Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust

FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING LIGHTING HEATING WEAPONS BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS F01Engines F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust

F01N3/005for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus F01N3/01by means of electric or electrostatic separators F01N3/02for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust F01N3/0205using heat exchangers F01N3/021by means of filters F01N3/0211Arrangements for mounting filtering elements in housing F01N3/0212with one or more perforated tubes surrounded by filtering material F01N3/0214with filters comprising movable parts F01N3/0215the filtering elements having the form of disks or plates F01N3/0217the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies F01N3/0218the filtering elements being made from spirally-wound filtering material F01N3/022characterised by specially adapted filtering structure F01N3/0222the structure being monolithic F01N3/0224the structure being granular F01N3/0226the structure being fibrous F01N3/0228the structure being made of foamed rubber or plastics F01N3/023using means for regenerating the filters F01N3/0231using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide F01N3/0232removing incombustible material from a particle filter F01N3/0233periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow F01N3/0234using heat exchange means in the exhaust line F01N3/0235using exhaust gas throttling means F01N3/0236using turbine waste gate valve F01N3/0237for regenerating ex situ F01N3/0238for regenerating during engine standstill F01N3/025using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust F01N3/0253adding fuel to exhaust gases F01N3/0256the fuel being ignited by electrical means F01N3/027using electric or magnetic heating means F01N3/0275using electric discharge means F01N3/028using microwaves F01N3/029by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust F01N3/0293injecting substances in exhaust stream F01N3/0296having means for preheating additional substances F01N3/031having means for by-passing filters F01N3/032during filter regeneration only F01N3/033in combination with other devices F01N3/0335with exhaust silencers in a single housing F01N3/035with catalytic reactors F01N3/037by means of inertial or centrifugal separators F01N3/038by means of perforated plates defining expansion chambers associated with condensation and collection chambers F01N3/04using liquids F01N3/043without contact between liquid and exhaust gases F01N3/046Exhaust manifolds with cooling jacket F01N3/05by means of air F01N3/055without contact between air and exhaust gases F01N3/06for extinguishing sparks F01N3/08for rendering innocuous F01N3/0807by using absorbents or adsorbents F01N3/0814combined with catalytic converters F01N3/0821combined with particulate filters F01N3/0828characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances F01N3/0835Hydrocarbons F01N3/0842Nitrogen oxides F01N3/085Sulfur or sulfur oxides F01N3/0857Carbon oxides F01N3/0864Oxygen F01N3/0871Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents F01N3/0878Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents F01N3/0885Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents F01N3/0892Electric or magnetic treatment F01N3/10by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust F01N3/101Three-way catalysts F01N3/103Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only F01N3/105General auxiliary catalysts F01N3/106Auxiliary oxidation catalysts F01N3/108Auxiliary reduction catalysts F01N3/18characterised by methods of operation Regulation F01N3/20specially adapted for catalytic conversion; Methods of operation or regulation of catalytic converters F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors F01N3/2013using electric or magnetic heating means F01N3/202using microwaves F01N3/2026directly electrifying the catalyst substrate F01N3/2033using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct F01N3/204using an exhaust gas igniter F01N3/2046Periodically cooling catalytic reactors F01N3/2053By-passing catalytic reactors F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] F01N3/2073with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR] F01N3/2086Activating the catalyst by light, photo-catalysts F01N3/2093Periodically blowing a gas through the converter F01N3/22Regulation of additional air supply only F01N3/222using electric valves only F01N3/225Electric control of additional air supply F01N3/227using pneumatically operated valves F01N3/24characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus F01N3/26Construction of thermal reactors F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors F01N3/2803characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support F01N3/2807Metal other than sintered metal F01N3/281Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates F01N3/2814all sheets, plates or foils being corrugated F01N3/2817only with non-corrugated sheets, plates or foils F01N3/2821the support being provided with means to enhance the mixing process inside the converter F01N3/2825Ceramics F01N3/2828Ceramic multi-channel monoliths F01N3/2832granular F01N3/2835fibrous F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing F01N3/2842specially adapted for monolithic supports F01N3/2846specially adapted for granular supports F01N3/285specially adapted for fibrous supports F01N3/2853using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing F01N3/2857the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material F01N3/286the mats or gaskets having corrugations or cavities F01N3/2864the mats or gaskets comprising two or more insulation layers F01N3/2867the mats or gaskets being placed at the front or end face of catalyst body F01N3/2871the mats or gaskets having an additional F01N3/2875by using elastic means F01N3/2878by using non-elastic means for retaining catalyst body in the housing F01N3/2882Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices F01N3/2885with exhaust silencers in a single housing F01N3/2889with heat exchangers in a single housing F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like F01N3/2896Liquid catalyst carrier F01N3/30Arrangements for supply of additional air F01N3/303Filtering additional air F01N3/306Preheating additional air F01N3/32using air pump F01N3/323Electrically driven air pumps F01N3/326Engine-driven air pumps F01N3/34using air conduits or jet air pumps F01N3/36Arrangements for supply of additional fuel F01N3/38Arrangements for igniting