After-treatment

Industry

CPC
C23C14/58

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Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C23Surface treatment C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material

Current Industry

C23C14/58After-treatment

Industries

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Laminated body and door or wall
- Patent number 12,227,991
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- AGC Inc.
- Kazuya Yaoita
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Exterior material for cooking appliance and manufacturing method th...
- Patent number 12,226,044
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Jiyoung Song
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
High-temperature component
- Patent number 12,227,829
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- Plansee SE
- Bernhard Mayr-Schmoelzer
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Yttrium ingot and sputtering target in which the yttrium ingot is used
- Patent number 12,227,830
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- Tosoh Corporation
- Yuya Tsuchida
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Grant
Multi-layer coating
- Patent number 12,221,687
- Issue date Feb 11, 2025
- CemeCon AG
- Werner Kölker
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for producing piezoelectric actuator
- Patent number 12,219,876
- Issue date Feb 4, 2025
- Seiko Epson Corporation
- Harunobu Koike
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Counter electrode for electrochromic devices
- Patent number 12,209,048
- Issue date Jan 28, 2025
- View, Inc.
- Dane Thomas Gillaspie
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Grant
Transparent superhydrophobic composition
- Patent number 12,202,007
- Issue date Jan 21, 2025
- United Protective Technologies, LLC
- Peter Craig Venema
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Ion beam sputtering with ion assisted deposition for coatings on ch...
- Patent number 12,195,839
- Issue date Jan 14, 2025
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Jennifer Y. Sun
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Use of vapor deposition coated flow paths for improved chromatograp...
- Patent number 12,180,581
- Issue date Dec 31, 2024
- Waters Technologies Corporation
- Stephen J. Shiner
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Probe sheet with contact tip on stacked multi-layer and method of m...
- Patent number 12,181,494
- Issue date Dec 31, 2024
- PROTEC MEMS TECHNOLOGY INC
- Yong Ho Cho
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Decorative PVD coated items and radomes and methods of making same
- Patent number 12,179,661
- Issue date Dec 31, 2024
- Motherson Innovations Company Limited
- Dean Caruso
- B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Manufacturing method of metal oxide and manufacturing method of sem...
- Patent number 12,176,210
- Issue date Dec 24, 2024
- Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
- Shunpei Yamazaki
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Anti-fingerprint coatings
- Patent number 12,163,052
- Issue date Dec 10, 2024
- UT-Battelle, LLC
- Tolga Aytug
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Nano robotic system for high throughput single cell DNA sequencing
- Patent number 12,163,979
- Issue date Dec 10, 2024
- Versitech Limited
- Ning Xi
- C12 - BIOCHEMISTRY BEER SPIRITS WINE VINEGAR MICROBIOLOGY ENZYMOLOGY MUTATION...
Information Patent Grant
SERS electrode having transition metal oxide nanoparticle layer
- Patent number 12,158,427
- Issue date Dec 3, 2024
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Ultraviolet radiation and atomic oxygen barrier films and methods o...
- Patent number 12,157,941
- Issue date Dec 3, 2024
- 3M Innovative Properties Company
- Sean M. Sweetnam
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Transparent conductive film-attached glass sheet, transparent condu...
- Patent number 12,145,876
- Issue date Nov 19, 2024
- Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
- Yoshinori Hasegawa
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Plated steel plate having excellent glossiness and surface property...
- Patent number 12,146,215
- Issue date Nov 19, 2024
- POSCO Co., Ltd
- Hyeon-Soop Han
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for making an SERS electrode
- Patent number 12,135,290
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Cesium tungsten oxide film and method for manufacturing same
- Patent number 12,134,819
