Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C04Concrete, cement, ceramics C04BLIME, MAGNESIA SLAG CEMENTS COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products

C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3201Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3203Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3206Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3208Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/321Dolomites C04B2235/3212Calcium phosphates C04B2235/3213Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3215Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3217Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3218Aluminium (oxy)hydroxides C04B2235/322Transition aluminas C04B2235/3222Aluminates other than alumino-silicates C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3225Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3227Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3229Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3232Titanium oxides or titanates C04B2235/3234Titanates, not containing zirconia C04B2235/3236Alkaline earth titanates C04B2235/3237Substoichiometric titanium oxides C04B2235/3239Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3241Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3243Chromates or chromites C04B2235/3244Zirconium oxides, zirconates, gafmium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3246Stabilised zirconias C04B2235/3248Zirconates or hafnates C04B2235/3249containing also titanium oxide or titanates C04B2235/3251Niobium oxides, niobates, tatalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3253Substoichiometric niobium or tantalum oxides C04B2235/3255Niobates or tantalates C04B2235/3256Molybdenum oxides, molybdates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3258Tungsten oxides, tungstates, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/326Tungstates C04B2235/3262Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3263Mn3O4 C04B2235/3265Mn2O3 C04B2235/3267MnO2 C04B2235/3268Manganates, manganites, rhenates or rhenites C04B2235/327Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3272Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3274Ferrites C04B2235/3275Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3277Co3O4 C04B2235/3279Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3281Copper oxides, cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof C04B2235/3282Cuprates C04B2235/3284Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3286Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3287Germanium oxides, germanates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3289Noble metal oxides C04B2235/3291Silver oxides C04B2235/3293Tin oxides, stannates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3294Antimony oxides, antimonates, antimonites or oxide forming salts thereof, indium antimonate C04B2235/3296Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3298Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating C04B2235/3409Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3418Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof C04B2235/3427Silicates other than clay C04B2235/3436Alkaline earth metal silicates C04B2235/3445Magnesium silicates C04B2235/3454Calcium silicates C04B2235/3463Alumino-silicates other than clay C04B2235/3472Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay C04B2235/3481Alkaline earth metal alumino-silicates other than clay C04B2235/349Clays C04B2235/36Glass starting materials for making ceramics C04B2235/365Borosilicate glass C04B2235/38Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives C04B2235/3804Borides C04B2235/3808Magnesium borides C04B2235/3813Refractory metal borides C04B2235/3817Carbides C04B2235/3821Boron carbides C04B2235/3826Silicon carbides C04B2235/383Alpha silicon carbide C04B2235/3834Beta silicon carbide C04B2235/3839Refractory metal carbides C04B2235/3843Titanium carbides C04B2235/3847Tungsten carbides C04B2235/3852Nitrides C04B2235/3856Carbonitrides C04B2235/386Boron nitrides C04B2235/3865Aluminium nitrides C04B2235/3869Aluminium oxynitrides C04B2235/3873Silicon nitrides C04B2235/3878Alpha silicon nitrides C04B2235/3882Beta silicon nitrides C04B2235/3886Refractory metal nitrides C04B2235/3891Silicides C04B2235/3895Non-oxides with a defined oxygen content C04B2235/40Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase C04B2235/401Alkaline earth metals C04B2235/402Aluminium C04B2235/404Refractory metals C04B2235/405Iron group metals C04B2235/407Copper C04B2235/408Noble metals C04B2235/42Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives C04B2235/421Boron C04B2235/422Carbon C04B2235/424Carbon black C04B2235/425Graphite C04B2235/427Diamond C04B2235/428Silicon C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions C04B2235/441Alkoxides C04B2235/442Carbonates C04B2235/443Nitrates or nitrites C04B2235/444Halide containing anions C04B2235/445Fluoride containing anions C04B2235/446Sulfides, tellurides or selenides C04B2235/447Phosphates or phosphites C04B2235/448Sulphates or sulphites C04B2235/449Organic acids C04B2235/46Gases other than oxygen used as reactant C04B2235/465Ammonia C04B2235/48Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment C04B2235/483Si-containing organic compounds C04B2235/486Boron containing organic compounds C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes C04B2235/5204Monocrystalline powders C04B2235/5208Fibers C04B2235/5212Organic C04B2235/5216Inorganic C04B2235/522Oxidic C04B2235/5224Alumina or aluminates C04B2235/5228Silica and alumina, including aluminosilicates C04B2235/5232Silica or silicates other than aluminosilicates C04B2235/5236Zirconia C04B2235/524Non-oxidic C04B2235/5244Silicon carbide C04B2235/5248Carbon C04B2235/5252having a specific pre-form C04B2235/5256Two-dimensional C04B2235/526charachterised by the length of the fibers C04B2235/5264charachterised by the diameter of the fibers C04B2235/5268Orientation of the fibers C04B2235/5272Fibers of the same material with different length or diameter C04B2235/5276Whiskers, spindles, needles or pins C04B2235/528Spheres C04B2235/5284Hollow fibers C04B2235/5288Carbon nanotubes C04B2235/5292Flakes, platelets or plates C04B2235/5296with a defined aspect ratio C04B2235/54Particle size related information C04B2235/5409expressed by specific surface values C04B2235/5418expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof C04B2235/5427millimeter or submillimeter sized C04B2235/5436micrometer sized C04B2235/5445submicron sized C04B2235/5454nanometer sized C04B2235/5463Particle size distributions C04B2235/5472Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fraction C04B2235/5481Monomodal C04B2235/549the particle size being expressed by crystallite size or primary particle size C04B2235/60Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms C04B2235/602Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding C04B2235/6021Extrusion moulding C04B2235/6022Injection moulding C04B2235/6023Gel casting C04B2235/6025Tape casting C04B2235/6026Computer aided shaping C04B2235/6027Slip casting C04B2235/6028Shaping around a core which is removed later C04B2235/604Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures C04B2235/605Making or treating the green body or pre-form in a magnetic field C04B2235/606Drying C04B2235/608Green bodies or pre-forms with well-defined density C04B2235/61Mechanical properties C04B2235/612Machining C04B2235/614Gas infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms C04B2235/616Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics C04B2235/652Reduction treatment C04B2235/656characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment C04B2235/6562Heating rate C04B2235/6565Cooling rate C04B2235/6567Treatment time C04B2235/658Atmosphere during thermal treatment C04B2235/6581Total pressure below 1 atmosphere C04B2235/6582Hydrogen containing atmosphere C04B2235/6583Oxygen containing atmosphere C04B2235/6584at an oxygen percentage below that of air C04B2235/6585at an oxygen percentage above that of air C04B2235/6586Processes characterised by the flow of gas C04B2235/6587Influencing the atmosphere by vaporising a solid material C04B2235/6588Water vapor containing atmospheres C04B2235/66Specific sintering techniques C04B2235/661Multi-step sintering C04B2235/662Annealing after sintering C04B2235/663Oxidative annealing C04B2235/664Reductive annealing C04B2235/665Local sintering C04B2235/666Applying a current during sintering C04B2235/667Sintering using wave energy C04B2235/668Pressureless sintering C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products C04B2235/72Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components C04B2235/721Carbon content C04B2235/722Nitrogen content C04B2235/723Oxygen content C04B2235/724Halogenide content C04B2235/725Metal content C04B2235/726Sulfur content C04B2235/727Phosphorus or phosphorus compound content C04B2235/728Silicon content C04B2235/74Physical characteristics C04B2235/75Products with a concentration gradient C04B2235/76Crystal structural characteristics C04B2235/761Unit-cell parameters C04B2235/762Cubic symmetry C04B2235/763Spinel structure AB2O4 C04B2235/764Garnet structure A3B2(CO4)3 C04B2235/765Tetragonal symmetry C04B2235/766Trigonal symmetry C04B2235/767Hexagonal symmetry C04B2235/768Perovskite structure ABO3 C04B2235/77Density C04B2235/775Products showing a density-gradient C04B2235/78Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures C04B2235/781Nanograined materials C04B2235/782Grain size distributions C04B2235/783Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fractional C04B2235/784Monomodal C04B2235/785Submicron sized grains C04B2235/786Micrometer sized grains C04B2235/787Oriented grains C04B2235/788Aspect ratio of the grains C04B2235/79Non-stoichiometric products C04B2235/80Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase C04B2235/81Materials characterised by the absence of phases other than the main phase C04B2235/83Ferrites containing Fe2+ C04B2235/85Intergranular or grain boundary phases C04B2235/87Grain boundary phases intentionally being absent C04B2235/94Products characterised by their shape C04B2235/945Products containing grooves, cuts, recesses or protusions C04B2235/95Products characterised by their size C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products C04B2235/9607Thermal properties C04B2235/9615Linear firing shrinkage C04B2235/9623Ceramic setters properties C04B2235/963Surface properties C04B2235/9638Tolerance Dimensional accuracy C04B2235/9646Optical properties C04B2235/9653Translucent or transparant ceramics other than alumina C04B2235/9661Colour C04B2235/9669Resistance against chemicals C04B2235/9676against molten metals such as steel or aluminium C04B2235/9684Oxidation resistance C04B2235/9692Acid, alkali or halogen resistance