Eduardo T. Marban

Person

Beverly Hills, CA, US

People

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Methods for therapeutic use of exosomes and Y-RNAS
- Patent number 12,146,137
- Issue date Nov 19, 2024
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes secreted by such cells in t...
- Patent number 11,872,251
- Issue date Jan 16, 2024
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Methods and compositions for treating skeletal muscular dystrophy
- Patent number 11,759,482
- Issue date Sep 19, 2023
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Compositions comprising cardiosphere-derived cells for use in cell...
- Patent number 11,660,317
- Issue date May 30, 2023
- The Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Engineered extracellular vesicles for enhanced tissue delivery
- Patent number 11,660,355
- Issue date May 30, 2023
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Cardiosphere-derived cells and their extracellular vesicles to reta...
- Patent number 11,541,078
- Issue date Jan 3, 2023
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes secreted by such cells in t...
- Patent number 11,357,799
- Issue date Jun 14, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
CDC-derived exosomes for treatment of ventricular tachyarrythmias
- Patent number 11,351,200
- Issue date Jun 7, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes secreted by such cells in t...
- Patent number 11,253,551
- Issue date Feb 22, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Exosomes and micro-ribonucleic acids for tissue regeneration
- Patent number 11,220,687
- Issue date Jan 11, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Transcription factor-based generation of pacemaker cells and method...
- Patent number 10,973,876
- Issue date Apr 13, 2021
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Exosomes and micro-ribonucleic acids for tissue regeneration
- Patent number 10,457,942
- Issue date Oct 29, 2019
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Maintenance of genomic stability in cultured stem cells
- Patent number 9,845,457
- Issue date Dec 19, 2017
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Exosomes and micro-ribonucleic acids for tissue regeneration
- Patent number 9,828,603
- Issue date Nov 28, 2017
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Transcription factor-based generation of pacemaker cells and method...
- Patent number 9,763,999
- Issue date Sep 19, 2017
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Modulation of bio-electrical rhythms via a novel engineering approach
- Patent number 9,480,719
- Issue date Nov 1, 2016
- The Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Methods and compositions for maintaining genomic stability in cultu...
- Patent number 9,249,392
- Issue date Feb 2, 2016
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
Modulation of bio-electrical rhythms via a novel engineering approach
- Patent number 8,658,609
- Issue date Feb 25, 2014
- The Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Cardiac stem cell and myocyte secreted paracrine factors
- Patent number 8,617,877
- Issue date Dec 31, 2013
- The Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- G01 - MEASURING TESTING
Information Patent Grant
Combined multi-detector CT angiography and CT myocardial perfusion...
- Patent number 8,615,116
- Issue date Dec 24, 2013
- The Johns Hopkins University
- Albert Clark Lardo
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Focal calcium channel modulation
- Patent number 8,003,618
- Issue date Aug 23, 2011
- The John Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Somatic transfer of modified genes to predict drug effects
- Patent number 7,037,648
- Issue date May 2, 2006
- John Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- G01 - MEASURING TESTING
Information Patent Grant
Cardiac arrhythmia treatment methods
- Patent number 7,034,008
- Issue date Apr 25, 2006
- The Johns Hopkins University
- J. Kevin Donahue
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Methods and compositions for nucleic acid delivery
- Patent number 6,992,070
- Issue date Jan 31, 2006
- The Johns Hopkins University
- J. Kevin Donahue
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Methods to identify compounds affecting mitochondria
- Patent number 6,586,241
- Issue date Jul 1, 2003
- Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- G01 - MEASURING TESTING
Information Patent Grant
Methods for treatment of disorders of cardiac contractility
- Patent number 6,569,862
- Issue date May 27, 2003
- Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Treatment of apoptotic cell death
- Patent number 6,521,617
- Issue date Feb 18, 2003
- The Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Inducible genetic suppression of cellular excitability
- Patent number 6,214,620
- Issue date Apr 10, 2001
- The Johns Hopkins University
- David C. Johns
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Methods for treatment of disorders of cardiac contractility
- Patent number 6,191,136
- Issue date Feb 20, 2001
- Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Methods to identify compounds affecting mitochondria
- Patent number 6,183,948
- Issue date Feb 6, 2001
- Johns Hopkins University
- Eduardo Marban
- G01 - MEASURING TESTING

