Martin Glos

Person

Borken, DE

People

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Use of polyolethers for producing porous plastic coatings
- Patent number 12,031,006
- Issue date Jul 9, 2024
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Michael Klostermann
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Process for producing porous polyurethane coatings using polyol est...
- Patent number 11,851,583
- Issue date Dec 26, 2023
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Michael Klostermann
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Grant
Composition that is suitable for producing polyurethane foams and t...
- Patent number 10,988,593
- Issue date Apr 27, 2021
- BASF SE
- Markus Schuette
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Production of polyurethane foam
- Patent number 10,870,723
- Issue date Dec 22, 2020
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use in the production of...
- Patent number 10,793,662
- Issue date Oct 6, 2020
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Thomas Günther
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Zinc ketoiminate complexes as catalysts for the production of polyu...
- Patent number 10,787,464
- Issue date Sep 29, 2020
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Michael Fiedel
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use in the production of...
- Patent number 10,703,851
- Issue date Jul 7, 2020
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Thomas Günther
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use in the production of...
- Patent number 10,457,769
- Issue date Oct 29, 2019
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Thomas Günther
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Composition which is suitable for producing polyurethane foams and...
- Patent number 10,023,679
- Issue date Jul 17, 2018
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Michael Klostermann
- F16 - ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINT...
Information Patent Grant
Amines suitable for use in the manufacture of polyurethanes
- Patent number 9,505,895
- Issue date Nov 29, 2016
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Sarah Schmitz
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Moldings based on reaction products of polyols and isocyanates
- Patent number 9,217,074
- Issue date Dec 22, 2015
- Evonik Industries AG
- Martin Glos
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Composite materials comprising an open-cell polymer matrix and gran...
- Patent number 9,056,952
- Issue date Jun 16, 2015
- Evonik Industries AG
- Christian Eilbracht
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Process for preparing polydimethylsiloxanes on sulphonic acid catio...
- Patent number 8,969,502
- Issue date Mar 3, 2015
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Wilfried Knott
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Silicone stabilizers for rigid polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams
- Patent number 8,957,121
- Issue date Feb 17, 2015
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Carsten Schiller
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Composition containing specific amides and organomodified siloxanes...
- Patent number 8,946,310
- Issue date Feb 3, 2015
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Polymeric materials and also adhesive and coating compositions comp...
- Patent number 8,921,437
- Issue date Dec 30, 2014
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Wilfried Knott
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Siloxane compositions
- Patent number 8,912,277
- Issue date Dec 16, 2014
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Method for producing polyurethane foam
- Patent number 8,906,974
- Issue date Dec 9, 2014
- Evonik Degussa GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Aqueous cold-cure flexible stabilizer formulations
- Patent number 8,735,458
- Issue date May 27, 2014
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Compositions containing polyether-polysiloxane copolymers
- Patent number 8,623,984
- Issue date Jan 7, 2014
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Frauke Henning
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Process for preparing polydimethylsiloxanes on sulphonic acid catio...
- Patent number 8,609,798
- Issue date Dec 17, 2013
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Wilfried Knott
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Invention relates to the use of foam stabilizers, produced on the b...
- Patent number 8,349,907
- Issue date Jan 8, 2013
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Frauke Henning
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Aqueous cold-cure flexible stabilizer formulations
- Patent number 8,303,843
- Issue date Nov 6, 2012
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Process for the preparation of polyurethane cold cure foams
- Patent number 7,838,566
- Issue date Nov 23, 2010
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Block copolymer by reacting alkylene oxide and glycidyl ether in pr...
- Patent number 7,812,114
- Issue date Oct 12, 2010
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH
- Uwe Falk
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Method for the esterification of alcohols with olefinically unsatur...
- Patent number 7,767,769
- Issue date Aug 3, 2010
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Process for preparing amides based on polyetheramines and (meth)acr...
- Patent number 7,759,454
- Issue date Jul 20, 2010
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH
- Uwe Falk
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Polyetheramine production method
- Patent number 7,696,385
- Issue date Apr 13, 2010
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH
- Dirk Buehring
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Reacting alkylene oxide and glycidy ether to produce OH- or acid-te...
- Patent number 7,605,224
- Issue date Oct 20, 2009
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH
- Uwe Falk
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Copolymers containing styrene oxide and use thereof as emulsifiers...
- Patent number 7,462,660
- Issue date Dec 9, 2008
- Lariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH
- Klaus Poellmann
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
PRODUCTION OF HARD POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAM
- Publication number 20240209138
- Publication date Jun 27, 2024
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Martin GLOS
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
POLYURETHANE INSULATING FOAMS AND PRODUCTION THEREOF
- Publication number 20230095151
- Publication date Mar 30, 2023
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Michael SUCHAN
