nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites

Industry

CPC
C10L1/231

This industry / category may be too specific. Please go to a parent level for more data

Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C10Petroleum, gas C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR NATURAL GAS SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL FIRELIGHTERS C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels

Current Industry

C10L1/231nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites

Industries

Please log in for detailed analytics

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Formulation and cetane improvement based on organic nitrates for al...
- Patent number 12,227,711
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- Marco Antonio Falquete
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Methanol-based engine fuel containing a combustion improver additive
- Patent number 12,152,209
- Issue date Nov 26, 2024
- VERYONE
- Anne-Gaëlle Bataille Morin
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Additive to reduce particulate matter in emissions deriving from th...
- Patent number 12,071,595
- Issue date Aug 27, 2024
- Pedrazzini Chimica S.R.L.
- Cesare Pedrazzini
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Diesel fuel composition and a method for producing a diesel fuel co...
- Patent number 12,037,556
- Issue date Jul 16, 2024
- Neste Oyj
- Ulla Kiiski
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Use and method to reduce deposits in compression ignition internal...
- Patent number 11,867,117
- Issue date Jan 9, 2024
- SHELL USA, INC.
- Christopher William Clayton
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Ammonia-based fuel for compression engines containing a combustion...
- Patent number 11,859,146
- Issue date Jan 2, 2024
- VERYONE
- Anne-Gaëlle Bataille Morin
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Additives for improving autoignition reactivity of hydrocarbon-base...
- Patent number 11,814,595
- Issue date Nov 14, 2023
- National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC
- Dario Lopez Pintor
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Compositions for engine carbon removal and methods and apparatus fo...
- Patent number 11,788,463
- Issue date Oct 17, 2023
- ATS Chemical, LLC
- Bernie C. Thompson
- B08 - CLEANING
Information Patent Grant
Fuel additive composition and related methods and compositions
- Patent number 11,566,194
- Issue date Jan 31, 2023
- Purify Fuels, Inc.
- Stephen J. Remondini
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Biodiesel fuel mixtures
- Patent number 11,518,950
- Issue date Dec 6, 2022
- HULL PARTNERS, LLC
- Patrick McDuff
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Method for manufacturing a fuel component
- Patent number 11,485,924
- Issue date Nov 1, 2022
- Neste Oyj
- Ulla Kiiski
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Drop-in fuel for reducing emissions in compression-ignited engines
- Patent number 11,365,364
- Issue date Jun 21, 2022
- Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Nicolas Rankovic
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Biodiesel fuel mixtures
- Patent number 11,306,266
- Issue date Apr 19, 2022
- Hull Partners LLC
- Patrick McDuff
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Biodiesel fuel mixtures
- Patent number 11,186,789
- Issue date Nov 30, 2021
- HULL PARTNERS, LLC
- Patrick McDuff
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Fuel additives with low NOx emissions
- Patent number 11,046,903
- Issue date Jun 29, 2021
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- Logan P. Renninger
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Fuel compositions
- Patent number 10,995,291
- Issue date May 4, 2021
- HKA Hydrofuel, LLC
- Alexander R. Gomez
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Additive formulation and method of using same
- Patent number 10,894,928
- Issue date Jan 19, 2021
- MAZOIL TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
- Peter Wachtel
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or...
- Patent number 10,858,608
- Issue date Dec 8, 2020
- BASF SE
- Harald Boehnke
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Organomodified silicone fuel additive, compositions, and methods of...
- Patent number 10,858,605
- Issue date Dec 8, 2020
- Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
- Narayan Mukherjee
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Cylinder resident hydrolysis of olefins to petroleum gases
- Patent number 10,822,563
- Issue date Nov 3, 2020
- Mathew M Zuckerman
- B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Cetane improver in fuel oil
- Patent number 10,781,386
- Issue date Sep 22, 2020
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- Kenneth C. H. Kar
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Additive formulation and method of using same
- Patent number 10,752,854
- Issue date Aug 25, 2020
- Mazoil Technologies Limited
- Peter Wachtel
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Diesel fuel composition
- Patent number 10,590,357
- Issue date Mar 17, 2020
- Gas Technologies LLC
- Ian Lawrence Gaffney
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Fuel additive composition and related methods and compositions
- Patent number 10,457,880
- Issue date Oct 29, 2019
- Purify Founders, LLC
- Stephen J. Remondini
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Use of a fuel additive in diesel fuel for removing deposits in a di...
- Patent number 10,407,633
- Issue date Sep 10, 2019
- Edgar Volpert
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Apparatus and method for continuous production of polyethylene glyc...
- Patent number 10,232,341
- Issue date Mar 19, 2019
- AVOCET IP LIMITED
- James Robert Jennings
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or...
- Patent number 10,174,269
- Issue date Jan 8, 2019
- BASF SE
- Harald Boehnke
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Diesel fuel compositions
- Patent number 9,982,208
- Issue date May 29, 2018
- YASHENTECH CORPORATION
- Youqi Wang
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Biodiesel glycerol emulsion fuel mixtures
- Patent number 9,976,096
- Issue date May 22, 2018
- SeaChange Group LLC
- George N. Harakas
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Grant
Diesel fuel with improved ignition characteristics
- Patent number 9,862,905
- Issue date Jan 9, 2018
- Shell Oil Company
- Arjun Prakash
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
USE OF A COMPOSITION OF ADDITIVES FOR REDUCING DIESEL VEHICLE EMISS...
- Publication number 20240336857
- Publication date Oct 10, 2024
- TOTALENERGIES ONETECH
- Bernard DEQUENNE
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DIESEL FUEL CO...
- Publication number 20240327740
- Publication date Oct 3, 2024
- NESTE OYJ
- Ulla KIISKI
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
USE OF ORGANIC NITRATE AND/OR PEROXIDE ADDITIVES AND METHOD BASED T...
- Publication number 20240301311
- Publication date Sep 12, 2024
- INNOSPEC LIMITED
- Philip John BOON
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
FUEL COMPOSITIONS
- Publication number 20240199965
- Publication date Jun 20, 2024
- SHELL USA INC.
- Tushar Kanti BERA
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
RENEWABLE DIESEL FUEL FORMULATION BASED ON ALCOHOLS
- Publication number 20240166963
- Publication date May 23, 2024
- Marco Antonio FALQUETE
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
DIESEL FUEL AND FUEL ADDITIVE WITH A COMBUSTION CATALYST
- Publication number 20240166964
- Publication date May 23, 2024
- CDTI ADVANCED MATERIALS, INC.
- Tony BRAMPTON
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...
- Publication number 20240159184
- Publication date May 16, 2024
- Bernie C. Thompson
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
ENGINE FUEL BASED ON A MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND WATER AND CONTAINING...
- Publication number 20240132793
- Publication date Apr 25, 2024
- VERYONE
- Anne-Gaëlle BATAILLE MORIN
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...
- Publication number 20240084730
- Publication date Mar 14, 2024
- Bernie C. Thompson
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...
- Publication number 20240060447
- Publication date Feb 22, 2024
- Bernie C. Thompson
- B08 - CLEANING
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVE TO REDUCE PARTICULATE MATTER IN EMISSIONS DERIVING FROM TH...
- Publication number 20240043761
- Publication date Feb 8, 2024
- Cesare Pedrazzini
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
METHANOL-BASED ENGINE FUEL CONTAINING A COMBUSTION IMPROVER ADDITIVE
- Publication number 20230416626
- Publication date Dec 28, 2023
- VERYONE
- Anne-Gaëlle BATAILLE MORIN
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
AMMONIA-BASED FUEL FOR COMPRESSION ENGINES CONTAINING A COMBUSTION...
- Publication number 20230416625
- Publication date Dec 28, 2023
- VERYONE
- Anne-Gaëlle BATAILLE MORIN
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DIESEL FUEL CO...
- Publication number 20230082920
- Publication date Mar 16, 2023
- NESTE OYJ
- Ulla KIISKI
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
NITRATES OF ETHERS OF GLYCEROL AND ETHANOL AS DIESEL CETANE IMPROVE...
- Publication number 20230002309
- Publication date Jan 5, 2023
- Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - PETROBRAS
- Bernardo GALVÃO SIQUEIRA
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
BIODIESEL FUEL MIXTURES
- Publication number 20220235287
- Publication date Jul 28, 2022
- HULL PARTNERS, LLC
- Patrick McDuff
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
DROP-IN FUEL FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS IN COMPRESSION-IGNITED ENGINES
- Publication number 20220106533
- Publication date Apr 7, 2022
- Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Nicolas Rankovic
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...
- Publication number 20220082049
- Publication date Mar 17, 2022
- Bernie C. Thompson
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
BIODIESEL FUEL MIXTURES
- Publication number 20220049173
- Publication date Feb 17, 2022
- HULL PARTNERS, LLC
- Patrick McDuff
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
USE AND METHOD TO REDUCE DEPOSITS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL...
- Publication number 20220025286
- Publication date Jan 27, 2022
- Shell Oil Company
- Christopher William CLAYTON
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...
- Publication number 20220003163
- Publication date Jan 6, 2022
- Bernie C. Thompson
- C11 - ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES FATTY ACIDS...
Information Patent Application
FUEL ADDITIVES WITH LOW NOx EMISSIONS
- Publication number 20210054298
- Publication date Feb 25, 2021
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- Logan P. Renninger
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
ADDITIVE FORMULATION AND METHOD OF USING SAME
- Publication number 20200369973
- Publication date Nov 26, 2020
- Mazoil Technologies Limited
- Peter Wachtel
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Fuel Compositions
- Publication number 20200190419
- Publication date Jun 18, 2020
- Alexander R. Gomez
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION AND RELATED METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS
- Publication number 20200095512
- Publication date Mar 26, 2020
- Purify Founders, LLC
- Stephen J. Remondini
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
LIGHT-FRACTION BASED FUEL COMPOSITION FOR COMPRESSION IGNITED ENGINES
- Publication number 20190390127
- Publication date Dec 26, 2019
- Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Vittorio Manente
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
DISTILLATE BLENDING SYSTEM WITH ONLINE DERIVED AND/OR INDICATED CET...
- Publication number 20190359905
- Publication date Nov 28, 2019
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company
- Eric J. Lanni
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FUEL COMPONENT
- Publication number 20190225904
- Publication date Jul 25, 2019
- NESTE OYJ
- Ulla KIISKI
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
Cylinder Resident Hydrolysis of Olefins to Petroleum Gases
- Publication number 20190144771
- Publication date May 16, 2019
- Mathew M Zuckerman
- C10 - PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MON...
Information Patent Application
ORGANOMODIFIED SILICONE FUEL ADDITIVE, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF...
- Publication number 20190144772
- Publication date May 16, 2019
- Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
- Narayan Mukherjee
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...

nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Formulation and cetane improvement based on organic nitrates for al...

Methanol-based engine fuel containing a combustion improver additive

Additive to reduce particulate matter in emissions deriving from th...

Diesel fuel composition and a method for producing a diesel fuel co...

Use and method to reduce deposits in compression ignition internal...

Ammonia-based fuel for compression engines containing a combustion...

Additives for improving autoignition reactivity of hydrocarbon-base...

Compositions for engine carbon removal and methods and apparatus fo...

Fuel additive composition and related methods and compositions

Biodiesel fuel mixtures

Method for manufacturing a fuel component

Drop-in fuel for reducing emissions in compression-ignited engines

Biodiesel fuel mixtures

Biodiesel fuel mixtures

Fuel additives with low NOx emissions

Fuel compositions

Additive formulation and method of using same

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or...

Organomodified silicone fuel additive, compositions, and methods of...

Cylinder resident hydrolysis of olefins to petroleum gases

Cetane improver in fuel oil

Additive formulation and method of using same

Diesel fuel composition

Fuel additive composition and related methods and compositions

Use of a fuel additive in diesel fuel for removing deposits in a di...

Apparatus and method for continuous production of polyethylene glyc...

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or...

Diesel fuel compositions

Biodiesel glycerol emulsion fuel mixtures

Diesel fuel with improved ignition characteristics

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

USE OF A COMPOSITION OF ADDITIVES FOR REDUCING DIESEL VEHICLE EMISS...

DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DIESEL FUEL CO...

USE OF ORGANIC NITRATE AND/OR PEROXIDE ADDITIVES AND METHOD BASED T...

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

RENEWABLE DIESEL FUEL FORMULATION BASED ON ALCOHOLS

DIESEL FUEL AND FUEL ADDITIVE WITH A COMBUSTION CATALYST

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...

ENGINE FUEL BASED ON A MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND WATER AND CONTAINING...

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...

ADDITIVE TO REDUCE PARTICULATE MATTER IN EMISSIONS DERIVING FROM TH...

METHANOL-BASED ENGINE FUEL CONTAINING A COMBUSTION IMPROVER ADDITIVE

AMMONIA-BASED FUEL FOR COMPRESSION ENGINES CONTAINING A COMBUSTION...

DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DIESEL FUEL CO...

NITRATES OF ETHERS OF GLYCEROL AND ETHANOL AS DIESEL CETANE IMPROVE...

BIODIESEL FUEL MIXTURES

DROP-IN FUEL FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS IN COMPRESSION-IGNITED ENGINES

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...

BIODIESEL FUEL MIXTURES

USE AND METHOD TO REDUCE DEPOSITS IN COMPRESSION IGNITION INTERNAL...

Compositions for Engine Carbon Removal and Methods and Apparatus fo...

FUEL ADDITIVES WITH LOW NOx EMISSIONS

ADDITIVE FORMULATION AND METHOD OF USING SAME

Fuel Compositions

FUEL ADDITIVE COMPOSITION AND RELATED METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS

LIGHT-FRACTION BASED FUEL COMPOSITION FOR COMPRESSION IGNITED ENGINES

DISTILLATE BLENDING SYSTEM WITH ONLINE DERIVED AND/OR INDICATED CET...

A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FUEL COMPONENT

Cylinder Resident Hydrolysis of Olefins to Petroleum Gases

ORGANOMODIFIED SILICONE FUEL ADDITIVE, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF...