Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds

BPERFORMING OPERATIONS TRANSPORTING B01Physical, chemical processing B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES

B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds

B01J31/003containing enzymes B01J31/006comprising organic radicals B01J31/02containing organic compounds or metal hydrides B01J31/0201Oxygen-containing compounds B01J31/0202Alcohols or phenols B01J31/0204Ethers B01J31/0205comprising carbonyl groups or oxygen-containing derivatives B01J31/0207Aldehydes or acetals B01J31/0208Ketones or ketals B01J31/0209Esters of carboxylic or carbonic acids B01J31/0211with a metal-oxygen link B01J31/0212Alkoxylates B01J31/0214Aryloxylates B01J31/0215Sulfur-containing compounds B01J31/0217Mercaptans or thiols B01J31/0218Sulfides B01J31/022Disulfides B01J31/0221Polysulfides B01J31/0222comprising sulfonyl groups B01J31/0224being perfluorinated B01J31/0225comprising sulfonic acid groups or the corresponding salts B01J31/0227being perfluorinated B01J31/0228with a metal-sulfur link B01J31/0229also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0214 B01J31/0231Halogen-containing compounds B01J31/0232also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0228 B01J31/0234Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds B01J31/0235Nitrogen containing compounds B01J31/0237Amines B01J31/0238with a primary amino group B01J31/0239Quaternary ammonium compounds B01J31/0241Imines or enamines B01J31/0242Enamines B01J31/0244with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties B01J31/0245being derivatives of carboxylic or carbonic acids B01J31/0247Imides, amides or imidates (R-C=NR(OR)) B01J31/0248Nitriles B01J31/0249Ureas (R2N-C(=O)-NR2) B01J31/0251Guanidides (R2N-C(=NR)-NR2) B01J31/0252with a metal-nitrogen link B01J31/0254on mineral substrates B01J31/0255Phosphorus containing compounds B01J31/0257Phosphorus acids or phosphorus acid esters B01J31/0258Phosphoric acid mono-, di- or triesters ((RO)(R’O)2P=O) B01J31/0259comprising phosphorous acid (-ester) groups ((RO)P(OR’)2) or the isomeric phosphonic acid (-ester) groups (R(R’O)2P=O) B01J31/0261comprising phosphonous acid (-ester) groups (RP(OR’)2) or the isomeric phosphinic acid (-ester) groups (R2(R’O)P=O) B01J31/0262comprising phosphinous acid (-ester) groups (R2P(OR’)) or the isomeric phosphine oxide groups (R3P=O) B01J31/0264Phosphorus acid amides B01J31/0265Phosphazenes, oligomers thereof or the corresponding phosphazenium salts B01J31/0267Phosphines or phosphonium compounds B01J31/0268Phosphonium compounds B01J31/0269on mineral substrates B01J31/0271also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0231 B01J31/0272containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255 B01J31/0274containing silicon B01J31/0275also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0269 B01J31/0277comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature B01J31/0278containing nitrogen as cationic centre B01J31/0279the cationic portion being acyclic or nitrogen being a substituent on a ring B01J31/0281the nitrogen being a ring member B01J31/0282of an aliphatic ring B01J31/0284of an aromatic ring B01J31/0285also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0274 B01J31/0287containing atoms other than nitrogen as cationic centre B01J31/0288Phosphorus B01J31/0289Sulfur B01J31/0291also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0274 B01J31/0292immobilised on a substrate B01J31/0294by polar or ionic interaction with the substrate B01J31/0295by covalent attachment to the substrate B01J31/0297the substrate being a soluble polymer, dendrimer or oligomer of characteristic microstructure of groups B01J31/061 - B01J31/068 B01J31/0298the ionic liquids being characterised by the counter-anions B01J31/04containing carboxylic acids or their salts B01J31/06containing polymers B01J31/061Chiral polymers B01J31/062Polymeric amino acids B01J31/063Polymers comprising a characteristic microstructure B01J31/064Dendrimers B01J31/065Cyclodextrins B01J31/066Calixarenes and hetero-analogues B01J31/067Molecularly imprinted polymers B01J31/068Polyalkylene glycols B01J31/069Hybrid organic-inorganic polymers B01J31/08Ion-exchange resins B01J31/10sulfonated B01J31/12containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides B01J31/121Metal hydrides B01J31/122Metal aryl or alkyl compounds B01J31/123Organometallic polymers B01J31/124Silicones or siloxanes or comprising such units B01J31/125Cyclic siloxanes B01J31/126the siloxanes or siloxane units, cyclic or not, comprising an additional Si-H bond B01J31/127the siloxane units B01J31/128Mixtures of organometallic compounds B01J31/14of aluminium or boron B01J31/143of aluminium B01J31/146of boron B01J31/16containing coordination complexes B01J31/1608the ligands containing silicon B01J31/1616Coordination complexes B01J31/1625immobilised by covalent linkages B01J31/1633covalent linkages via silicon containing groups B01J31/1641established via a metathesis reaction using a silicon-containing olefin B01J31/165Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g.organometallic complexes B01J31/1658immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups B01J31/1666the linkage established via an olefin metathesis reaction B01J31/1675the linkage being to an organometallic polymer covered by