Data switching networks

HELECTRICITY H04Electric communication H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION

H04L12/00Data switching networks

H04L12/02Details H04L12/04Switchboards H04L12/06Answer-back mechanisms or circuits H04L12/08Alloting numbers to messages Counting characters, words or messages H04L12/10Current supply arrangements H04L12/12Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof H04L12/14Metering, charging or billing arrangements specially adapted for data wireline or wireless communications H04L12/1403Architecture for metering, charging or billing H04L12/1407Policy-and-charging control [PCC] architecture H04L12/141Indication of costs H04L12/1414in real-time H04L12/1417Advice of charge with threshold H04L12/1421Indication of expected costs H04L12/1425involving dedicated fields in the data packet for billing purposes H04L12/1428Invoice generation H04L12/1432Metric aspects H04L12/1435volume-based H04L12/1439time-based H04L12/1442at network operator level H04L12/1446inter-operator billing H04L12/145trading network capacity or selecting route based on tariff H04L12/1453Methods or systems for payment or settlement of the charges for data transmission involving significant interaction with the data transmission network H04L12/1457using an account H04L12/146using digital cash H04L12/1464using a card, such as credit card, prepay card or SIM H04L12/1467involving prepayment H04L12/1471splitting of costs H04L12/1475the splitting involving a third party H04L12/1478the splitting involving only the communication parties H04L12/1482involving use of telephony infrastructure for billing for the transport of data H04L12/1485Tariff-related aspects H04L12/1489dependent on congestion H04L12/1492negotiation of tariff H04L12/1496involving discounts H04L12/16Arrangements for providing special services to substations contains provisionally no documents H04L12/18for broadcast or conference H04L12/1804for stock exchange and similar applications H04L12/1809for auctioneering devices H04L12/1813for computer conferences H04L12/1818Conference organisation arrangements H04L12/1822Conducting the conference H04L12/1827Network arrangements for conference optimisation or adaptation H04L12/1831Tracking arrangements for later retrieval H04L12/1836with heterogeneous network architecture H04L12/184with heterogeneous receivers H04L12/1845broadcast or multicast in a specific location H04L12/185with management of multicast group membership H04L12/1854with non-centralised forwarding system H04L12/1859adapted to provide push services H04L12/1863comprising mechanisms for improved reliability H04L12/1868Measures taken after transmission H04L12/1872avoiding ACK or NACK implosion H04L12/1877Measures taken prior to transmission H04L12/1881with schedule organisation H04L12/1886with traffic restrictions for efficiency improvement H04L12/189in combination with wireless systems H04L12/1895for short real-time information H04L12/22Arrangements for preventing the taking of data from a data transmission channel without authorisation H04L12/24Arrangements for maintenance or administration H04L12/2401involving integration or standardization H04L12/2402using standardized network management architectures H04L12/2403using standardized network management protocols H04L12/2404Multivendor or multistandard integration H04L12/2405Mapping or translation of multiple network management protocols H04L12/2406using object oriented techniques H04L12/2407using relational databases for representation of network management data H04L12/2408using Internet technology H04L12/2409Architectural aspects of network management arrangements H04L12/241Arrangements involving multiple distributed management centers cooperatively managing the network H04L12/2411Arrangements involving a hierarchical management structure H04L12/2412Aspects of network management Agents H04L12/2413Arrangements involving CNM [Customer Network Management] H04L12/2414involving network analysis H04L12/2415using statistical methods H04L12/2416for automatically determining the actual topology of a network H04L12/2417Service management, i.e. managing value added network services and related parameters H04L12/2418involving monitoring of all traffic over a specific network link H04L12/2419involving management of faults or events or alarms H04L12/242Alarm or event filtering H04L12/2421Alarm and event correlation H04L12/2422Automatic restoration of network faults H04L12/2423involving Artificial Intelligence algorithms H04L12/2424Configuration management of network or network elements H04L12/2425Configuration setting of network or network