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
PRODUCTION OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM
- Publication number 20220403089
- Publication date Dec 22, 2022
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
PRODUCTION OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM
- Publication number 20220041829
- Publication date Feb 10, 2022
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
PRODUCTION OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM
- Publication number 20220017679
- Publication date Jan 20, 2022
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANE FOAM
- Publication number 20200239621
- Publication date Jul 30, 2020
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
ZINC KETOIMINATE COMPLEXES AS CATALYSTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYU...
- Publication number 20200216474
- Publication date Jul 9, 2020
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Michael Fiedel
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
USE OF POLYOLETHERS FOR PRODUCING POROUS PLASTIC COATINGS
- Publication number 20200207938
- Publication date Jul 2, 2020
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Michael Klostermann
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
USE OF POLYOLESTERS FOR PRODUCING POROUS PLASTIC COATINGS
- Publication number 20190300728
- Publication date Oct 3, 2019
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Michael Klostermann
- D06 - TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE LAUNDERING FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTH...
Information Patent Application
NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF...
- Publication number 20180194889
- Publication date Jul 12, 2018
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Thomas Günther
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
PRODUCTION OF POROUS POLYURETHANE LAYERS
- Publication number 20180016406
- Publication date Jan 18, 2018
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Thomas Lüthge
- D06 - TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE LAUNDERING FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTH...
Information Patent Application
Ageing-Resistant and Low-Emission Mattresses and/or Cushions
- Publication number 20170226264
- Publication date Aug 10, 2017
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Thomas Günther
- A47 - FURNITURE DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES COFFEE MILLS SPICE MILLS SUCT...
Information Patent Application
NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF...
- Publication number 20170174817
- Publication date Jun 22, 2017
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Thomas Günther
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF...
- Publication number 20170152343
- Publication date Jun 1, 2017
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Thomas Günther
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITION THAT IS SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING POLYURETHANE FOAMS AND T...
- Publication number 20160326330
- Publication date Nov 10, 2016
- BASF SE
- Markus SCHUETTE
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITION WHICH IS SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING POLYURETHANE FOAMS AND...
- Publication number 20160311961
- Publication date Oct 27, 2016
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Michael Klostermann
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
ISOCYANATE/SILOXANE POLYETHER COMPOSITION
- Publication number 20160152739
- Publication date Jun 2, 2016
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Christian EILBRACHT
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
SILICONE STABILIZERS FOR RIGID POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS
- Publication number 20160096939
- Publication date Apr 7, 2016
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Martin GLOS
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
AMINES SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POLYURETHANES
- Publication number 20150368420
- Publication date Dec 24, 2015
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Sarah SCHMITZ
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYURETHANE FOAM
- Publication number 20150057384
- Publication date Feb 26, 2015
- EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH
- Martin GLOS
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
MOLDINGS BASED ON REACTION PRODUCTS OF POLYOLS AND ISOCYANATES
- Publication number 20140100314
- Publication date Apr 10, 2014
- TECHNOGEL GMBH
- Martin Glos
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANES ON SULPHONIC ACID CATIO...
- Publication number 20140094532
- Publication date Apr 3, 2014
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Wilfried Knott
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
AQUEOUS COLD-CURE FLEXIBLE STABILIZER FORMULATIONS
- Publication number 20130072585
- Publication date Mar 21, 2013
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITE MATERIALS COMPRISING A POLYMER MATRIX AND GRANULES EMBEDD...
- Publication number 20130068990
- Publication date Mar 21, 2013
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Christian Eilbracht
- E04 - BUILDING
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITE MATERIALS COMPRISING AN OPEN-CELL POLYMER MATRIX AND GRAN...
- Publication number 20130071602
- Publication date Mar 21, 2013
- Evonik Industries AG
- Christian Eilbracht
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Application
USE OF POLYSILOXANES COMPRISING BRANCHED POLYETHER MOIETIES FOR THE...
- Publication number 20130035407
- Publication date Feb 7, 2013
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Matthias Lobert
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITION CONTAINING SPECIFIC AMIDES AND ORGANOMODIFIED SILOXANES...
- Publication number 20120261605
- Publication date Oct 18, 2012
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITION CONTAINING SPECIFIC CARBAMATE TYPE COMPOUNDS SUITABLE F...
- Publication number 20120264843
- Publication date Oct 18, 2012
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Martin Glos
- F25 - REFRIGERATION OR COOLING COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS HEA...
Information Patent Application
SILICONE STABILIZERS FOR RIGID POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS
- Publication number 20120153210
- Publication date Jun 21, 2012
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Martin Glos
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
SILICONE STABILIZERS FOR RIGID POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS
- Publication number 20120157558
- Publication date Jun 21, 2012
- Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
- Carsten Schiller
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...