groups B01J31/123 - B01J31/127 B01J31/1683the linkage being to a soluble polymer, e.g. PEG or dendrimer B01J31/1691Coordination polymers B01J31/18containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms B01J31/1805the ligands containing nitrogen B01J31/181Cyclic ligands, including non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member B01J31/1815with more than one complexing nitrogen atom B01J31/182comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/1825Ligands comprising condensed ring systems B01J31/183with more than one complexing nitrogen atom B01J31/1835comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/184mixed aromatic/aliphatic ring systems B01J31/1845the ligands containing phosphorus B01J31/185Phosphites ((RO)3P) , their isomeric phosphonates (R(RO)2P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof B01J31/1855Triamide derivatives thereof B01J31/186Mono- or diamide derivatives thereof B01J31/1865Phosphonites (RP(OR)2) , their isomeric phosphinates (R2(RO)P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof B01J31/187Amide derivatives thereof B01J31/1875Phosphinites (R2P(OR), their isomeric phosphine oxides (R3P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof) B01J31/188Amide derivatives thereof B01J31/1885Ligands comprising two different formal oxidation states of phosphorus in one at least bidentate ligand, e.g.phosphite/phosphinite B01J31/189containing both nitrogen and phosphorus as complexing atoms, including phosphino moieties, in one at least bidentate ligand B01J31/1895the ligands containing arsenic or antimony B01J31/20Carbonyls B01J31/22Organic complexes B01J31/2204the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms B01J31/2208Oxygen B01J31/2213At least two complexing oxygen atoms present in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand B01J31/2217At least one oxygen and one nitrogen atom present as complexing atoms in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand B01J31/2221At least one oxygen and one phosphorous atom present as complexing atoms in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand B01J31/2226Anionic ligands B01J31/223At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand B01J31/2234Beta-dicarbonyl ligands B01J31/2239Bridging ligands B01J31/2243At least one oxygen and one nitrogen atom present as complexing atoms in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand B01J31/2247At least one oxygen and one phosphorous atom present as complexing atoms in an at least bidentate or bridging ligand B01J31/2252Sulfonate ligands B01J31/2256being perfluorinated B01J31/226Sulfur B01J31/2265Carbenes or carbynes, i.e.(image) B01J31/2269Heterocyclic carbenes B01J31/2273with only nitrogen as heteroatomic ring members B01J31/2278Complexes comprising two carbene ligands differing from each other B01J31/2282Unsaturated compounds used as ligands B01J31/2286Alkynes B01J31/2291Olefins B01J31/2295Cyclic compounds B01J31/24Phosphines B01J31/2404Cyclic ligands, including non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring B01J31/2409with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom B01J31/2414comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/2419comprising P as ring member B01J31/2423comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/2428with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom B01J31/2433comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/2438and further hetero atoms as ring members, excluding the positions adjacent to P B01J31/2442comprising condensed ring systems B01J31/2447and phosphine-P atoms as substituents on a ring of the condensed system or on a further attached ring B01J31/2452with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom B01J31/2457comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/2461and phosphine-P atoms as ring members in the condensed ring system or in a further ring B01J31/2466comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/2471with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom B01J31/2476comprising aliphatic or saturated rings B01J31/248Bridged ring systems B01J31/2485Tricyclic systems B01J31/249Spiro-condensed ring systems B01J31/2495Ligands comprising a phosphine-P atom and one or more further complexing phosphorus atoms covered by groups B01J31/1845 - B01J31/1885 B01J31/26containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 B01J31/28of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper B01J31/30Halides B01J31/32of manganese, technetium or rhenium B01J31/34of chromium, molybdenum or tungsten B01J31/36of vanadium, niobium or tantalum B01J31/38of titanium, zirconium or hafnium B01J31/40Regeneration or reactivation B01J31/4007of catalysts containing polymers B01J31/4015of catalysts containing metals B01J31/4023containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper B01J31/403containing iron group metals or copper B01J31/4038containing noble metals B01J31/4046containing rhodium B01J31/4053with recovery of phosphorous catalyst system constituents B01J31/4061involving membrane separation B01J31/4069involving extraction with coordinating ionic liquids or supercritical fluids B01J31/4076involving electrochemical processes B01J31/4084involving electromagnetic wave energy B01J31/4092involving a stripping step, with stripping gas or solvent