Measuring force or stress in general

GPHYSICS G01Measuring instruments G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE

G01L1/00Measuring force or stress in general

G01L1/005by electrical means and not provided for in G01L1/06 - G01L1/22 G01L1/02by hydraulic or pneumatic means G01L1/04by measuring elastic deformation of gauges G01L1/042of helical springs G01L1/044of leaf springs G01L1/046of spiral springs G01L1/048of torsionally deformable elements G01L1/06by measuring the permanent deformation of gauges G01L1/08by the use of counterbalancing forces G01L1/083using hydraulic or pneumatic counterbalancing forces G01L1/086using electrostatic or electromagnetic counterbalancing forces G01L1/10by measuring variations of frequency of stressed vibrating elements G01L1/103optical excitation or measuring of vibrations G01L1/106Constructional details G01L1/12by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress G01L1/122by using permanent magnets G01L1/125by using magnetostrictive means G01L1/127by using inductive means G01L1/14by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements G01L1/142using capacitors G01L1/144with associated circuitry G01L1/146for measuring force distributions G01L1/148using semiconductive material G01L1/16using properties of piezo-electric devices G01L1/162using piezo-electric resonators G01L1/165with acoustic surface waves G01L1/167optical excitation or measuring of vibrations G01L1/18using properties of piezo-resistive materials G01L1/183by measuring variations of frequency of vibrating piezo-resistive material G01L1/186optical excitation or measuring of vibrations G01L1/20by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids by making use of electro-kinetic cells G01L1/205using distributed sensing elements G01L1/22using resistance strain gauges G01L1/2206Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports G01L1/2212particularly adapted to unbounded-wire-type strain gauges G01L1/2218the supports being of the column type G01L1/2225the direction being perpendicular to the central axis G01L1/2231the supports being disc- or ring-shaped, adapted for measuring a force along a single direction G01L1/2237the direction being perpendicular to the central axis G01L1/2243the supports being parallelogram-shaped G01L1/225Measuring circuits therefor G01L1/2256involving digital counting G01L1/2262involving simple electrical bridges G01L1/2268Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects G01L1/2275for non linearity G01L1/2281for temperature variations G01L1/2287constructional details of the strain gauges G01L1/2293of the semi-conductor type G01L1/24by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed G01L1/241by photoelastic stress analysis G01L1/242the material being an optical fibre G01L1/243using means for applying force perpendicular to the fibre axis G01L1/245using micro-bending G01L1/246using integrated gratings G01L1/247using distributed sensing elements G01L1/248using infra-red G01L1/25using wave or particle radiation G01L1/255using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission G01L1/26Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with the measurement of force