having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms

Industry

CPC
C10M2207/12

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Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C10Petroleum, gas C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions

Current Industry

C10M2207/12having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms

Industries

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Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Water-based lubricating grease compositions and methods for using t...
- Patent number 12,344,813
- Issue date Jul 1, 2025
- FUCHS PETROLUB SE
- Nael Zaki
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Composition and method of manufacturing sulfonate-based greases usi...
- Patent number 12,331,261
- Issue date Jun 17, 2025
- NCH Corporation
- J. Andrew Waynick
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Lubricant composition for forming hemimorphite-containing lubricati...
- Patent number 12,319,885
- Issue date Jun 3, 2025
- O&K COMPANY
- Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Food grade lubricant for conveying food containers
- Patent number 12,319,889
- Issue date Jun 3, 2025
- Chemical Systems of Orlando, Inc.
- Russel Gerald Colombo
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Emulsions having oil phase surfactants and water phase additive blends
- Patent number 12,258,535
- Issue date Mar 25, 2025
- Pilot Chemical Corp.
- Robert E. Golden
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Materials release agents, methods of making and using
- Patent number 12,252,660
- Issue date Mar 18, 2025
- Forrest Walker Smith
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Stabilized medium chain triglyceride-based lubricant
- Patent number 12,215,291
- Issue date Feb 4, 2025
- Perlman Consulting, LLC
- Daniel Perlman
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Surface conditioning with cycloalkane carboxylic acids as additives...
- Patent number 12,195,688
- Issue date Jan 14, 2025
- Northwestern University
- Stephen Berkebile
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Oil-based corrosion inhibitors
- Patent number 12,187,974
- Issue date Jan 7, 2025
- The Lubrizol Corporation
- Ryan Weber
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Water-glycol hydraulic fluid
- Patent number 12,187,977
- Issue date Jan 7, 2025
- SHELL USA, INC.
- Hiroshi Kaneko
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Mixed powder for powder metallurgy
- Patent number 12,187,976
- Issue date Jan 7, 2025
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Hanako Shimamoto
- B22 - CASTING POWDER METALLURGY
Information Patent Grant
Lubricating oil composition, method for using lubricating oil compo...
- Patent number 12,180,433
- Issue date Dec 31, 2024
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
- Tokue Sato
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Low ash lubricating compositions for controlling steel corrosion
- Patent number 12,146,115
- Issue date Nov 19, 2024
- Afton Chemical Corporation
- Kenneth Garelick
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Simplified method for pretreating metal substrates for cold forming...
- Patent number 12,139,690
- Issue date Nov 12, 2024
- Chemetall GmbH
- Frank Hollmann
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Ball screw grease composition for rack-assisted electric power stee...
- Patent number 12,139,688
- Issue date Nov 12, 2024
- Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd.
- Minami Soma
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Treatment agent for short fibers, aqueous solution for treatment ag...
- Patent number 12,123,108
- Issue date Oct 22, 2024
- TAKEMOTO YUSHI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
- Ikki Kaneko
- D01 - NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL THREADS OR FIBRES SPINNING
Information Patent Grant
Working fluid composition for refrigerator, refrigerator oil and re...
- Patent number 12,091,606
- Issue date Sep 17, 2024
- ENEOS Corporation
- Satoshi Nagai
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Metal working fluids biocide
- Patent number 12,071,596
- Issue date Aug 27, 2024
- Dow Global Technologies LLC
- Chao Zhao
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Composition for lubricating and/or descaling during hot working of...
- Patent number 12,054,689
- Issue date Aug 6, 2024
- Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG
- Marvin Bargon
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Grease composition
- Patent number 12,054,690
- Issue date Aug 6, 2024
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
- Go Watanabe
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Polyurea lubricating greases containing carbonates, and their use
- Patent number 12,054,691
- Issue date Aug 6, 2024
- FUCHS SE
- Hans Jürgen Erkel
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Aqueous composition comprising water-soluble glycerin-based polyalk...
- Patent number 12,049,600
- Issue date Jul 30, 2024
- Fangbo Chen
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Lubricating composition for inhibiting plugging and method of inhib...
- Patent number 12,043,812
- Issue date Jul 23, 2024
- SK Innovation Co., Ltd.
- Sun Joo Kim
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Composition and method of manufacturing calcium magnesium sulfonate...
- Patent number 12,031,100
- Issue date Jul 9, 2024
- NCH Corporation
- J. Andrew Waynick
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Relating to lubricating compositions
- Patent number 12,031,101
- Issue date Jul 9, 2024
- Infineum International Limited
- Gregory Stidder
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Low viscosity functional fluid composition
- Patent number 12,012,568
- Issue date Jun 18, 2024
- Clariant International Ltd.
- Felix Hoevelmann
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Low viscosity functional fluid composition
- Patent number 12,012,569
- Issue date Jun 18, 2024
- Clariant International Ltd.
- Felix Hövelmann
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Composition, and threaded connection for pipes including lubricant...
- Patent number 11,987,765
- Issue date May 21, 2024
- Nippon Steel Corporation
- Kunio Goto
- F16 - ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINT...
Information Patent Grant
Branched fatty acids and esters thereof
- Patent number 11,987,769
- Issue date May 21, 2024
- OLEON NV
- Pieter Struelens
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Grant
Food-grade lubricating grease and method for preparing same
- Patent number 11,965,141
- Issue date Apr 23, 2024
- Jiangnan University
- Shanhua Qian
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
FLUID DYNAMIC PRESSURE BEARING OIL, SPINDLE MOTOR, AND DISK DRIVE D...
