Patent Application
20060278301
The present invention relates to aerosol systems and methods for mixing and dispensing hardenable materials and, more specifically, to aerosol systems and methods for mixing and dispensing hardenable materials appropriate for repairing damaged surfaces.
Many materials are originally formulated in a liquid or semi-liquid form for application, shaping, molding, or the like and then allowed to solidify or harden. For example, plastics and metals are heated such that they take on a liquid or malleable form and then solidify as they cool. Paints and other water or oil-based coating materials solidify to obtain a hard surface when exposed to air.
The present invention relates to thermosetting resins containing epoxy groups that, when blended or mixed with other chemicals, solidify or harden to obtain a strong, hard, chemically resistant coating, adhesive or the like. The present invention has application to the mixing and dispensing of any two materials; the scope of the present invention should thus be determined by the claims appended hereto and not the following detailed description of the invention.
Hard surfaces such as ceramic or fiberglass may be scratched or chipped. These surfaces cannot practically be repaired using water or oil based coatings, so two part epoxy materials are typically used to repair smooth hard surfaces such as ceramic or fiberglass. Two part materials are typically manufactured and sold in two separate containers (e.g., squeeze tubes or small buckets). The materials that are combined to form a repair material will be referred to as A and B materials in the following discussion.
Appropriate quantities of the A and B materials are conventionally removed or dispensed from the two separate containers and mixed immediately prior to application. Once the A/B mixture is formed, the materials must be applied before the mixture hardens. Typically, a brush, spatula, scraper, or the like is used to apply the A/B mixture to the surface to be repaired. A surface repaired as just described will typically function adequately. In addition, the color of the repaired surface may match the color of the non-repaired surface.
Conventional systems and methods for mixing and dispensing two-part materials further require mixing plates or pans and other application tools that must be provided and then subsequently cleaned or disposed of after use.
Also, in many situations, the A and B materials must be mixed in relatively precise ratios. Using conventional mixing/dispensing systems and methods, an inexperienced user may have difficulty mixing the A and B materials in the required ratio, resulting in an improper A/B mixture.
Conventional mixing/dispensing systems do not provide an easy, hands-free dispensing system. The tool employed to measure and/or mix the A and B materials is often used to dispense these materials.
A goal of the present invention is thus to provide improved systems or methods for accurately mixing two-part materials that allows the A and B materials to be easily mixed and applied by non-experts and which minimizes clean-up concerns.
The present invention may be embodied as an aerosol system or method for mixing first and second materials comprising first and second container assemblies and a coupler. The first container assembly contains the second material and a propellant material that pressurizes the second material. The second container assembly contains the first material and at least a partial vacuum. The coupler comprises first and second coupler connecting portions and is arranged such that the first coupler connecting portion engages the first container assembly and the second coupler connecting portion engages the second container assembly. The propellant material and the partial vacuum in the second container assembly cause a portion of the propellant material and at least a portion of the second material to flow into the second container assembly to form a mixture in the second container assembly. The propellant material within the second container assembly forces at least a portion of the mixture from the second container assembly.
When embodied as a method, the present invention may contain the following steps. The second material is arranged in a first container assembly. A propellant material is arranged in the first container assembly to pressurize the second material within the first container assembly. The first material is arranged in a second container assembly. A coupler comprising first and second coupler connecting portions is provided. The coupler is arranged such that the coupler engages the first and second container assemblies. The coupler is stabilized when the coupler engages the first and second container assemblies. A portion of the propellant material and at least a portion of the second material are allowed to flow into the second container assembly to form a mixture in the second container assembly. The propellant material is allowed to force at least a portion of the mixture from the second container assembly.
Referring initially to
As shown in
The mixing and dispensing system 20 is adapted to mix materials represented by reference characters A and B. The material B is contained by the first container assembly 30, and the material A is contained by the second container assembly 32.