elements H04L12/2426for initial configuration or provisioning H04L12/2427Plug-and-play configuration H04L12/2428Changing of configuration H04L12/2429due to adaptation H04L12/243due to updating or upgrading of network functionality H04L12/2431Configuration optimization H04L12/2432for network cost reduction H04L12/2433for network speed increase H04L12/2434to reduce network energy consumption H04L12/2435to enhance reliability H04L12/2436Configuration by copying H04L12/2437based on generic templates H04L12/2438based on copy from other elements H04L12/2439Bandwidth or capacity management, i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities H04L12/244Assignment of logical groupings to network elements; Policy based network management or configuration H04L12/2441Keeping track of network configuration H04L12/2442by actively collecting or retrieving configuration information H04L12/2443by archiving or backing up configuration information H04L12/2444by keeping history of different configuration generations or versions H04L12/2445by rolling back to previous configuration versions H04L12/2446Checking configuration H04L12/2447by validating configuration within one network element H04L12/2448by checking configuration conflicts with other network elements H04L12/2449Aspects of the degree of configuration automation H04L12/2451Manual configuration through operator H04L12/2452Semiautomatic configuration H04L12/2453Fully automatic configuration H04L12/2454Techniques to speed-up the configuration process H04L12/2455Hardware and software tools for network management H04L12/2456for network design H04L12/2457Network management software packages H04L12/2458using GUI [Graphical User Interface] H04L12/2459using dedicated network management hardware H04L12/246using dedicated tools for LAN [Local Area Network] management H04L12/2461Security in network management H04L12/2462Decision processes by autonomous network management units using voting and bidding H04L12/2463Specific management aspects for broadband networks H04L12/2464Network service management, ensuring proper service fulfilment according to an agreement or contract between two parties H04L12/2465Managing SLA [Service Level Agreement] or interaction between SLA and QoS [Quality of Service] H04L12/2466Defining or negotiating SLA contracts, guarantees or penalties H04L12/2467Measuring SLA quality parameters H04L12/2468determining service availability H04L12/2469based on actual status of service availability H04L12/247based statistics of service availability H04L12/2471determining service performance, i.e. performance on service level H04L12/2472Ensuring SLA H04L12/2473by giving priorities H04L12/2474by proactively reacting to service quality change ( H04L12/2475Service quality level based billing H04L12/2476Generating service level reports H04L12/2477Measuring contribution of individual network components to actual service level H04L12/2478Testing of service level quality H04L12/2479Service implementation H04L12/248Making service definitions prior to deployment H04L12/2481Automatic or semi-automatic definitions H04L12/2482Service on demand H04L12/2483Automatic provisioning of the service triggered by the service manager H04L12/2484Service discovery by the Service Manager H04L12/2485Customer care H04L12/2486Customer Relationship Management H04L12/2487Customer-centric QoS [Quality of Service Measurement] H04L12/2488Filtering out customers affected by service problems H04L12/2489Handling of Trouble Tickets H04L12/249Managing simple transport services H04L12/2491based on type of value added network service under agreement H04L12/2492wherein the managed service relates to web hosting H04L12/2493wherein the managed service relates to voice services H04L12/2494wherein the managed service relates to audio / video / TV H04L12/2495wherein the managed service relates to messaging H04L12/2496wherein the managed service relates to chat services H04L12/2497wherein the managed service relates to access to distributed or central networked applications H04L12/2498wherein the managed service relates to media content delivery over network H04L12/26Monitoring arrangements Testing arrangements H04L12/2602Monitoring arrangements H04L12/2605involving a reduction of monitoring data H04L12/2607using sampling of monitoring data H04L12/261using adaptive sampling H04L12/2613using flow Flow generation H04L12/2615using filtering H04L12/2618processing of captured monitoring data H04L12/2621for graphical visualization of monitoring data H04L12/2623Report generation H04L12/2626for traffic related reporting H04L12/2628for device related reporting