Martin Glos

Person

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Use of polyolethers for producing porous plastic coatings

Process for producing porous polyurethane coatings using polyol est...

Composition that is suitable for producing polyurethane foams and t...

Production of polyurethane foam

Nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use in the production of...

Zinc ketoiminate complexes as catalysts for the production of polyu...

Nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use in the production of...

Nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use in the production of...

Composition which is suitable for producing polyurethane foams and...

Amines suitable for use in the manufacture of polyurethanes

Moldings based on reaction products of polyols and isocyanates

Composite materials comprising an open-cell polymer matrix and gran...

Process for preparing polydimethylsiloxanes on sulphonic acid catio...

Silicone stabilizers for rigid polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams

Composition containing specific amides and organomodified siloxanes...

Polymeric materials and also adhesive and coating compositions comp...

Siloxane compositions

Method for producing polyurethane foam

Aqueous cold-cure flexible stabilizer formulations

Compositions containing polyether-polysiloxane copolymers

Process for preparing polydimethylsiloxanes on sulphonic acid catio...

Invention relates to the use of foam stabilizers, produced on the b...

Aqueous cold-cure flexible stabilizer formulations

Process for the preparation of polyurethane cold cure foams

Block copolymer by reacting alkylene oxide and glycidyl ether in pr...

Method for the esterification of alcohols with olefinically unsatur...

Process for preparing amides based on polyetheramines and (meth)acr...

Polyetheramine production method

Reacting alkylene oxide and glycidy ether to produce OH- or acid-te...

Copolymers containing styrene oxide and use thereof as emulsifiers...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

PRODUCTION OF HARD POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAM

POLYURETHANE INSULATING FOAMS AND PRODUCTION THEREOF

PRODUCTION OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM

PRODUCTION OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM

PRODUCTION OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM

PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANE FOAM

ZINC KETOIMINATE COMPLEXES AS CATALYSTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYU...

USE OF POLYOLETHERS FOR PRODUCING POROUS PLASTIC COATINGS

USE OF POLYOLESTERS FOR PRODUCING POROUS PLASTIC COATINGS

NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF...

PRODUCTION OF POROUS POLYURETHANE LAYERS

Ageing-Resistant and Low-Emission Mattresses and/or Cushions

NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF...

NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF...

COMPOSITION THAT IS SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING POLYURETHANE FOAMS AND T...

COMPOSITION WHICH IS SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING POLYURETHANE FOAMS AND...

ISOCYANATE/SILOXANE POLYETHER COMPOSITION

SILICONE STABILIZERS FOR RIGID POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS

AMINES SUITABLE FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POLYURETHANES

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYURETHANE FOAM

MOLDINGS BASED ON REACTION PRODUCTS OF POLYOLS AND ISOCYANATES

PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANES ON SULPHONIC ACID CATIO...

AQUEOUS COLD-CURE FLEXIBLE STABILIZER FORMULATIONS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS COMPRISING A POLYMER MATRIX AND GRANULES EMBEDD...

COMPOSITE MATERIALS COMPRISING AN OPEN-CELL POLYMER MATRIX AND GRAN...

USE OF POLYSILOXANES COMPRISING BRANCHED POLYETHER MOIETIES FOR THE...

COMPOSITION CONTAINING SPECIFIC AMIDES AND ORGANOMODIFIED SILOXANES...

COMPOSITION CONTAINING SPECIFIC CARBAMATE TYPE COMPOUNDS SUITABLE F...

SILICONE STABILIZERS FOR RIGID POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS

SILICONE STABILIZERS FOR RIGID POLYURETHANE OR POLYISOCYANURATE FOAMS