The first container assembly 30 is pressurized as indicated by reference character P. In the example system 20, the material B contains or is mixed with a liquid propellant material that gassifies under appropriate pressures and temperatures to pressurize the contents of the first container assembly 30 as indicated by the reference character P. Other pressurizing techniques may be appropriate for different materials; for example, an inert gas may be forced into the first container assembly 30 to pressurize the contents of this container. In contrast, in the example system 20, a partial vacuum is established in the second container assembly 32 as indicated by reference character V.
When the system 20 is in the mixing configuration 20a, the coupler member 34 connects the first and second container assemblies to allow transfer of the material B to the second container assembly 32 where the material B is mixed with the material A to obtain an A/B mixture. At the same time, a portion of the propellant material in liquid form is also transferred to the second container assembly 32 such that the second container assembly contains some of the propellant material in addition to the A/B mixture. The propellant material gasifies in the second container assembly 32 to pressurize the A/B mixture formed therein.
The actuator member 36 is then placed on the second container assembly 32 to allow the A/B mixture to be dispensed from this container assembly 32 in a conventional manner.
With the foregoing basic understanding of the present invention in mind, the details of construction and operation of this invention will now be described.
As perhaps best can be seen with reference to
The valve assemblies 44 and 54 are rigidly connected to the neck portions 42 and 52 of the containers 40 and 50. So assembled, the valve assemblies 44 and 54 selectively create or block a fluid path between the interior and exterior of the containers 40 and 50. The operation of the dip tube assembly 56 will be described in further detail below.
Referring now to
The first connection portion 60 of the coupler member 34 is sized and dimensioned to engage the first valve assembly 44, while the second connecting portion 62 is sized and dimensioned to engage the second valve assembly 54. The coupler member 34 engages the first and second valve assemblies 44 and 54 such that the axes C, D, and E are aligned as shown in
The exemplary actuator member 36 is or may be conventional and comprises a button portion 70 and a stem portion 72. The stem portion 72 is sized and dimensioned to engage the second valve assembly 54 such that depressing the button portion 70 towards the second container 50 causes the second valve assembly 54 to open, thereby allowing fluid to flow out of the second container assembly 32 through the actuator passageway 74.
Referring now to
The valve spring 122 is configured to bias the valve member 126 out of the housing chamber 132 (downward in
However, when the valve member 126 is in the open position as shown in
The second valve assembly 54 comprises a second valve housing 140, a second valve spring 142, a second valve seat 144, and a second valve member 146. The valve housing 140 defines a second housing opening 150 and a second housing chamber 152. The valve housing 140 also comprises a bayonette portion 154.
The valve spring 142 and valve member 146 are arranged within the housing chamber 152. The valve seat 144 is held between the valve housing 140 and the container 50.
The valve spring 142 biases the valve member 146 against the valve seat 144 when the valve asembly 54 is in its closed position as shown in
Given the foregoing description of the first and second valve assemblies 44 and 54, it should be clear that the first valve asembly 44 is what may be characterized as a male valve assembly in that the stem portion 128 of the first valve member 126 extends out of the first housing chamber and the first container 40.
The second valve assembly 54 may be characterized as a female valve assembly in that the second valve member 146 lies entirely within the second housing chamber 152. Conventionally, a stem portion of an actuator, such as the stem portion 72 of the actuator member 36, extends into the second housing chamber to engage the second valve member 146. Again conventionally, depressing the second portion 70 displaces the stem portion 72 and thus lifts the valve member 146 from the valve seat 144.
As briefly discussed above, both of the first and second container assemblies 30 and 32 are or may be conventional, and suitable container assemblies are available on the market without modification. In addition, as will be discussed in further detail below, these valve assemblies are sized and dimensioned to allow fluid flow rates that allow the effective and efficient transfer of the material B from the first container assembly 30 into the second container assembly 32.
The bayonette chamber 170 receives the bayonette portion 154 of the second valve housing 140. The dip tube 164 is connected to a similar bayonette portion 184 of the check valve housing 160. An unobstructed fluid flow path extends between the bayonette chamber 170 and the dip tube opening 178. Accordingly, when the system 20 is in its dispensing configuration 20b, fluid at the bottom of the second container 50 flows up through the dip tube 164, the check valve housing 160, through the second valve assembly 54, and out through the actuator passageway 74.
