein said catalyst is characterized by a cubical morphology, pore diameter of the catalyst is in the range of 0.5 to 0.6 μm, pore volume of the catalyst is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 cc/g, surface area of the catalyst is in the range of 500 to 700 m2/g, and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio in the catalyst is in the range of 30 to 200.
In an embodiment of the present invention, said catalyst is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
In another embodiment, present invention provides a one pot process for the synthesis of an ether comprising the step of:
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a one pot process for the synthesis of an ether, wherein said first substrate is an alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol (MME) and 2-ethoxyethanol and the second substrate is an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol and octanol.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, said ether is selected from 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) or diethoxy ethane (DEE).
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, selectivity of the said ether is in the range of 30-100% and conversion of said substrate is in the range of 20-90%.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a binder is used in the fixed bed continuous operation, wherein content of the binder with respect to the catalyst is in the range of 0-50% and wherein said binder is selected from alumina, or silica or mixture thereof.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, shape of said catalyst is extrudates, pellets or tablets and wherein size of the catalyst in a continuous operation is 1 mm×1 mm to 5 mm×5 mm and said catalyst is recyclable.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, for said fixed bed continuous operation, the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) with respect to first substrate is in the range of 0.1 to 3 hours−1 and nitrogen pressure is in the range of 1 to 10 bar.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, for batch process, loading of said catalyst is in the range of 2-10%.
The present invention provides a zeolite catalyst characterized in that the catalyst possesses cubical morphology, the pore diameter is in the range of 0.5 to 0.6 μm, the pore volume is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 cc/g, the surface area is in the range of 500 to 700 m2/g, the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio is in the range of 30 to 200, wherein the zeolite catalyst is H-SSZ-13.
The present invention also provides a process for preparation of the zeolite catalyst comprising:
The zeolite catalyst of the present invention is used in the preparation of ether from alcohol.
The present invention further provides a one step, one pot process for synthesis of ether comprising:
The first substrate is an alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol (MME) and 2-ethoxyethanol.
The second substrate is an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol and octanol.
The ether is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and diethoxy ethane (DEE).
The selectivity of the desired ether is in the range of 30-100%.
The conversion of the substrate is in the range of 20-90%.
The reaction can be carried out in a batch or a continuous operation in a CSTR.
The reaction can be carried out in a fixed bed continuous operation.
The molar ratio of the first substrate to the second substrate is in the range of 1:1 to 1:10, preferably 1:3 to 1:10.
A binder may be used in the continuous mode of operation to bind the catalyst powder.
The content of the binder with respect to the catalyst for continuous operation is in the range of 0.1-50%.
The binder can be alumina, or silica or a mixture thereof.
The shape of catalyst for continuous mode can be extrudates, pellets or tablets.
The catalyst size with the binder used in the continuous mode is 1 mm×1 mm to 5 mm×5 mm.
The catalyst used in the reaction for preparation of ether is a zeolite catalyst characterized in that the catalyst possesses cubical morphology, the pore diameter is in the range of 0.5 to 0.6 μm, the pore volume is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 cc/g, the surface area is in the range of 500 to 700 m2/g, the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio is in the range of 30 to 200.
The required catalyst loading in the batch process is in the range of 2 to 10%.
The catalyst used in the reaction for preparation of ether is H-SSZ-13 (SiO2/Al2O3-96).
In a continuous process, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) with respect to the first substrate is in the range of 0.1 to 3 hours−1, preferably in the range of 0.7-2.5 hours−1.
In a continuous process, the nitrogen pressure is required in the range of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 5 bar.
Primary Reaction Etherification to form product Dimethoxyethane
Secondary reaction: Self Etherification of 2-methoxy ethanol to form byproduct 1,4 Dioxane
The catalyst used in the one step, one pot process for the synthesis of ether is recyclable.
Several experiments were conducted in Batch as well as in a continuous operation mode by using H-SSZ-13 catalyst for etherification. Results of the experiments are summarized in Table-1 below:
Following examples are given by way of illustration and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
A mixture of fumed silica (99%, 577.2 g), aluminium hydroxide (51.45% Al2O3, 14.62 g), sodium hydroxide (99%, 76.96 g), N,N,N-Trimethyladamantan-1-ammonium hydroxide (25% aqueous solution, 1626 g) and water (5704.66 g) was heated at a temperature 160° C. for 4 days.
