Zero field degaussing system and method

Abstract

A system and method are provided for degaussing a vessel moving over an urwater magnetic detector. A location at the vessel residing over the magnetic detector is continuously provided to a controller. The vessel is equipped with a plurality of degaussing coils such that each is independently controllable. Degaussing coil currents are determined by the controller according to a least squares minimization routine such that an off-board magnetic field of the vessel at the location over the magnetic detector is absolute zero. In addition, the determined coil currents minimize the off-board magnetic field of the vessel at all other locations. The determined coil currents are then applied to the appropriate degaussing coils via separate power supplies.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to degaussing of a vessel, and more particularly to a system and method for zeroing the off-board magnetic field of a vessel at specific locations on the vessel within detection range of mines or mine-like contacts.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Existing magnetic silencing systems reduce the vulnerability of naval vessels to magnetically actuated mines and detection systems. This is accomplished through the minimization of a vessel's magnetic signature with degaussing coils or other means of generating magnetic fields. Degaussing coils are loops of wire which, when energized with the proper amount of direct electrical current, produce magnetic fields whose shape is the same as the vessel's uncompensated signature but of opposite polarity. The degaussing coils therefore cancel the undegaussed fields of the vessel.

Prior art degaussing system designs attempt to minimize the static magnetic field signature of the vessel around and along its entire length. For economic and other practical reasons, the degaussing system can not make the vessel's signature exactly zero everywhere. Therefore, a compromise is achieved by setting the current in the degaussing loops to produce the smallest signature over the largest possible area around the vessel.

A schematic diagram of a prior art degaussing system for a vessel is shown in FIG. 1 divided into three sub-systems with coils that respectively control the ship's magnetization in three orthogonal directions, ie., longitudinal sub-system 10L, vertical sub-system 10M, and athwartship sub-system 10A. Each sub-system is powered by a respective power supply 12L, 12M and 12A receiving control signals from an analog degaussing controller 14.

Degaussing controller 14 sends analog control signals to power supplies 12L, 12M and 12A. The input signals to controller 14 are the vessel's heading and a coarse indication of the geomagnetic latitude, or the earth's magnetic field measured in the vessel's three orthogonal directions with a mast mounted sensor 13. These input signals compensate the "induced" magnetization which changes with vessel motion. The permanent component of magnetization is compensated with three constant current settings whose values are determined during calibration of the degaussing system. All the degaussing loops in a sub-system (i.e., aligned in a specific direction) are connected in series. For example, the current that leaves power supply 12L enters loop 10L.sub.1, leaves loop 10L.sub.1 and enters loop 10L.sub.2, etc. The magnetic field generated by each loop is controlled by manually changing the number of conductors active in each loop. The manual adjustment of the degaussing loops and the current settings of the permanent component of magnetization are known as coil calibration.

All degaussing systems require adjustments or calibration of their operating parameters to achieve small magnetic field signatures. Calibration of the degaussing system is performed at a fleet facility called a degaussing range. At the range, the vessel sails back and forth over the top of underwater magnetic field sensors from which calibration data is obtained. Each degaussing loop is energized, one at a time, and the resultant signature measured. Then the signature of the vessel is measured with the degaussing system off. The power supply current and active turns for each loop is adjusted until both the induced and permanent components of the signature are minimized. The system is not readjusted until the vessel returns to a degaussing range. The disadvantages of existing degaussing coil systems include:

1) manual adjustment of each loop, i.e., no real-time control,

2) imprecise adjustment of each loop since turns in each loop are either wholly activated or deactivated, and

3) a compromise must be accepted in the degree of signature reduction due to the requirement that the field must be minimized over a large volume of space surrounding the vessel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for improving the operation of a vessel's degaussing system to reduce the vulnerability of the vessel to magnetically actuated mines and detection systems.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for precise and real-time adjustment of a vessel's degaussing system.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious hereinafter in the specification and drawings.

In accordance with the present invention, a system and method are provided for degaussing a vessel moving over an underwater magnetic detector. Data on one specific location of the vessel residing over the magnetic detector is continuously provided to a controller. The vessel is equipped with a plurality of degaussing coils such that each of the plurality is independently controllable. Coil currents are determined by the controller according to a least squares minimization routine with linear constraints such that the magnetic field in the vicinity of the specific location of the vessel over the magnetic detector is zero. In addition, the coil currents determined for the degaussing coils will minimize the off-board magnetic field of the vessel at all other locations not directly over the magnetic detector. The determined coil currents are then applied to the appropriate degaussing coils.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art degaussing system;

FIGS. 2A and B depict a scenario of a vessel passing over a magnetic detector; and