- Publication number 20250237263
- Publication date Jul 24, 2025
- MINEBEA MITSUMI INC.
- Motojiro TSUNA
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
WATER-SOLUBLE LUBRICANT
- Publication number 20250236808
- Publication date Jul 24, 2025
- Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd
- Tomoaki OKANO
- B21 - MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL PUNCHING...
Information Patent Application
GREASE COMPOSITION
- Publication number 20250230378
- Publication date Jul 17, 2025
- Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd.
- Yoshiyuki NAGASAWA
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Grease Composition
- Publication number 20250215348
- Publication date Jul 3, 2025
- The Lubrizol Corporation
- Robert D. Dura
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
LUBRICANT
- Publication number 20250215344
- Publication date Jul 3, 2025
- Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd
- Tomoaki OKANO
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
USE OF A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION FOR LUBRICATING WORK TOOL
- Publication number 20250215349
- Publication date Jul 3, 2025
- Sarah HÜTTNER
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Thermally Conductive Grease Composition
- Publication number 20250207052
- Publication date Jun 26, 2025
- COSMO OIL LUBRICANTS CO., LTD.
- Ryuji Terauchi
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Lubricant Compositions Providing Robust Valvetrain Wear Protection...
- Publication number 20250207054
- Publication date Jun 26, 2025
- INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
- Alec C. Labb
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
GREASE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME
- Publication number 20250154426
- Publication date May 15, 2025
- Hyundai Motor Company
- Hyung Seok Kim
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
3,5,5-TRIMETHYLHEXANOIC ACID COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING S...
- Publication number 20250107980
- Publication date Apr 3, 2025
- KH Neochem Co., Ltd.
- Yusuke OHGATA
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
GREASE COMPOSITION AND STEERING GEAR DEVICE
- Publication number 20250101335
- Publication date Mar 27, 2025
- JTEKT CORPORTION
- Yurie YAMASHITA HAGINO
- F16 - ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINT...
Information Patent Application
WATER BASED SEMI-SYNTHETIC METAL WORKING FLUID COMPOSITION CONTAINI...
- Publication number 20250059457
- Publication date Feb 20, 2025
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Qi Jiang
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Polyurea/Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease Composition for Use in Co...
- Publication number 20250059458
- Publication date Feb 20, 2025
- Dabo Liu
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal from Lubricated Components
- Publication number 20250051681
- Publication date Feb 13, 2025
- ATS Chemical, LLC
- Bernie C. Thompson
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Method for Producing Lubricating Greases of Lithium Complex Soaps a...
- Publication number 20250043210
- Publication date Feb 6, 2025
- FUCHS SE
- Hans Jürgen ERKEL
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
HYBRID GREASES MADE WITH ANHYDROUS METAL SOAPS AND OVER-BASED METAL...
- Publication number 20250027006
- Publication date Jan 23, 2025
- The Lubrizol Corporation
- DEVON K. MCCUNE
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
BALL SCREW GREASE COMPOSITION FOR RACK-ASSISTED ELECTRIC POWER STEE...
- Publication number 20250027007
- Publication date Jan 23, 2025
- KYODO YUSHI CO., LTD.
- Minami SOMA
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
GREASE COMPOSITION, PIVOT ASSEMBLY BEARING, AND BEARING APPARATUS I...
- Publication number 20250011672
- Publication date Jan 9, 2025
- MINEBEA MITSUMI INC.
- Motojiro TSUNA
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
SIMPLIFIED PROCESS FOR THE PRETREATMENT OF METALLIC SUBSTRATES FOR...
- Publication number 20240425775
- Publication date Dec 26, 2024
- CHEMETALL GMBH
- Frank Hollmann
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION FOR HYBRID VEHICLES
- Publication number 20240409838
- Publication date Dec 12, 2024
- CHEVRON JAPAN LTD.
- Hisanari ONOUCHI
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
GREASE COMPOSITIONS
- Publication number 20240343986
- Publication date Oct 17, 2024
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company
- Christopher J. FOWLER
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
SURFACE CONDITIONING WITH CYCLOALKANE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AS ADDITIVES...
- Publication number 20240287404
- Publication date Aug 29, 2024
- Northwestern University
- Stephen Berkebile
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVE OR COMPOSITION FOR IMPARTING LUBRICITY
- Publication number 20240271055
- Publication date Aug 15, 2024
- MIYOSHI OIL & FAT CO., LTD.
- Kotaro KANEKO
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
GREASE COMPOSITION FOR VEHICULAR HUB UNIT BEARINGS
- Publication number 20240263099
- Publication date Aug 8, 2024
- Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd.
- Kazuki ISA
- F16 - ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINT...
Information Patent Application
Stabilized Medium Chain Triglyceride-Based Lubricant
- Publication number 20240247204
- Publication date Jul 25, 2024
- Perlman Consulting, LLC
- Daniel PERLMAN
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
AGENT FOR FORMING SOLID LUBRICATING COATING FILM, OIL COUNTRY TUBUL...
- Publication number 20240218280
- Publication date Jul 4, 2024
- JFE STEEL CORPORATION
- Yasuhide ISHIGURO
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
A MIXED COMPLEX SOAP BASED GREASE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PREPAR...
- Publication number 20240209279
- Publication date Jun 27, 2024
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Manohar VENNAMPALLI
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
LOW ASH LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS FOR CONTROLLING STEEL CORROSION
- Publication number 20240199969
- Publication date Jun 20, 2024
- AFTON CHEMICAL CORPORATION
- Kenneth Garelick
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
ONE-STEP PRETREATMENT METHOD OF METALLIC SUBSTRATES AT NON-NEUTRAL...
- Publication number 20240166968
- Publication date May 23, 2024
- CHEMETALL GMBH
- Yinfeng SHI
- B21 - MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL PUNCHING...
Information Patent Application
LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR USING THE SAME
- Publication number 20240150668
- Publication date May 9, 2024
- ECOLAB USA INC.
- Wei KE
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...

