Zachary John Snider

Person

Simpsonville, SC, US

People

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Damper element with spring-suspended bearing member for vibration d...
- Patent number 12,134,972
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Stator vane assembly having mechanical retention device
- Patent number 12,129,771
- Issue date Oct 29, 2024
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Christopher West
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Vibration damping system for turbine nozzle or blade using stacked...
- Patent number 12,071,862
- Issue date Aug 27, 2024
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Damper element with spring-suspended bearing member for vibration d...
- Patent number 12,006,831
- Issue date Jun 11, 2024
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Nested damper pin and vibration dampening system for turbine nozzle...
- Patent number 11,976,565
- Issue date May 7, 2024
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Cooling circuit for a stator vane braze joint
- Patent number 11,952,918
- Issue date Apr 9, 2024
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Turbine components and methods of manufacturing
- Patent number 11,826,830
- Issue date Nov 28, 2023
- General Electric Company
- Sandip Dutta
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Grant
Additively manufactured object using mask over opening for coating
- Patent number 11,660,673
- Issue date May 30, 2023
- General Electric Company
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Grant
Vibration damping system for turbine nozzle or blade using elongate...
- Patent number 11,634,991
- Issue date Apr 25, 2023
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Component with mechanical locking features incorporating adaptive c...
- Patent number 11,634,990
- Issue date Apr 25, 2023
- General Electric Company
- Earl Thomas Dyson
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Vibration damping system for turbine nozzle or blade using damper p...
- Patent number 11,572,791
- Issue date Feb 7, 2023
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Impingement insert for a gas turbine engine
- Patent number 11,519,281
- Issue date Dec 6, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Sandip Dutta
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Vibration damping system for turbine blade or nozzle, retention sys...
- Patent number 11,519,276
- Issue date Dec 6, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Turbine rotor blade root with hollow mount with lattice support str...
- Patent number 11,492,908
- Issue date Nov 8, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Turbine nozzle assembly system with nozzle sets having different th...
- Patent number 11,466,581
- Issue date Oct 11, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Coolant delivery via an independent cooling circuit
- Patent number 11,434,767
- Issue date Sep 6, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- B33 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Conforming coating mask for a component and system background
- Patent number 11,313,237
- Issue date Apr 26, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Jeffrey Clarence Jones
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Grant
Turbine rotor blade with angel wing with coolant transfer passage b...
- Patent number 11,248,471
- Issue date Feb 15, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Grant
Turbine rotor blade with integral impingement sleeve by additive ma...
- Patent number 11,242,760
- Issue date Feb 8, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Grant
Turbine rotor blade with platform with non-linear cooling passages...
- Patent number 11,220,916
- Issue date Jan 11, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Oxidation activated cooling flow
- Patent number 11,215,074
- Issue date Jan 4, 2022
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- B33 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Additive manufactured object with passage having varying cross-sect...
- Patent number 11,192,207
- Issue date Dec 7, 2021
- General Electric Company
- Jeffrey Clarence Jones
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Grant
CMC ply assembly, CMC article, and method for forming CMC article
- Patent number 11,179,917
- Issue date Nov 23, 2021
- General Electric Company
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- C04 - CEMENTS CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL STONE CERAMICS REFRACTORIES
Information Patent Grant
Sacrificial plug system
- Patent number 11,174,738
- Issue date Nov 16, 2021
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
System and method for near wall cooling for turbine component
- Patent number 11,098,596
- Issue date Aug 24, 2021
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Grant
Unitary body turbine shrouds including shot peen screens integrally...
- Patent number 11,035,248
- Issue date Jun 15, 2021
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- B24 - GRINDING POLISHING
Information Patent Grant
Turbine shroud including plurality of cooling passages
- Patent number 10,989,068
- Issue date Apr 27, 2021
- General Electric Company
- Travis J Packer
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Grant
Unitary body turbine shroud for turbine systems
- Patent number 10,927,693
- Issue date Feb 23, 2021
- General Electric Company
- Sathyanarayanan Raghavan
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Additively manufactured hollow body component with interior curved...
- Patent number 10,844,724
- Issue date Nov 24, 2020
- General Electric Company
- Travis J Packer
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Grant
Unitary body turbine shrouds including structural breakdown and col...
- Patent number 10,830,050
- Issue date Nov 10, 2020
- General Electric Company
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
TURBINE BLADE UNDER-PLATFORM STRUCTURE AND POCKET
- Publication number 20250012191
- Publication date Jan 9, 2025