FIG. 3 is a schematic of a zero field degaussing system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring again to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the scenario of a marine vessel 10 moving over a magnetic detector 20 will be used to explain the solution provided by the present invention. Vessel 10 may comprise a surface vessel as shown, or a submarine, or even a ground surface vehicle. Magnetic detector 20 may be part of a mine or merely part of a magnetic detection system. In either case, the goal of the present invention is to zero the off-board magnetic field due to vessel 10 at a specific location shown in FIG. 2A over magnetic detector 20 as compared to a calibration degaussing range herein before described with respect to FIG. 1. Also the off-board magnetic field due to vessel 10 at all other locations as shown in FIG. 2B is minimized if it is a surface ship or ground surface vehicle (or at all other locations of the three dimensional volume around vessel 10 if it is a submarine). Thus, as vessel 10 moves over magnetic detector 20, the present invention moves the "zero point" of the off-board magnetic field in correspondence with the location of magnetic detector 20 as shown in FIG. 2A.

A schematic of the zero field degaussing system according to the present invention is shown FIG. 3 and referenced generally by the numeral 100. As in existing degaussing systems depicted in FIG. 1, system 100 includes a plurality of degaussing coil sub-systems 100L, 100M and 100A respectively arranged in each of the longitudinal, vertical and athwartship orientations as is well known in the art. The longitudinal degaussing loops are successively referenced 100L.sub.1, 100L.sub.2, . . . ; the vertical degaussing loops are successively referenced 100M.sub.1, 100M.sub.2, . . . ; and the athwartship degaussing loops are successively referenced 100A.sub.1, 100A.sub.2, . . . . In contrast to the prior art, each degaussing loop is independently powered by a separate corresponding power supply, i.e., longitudinal loops are powered by corresponding power supplies 102.sub.1, 102.sub.2, . . . ; vertical loops are powered by corresponding power supplies 104.sub.1, 104.sub.2, . . . ; and athwartship loops are powered by corresponding power supplies 106.sub.1, 106.sub.2, . . . . Since each loop is current driven, each power supply is typically a current source.

The power supplies are respectively controlled by independent control signals that may be passed over an array dedicated control signal lines 108 from a multiplexer 110 as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, the same array of independent control signals may be transmitted on an addressable data bus (not shown) to the corresponding power supplies. In either case, the independent control signals produce an output from a controller 112, e.g., a digital processor.

Controller 112 determines its output from the independent control signals in order to: 1) zero the off-board magnetic field due to the vessel at the specific location above the magnetic detector 20 as shown in FIG. 2A, and 2) minimize the off-board magnetic field due to the vessel at all other locations below and/or around the vessel/vehicle. To do this, controller 112 must receive two types of input data--calibration data through line 114 and operational (real-time) data through lines 116 and 119 as denoted in FIG. 3. The calibration data consists of off-board degaussing coil-effect data and undegaussed data. The operational data consists of: 1) "partially" degaussed signature values below the vessel in a horizontal plane, and 2) position of the magnetic detector relative to the vessel. Both of these data sets are explained further below.

Calibration Data

Coil-effect data is defined during the vessel calibration phase by recording off-board magnetic signature changes per unit change of degaussing coil current (I) as is well known and performed in the prior art. Typically, one set of coil-effect measurements of coefficient matrix elements (c) are made for each degaussing loop and stored in a coefficient matrix storage 120 as a function of loop position on the vessel. The matrices are used to set up a system of linear equations that will be described further below.

The undegaussed data are also defined during the vessel calibration phase by measuring off-board magnetic signatures. These signatures correspond to induced and permanent magnetic states of the vessel for the longitudinal, vertical and athwartship orthogonal directions. Induced magnetic states are those brought on by change in the vessel's geographic position while permanent magnetic states are those brought on by mechanically stressing the physical steel structure of the vessel.

Operational Data

The "partially" degaussed signature below the vessel is based on predictions of the signatures using real-time measurements from on-board magnetic sensors 122. The data itself is in the form of a map of magnetic field values over a horizontal plane below the vessel. Such a map of the predicted off-board partially degaussed signatures may be determined by a closed-loop degaussing control system described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,189,590, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Position data in terms of coordinates x,y,z and heading .theta. conveying the magnetic detector's location relative to the graphical position of the vessel is typically obtained from sophisticated mine hunting system 124 well known in the art. The position of the magnetic detector is thereby converted into vessel coordinates to define that portion of the partially degaussed signature to be adjusted to absolute zero.