Equipment for Gel Preparation
In a plastic beaker, NaOH (77.0096 g) was added into water (300 g) and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a NaOH solution.
N,N,N-Trimethyladamantan-1-aminium hydroxide (1626 g) was added into the NaOH solution (i) and stirred for 5 minutes. A clear solution was obtained.
In a plastic beaker, Aluminium Hydroxide (14.6289 g) was added into water (300 g) and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain an aluminium hydroxide solution.
Aluminium Hydroxide solution (iii) was added into a solution mixture of (i) and (ii) and additional water (100 g) was added. Resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Turbid solution A was obtained.
577 g of fumed silica powder and 5004 g water were slowly added into the solution A under vigorous stirring. Then resultant solution was stirred for 2 hour 5 minutes to obtain a milky white colloidal solution.
The gel so formed (reaction mass) was kept stirred at 30° C. for 3 h.
The reaction mass (hydrous-gel) of aluminosilicate gel was transferred to an autoclave (Make: Flutron, USA, Capacity: 20 L; Type of stirrer: overhead-two stirrer axial stirring Number of Blade: 4).
a) Filtration: The reaction mixture was filtered and product was washed with De-Mineralized water (5 L+5 L)
b) Drying: The product was dried in hot air oven at 120° C. for 5 hours.
c) Calcination
The dried product weighing about 486 gm was powdered and then placed (spread) in stainless steel trays. The stainless-steel trays containing product were then placed in a muffle furnace (Make: Energy systems Capacity—200 gm). Temperature of furnace was raised with 1° C./min according to following heating program:
Yield:
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of samples were acquired from ‘X’ Pert Pro Phillips diffractometer equipped with Cu, Kα radiation source (operation at 40 kV and 40 mA, λ=A°/nm). The data was recorded in the 2θ range of 5-50°. The morphology and crystal size of samples were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on Quant-200 3D instrument operating at 20 kV. The elemental composition of samples analysis was carried out by Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) on Quant-200 3D technique operating at 20 kV. The specific surface area and pore volume analysis were performed on Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) by employing Quantachrome instrument at −196° C. Quantasorb SI automated surface area and pore size analyzer. Prior to analysis, all samples were degassed at 300° C. for 3 h to remove the impure gases adsorbed on catalyst surface.
The catalytic conversion of 2-methoxyethanol was performed in a 100 mL stirred SS316 reactor run in a batch mode. The typical catalytic run involves, 18.92 mL of reaction mixture with stoichiometric quantity of 2-Methoxyethanol (7.65 gm) and Methanol (11.27 gm) (1:3.5 of 2-methoxyethanol: Methanol), catalyst (H-SSZ13) loading (0.53 gm) (7% with respect to 2-Methoxyethanol), 210° C., 120 rpm (revolution per minute) for 5 hours. After the completion of reaction, the reactor was cooled down naturally and catalyst was separated by filtration. The reaction products were analyzed by GC-FID with 30 m length HP-5 column. Similar experimental procedures were followed for other experiments in batch mode.
The catalytic conversion of 2-methoxyethanol in a continuous mode was performed in 30 cc fixed bed reactor system. HSSZ-13 (SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 96) was formulated with 20% Alumina binder and converted in to 2 mm×2 mm extrudates. 10 gm of this extrudates HSSZ13 catalyst was loaded at centre of the reactor sandwiched between porcelain beads. The catalyst was activated at 350° C. for 5 h in presence of nitrogen as a carrier gas. After activation, the temperature was reduced to desired temperature (215° C.) in presence of nitrogen. Then nitrogen pressure at 5 bar was generated by continuing nitrogen flow at 50 ml/min. At 215° C., 5 bar nitrogen pressure, the feed mixture of 2-methoxyethanol+Methanol in a molar ratio of 1:3 and WHSV of total mixture to 0.7h-1 was set. After regular time interval of every one hour, the sample was collected and was analyzed by GC as mentioned above. Similar experimental procedure was followed for other continuous experiments.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202111002070 | Jan 2021 | IN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IN2022/050031 | 1/14/2022 | WO |