Defined by the check valve housing 160 are first and second check valve seats 180 and 182. When the system 20 is in the mixing configuration 20a, the pressure P within the first container assembly 30 and vacuum V in the second container assembly 32 forces the check valve member 162 against the first check valve seat 180. In this configuration, the material B flows into the second container assembly 32 through the second ball opening 176. The second ball opening 176 is sized and dimensioned to allow a relatively high rate of flow of the material B into the second container assembly 32; this relatively high flow rate decreases the time that the system 20 must be kept in the mixing configuration 20a. When the system 20 is in the dispensing configuration 20b, gravity forces the check valve member 162 against the second check valve seat 182. Propellant material within the second container assembly 32 thus does not flow directly out of the container 50; instead, when the second valve assembly 54 is in the open configuration, the propellant material forces the A/B mixture through the dip tube 164, the second valve assembly 54, and out through the actuator member 36.
Turning now to
The first connecting projection 222 defines a connecting chamber 230 that, as shown in
The second connecting projection 224 defines a connecting bore 240 and an outer surface 242. A connecting notch 244 is formed in the projection 224, and a beveled surface 246 is formed on the outer surface 242 directly above the notch 244. The projection 224 further defines a reduced diameter portion 248 at its distal end away from the center plate 220. The second connecting projection 224 is sized and adapted to be received by a stem seat 146a of the second valve member 146. With the projection 224 so received, the connecting bore 240 is in fluid communication with the second housing chamber 152 when the second valve assembly 54 is in the open configuration.
The coupler passageway 64 extends along the connecting chamber 230 and the connecting bore 240 through the center plate 220. Accordingly, when both valve assemblies 44 and 54 are in their open configurations, the first valve path 138 and second valve path 156 are connected by the coupler passageway 64. The valve assemblies 44 and 54 are placed into their open configurations by inserting the stem portion 128 of the first valve member 126 into the connecting chamber 230, inserting the second connecting projection 224 into the stem seat 146a of the second valve member 146, and forcing the containers 40 and 50 toward each other.
The exemplary stabilizing structure 66 is formed by a stabilizing housing 250 having first and second stabilizing walls 252 and 254. The first stabilizing wall defines a first stabilizing chamber 256, while the second stabilizing wall 254 defines a second stabilizing chamber 258. The first and second connecting projections 222 and 224 are located within the first and second stabilizing chambers 256 and 258, respectively.
When the system 20 is in the mixing configuration 20a, the first neck portion 42 of the first container 40 is received within the first stabilizing chamber 256, and the second neck portion 52 of the second container 40 is similarly received within the second stabilizing chamber 256. The first stabilizing wall 252 thus engages the first neck portion 42 and the second stabilizing wall 254 engages the second neck portion 52 to inhibit relative movement between the container assemblies 30 and 32 except along the aligned axes C, D, and E.
The optional stabilizing housing 250 thus allows the container assemblies 30 and 32 to move towards each other along the aligned axes C, D, and E, but inhibits pivoting or rocking motion of one container assembly relative to the other while the materials A and B are being mixed.
With the foregoing understanding of the exemplary structures used to carry out the principles of the present invention, one exemplary method of carrying out the present invention will now be described. If a given step is not required to implement the present invention in its broadest form, that step will be identified as an optional step.
Optional initial steps are to warm the first container assembly 30 and/or to cool the second container assembly 32. Warming the first container assembly 30 increases the pressure P on the material B. Cooling the second container assembly 32 increases the partial vacuum V within the second container assembly 32. While not required, these optional initial steps will increase the pressure differential between the two container assemblies 30 and 32 and thus the rate at which the material B is transferred from the first container assembly 30 to the second container assembly 32.