H04L12/2631for time frame related reporting H04L12/2634Monitoring using or based on specific metrics H04L12/2636based on availability H04L12/2639based on connectivity H04L12/2642based on functioning H04L12/2644using errors H04L12/2647using packet loss H04L12/2649using one way packet loss H04L12/2652using round trip packet loss H04L12/2655based on transmission error H04L12/2657based on delays H04L12/266based on one way delays H04L12/2663based on round trip delays H04L12/2665based on Jitter H04L12/2668based on network utilization H04L12/2671based on utilization of link capacity H04L12/2673based on throughput H04L12/2676based on packet rate H04L12/2678using active monitoring H04L12/2681with adaptive polling H04L12/2684by adding timestamps to packets H04L12/2686using dedicated network monitoring probes H04L12/2689using software H04L12/2692using threshold monitoring H04L12/2694using protocol analyzers H04L12/2697Testing equipment; Routine testing H04L12/28characterised by path configuration H04L12/2801Broadband local area networks H04L12/2803Home automation networks H04L12/2805Home Audio Video Interoperability [HAVI] networks H04L12/2807Exchanging configuration information on appliance services in a home automation network H04L12/2809indicating that an appliance service is present in a home automation network H04L12/281indicating a format for calling an appliance service function in a home automation network H04L12/2812describing content present in a home automation network H04L12/2814Exchanging control software or macros for controlling appliance services in a home automation network H04L12/2816Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities H04L12/2818from a device located outside both the home and the home network H04L12/282based on user interaction within the home H04L12/2821Avoiding conflicts related to the use of home appliances H04L12/2823Reporting information sensed by appliance or service execution status of appliance services in a home automation network H04L12/2825Reporting to a device located outside the home and the home network H04L12/2827Reporting to a device within the home network; wherein the reception of the information reported automatically triggers the execution of a home appliance functionality H04L12/2829involving user profiles according to which the execution of a home appliance functionality is automatically triggered H04L12/283Processing of data at an internetworking point of a home automation network H04L12/2832Interconnection of the control functionalities between home networks H04L12/2834Switching of information between an external network and a home network H04L12/2836Protocol conversion between an external network and a home network H04L12/2838Distribution of signals within a home automation network H04L12/2852Metropolitan area networks H04L12/2854Wide area networks H04L12/2856Access arrangements H04L12/2858Access network architectures H04L12/2859Point-to-point connection between the data network and the subscribers H04L12/2861Point-to-multipoint connection from the data network to the subscribers H04L12/2863Arrangements for combining access network resources elements H04L12/2865Logical combinations H04L12/2867Physical combinations H04L12/2869Operational details of access network equipments H04L12/287Remote access server H04L12/2872Termination of subscriber connections H04L12/2874Processing of data for distribution to the subscribers H04L12/2876Handling of subscriber policies H04L12/2878Access multiplexer H04L12/2879characterised by the network type on the uplink side H04L12/2881IP/Ethernet DSLAM H04L12/2883ATM DSLAM H04L12/2885Arrangements interfacing with optical systems H04L12/2887characterised by the offered subscriber services H04L12/2889Multiservice H04L12/289Single service H04L12/2892characterised by the access multiplexer architecture H04L12/2894Centralized processing H04L12/2896Distributed processing H04L12/2898Subscriber equipments H04L12/40Bus networks H04L12/40006Architecture of a communication node H04L12/40013Details regarding a bus controller H04L12/40019Details regarding a bus master H04L12/40026Details regarding a bus guardian H04L12/40032Details regarding a bus interface enhancer H04L12/40039Details regarding the setting of the power status of a node according to activity on the bus H04L12/40045Details regarding the feeding of energy to the node from the bus H04L12/40052High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus H04L12/40058Isochronous transmission H04L12/40065Bandwidth and channel allocation H04L12/40071Packet processing; Packet format H04L12/40078Bus configuration