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
- Keiichi Sato
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for measuring Raman nano-light spectra from solid support
- Patent number 12,117,400
- Issue date Oct 15, 2024
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Analyte sensors and methods for fabricating analyte sensors
- Patent number 12,110,583
- Issue date Oct 8, 2024
- Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.
- Santhisagar Vaddiraju
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Grant
Methods for perovskite device processing by vapor transport deposition
- Patent number 12,112,897
- Issue date Oct 8, 2024
- First Solar, Inc.
- Le Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate
- Patent number 12,104,243
- Issue date Oct 1, 2024
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Annamalai Lakshmanan
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Conductive thin film for ultraviolet waveband and preparation metho...
- Patent number 12,107,192
- Issue date Oct 1, 2024
- ZHONGSHAN INSTITUTE OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY, SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY O...
- Hong Wang
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Oxidation-resistant coated superalloy
- Patent number 12,103,267
- Issue date Oct 1, 2024
- Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.
- Joel Larose
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Systems and methods for tailored microstructures using templated gr...
- Patent number 12,098,456
- Issue date Sep 24, 2024
- Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of Arizona State University
- Jagannathan Rajagopalan
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Promoting adhesion of thin films
- Patent number 12,098,459
- Issue date Sep 24, 2024
- SY&SE SA
- Florian Telmont
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
TM-Al—O—N coating layers with increased thermal stability
- Patent number 12,098,457
- Issue date Sep 24, 2024
- OERLIKON SURFACE SOLUTIONS AG, PFAFFIKON
- Anders Olof Eriksson
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
COATED CUTTING TOOL
- Publication number 20250050426
- Publication date Feb 13, 2025
- WALTER AG
- Wolfgang ENGELHART
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Application
REACTIVE-ION DEPOSITION PROCESSES FOR DIELECTRIC MATERIAL FORMATION
- Publication number 20250046602
- Publication date Feb 6, 2025
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Bhaskar Jyoti Bhuyan
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
ENGINEERING METAL OXIDE LAYER INTERFACES TO IMPROVE ELECTRONIC DEVI...
- Publication number 20250040191
- Publication date Jan 30, 2025
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Dejiu Fan
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Methods for Perovskite Device Processing by Vapor Transport Deposition
- Publication number 20250029792
- Publication date Jan 23, 2025
- First Solar, Inc.
- Le Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
OPTICAL SURFACE OF A HIGH-PRECISION METAL MIRROR WITH VERY LOW ROUG...
- Publication number 20250028081
- Publication date Jan 23, 2025
- SAFRAN REOSC
- Thierry LAGRANGE
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
COATING FILM FOR AUTOMOBILE EXTERIOR
- Publication number 20250019818
- Publication date Jan 16, 2025
- Hyundai Motor Company
- Jaehwan Ha
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
INDIUM TIN OXIDE FILM COATED UPSTANDING SILICON NANOWIRES (ITO/USNW...
- Publication number 20250012791
- Publication date Jan 9, 2025
- National Chung Hsing University
- Shu-Ping Lin
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
AUTOMATED THIN FILM DEPOSITION SYSTEM AND THIN FILM DEPOSITION METH...
- Publication number 20250011918
- Publication date Jan 9, 2025
- Seoul National University R&DB Foundation
- Gyu Chul Yi
- G06 - COMPUTING CALCULATING COUNTING
Information Patent Application
GROWTH METHOD OF HIGHLY TWINNED SiGe ALLOY ON THE BASAL PLANE OF TR...
- Publication number 20250011920
- Publication date Jan 9, 2025
- United States of America as represented by the Administrator of NASA
- Hyun Jung Kim
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
AMORPHOUS TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE FILMS AND METHODS OF FABRICA...
- Publication number 20250003056
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- Corning Incorporated
- Paulo Clovis Dainese
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PLASMA-RESISTANT LAMINATE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, AND PLASM...