having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Water-based lubricating grease compositions and methods for using t...

Composition and method of manufacturing sulfonate-based greases usi...

Lubricant composition for forming hemimorphite-containing lubricati...

Food grade lubricant for conveying food containers

Emulsions having oil phase surfactants and water phase additive blends

Materials release agents, methods of making and using

Stabilized medium chain triglyceride-based lubricant

Surface conditioning with cycloalkane carboxylic acids as additives...

Oil-based corrosion inhibitors

Water-glycol hydraulic fluid

Mixed powder for powder metallurgy

Lubricating oil composition, method for using lubricating oil compo...

Low ash lubricating compositions for controlling steel corrosion

Simplified method for pretreating metal substrates for cold forming...

Ball screw grease composition for rack-assisted electric power stee...

Treatment agent for short fibers, aqueous solution for treatment ag...

Working fluid composition for refrigerator, refrigerator oil and re...

Metal working fluids biocide

Composition for lubricating and/or descaling during hot working of...

Grease composition

Polyurea lubricating greases containing carbonates, and their use

Aqueous composition comprising water-soluble glycerin-based polyalk...

Lubricating composition for inhibiting plugging and method of inhib...

Composition and method of manufacturing calcium magnesium sulfonate...

Relating to lubricating compositions

Low viscosity functional fluid composition

Low viscosity functional fluid composition

Composition, and threaded connection for pipes including lubricant...

Branched fatty acids and esters thereof

Food-grade lubricating grease and method for preparing same

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

FLUID DYNAMIC PRESSURE BEARING OIL, SPINDLE MOTOR, AND DISK DRIVE D...

WATER-SOLUBLE LUBRICANT

GREASE COMPOSITION

Grease Composition

LUBRICANT

USE OF A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION FOR LUBRICATING WORK TOOL

Thermally Conductive Grease Composition

Lubricant Compositions Providing Robust Valvetrain Wear Protection...

GREASE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

3,5,5-TRIMETHYLHEXANOIC ACID COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING S...

GREASE COMPOSITION AND STEERING GEAR DEVICE

WATER BASED SEMI-SYNTHETIC METAL WORKING FLUID COMPOSITION CONTAINI...

Polyurea/Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease Composition for Use in Co...

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal from Lubricated Components

Method for Producing Lubricating Greases of Lithium Complex Soaps a...

HYBRID GREASES MADE WITH ANHYDROUS METAL SOAPS AND OVER-BASED METAL...

BALL SCREW GREASE COMPOSITION FOR RACK-ASSISTED ELECTRIC POWER STEE...

GREASE COMPOSITION, PIVOT ASSEMBLY BEARING, AND BEARING APPARATUS I...

SIMPLIFIED PROCESS FOR THE PRETREATMENT OF METALLIC SUBSTRATES FOR...

LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION FOR HYBRID VEHICLES

GREASE COMPOSITIONS

SURFACE CONDITIONING WITH CYCLOALKANE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AS ADDITIVES...

ADDITIVE OR COMPOSITION FOR IMPARTING LUBRICITY

GREASE COMPOSITION FOR VEHICULAR HUB UNIT BEARINGS

Stabilized Medium Chain Triglyceride-Based Lubricant

AGENT FOR FORMING SOLID LUBRICATING COATING FILM, OIL COUNTRY TUBUL...

A MIXED COMPLEX SOAP BASED GREASE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PREPAR...

LOW ASH LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS FOR CONTROLLING STEEL CORROSION

ONE-STEP PRETREATMENT METHOD OF METALLIC SUBSTRATES AT NON-NEUTRAL...

LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR USING THE SAME