Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material

BPERFORMING OPERATIONS TRANSPORTING B31Paper goods B31FMECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER OR CARDBOARD

B31F1/00Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material

B31F1/0003Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening, flattening or rim-rolling; Shaping by bending, folding or rim-rolling combined with joining; Apparatus therefor B31F1/0006Bending or folding; Folding edges combined with joining; Reinforcing edges during the folding thereof B31F1/0009of plates, sheets or webs B31F1/0012combined with making folding lines B31F1/0016Folding edges; Folding edges combined with joining; Reinforcing edges during the folding thereof B31F1/0019the plates, sheets or webs moving continuously B31F1/0022combined with making folding lines B31F1/0025Making the folding lines using rotary tools B31F1/0029Folding edges; Folding edges combined with joining; Reinforcing edges during the folding thereof B31F1/0032of tubes B31F1/0035Straightening or flattening B31F1/0038Rim-rolling B31F1/0041combined with joining B31F1/0045Bending or folding combined with joining B31F1/0048Bending plates, sheets or webs at right angles to the axis of the article being formed and joining the edges B31F1/0051for making articles of definite lentgh B31F1/0054using internal forming surfaces B31F1/0058Machines therefor having additional mandrels B31F1/0061for making articles of indefinite length B31F1/0064using internal forming surfaces, on B31F1/0067using only external forming surfaces B31F1/007for making articles with multilayered walls B31F1/0074Making essentially non-hollow profiles B31F1/0077Shaping by methods analogous to moulding B31F1/008Shaping of tube ends B31F1/0083Closing B31F1/0087Rim-rolling B31F1/009combined with joining B31F1/0093Fixing elements to tube ends B31F1/0096Lining or sheathing B31F1/07Embossing , i.e. producing impressions formed by locally deep-drawing B31F1/08Creasing B31F1/10by rotary tools B31F1/12Crêping paper or cardboard B31F1/122the paper being submitted to an additional mechanical deformation other than crêping B31F1/124Multiple crêping B31F1/126including making of the paper to be crêped B31F1/128Making paper elastic in all directions, other than by crêping B31F1/14by doctor blades arranged crosswise to the web B31F1/145Blade constructions B31F1/16by elastic belts B31F1/18by tools arranged in the direction of web feed; Logitudinal crêping, i.e. providing paper with crêpes parallel to the direction of web movement B31F1/20Corrugating Corrugating combined with laminating to other paper or cardboard layers B31F1/205Corrugating tubes B31F1/22Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is longitudinal with the web feed B31F1/225combined with uniting the corrugated web to flat webs; Making corrugated-web structures B31F1/24Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed B31F1/242the corrugations being obliquely inclined to the web feed B31F1/245by feeding the webs in a channel larger than the thickness of the webs by means of rollers B31F1/247by reciprocating members B31F1/26by interengaging toothed cylinders cylinder constructions B31F1/28combined with uniting the corrugated webs to flat webs; Making double-faced corrugated cardboard B31F1/2804Methods B31F1/2809characterised by the chemical composition of the glue B31F1/2813Making corrugated cardboard of composite structure B31F1/2818Glue application specially adapted therefor B31F1/2822involving additional operations B31F1/2827Edge treatment B31F1/2831Control B31F1/2836Guiding B31F1/284Warp prevention B31F1/2845Details B31F1/285Heating or drying equipment B31F1/2854Means for keeping the sheet in contact with one of the corrugating rollers after corrugating, but before applying the facer sheet B31F1/2859Pressing fingers B31F1/2863Corrugating cylinders; Supporting or positioning means therefor; Drives therefor B31F1/2868Exchangeable corrugating cylinders B31F1/2872Spraying devices B31F1/2877Pressing means for bringing facer sheet and corrugated webs into contact or keeping them in contact B31F1/2881for bringing a second facer sheet into contact with an already single faced corrugated web B31F1/2886Additionally reinforcing B31F1/289from discrete sheets B31F1/2895from corrugated webs having corrugations of particular shape B31F1/29by making use of rods B31F1/30Tools secured to endless chains B31F1/305with sets of interengaging tools each secured to endless chains B31F1/32Corrugating already corrugated webs B31F1/36Moistening and heating webs to facilitate mechanical deformation and drying deformed webs