- Publication number 20250006468
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- KYOCERA CORPORATION
- Motohiro UMEHARA
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
GAS-ASSISTED COCRYSTAL DE-SUBLIMATION
- Publication number 20240425966
- Publication date Dec 26, 2024
- The Regents of the University of Michigan
- Max Shtein
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR IMPROVING ANTI-REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF PTC THERMOSENSIT...
- Publication number 20240428967
- Publication date Dec 26, 2024
- JIANGSU NEW LINZHI ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
- QIUYUN FU
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Application
Method for Long-Term Storage of Information and Storage Medium Ther...
- Publication number 20240416458
- Publication date Dec 19, 2024
- Ceramic Data Solution GmbH
- Martin Kunze
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Application
PLATED STEEL MATERIAL HAVING EXCELLENT ADHESION TO PLATING AND CORR...
- Publication number 20240417844
- Publication date Dec 19, 2024
- POSCO CO., LTD.
- Seok-Jun HONG
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SILICON ELECTRODES AS ANODES FOR LITHIUM BATTE...
- Publication number 20240417843
- Publication date Dec 19, 2024
- NORCSI GMBH
- Udo REICHMANN
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Application
FOLDABLE SUBSTRATES AND METHODS OF MAKING
- Publication number 20240417320
- Publication date Dec 19, 2024
- Corning Incorporated
- ROBERT ALAN BELLMAN
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
P-TYPE GALLIUM OXIDE FILM, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION T...
- Publication number 20240410047
- Publication date Dec 12, 2024
- HUBEI UNIVERSITY
- Yunbin HE
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SELECTIVE WAVEGUIDE ION IMPLANTATION TO ADJUST LOCAL REFRACTIVE IND...
- Publication number 20240411085
- Publication date Dec 12, 2024
- Applied Materials, Inc.
- Qintao ZHANG
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
LAMINATE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME
- Publication number 20240401184
- Publication date Dec 5, 2024
- TOSOH CORPORATION
- Yuya SUEMOTO
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CRYSTALLIZED LAMINATED STRUCTURE
- Publication number 20240401224
- Publication date Dec 5, 2024
- Junji Tominaga
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
COATED ARTICLE WITH ENHANCED OXIDATION RESISTANCE PROPERTIES
- Publication number 20240392429
- Publication date Nov 28, 2024
- OERLIKON SURFACE SOLUTIONS AG, PFÄFFIKON
- Thomas GLECHNER
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
MULTI-CHAMBER PROCESSING TOOL WITH ENHANCED THROUGHPUT
- Publication number 20240395514
- Publication date Nov 28, 2024
- Prashant AGARWAL
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
OPTICAL FILTER AND SENSOR SYSTEM
- Publication number 20240393516
- Publication date Nov 28, 2024
- VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
- Karen Denise HENDRIX
- G06 - COMPUTING CALCULATING COUNTING
Information Patent Application
WAFER CHUCK STRUCTURE WITH HOLES IN UPPER SURFACE TO IMPROVE TEMPER...
- Publication number 20240379400
- Publication date Nov 14, 2024
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
- Ting-Jung Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
A METHOD FOR PATTERNING A SUBSTRATE, A METHOD FOR FORMING A MICROST...
- Publication number 20240376587
- Publication date Nov 14, 2024
- CRAIF INC.
- Keishu TSUDA
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
WINDOW, DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTUR...
- Publication number 20240368749
- Publication date Nov 7, 2024
- SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD.
- JONGHWAN CHO
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SILICON CARBIDE MATERIAL
- Publication number 20240359991
- Publication date Oct 31, 2024
- GLOBALWAFERS CO., LTD.
- Ching-Shan Lin
- C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
EXTERNAL PART FOR WATCHES OR JEWELLERY COMPRISING A COATING OF SATU...
- Publication number 20240358127
- Publication date Oct 31, 2024
- THE SWATCH GROUP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LTD
- Marta FORNABAIO
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METALLIC FOAM BODY WITH CONTROLLED GRAIN SIZE ON ITS SURFACE, PROCE...
- Publication number 20240359431
- Publication date Oct 31, 2024
- ALANTUM EUROPE GMBH
- Rene Poss
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY

After-treatment

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Laminated body and door or wall

Exterior material for cooking appliance and manufacturing method th...

High-temperature component

Yttrium ingot and sputtering target in which the yttrium ingot is used

Multi-layer coating

Method for producing piezoelectric actuator

Counter electrode for electrochromic devices

Transparent superhydrophobic composition

Ion beam sputtering with ion assisted deposition for coatings on ch...

Use of vapor deposition coated flow paths for improved chromatograp...

Probe sheet with contact tip on stacked multi-layer and method of m...

Decorative PVD coated items and radomes and methods of making same

Manufacturing method of metal oxide and manufacturing method of sem...

Anti-fingerprint coatings

Nano robotic system for high throughput single cell DNA sequencing

SERS electrode having transition metal oxide nanoparticle layer

Ultraviolet radiation and atomic oxygen barrier films and methods o...

Transparent conductive film-attached glass sheet, transparent condu...

Plated steel plate having excellent glossiness and surface property...

Method for making an SERS electrode

Cesium tungsten oxide film and method for manufacturing same

Method for measuring Raman nano-light spectra from solid support

Analyte sensors and methods for fabricating analyte sensors

Methods for perovskite device processing by vapor transport deposition

Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate

Conductive thin film for ultraviolet waveband and preparation metho...

Oxidation-resistant coated superalloy

Systems and methods for tailored microstructures using templated gr...

Promoting adhesion of thin films

TM-Al—O—N coating layers with increased thermal stability

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

COATED CUTTING TOOL

REACTIVE-ION DEPOSITION PROCESSES FOR DIELECTRIC MATERIAL FORMATION

ENGINEERING METAL OXIDE LAYER INTERFACES TO IMPROVE ELECTRONIC DEVI...

Methods for Perovskite Device Processing by Vapor Transport Deposition

OPTICAL SURFACE OF A HIGH-PRECISION METAL MIRROR WITH VERY LOW ROUG...

COATING FILM FOR AUTOMOBILE EXTERIOR

INDIUM TIN OXIDE FILM COATED UPSTANDING SILICON NANOWIRES (ITO/USNW...

AUTOMATED THIN FILM DEPOSITION SYSTEM AND THIN FILM DEPOSITION METH...

GROWTH METHOD OF HIGHLY TWINNED SiGe ALLOY ON THE BASAL PLANE OF TR...

AMORPHOUS TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE FILMS AND METHODS OF FABRICA...

PLASMA-RESISTANT LAMINATE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, AND PLASM...

GAS-ASSISTED COCRYSTAL DE-SUBLIMATION

METHOD FOR IMPROVING ANTI-REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF PTC THERMOSENSIT...

Method for Long-Term Storage of Information and Storage Medium Ther...

PLATED STEEL MATERIAL HAVING EXCELLENT ADHESION TO PLATING AND CORR...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SILICON ELECTRODES AS ANODES FOR LITHIUM BATTE...

FOLDABLE SUBSTRATES AND METHODS OF MAKING

P-TYPE GALLIUM OXIDE FILM, AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION T...

SELECTIVE WAVEGUIDE ION IMPLANTATION TO ADJUST LOCAL REFRACTIVE IND...

LAMINATE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CRYSTALLIZED LAMINATED STRUCTURE

COATED ARTICLE WITH ENHANCED OXIDATION RESISTANCE PROPERTIES

MULTI-CHAMBER PROCESSING TOOL WITH ENHANCED THROUGHPUT

OPTICAL FILTER AND SENSOR SYSTEM

WAFER CHUCK STRUCTURE WITH HOLES IN UPPER SURFACE TO IMPROVE TEMPER...

A METHOD FOR PATTERNING A SUBSTRATE, A METHOD FOR FORMING A MICROST...

WINDOW, DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTUR...

SILICON CARBIDE MATERIAL

EXTERNAL PART FOR WATCHES OR JEWELLERY COMPRISING A COATING OF SATU...

METALLIC FOAM BODY WITH CONTROLLED GRAIN SIZE ON ITS SURFACE, PROCE...