- GE Infrastructure Technology, LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
DAMPER ELEMENT WITH FLEXIBLE LEGS FOR VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FO...
- Publication number 20250003342
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
NESTED DAMPER PIN AND VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FOR TURBINE NOZZLE...
- Publication number 20250003344
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM INCLUDING RESONANT-TUNED ELONGATED BODY...
- Publication number 20250003341
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
DAMPER ELEMENT WITH FLEXIBLE LEGS FOR VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FO...
- Publication number 20250003343
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
COOLING CIRCUIT FOR A STATOR VANE BRAZE JOINT
- Publication number 20240200462
- Publication date Jun 20, 2024
- GE INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY LLC
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Application
VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEM FOR TURBOMACHINE NOZZLE OR BLADE USING VOL...
- Publication number 20240110484
- Publication date Apr 4, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- James Zhang
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
NESTED DAMPER PIN AND VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FOR TURBINE NOZZLE...
- Publication number 20240035384
- Publication date Feb 1, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEM FOR TURBINE NOZZLE OR BLADE USING STACKED...
- Publication number 20240035387
- Publication date Feb 1, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
COOLING CIRCUIT FOR A STATOR VANE BRAZE JOINT
- Publication number 20240026795
- Publication date Jan 25, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED OBJECT USING MASK OVER OPENING FOR COATING
- Publication number 20230142974
- Publication date May 11, 2023
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS INCLUDING INTEGRALLY FORMED PASSAG...
- Publication number 20220212402
- Publication date Jul 7, 2022
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED OBJECT USING MASK OVER OPENING FOR COATING
- Publication number 20220118514
- Publication date Apr 21, 2022
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Application
SACRIFICIAL PLUG SYSTEM
- Publication number 20210348514
- Publication date Nov 11, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
CONFORMING COATING MASK FOR A COMPONENT AND SYSTEM BACKGROUND
- Publication number 20210348513
- Publication date Nov 11, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Jeffrey Clarence Jones
- B33 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
COMPONENT WITH MECHANICAL LOCKING FEATURES INCORPORATING ADAPTIVE C...
- Publication number 20210324742
- Publication date Oct 21, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Earl Thomas Dyson
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
IMPINGEMENT INSERT FOR A GAS TURBINE ENGINE
- Publication number 20210270141
- Publication date Sep 2, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Sandip Dutta
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Application
TURBINE ROTOR BLADE WITH INTEGRAL IMPINGEMENT SLEEVE BY ADDITIVE MA...
- Publication number 20210222565
- Publication date Jul 22, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Application
TURBINE ROTOR BLADE WITH PLATFORM WITH NON-LINEAR COOLING PASSAGES...
- Publication number 20210222568
- Publication date Jul 22, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Application
TURBINE ROTOR BLADE ROOT WITH HOLLOW MOUNT WITH LATTICE SUPPORT STR...
- Publication number 20210222560
- Publication date Jul 22, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
TURBINE ROTOR BLADE WITH ANGEL WING WITH COOLANT TRANSFER PASSAGE B...
- Publication number 20210222566
- Publication date Jul 22, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Application
UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUDS INCLUDING SHOT PEEN SCREENS INTEGRALLY...
- Publication number 20210156276
- Publication date May 27, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS INCLUDING INTEGRALLY FORMED PASSAG...
- Publication number 20210154927
- Publication date May 27, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
COOLANT DELIVERY VIA AN INDEPENDENT COOLING CIRCUIT
- Publication number 20210123348
- Publication date Apr 29, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Matthew Troy Hafner
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Application
OXIDATION ACTIVATED COOLING FLOW
- Publication number 20210010423
- Publication date Jan 14, 2021
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F23 - COMBUSTION APPARATUS COMBUSTION PROCESSES
Information Patent Application
TURBINE COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING
- Publication number 20200332668
- Publication date Oct 22, 2020
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Sandip DUTTA
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Application
UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUDS INCLUDING INTERNAL COOLING PASSAGES
- Publication number 20200248558
- Publication date Aug 6, 2020
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUD FOR TURBINE SYSTEMS
- Publication number 20200248559
- Publication date Aug 6, 2020
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Sathyanarayanan Raghavan
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUDS INCLUDING STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND COL...
- Publication number 20200248557
- Publication date Aug 6, 2020
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Zachary John Snider
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED OBJECT WITH PASSAGE HAVING VARYING CROSS-SECT...
- Publication number 20200130101
- Publication date Apr 30, 2020
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Jeffrey Clarence Jones
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

Zachary John Snider

Person

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Damper element with spring-suspended bearing member for vibration d...

Stator vane assembly having mechanical retention device

Vibration damping system for turbine nozzle or blade using stacked...

Damper element with spring-suspended bearing member for vibration d...

Nested damper pin and vibration dampening system for turbine nozzle...

Cooling circuit for a stator vane braze joint

Turbine components and methods of manufacturing

Additively manufactured object using mask over opening for coating

Vibration damping system for turbine nozzle or blade using elongate...

Component with mechanical locking features incorporating adaptive c...

Vibration damping system for turbine nozzle or blade using damper p...

Impingement insert for a gas turbine engine

Vibration damping system for turbine blade or nozzle, retention sys...

Turbine rotor blade root with hollow mount with lattice support str...

Turbine nozzle assembly system with nozzle sets having different th...

Coolant delivery via an independent cooling circuit

Conforming coating mask for a component and system background

Turbine rotor blade with angel wing with coolant transfer passage b...

Turbine rotor blade with integral impingement sleeve by additive ma...

Turbine rotor blade with platform with non-linear cooling passages...

Oxidation activated cooling flow

Additive manufactured object with passage having varying cross-sect...

CMC ply assembly, CMC article, and method for forming CMC article

Sacrificial plug system

System and method for near wall cooling for turbine component

Unitary body turbine shrouds including shot peen screens integrally...

Turbine shroud including plurality of cooling passages

Unitary body turbine shroud for turbine systems

Additively manufactured hollow body component with interior curved...

Unitary body turbine shrouds including structural breakdown and col...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

TURBINE BLADE UNDER-PLATFORM STRUCTURE AND POCKET

DAMPER ELEMENT WITH FLEXIBLE LEGS FOR VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FO...

NESTED DAMPER PIN AND VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FOR TURBINE NOZZLE...

VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM INCLUDING RESONANT-TUNED ELONGATED BODY...

DAMPER ELEMENT WITH FLEXIBLE LEGS FOR VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FO...

COOLING CIRCUIT FOR A STATOR VANE BRAZE JOINT

VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEM FOR TURBOMACHINE NOZZLE OR BLADE USING VOL...

NESTED DAMPER PIN AND VIBRATION DAMPENING SYSTEM FOR TURBINE NOZZLE...

VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEM FOR TURBINE NOZZLE OR BLADE USING STACKED...

COOLING CIRCUIT FOR A STATOR VANE BRAZE JOINT

ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED OBJECT USING MASK OVER OPENING FOR COATING

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS INCLUDING INTEGRALLY FORMED PASSAG...

ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED OBJECT USING MASK OVER OPENING FOR COATING

SACRIFICIAL PLUG SYSTEM

CONFORMING COATING MASK FOR A COMPONENT AND SYSTEM BACKGROUND

COMPONENT WITH MECHANICAL LOCKING FEATURES INCORPORATING ADAPTIVE C...

IMPINGEMENT INSERT FOR A GAS TURBINE ENGINE

TURBINE ROTOR BLADE WITH INTEGRAL IMPINGEMENT SLEEVE BY ADDITIVE MA...

TURBINE ROTOR BLADE WITH PLATFORM WITH NON-LINEAR COOLING PASSAGES...

TURBINE ROTOR BLADE ROOT WITH HOLLOW MOUNT WITH LATTICE SUPPORT STR...

TURBINE ROTOR BLADE WITH ANGEL WING WITH COOLANT TRANSFER PASSAGE B...

UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUDS INCLUDING SHOT PEEN SCREENS INTEGRALLY...

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS INCLUDING INTEGRALLY FORMED PASSAG...

COOLANT DELIVERY VIA AN INDEPENDENT COOLING CIRCUIT

OXIDATION ACTIVATED COOLING FLOW

TURBINE COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING

UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUDS INCLUDING INTERNAL COOLING PASSAGES

UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUD FOR TURBINE SYSTEMS

UNITARY BODY TURBINE SHROUDS INCLUDING STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND COL...

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED OBJECT WITH PASSAGE HAVING VARYING CROSS-SECT...