Claims
- 1. A surfactant comprising:
a first ionic group comprising at least one hydrocarbon-containing chain; a second ionic group comprising at least one hydrocarbon-containing chain, wherein said second ionic group has a charge opposite to the charge of said first ionic group; and a hydrocarbon spacer group covalently bonded to each of said first and second ionic groups; wherein said surfactant is soluble in carbon dioxide.
- 2. The surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the first ionic group is of the formula:
- 3. The surfactant according to claim 2, wherein RH1 is of the formula:
- 4. The surfactant according to claim 3, wherein n is 6 and m is 2.
- 5. The surfactant according to claim 3, wherein n is 8 and m is 2.
- 6. The surfactant according to claim 2, wherein RH1 is of the formula:
- 7. The surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the second ionic group is of the formula:
- 8. The surfactant according to claim 7, wherein the aromatic-containing group is of the formula:
- 9. The surfactant according to claim 7, wherein q is 8.
- 10. The surfactant according to claim 7, wherein q is 10.
- 11. The surfactant according to claim 7, wherein q is 12.
- 12. The surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the spacer group is of the formula:
- 13. The surfactant according to claim 12, wherein r is 2.
- 14. A composition of matter comprising:
carbon dioxide; and a surfactant comprising a first ionic group comprising at least one hydrocarbon-containing chain; a second ionic group comprising at least one hydrocarbon-containing chain, wherein said second ionic group has a charge opposite to the charge of said first ionic group; and a hydrocarbon spacer group covalently bonded to each of said first and second ionic groups; and wherein said surfactant is solubilized in the carbon dioxide.
- 15. The composition of matter according to claim 14, wherein said carbon dioxide is liquid carbon dioxide.
- 16. The composition of matter according to claim 14, wherein said carbon dioxide is supercritical carbon dioxide.
- 17. The composition of matter according to claim 14, wherein the first ionic group is of the formula:
- 18. The composition of matter according to claim 17, wherein RH1 is of the formula:
- 19. The composition of matter according to claim 18, wherein n is 6 and m is 2.
- 20. The composition of matter according to claim 18, wherein n is 8 and m is 2.
- 21. The composition of matter according to claim 17, wherein RH1 is of the formula:
- 22. The composition of matter according to claim 14, wherein the second ionic group is of the formula:
- 23. The composition of matter according to claim 22, wherein the aromatic-containing group is of the formula:
- 24. The composition of matter according to claim 22, wherein q is 8.
- 25. The composition of matter according to claim 22, wherein q is 10.
- 26. The composition of matter according to claim 22, wherein q is 12.
- 27. The composition of matter according to claim 14, wherein the spacer group is of the formula:
- 28. The composition of matter according to claim 27, wherein r is 2.
- 29. The composition of matter according to claim 14, further comprising a co-solvent.
- 30. The composition of matter according to claim 14, comprising from about 0.5 weight percent to about 2.5 weight percent of said surfactant.
- 31. The composition of matter according to claim 14, further comprising water, and wherein said composition of matter comprises a water-to-surfactant molar ratios ranging from about 1:1 to about 1000:1.
- 32. A process which comprises utilizing the composition of matter as defined by claim 14.
- 33. The process according to claim 32, wherein said process is selected from at least one of the group consisting of a cleaning process, a coating process, a polymerization process, an enzymatic reaction process, an extraction process, and an inorganic synthesis particle process.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The application claims priority to Provisional Application No. 60/264,163 filed Jan. 25, 2001, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Government Interests
[0002] The present invention was made with Government support under Grant Number GM21457 from the National Institute of Health and Grant Number DAAG55-98-1-0167 from the Army Research Office. The Government has certain rights to this invention.
Provisional Applications (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60264163 |
Jan 2001 |
US |