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND THEIR EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FOR TRE...
- Publication number 20240342221
- Publication date Oct 17, 2024
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo MARBAN
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
FORMULATIONS FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
- Publication number 20240285668
- Publication date Aug 29, 2024
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING SKELETAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
- Publication number 20230381243
- Publication date Nov 30, 2023
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
EXOSOME-DERIVED PIWI-INTERACTING RNA AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
- Publication number 20230203487
- Publication date Jun 29, 2023
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELL (CDC) THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL...
- Publication number 20230141499
- Publication date May 11, 2023
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
CDC-DERIVED EXOSOMES FOR TREATMENT OF VENTRICULAR TACHYARRYTHMIAS
- Publication number 20220273729
- Publication date Sep 1, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE CELLS AND EXOSOMES
- Publication number 20220218757
- Publication date Jul 14, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION
- Publication number 20220119813
- Publication date Apr 21, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...
- Publication number 20220072062
- Publication date Mar 10, 2022
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...
- Publication number 20210401896
- Publication date Dec 30, 2021
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BASED GENERATION OF PACEMAKER CELLS AND METHOD...
- Publication number 20210260158
- Publication date Aug 26, 2021
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
METHODS FOR THERAPEUTIC USE OF EXOSOMES AND Y-RNAS
- Publication number 20210207145
- Publication date Jul 8, 2021
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND THEIR EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FOR TRE...
- Publication number 20210085724
- Publication date Mar 25, 2021
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo MARBAN
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
ACTIVATION-INDUCED TISSUE-EFFECTOR CELLS SUITABLE FOR CELL THERAPY...
- Publication number 20210032598
- Publication date Feb 4, 2021
- Capricor, Inc.
- Ahmed G. Ibrahim
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
ENGINEERED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FOR ENHANCED TISSUE DELIVERY
- Publication number 20200316226
- Publication date Oct 8, 2020
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING SKELETAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
- Publication number 20200121727
- Publication date Apr 23, 2020
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION
- Publication number 20200024604
- Publication date Jan 23, 2020
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND THEIR EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES TO RETA...
- Publication number 20190255119
- Publication date Aug 22, 2019
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
CDC-DERIVED EXOSOMES FOR TREATMENT OF VENTRICULAR TACHYARRYTHMIAS
- Publication number 20190160111
- Publication date May 30, 2019
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...
- Publication number 20190000888
- Publication date Jan 3, 2019
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION
- Publication number 20180100149
- Publication date Apr 12, 2018
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BASED GENERATION OF PACEMAKER CELLS AND METHOD...
- Publication number 20180071364
- Publication date Mar 15, 2018
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
POLARIZATION OF MACROPHAGES TO A HEALING PHENOTYPE BY CARDIOSPHERE-...
- Publication number 20170304368
- Publication date Oct 26, 2017
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS (CDCS) AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR PULMONA...
- Publication number 20170296591
- Publication date Oct 19, 2017
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...
- Publication number 20170290860
- Publication date Oct 12, 2017
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
MAINTENANCE OF GENOMIC STABILITY IN CULTURED STEM CELLS
- Publication number 20160108365
- Publication date Apr 21, 2016
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marbán
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BASED GENERATION OF PACEMAKER CELLS AND METHOD...
- Publication number 20150359845
- Publication date Dec 17, 2015
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
THERAPEUTIC CELLS DEPLETED OF SPECIFIC SUBPOPULATIONS OF CELLS FOR...
- Publication number 20150273113
- Publication date Oct 1, 2015
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION
- Publication number 20150203844
- Publication date Jul 23, 2015
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Eduardo Marban
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Application
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA TREATMENT METHODS
- Publication number 20150183842
- Publication date Jul 2, 2015
- The Johns Hopkins University
- J. Kevin Donahue
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Eduardo T. Marban

Person

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Methods for therapeutic use of exosomes and Y-RNAS

Cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes secreted by such cells in t...

Methods and compositions for treating skeletal muscular dystrophy

Compositions comprising cardiosphere-derived cells for use in cell...

Engineered extracellular vesicles for enhanced tissue delivery

Cardiosphere-derived cells and their extracellular vesicles to reta...

Cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes secreted by such cells in t...

CDC-derived exosomes for treatment of ventricular tachyarrythmias

Cardiosphere-derived cells and exosomes secreted by such cells in t...

Exosomes and micro-ribonucleic acids for tissue regeneration

Transcription factor-based generation of pacemaker cells and method...

Exosomes and micro-ribonucleic acids for tissue regeneration

Maintenance of genomic stability in cultured stem cells

Exosomes and micro-ribonucleic acids for tissue regeneration

Transcription factor-based generation of pacemaker cells and method...

Modulation of bio-electrical rhythms via a novel engineering approach

Methods and compositions for maintaining genomic stability in cultu...

Modulation of bio-electrical rhythms via a novel engineering approach

Cardiac stem cell and myocyte secreted paracrine factors

Combined multi-detector CT angiography and CT myocardial perfusion...

Focal calcium channel modulation

Somatic transfer of modified genes to predict drug effects

Cardiac arrhythmia treatment methods

Methods and compositions for nucleic acid delivery

Methods to identify compounds affecting mitochondria

Methods for treatment of disorders of cardiac contractility

Treatment of apoptotic cell death

Inducible genetic suppression of cellular excitability

Methods for treatment of disorders of cardiac contractility

Methods to identify compounds affecting mitochondria

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND THEIR EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FOR TRE...

FORMULATIONS FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING SKELETAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

EXOSOME-DERIVED PIWI-INTERACTING RNA AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELL (CDC) THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL...

CDC-DERIVED EXOSOMES FOR TREATMENT OF VENTRICULAR TACHYARRYTHMIAS

THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE CELLS AND EXOSOMES

EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...

TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BASED GENERATION OF PACEMAKER CELLS AND METHOD...

METHODS FOR THERAPEUTIC USE OF EXOSOMES AND Y-RNAS

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND THEIR EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FOR TRE...

ACTIVATION-INDUCED TISSUE-EFFECTOR CELLS SUITABLE FOR CELL THERAPY...

ENGINEERED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FOR ENHANCED TISSUE DELIVERY

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING SKELETAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND THEIR EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES TO RETA...

CDC-DERIVED EXOSOMES FOR TREATMENT OF VENTRICULAR TACHYARRYTHMIAS

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...

EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION

TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BASED GENERATION OF PACEMAKER CELLS AND METHOD...

POLARIZATION OF MACROPHAGES TO A HEALING PHENOTYPE BY CARDIOSPHERE-...

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS (CDCS) AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR PULMONA...

CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS AND EXOSOMES SECRETED BY SUCH CELLS IN T...

MAINTENANCE OF GENOMIC STABILITY IN CULTURED STEM CELLS

TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BASED GENERATION OF PACEMAKER CELLS AND METHOD...

THERAPEUTIC CELLS DEPLETED OF SPECIFIC SUBPOPULATIONS OF CELLS FOR...

EXOSOMES AND MICRO-RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FOR TISSUE REGENERATION

CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA TREATMENT METHODS