H04L12/40084Bus arbitration H04L12/40091Bus bridging H04L12/40097Interconnection with other networks H04L12/40104Security; Encryption; Content protection H04L12/4011Wireless H04L12/40117Interconnection of audio or video/imaging devices H04L12/40123Interconnection of computers and peripherals H04L12/4013Management of data rate on the bus H04L12/40136Nodes adapting their rate to the physical link properties H04L12/40143involving priority mechanisms H04L12/4015by scheduling the transmission of messages at the communication node H04L12/40156by using dedicated slots associated with a priority level H04L12/40163by assigning priority to messages according to a message field H04L12/40169Flexible bus arrangements H04L12/40176involving redundancy H04L12/40182by using a plurality of communication lines H04L12/40189by using a plurality of bus systems H04L12/40195by using a plurality of nodes H04L12/40202by using a plurality of master stations H04L12/403with centralised control H04L12/4035in which slots of a TDMA packet structure are assigned based on a contention resolution carried out at a master unit H04L12/407with decentralised control H04L12/413with random access H04L12/4135using bit-wise arbitration H04L12/417with deterministic access H04L12/42Loop networks H04L12/422Synchronisation for ring networks H04L12/423with centralised control H04L12/427with decentralised control H04L12/43with synchronous transmission H04L12/433with asynchronous transmission H04L12/437Ring fault isolation or reconfiguration H04L12/44Star or tree networks H04L12/46Interconnection of networks H04L12/4604LAN interconnection over a backbone network H04L12/4608LAN interconnection over ATM networks H04L12/4612LAN interconnection over narrowband networks H04L12/4616LAN interconnection over a LAN backbone H04L12/462LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone H04L12/4625Single bridge functionality H04L12/4633Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques H04L12/4637Interconnected ring systems H04L12/4641Virtual LANs, VLANs H04L12/4645Details on frame tagging H04L12/465wherein a single frame includes a plurality of VLAN tags H04L12/4654wherein a VLAN tag represents a customer VLAN H04L12/4658wherein a VLAN tag represents a service provider backbone VLAN H04L12/4662wherein a VLAN tag represents a service instance H04L12/4666Operational details on the addition or the stripping of a tag in a frame H04L12/467Arrangements for supporting untagged frames H04L12/4675Dynamic sharing of VLAN information amongst network nodes H04L12/4679Arrangements for the registration or de-registration of VLAN attribute values H04L12/4683characterized by the protocol used H04L12/4687MVRP [multiple VLAN registration protocol] H04L12/4691GVRP [GARP VLAN registration protocol] H04L12/4695VTP [VLAN trunking protocol] H04L12/50Circuit switching systems H04L12/52using time division techniques H04L12/525involving a stored program control H04L12/54Store-and-forward switching systems H04L12/56Packet switching systems H04L12/5601Transfer mode dependent H04L12/5602Bandwidth control in ATM Networks H04L12/5689Routing of packets H04L12/569Flow control H04L12/5691Access to open networks; Ingress point selection H04L12/5692Selection among different networks H04L12/5693Queue scheduling in packet switching networks H04L12/5694Queuing arrangements H04L12/5695Admission control; Resource allocation H04L12/5696Packet switches H04L12/58Message switching systems H04L12/5805with automatic reactions or user delegation H04L12/581Real time or near real time messaging H04L12/5815use or manipulation of presence information in messaging H04L12/582interacting with other applications or services H04L12/5825Message adaptation based on network or terminal capabilities H04L12/583with adaptation as to content H04L12/5835with adaptation as to format H04L12/584messages including annexed information H04L12/5845messages including multimedia information H04L12/585with filtering and selective blocking capabilities H04L12/5855with selective forwarding H04L12/586including conversation history H04L12/5865messaging using geographical location information H04L12/587with notification on incoming messages H04L12/5875with reliability check H04L12/588messaging within social networks H04L12/5885with provisions for tracking the progress of a message H04L12/589unified messaging H04L12/5895in combination with wireless systems H04L12/60Manual relay systems H04L12/62with perforated tape storage H04L12/64Hybrid switching systems H04L12/6402Hybrid switching fabrics H04L12/6418Hybrid transport H04L12/66Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems