using masterbatch techniques

Industry

CPC
C08J3/22

This industry / category may be too specific. Please go to a parent level for more data

Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C08Organic compounds C08JWORKING-UP GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances

Current Industry

C08J3/22using masterbatch techniques

Industries

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Aquatic plant biomass-based decomposable and antibacterial plastic...
- Patent number 12,291,610
- Issue date May 6, 2025
- Sun-Che Lin
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Composition for protecting light sensitive materials
- Patent number 12,291,635
- Issue date May 6, 2025
- Avient Corporation
- Gary Vernon
- B65 - CONVEYING PACKING STORING HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
Information Patent Grant
Flame retardant masterbatch composition for foams containing a pH m...
- Patent number 12,286,520
- Issue date Apr 29, 2025
- DDP SPECIALTY ELECTRONIC MATERIALS US, LLC
- Wenyi Huang
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Tires comprising rubber compounds that comprise propylene-α-olefin-...
- Patent number 12,281,221
- Issue date Apr 22, 2025
- ExxonMobil Engineering & Technology Company
- Eric J. Wamsley
- B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Rubber composition with enhanced curing and adhesion properties, pr...
- Patent number 12,281,227
- Issue date Apr 22, 2025
- L. BRÜGGEMANN GMBH & CO. KG
- Ümit Özkütükcü
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
High clarity antimicrobial resins
- Patent number 12,275,835
- Issue date Apr 15, 2025
- Phoenix Plastics L.P.
- Anthony Fabro Garcia
- A01 - AGRICULTURE FORESTRY ANIMAL HUSBANDRY HUNTING TRAPPING FISHING
Information Patent Grant
Fully bio-based, highly filled lignin-rubber masterbatch, method fo...
- Patent number 12,269,952
- Issue date Apr 8, 2025
- NANJING TECH UNIVERSITY
- Chenjie Zhu
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Rubber formulation
- Patent number 12,269,194
- Issue date Apr 8, 2025
- Atlantis Rubber Powders B.V.
- Christopher Michael Twigg
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Photochromic polypropylene fiber and preparation method thereof
- Patent number 12,264,414
- Issue date Apr 1, 2025
- Taiwan Textile Research Institute
- Jo-Cheng Chiang
- D01 - NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL THREADS OR FIBRES SPINNING
Information Patent Grant
Polycarbonate blend having reduced disturbing noise
- Patent number 12,247,122
- Issue date Mar 11, 2025
- Covestro Deutschland AG
- Kristina Pupovac
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Methods and compositions for films, masterbatch, yarns, fabrics, an...
- Patent number 12,240,952
- Issue date Mar 4, 2025
- BRRR! Inc.
- Cheng-Shang Tsao
- D01 - NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL THREADS OR FIBRES SPINNING
Information Patent Grant
Process for preparing a surface-treated calcium carbonate material
- Patent number 12,240,982
- Issue date Mar 4, 2025
- Omya International AG
- Samuel Rentsch
- C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Nucleating agent for polyolefin resin, nucleating agent composition...
- Patent number 12,234,332
- Issue date Feb 25, 2025
- Adeka Corporation
- Minako Nakatomi
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Carbon nano materials in crosslinked polyurethane and polyurea appl...
- Patent number 12,234,342
- Issue date Feb 25, 2025
- Chromaflo Technologies Corporation
- Santosh K. Yadav
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Grant
Photochromic thermal insulation fiber and manufacturing method thereof
- Patent number 12,234,576
- Issue date Feb 25, 2025
- Taiwan Textile Research Institute
- Jo-Cheng Chiang
- D01 - NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL THREADS OR FIBRES SPINNING
Information Patent Grant
Soil biodegradable blown film bag formulation
- Patent number 12,227,641
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- Green IP, LLC
- Kelvin T. Okamoto
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Odor reduction and bacterial control on a textile material
- Patent number 12,227,895
- Issue date Feb 18, 2025
- Microban Products Company
- Kenneth Clay Wheless
- A01 - AGRICULTURE FORESTRY ANIMAL HUSBANDRY HUNTING TRAPPING FISHING
Information Patent Grant
Polyethylene foam composition
- Patent number 12,202,955
- Issue date Jan 21, 2025
- SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES B.V.
- Johan Maria Krist
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Germ-repellent plastic, a manufacturing method therefor, and a germ...
- Patent number 12,202,947
- Issue date Jan 21, 2025
- Nano and Advanced Materials Institute Limited
- Wenjun Meng
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Catalyst system
- Patent number 12,186,738
- Issue date Jan 7, 2025
- Dow Global Technologies LLC
- Raghunath Roy
- B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Thermally conductive polymer compositions containing carbon black
- Patent number 12,180,412
- Issue date Dec 31, 2024
- Cabot Corporation
- Federico Villalpando-Paez
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Additive systems containing an antioxidant and a glycerol stearate...
- Patent number 12,173,136
- Issue date Dec 24, 2024
- Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
- Justin W. Kamplain
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Ionomer interlayer with enhanced adhesion properties
- Patent number 12,168,341
- Issue date Dec 17, 2024
- KURARAY AMERICA, INC.
- Charles Anthony Smith
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Polyalkylene carbonate-based resin, and molded article produced the...
- Patent number 12,139,604
- Issue date Nov 12, 2024
- LG Chem, Ltd.
- Won Hee Woo
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Polyamide composition containing a metallic pigment
- Patent number 12,134,686
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- Ticona LLC
- Bruce M. Mulholland
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Bacteria repellant polymer composites
- Patent number 12,134,672
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- Ka Shui Plastic Technology Co. Ltd.
- You Wu
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Artificial turf fiber with UV protection substances
- Patent number 12,134,687
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- Polytex Sportbelage Produktions GmbH
- Stephan Sick
- D01 - NATURAL OR ARTIFICIAL THREADS OR FIBRES SPINNING
Information Patent Grant
Masterbatch with semi-crystalline polyolefin carrier resin
- Patent number 12,116,463
- Issue date Oct 15, 2024
- Dow Global Technologies LLC
- Yongyong Yang
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Grant
Racing tire rubber composition and method for manufacturing same
- Patent number 12,116,482
- Issue date Oct 15, 2024
- Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- Dong Hoon Oh
- B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Reinforced polyolefin composite
- Patent number 12,104,048
- Issue date Oct 1, 2024
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Warintorn Thitsartarn
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR PREPARING UNIFORMLY-CURED SOLID LOADING TIRES FROM HIGH-...
- Publication number 20250145774
- Publication date May 8, 2025
- NORTH UNIVERSITY OF CHINA
- Yaqing LIU
- B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-BASED POLYMER PROCESSING AIDS
- Publication number 20250145820
- Publication date May 8, 2025
- EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL PATENTS INC.
- Nino RUOCCO
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
MASTERBATCH
- Publication number 20250145773
- Publication date May 8, 2025
- FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
- Yui HAMURO
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
Extrusion Processes
- Publication number 20250135684
- Publication date May 1, 2025
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company
- Jianya Cheng
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
POLYLACTIC ACID HIGH-STRENGTH LONG FIBER USING NATURAL DYE PIGMENTS...
- Publication number 20250137172
- Publication date May 1, 2025
- VISIONWORLD CO., LTD.
- Yoon Seok JANG
- D10 - INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEX...
Information Patent Application
METHOD OF PREPARING WET MASTER BATCH ELASTOMER COMPOSITION FOR MAKI...
- Publication number 20250136768
- Publication date May 1, 2025
- KOREA KUMHO PETROCHEMICAL CO., LTD.
- Seung Hyun KIM
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
TOUGHENED POLYAMIDE
- Publication number 20250129248
- Publication date Apr 24, 2025
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Tao Wang
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
CHEMICAL-RESISTANT POLYCARBONATE COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION METHOD...
- Publication number 20250115758
- Publication date Apr 10, 2025
- SHENZHEN YUANCHUANG CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
- Zhigang Ren
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
CONDUCTIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND MOL...
- Publication number 20250115760
- Publication date Apr 10, 2025
- LG CHEM, LTD.
- Gi Dae CHOI
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
Phase-change temperature-reducing polyurethane composite material,...
- Publication number 20250115798
- Publication date Apr 10, 2025
- Thermalysis New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
- Tianxu Huang
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
IN-SITU FORMATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) NANOPARTICLES WITHIN ELAS...
- Publication number 20250111960
- Publication date Apr 3, 2025
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
- Jennifer K. Lynch-Branzoi
- G06 - COMPUTING CALCULATING COUNTING
Information Patent Application
POLYSACCHARIDE-ELASTOMER MASTERBATCH COMPOSITIONS
- Publication number 20250109259
- Publication date Apr 3, 2025
- NUTRITION & BIOSCIENCES USA 4, INC.
- Natnael Behabtu
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF SILICA IN HYDROCARBON SOLVENT, MASTERBATCH,...
- Publication number 20250109260
- Publication date Apr 3, 2025
- The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
- Yuan-Yong Yan
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
AMINE FATTY ACID ADDUCTS AS TIRE COMPOUNDING ADDITIVES
- Publication number 20250109275
- Publication date Apr 3, 2025
- Ingevity South Carolina, LLC
- Andrew Joseph Franjesevic
- B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND METHOD
- Publication number 20250101189
- Publication date Mar 27, 2025
- The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
- Michael Lester Kerns
- B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION PROCESS
- Publication number 20250101190
- Publication date Mar 27, 2025
- The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
- Peter Isaac Dent
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
TRANSLUCENT FILM CONTAINING PIGMENTS, PREPARATION METHOD, AND COMPO...
- Publication number 20250084588
- Publication date Mar 13, 2025
- TMG - TECIDOS PLASTIFICADOS E OUTROS REVESTIMENTOS PARA A INDÚSTRIA AUTOMÓVEL...
- António César Rodrigues Águia
- D06 - TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE LAUNDERING FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTH...
Information Patent Application
MASTERBATCH, RUBBER COMPOSITION FOR TIRE, TIRE, AND MANUFACTURING M...
- Publication number 20250084221
- Publication date Mar 13, 2025
- TOYO TIRE CORPORATION
- Keisuke Mogari
- B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
HEAT-SHRINKABLE POLYESTER FILM
- Publication number 20250084225
- Publication date Mar 13, 2025
- C.I. TAKIRON CORPORATION
- Takuma KANEKO
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
Additive Systems Containing an Antioxidant and a Glycerol Stearate...
- Publication number 20250075057
- Publication date Mar 6, 2025
- Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
- Justin W. Kamplain
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
PREPARATION METHOD OF BISMUTH ION FUNCTIONAL GRAPHENE AGRICULTURAL...
- Publication number 20250074020
- Publication date Mar 6, 2025
- ChiKui MAK
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
A PROCESS TO IMPROVE THE UTILITY OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE
- Publication number 20250066564
- Publication date Feb 27, 2025
- SABIC Global Technologies B.V.
- Ginger DE LA CROIX
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
IONOMER INTERLAYER WITH ENHANCED ADHESION PROPERTIES
- Publication number 20250058554
- Publication date Feb 20, 2025
- KURARAY AMERICA, INC.
- Charles Anthony Smith
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Application
BIAXIALLY ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE-BASED FILM
- Publication number 20250059335
- Publication date Feb 20, 2025
- Toyobo Co., Ltd.
- Atsushi KANAYA
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
FLAME RETARDING COMPOSITION, FLAME-RETARDANT RESIN COMPOSITION, AND...
- Publication number 20250051548
- Publication date Feb 13, 2025
- ADEKA CORPORATION
- Chikako KASAI
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
ONE-TIME INJECTION MOLDING METHOD FOR HUMAN BONE MODEL SAMPLES
- Publication number 20250050567
- Publication date Feb 13, 2025
- Weidong LIU
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
METHODS OF PREPARING A COMPOSITE HAVING RESINS
- Publication number 20250043086
- Publication date Feb 6, 2025
- Beyond Lotus LLC
- Ping Zhang
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
FIRE-RETARDANT COMPOSITIONS AND INSULATION MATERIALS AND METHOD OF...
- Publication number 20250043186
- Publication date Feb 6, 2025
- Applegate Greenfiber Acquisition, LLC
- Marvin Lee Johnson
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
MASTERBATCH COMPOSITIONS
- Publication number 20250034340
- Publication date Jan 30, 2025
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Rony S.L. Vanspeybroeck
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER EXPANDED BEAD CAPABLE OF BEING FORMED BY STEA...
- Publication number 20250034346
- Publication date Jan 30, 2025
- Useon Technology Limited
- Zhiqiang CHEN
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...

using masterbatch techniques

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Aquatic plant biomass-based decomposable and antibacterial plastic...

Composition for protecting light sensitive materials

Flame retardant masterbatch composition for foams containing a pH m...

Tires comprising rubber compounds that comprise propylene-α-olefin-...

Rubber composition with enhanced curing and adhesion properties, pr...

High clarity antimicrobial resins

Fully bio-based, highly filled lignin-rubber masterbatch, method fo...

Rubber formulation

Photochromic polypropylene fiber and preparation method thereof

Polycarbonate blend having reduced disturbing noise

Methods and compositions for films, masterbatch, yarns, fabrics, an...

Process for preparing a surface-treated calcium carbonate material

Nucleating agent for polyolefin resin, nucleating agent composition...

Carbon nano materials in crosslinked polyurethane and polyurea appl...

Photochromic thermal insulation fiber and manufacturing method thereof

Soil biodegradable blown film bag formulation

Odor reduction and bacterial control on a textile material

Polyethylene foam composition

Germ-repellent plastic, a manufacturing method therefor, and a germ...

Catalyst system

Thermally conductive polymer compositions containing carbon black

Additive systems containing an antioxidant and a glycerol stearate...

Ionomer interlayer with enhanced adhesion properties

Polyalkylene carbonate-based resin, and molded article produced the...

Polyamide composition containing a metallic pigment

Bacteria repellant polymer composites

Artificial turf fiber with UV protection substances

Masterbatch with semi-crystalline polyolefin carrier resin

Racing tire rubber composition and method for manufacturing same

Reinforced polyolefin composite

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

METHOD FOR PREPARING UNIFORMLY-CURED SOLID LOADING TIRES FROM HIGH-...

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-BASED POLYMER PROCESSING AIDS

MASTERBATCH

Extrusion Processes

POLYLACTIC ACID HIGH-STRENGTH LONG FIBER USING NATURAL DYE PIGMENTS...

METHOD OF PREPARING WET MASTER BATCH ELASTOMER COMPOSITION FOR MAKI...

TOUGHENED POLYAMIDE

CHEMICAL-RESISTANT POLYCARBONATE COMPOSITION AND PREPARATION METHOD...

CONDUCTIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME, AND MOL...

Phase-change temperature-reducing polyurethane composite material,...

IN-SITU FORMATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) NANOPARTICLES WITHIN ELAS...

POLYSACCHARIDE-ELASTOMER MASTERBATCH COMPOSITIONS

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF SILICA IN HYDROCARBON SOLVENT, MASTERBATCH,...

AMINE FATTY ACID ADDUCTS AS TIRE COMPOUNDING ADDITIVES

MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND METHOD

MASTERBATCH PRODUCTION PROCESS

TRANSLUCENT FILM CONTAINING PIGMENTS, PREPARATION METHOD, AND COMPO...

MASTERBATCH, RUBBER COMPOSITION FOR TIRE, TIRE, AND MANUFACTURING M...

HEAT-SHRINKABLE POLYESTER FILM

Additive Systems Containing an Antioxidant and a Glycerol Stearate...

PREPARATION METHOD OF BISMUTH ION FUNCTIONAL GRAPHENE AGRICULTURAL...

A PROCESS TO IMPROVE THE UTILITY OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE

IONOMER INTERLAYER WITH ENHANCED ADHESION PROPERTIES

BIAXIALLY ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE-BASED FILM

FLAME RETARDING COMPOSITION, FLAME-RETARDANT RESIN COMPOSITION, AND...

ONE-TIME INJECTION MOLDING METHOD FOR HUMAN BONE MODEL SAMPLES

METHODS OF PREPARING A COMPOSITE HAVING RESINS

FIRE-RETARDANT COMPOSITIONS AND INSULATION MATERIALS AND METHOD OF...

MASTERBATCH COMPOSITIONS

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER EXPANDED BEAD CAPABLE OF BEING FORMED BY STEA...