A second optional step is to shake the first container assembly 30. If the material B includes a liquid propellant, shaking the assembly 30, and thus the material B, encourages gassification of the propellant. The gassified propellant increases the pressure on the material B, which will in turn decrease material transfer time.
At this point, the coupler member 34 is attached to the first and second container assemblies 30 and 32 as shown above with reference to
The first container assembly 30 is then displaced downwardly relative to the second container assembly 32 with the axes C, D, and E aligned until the coupler member 34 engages the second container assembly 32 as shown in
The first and second container assemblies 30 and 32 are then held relative to each other until the combination of the pressure P in the first container assembly 30 and the partial vacuum V in the second container assembly 32 causes the material B to flow from the first container assembly 30 into the second container assembly 32. The system 20 described herein allows the material B to be transferred to the second container assembly 32 in approximately one minute. The material B mixes with the material A as the material B enters the second container assembly 32.
When the transfer is complete, the first container assembly 30 and coupler member 34 are removed from the second container assembly 32. The actuator member 36 is then connected to the second container assembly 32 as shown in
The combination of the second container assembly 32 and actuator member 36 may then be used to dispense the A/B mixture. If the A/B mixture is an epoxy or other binary chemical system, use of the combination of the second container assembly 32 and actuator member 36 is optionally delayed for a predetermined time period to allow for the appropriate chemical reaction.
A first example implementation of the present invention is as a dispensing and mixing system for a two-part epoxy material for repairing cracked or chipped ceramic plumbing fixtures such as sinks, bathtubs, commodes, or the like. In this case, the material A is a clear catalyst and the material B is a mixture of a liquid propellant and a pigmented liquid, typically white or almond in color. The propellant is partially in a liquid phase and partially in a gaseous phase.
Set forth below are several tables that define certain variable parameters of the exemplary system 20 described herein. When these tables contain numerical limitations, the table includes a preferred value and first and second preferred ranges. The preferred values are to be read as “approximately” the listed value. The first and second preferred ranges are to be read as “substantially within” the listed range. In addition, the preferred ranges may be specifically enumerated or may be identified as plus or minus a certain percentage. In this case, the range is calculated as a percentage of, and is centered about, the preferred value.
The following Table A lists typical ingredients by percentage weight of the material A when the present invention is embodied as a surface repair system for ceramic, fiberglass, and other surfaces.
The following Table B lists typical ingredients by percentage weight of the material B when the present invention is embodied as a repair system for ceramic, fiberglass, and other surfaces.
The following Table C lists liquid propellants appropriate for use with a repair system for ceramic, fiberglass, and other surfaces of the present invention. Typical proportions of these propellants by percentage weight when mixed with the material B are identified in the last row of Table B.
The following Table D lists typical proportions by weight of the materials A and B and propellant when the present invention is embodied as a ceramic repair system.
The following Table E lists typical numbers and ranges of numbers for certain dimensions of the physical structure of the present invention when optimized for implementation as a ceramic repair system. These dimensions are quantified as approximate minimal cross-sectional areas of fluid paths such as bores, openings, notches, or the like in a direction perpendicular to fluid flow.
In the preferred embodiments, only such one fluid path may be shown, but a plurality of these paths in parallel may be used. In this case, the value listed in Table E represents the total of all of the cross-sectional areas created by the plurality of fluid paths.
In addition, Table E includes linear dimensions corresponding to diameters of certain circular openings. The effective cross-sectional area can easily be calculated from the diameter. Although circular cross-sectional areas are typically preferred, other geometric shapes may be used. The use of linear dimensions representing diameters in Table E thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to circular fluid paths.
When implemented as a repair system as just described, the method described above preferably includes the optional steps of shaking the first container assembly 30, allowing the A/B mixture to sit for approximately one hour after the actuator member 36 is placed thereon and before use, and refrigerating the A/B mixture in the second container assembly to extend the life of the A/B mixture between uses. Again, however, these steps are optional, and the present invention may be implemented in forms not including these steps.
The example mixing and dispensing systems and methods of the present invention may be used with a variety of A/B mixtures other than the ceramic and/or fiberglass repair products described above. In general, the present application has broader application to any product having two parts that cannot be mixed at the production level, but which instead require the mixture of two different materials at the point of application. Such two-part chemistries often require a precise ratio of the components of the A/B mixture to obtain acceptable performance of the product. The mixing and dispensing systems and methods of the present invention may be implemented to allow precise control of the ratio of the components of the A/B mixture when used under proper conditions.
Other examples of A/B mixtures that may be dispensed using the systems and methods of the present invention include epoxy coatings, such as two-part urethane coatings and amino-cured, acid-catalyzed coatings, two-part adhesive materials, two-part caulks and sealants.
Two-part urethane coatings are high-quality coatings with excellent hardness, flexibility, and exterior durability characteristics. One example of applying the mixing and dispensing systems and methods of the present invention to two-part urethane coatings would be to place a pigmented polyol in one container and a cross-linker, such as an isocyanate-functional polymer, in the other container. The pigmented polyol and isocynate-functional polymer would be mixed and dispensed as generally described herein. Such urethanes can either be air-dry (acrylic) or oven cured (polyester), although an air-dry urethane may be preferable for consumer applications.
Amino-cured, acid-catalized coatings are typically industrial products that are mixed, applied, and oven-cured. When mixed and dispensed using the systems and methods of the present invention, a backbone resin such as acrylics, alkyds, epoxies, and polyesters is arranged in one container, and an amino cross-linking agent such as melamines, ureas, glycolurils, and benzoguanamines are arranged in the other container. The two materials would be mixed and dispensed as generally described herein.
Other epoxy coatings, such as pool paints, may also be mixed and dispensed using the systems and methods of the present invention. In general, any coating where solvent or water resistance is important may be formed by an A/B mixture that may be mixed and dispensed as generally described herein.
In any application in which the mixing and dispensing system of the present invention is used to dispense an A/B material, the viscosities of the first and second component materials, as well as that of the A/B material itself, would be considered. As an example, if one material is less viscous than the other, the less viscous material may be used as the second material and arranged in the first container with the propellant. In addition, the A/B mixture may be formulated such that, when mixed with the propellant in the second container, the combination of the mixture and the propellant is dispensed from the second container in a spray that obtains a desired coverage, surface texture, and the like.
Referring now to
The system 320 comprises an aerosol container assembly 322 defining a container chamber 324 and a material bag 326 defining a bag chamber 328. The container assembly 322 is or may be conventional and comprises a container 330, a valve assembly 332, an actuator member 334, a dip tube 336, and an exemplary piercing member 338.
The B part of the epoxy material and a propellant material are contained by the material bag 326 within the bag chamber 328. The bag 326 is secured by the attachment of the valve assembly 332 onto the container 330. For shipping and storage prior to use, the bag chamber 328 is sealed from the container chamber 324, and a pressure P is maintained by the gaseous phase propellant material in the bag chamber 328. At the same time, the material B is placed in the container chamber 324, and a vacuum V is also established in the chamber 324.
When the system 320 is to be used, the material bag 326 is pierced to allow the materials A and B to mix within the container chamber 324. The bag 326 may be pierced by any appropriate means. For example, spinning the valve assembly 332 relative to the container 330 could be used to pierce the material bag 326. The exemplary system 320 comprises a piercing member 338 in the form of a ball within the container chamber 324. Shaking the aerosol assembly 320 will cause the ball 338 to engage and rupture the material bag 326 and thereby allow the materials A and B to mix. The system 320 has the advantage of only comprising a single container.
As should be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art, the present invention may be embodied in forms other than those described above.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,560 filed Feb. 1, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,063,236, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/389,426 filed Mar. 14, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,848,601, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/364,946 filed Mar. 14, 2002.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60364946 | Mar 2002 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11048560 | Feb 2005 | US |
| Child | 11454073 | Jun 2006 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10389426 | Mar 2003 | US |
| Child | 11048560 | Feb 2005 | US |