The linear equations processed by controller 112 are based on a linear least squares minimization routine specially constrained by the data in lines 114, 116 and 118. The set of linear equations accordingly programs processing of data from the off-board coefficient matrix storage 120 and the predicted partially degaussed off-board signature from sensors 122 and data from system 124 as follows: ##EQU1## where F.sub.i represents the off-board magnetic field at the i-th degaussing position on a planar surface under, or other surface around, the vessel based on the i-th degaussing position coordinates (x.sub.i,y.sub.i,z.sub.i) and the vessel's heading .theta.,

I.sub.j represents coil current change (I) for the j-th degaussing coil,

C.sub.ij represents the coefficient matrix element corresponding to the i-th degaussing position around the vessel and the j-th degaussing loop, based on the i-th degaussing position coordinates (x.sub.i,y.sub.i,z.sub.i),

m represents the total number of degaussing positions, and

n represents the total number of degaussing coils in all directions where m>n.

Since m>n, the linear equations represent an overdetermined system that can be solved by application of the least squares minimization procedure which is per se well known in the art. More specifically, let H.sub.i represent the partially degaussed off-board signature, and (x.sub.k,y.sub.k,z.sub.k) represent the k-th degaussing position in the vicinity of the magnetic detector where the off-board field is to be set to absolute zero. The above set of linear equations are then solved for the degaussing current changes I such that ##EQU2## is minimized while maintaining the absolute equality constraint

H(x.sub.k,y.sub.k,z.sub.k)=-F(x.sub.k,y.sub.k,z.sub.k) Thus, as the vessel moves over the magnetic detector 20 as diagrammed in FIG. 2A, the coefficient matrix C.sub.ij adjusts to compensate for vessel movement. By way of example, controller 112 may be programmed in accordance with the FORTRAN code listing attached hereto as an Appendix.

The advantages of the present invention are numerous. A method and means are provided to force the off-board magnetic field signature of a vessel to exactly zero at specific locations about the vessel while minimizing the off-board signature of the vessel everywhere else under and/or around it. Independently controlled degaussing loops are provided with an exact current level for their particular position on the vessel. This provides a high degree of precision needed to zero the magnetic signature of the vessel at a specified location, i.e., over the magnetic detector. Further, the present invention provides real-time, automatic adjustment of the degaussing coil currents.

Although the invention has been described relative to a specific embodiment thereof, there are numerous variations and modifications that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the above teachings. For example, the approach of the present invention might also be applied to electric and electromagnetic field signature compensation, and also potentially to acoustic signatures. Further, the calibration data may be expanded to include mathematical data derived from virtual multipole magnets used to represent individual machinery items or the harmonic expansion of the vessel's magnetization. Mathematical data would then be included in the coefficient matrix C.sub.ij. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A system for controlling off-board magnetic fields of a three dimensional object comprising: a plurality of degaussing coils independently controllable in response to dedicated current control signals; controller means for processing data on geographic position and heading of said object in accordance with a least squares minimization routine to determine said dedicated current control signals; and means distributing said dedicated current control signals amongst said plurality of degaussing coils causing reduction in the off-board magnetic fields to zero at one specific location of the object and minimized at all other locations thereof.

2. A system as in claim 1 wherein said plurality of degaussing coils includes longitudinal, athwartship and vertical degaussing coils.

3. A system as in claim 1 further comprising a plurality of power supplies, each of said plurality of power supplies receiving one of said dedicated control signals and supplying current to a corresponding one of said plurality of degaussing coils.

4. A system as in claim 1 wherein said distributing means is a multiplexer.

5. A method of controlling off-board magnetic fields by a plurality of independently controllable degaussing coils on a three dimensional object, comprising the steps of: providing geographical position and heading of said three dimensional object; establishing a specific location of interest for said three dimensional object;

determining coil current for each of said plurality of degaussing coils using the geographic position and heading; and applying said coil current to each of said plurality of degaussing coils causing reduction of said off-board magnetic field to zero at said specific location and minimization thereof at all other locations of the three dimensional object.

6. A method according to claim 5 wherein said step of determining is accomplished in accordance with a least squares minimization routine processed on a digital computer.

7. The method as defined in claim 5 wherein said object is a marine vessel and said step of establishing the specific location is effected by an underwater magnetic detector.

8. In a system for controlling off-board magnetic fields of a marine vessel by a plurality of degaussing coils in response to current control signals, controller means for processing input data to determine said current control signals in accordance with a least squares minimization routine, data collecting means connected to said controller means for supply of the input data thereto relating to geographic position and heading of the vessel and one specific location thereof, underwater magnetic detector means for establishing said one specific location for the vessel, and means operatively connecting the controller means to the degaussing coils for distributing the current control signals thereto from the controller means.

9. In the system as defined by claim 8, said means for distributing the current control signals comprising: a plurality of separate power supplies respectively producing coil currents in response to the current control signals received from the controller and multiplexer means connected to the controller means for respectively transmitting the current control signals to the separate power supplies from which the coil currents are respectively fed to the degaussing coils.