Patent Grant
11679270
The present invention generally relates to methods using the influence of magnetic and induced electric field on biological structure. The magnetic field is time-varying and high powered therefore the method is based on a value of magnetic flux density sufficient to induce at least partial muscle contraction.
Aesthetic medicine includes all treatments resulting in enhancing a visual appearance and satisfaction of the patient. Patients want to minimize all imperfections including body shape and effects of natural aging. Indeed, patients request quick, non-invasive procedures providing satisfactory results with minimal risks.
The most common methods used for non-invasive aesthetic applications are based on application of mechanical waves, e.g. ultrasound or shock wave therapy; or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radiofrequency treatment or light treatment, such as intense pulsed light or laser treatment. The effect of mechanical waves on tissue is based especially on cavitation, vibration and/or heat inducing effects. The effect of applications using electromagnetic waves is based especially on heat production in the biological structure.
Skin tissue is composed of three basic elements: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis or so called subcutis. The outer and also the thinnest layer of skin is the epidermis. The dermis consists of collagen, elastic tissue and reticular fibers. The hypodermis is the lowest layer of the skin and contains hair follicle roots, lymphatic vessels, collagen tissue, nerves and also fat forming a subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT). The adipose cells create lobules which are bounded by connective tissue, fibrous septa (retinaculum cutis).
Another part of adipose tissue, so called visceral fat, is located in the peritoneal cavity and forms visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) located between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, closely below muscle fibers adjoining the hypoderm is layer.
Existing devices have low efficiency and they waste energy, which limits their use. Eddy currents induced within the coil create engineering challenges. Existing devices contain coils which are made of metallic strips, electric wires or hollow conductors. Since the therapy requires large currents, significant losses are caused by induced eddy currents within the coil. Eddy currents lead to production of unwanted heat and therefore there is need to sufficiently cool the coil. Also, the energy source must be protected during reverse polarity of resonance. This requires using protective circuits which consume significant amounts of energy.
Current magnetic aesthetic methods are limited in key parameters which are repetition rate and/or magnetic flux density. All known methods use low values of magnetic flux density and/or low repetition rates which does not allow satisfactory enhancement of visual appearance. As a result, new methods are needed to enhance the visual appearance of the patient.
The currently used aesthetic applications don't provide any treatment combining the effect of time-varying magnetic field treatment and conventional treatment, e.g. treatment by electromagnetic field such as radiofrequency treatment. The currently used radiofrequency treatment includes many adverse events such as non-homogenous thermal temperature, insufficient blood and/or lymph flow during and/or after the treatment. Additionally several adverse event such as panniculitis may occur after the treatment.
The present methods and devices as described below produce a time varying magnetic field for patient treatment which better optimizes energy use, increases the effectiveness of the treatments and provide a new treatment. The magnetic pulses may be generated in monophasic, biphasic or polyphasic regimes. In a first aspect, the device has one or more coils; a switch; an energy storage device and a connection to an energy source. The coil may be made of insulated wires with a conductor diameter less than 3 mm even more preferably less than 0.5 mm and most preferably less than 0.05 mm. Smaller diameter and individual insulation of the wires significantly reduces self-heating of the coil and therefore increase efficiency of magnetic stimulation device. The coil may be flexibly attached in a casing of device. The casing may comprise a blower or blowers which ensure cooling of the coil.
The present methods provide new aesthetic applications for focused remodeling of the patient's body. The coil of the magnetic stimulation device may be flexibly attached to casing of the device. The blower or blowers may be arranged to blow air on both sides of coil. Optionally, the coil may be a flat type coil.
The method of treating a biological structure uses a combination of non-invasive methods for enhancing human appearance. The invention utilizes electromagnetic field. Methods may be used for targeted remodeling of adipose tissue, focused treatment of cellulite, body contouring, skin tightening or skin rejuvenation. The invention relates to focused heating of the target tissue by electromagnetic waves, whereas the effect of focused heating of the target tissue is amplified by the effect of a magnetic treatment.
The magnetic treatment induces the muscle contraction at higher repetition rates and the contraction is stronger. Therefore the treatment is more efficient for reducing the number and/or volume of adipocytes and enhancing the visual appearance of the treated body region via targeted muscle contraction. Further the temperature homogeneity of is improved. Additionally, strong muscle contractions at higher repetition rates cause mechanical movement of all the layers in proximity of the contracted muscle. The methods therefore cause remodeling and/or neogenesis of the collagen and elastin fibers.
The methods enable new treatments by magnetic and/or electromagnetic field. The repetition rate of the magnetic field is in the range of 1 to 300 Hz with high magnetic flux density up to 7 Tesla (equivalent to 70000 Gauss). The frequency of the electromagnetic field is 13.56 or 40.68 or 27.12 MHz or 2.45 GHz.
Conventional non-invasive and/or invasive aesthetic medicine treatment methods refer to aesthetic applications based on application of mechanical waves, e.g. acoustic wave, ultrasound or shock wave therapy; or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radiofrequency or diathermy treatment or light treatment, such as intense pulsed light or laser treatment; or mechanical stimulation, e.g. positive or negative pressure, rollerball, massage etc.; or thermal treatment, e.g. cryotherapy; or electrotherapy method; or mesotherapy method and or any combination thereof.
Thermal treatment refers to treatment by heating or cooling, e.g. a cryotherapy treatment.
Biological structure is at least one neuron, neuromuscular plate, muscle fiber, adipose cell or tissue, collagen, elastin, pigment or skin.
Remodeling target biological structure refers to reducing the number and/or volume of the adipocytes by apoptosis and/or necrosis, cellulite treatment, body shaping and/or contouring, muscle toning, skin tightening, collagen treatment, skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removing, reducing stretchmarks, breast lifting, lip enhancement, treatment of vascular or pigmented lesions of the skin or hair removing.
Body region includes muscle or muscle group, buttocks, saddlebags, love handles, abdomen, hips, thighs, arms, limb and/or any other tissue.
Muscle includes at least one of muscle fiber, muscle tissue or group, neuromuscular plate or nerve innervating the at least one muscle fiber.
Deep muscle refers to a muscle that is at least partly below superficial muscles and/or to the muscle that is covered by a thick layer of other tissue, e.g. mostly adipose tissue and/or the skin, with thickness 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more centimetres.
Adipose tissue refers to at least one lipid rich cell, e.g. adipocyte.
Bolus refers to a layer of fluid material, e.g. water or fluid solution of ceramic particles, preferably enclosed in a flexible sac made of biocompatible material.
Impulse refers to a single magnetic stimulus.
Pulse refers to a period of treatment by a magnetic field of at least one magnetic stimulus and time duration of no stimulation, i.e. time duration between two impulses from rise/fall edge to next rise/fall edge.
Repetition rate refers to frequency of firing the pulses; it is derived from the time duration of a pulse.
where: PEDDY is power loss per unit mass (W·kg−1); Bp is the peak of magnetic field (T); f is frequency (Hz); d is the thickness of the sheet or diameter of the wire (m); k is constant equal to 1 for a thin sheet and 2 for a thin wire; p is the resistivity of material (Ω·m); D is the density of material (kg·m3).
The individual insulation of each wire reduces eddy currents. The individually insulated wires may be wound either one by one or in a bundle of individually insulated wires so as to form a coil, which will serve as a magnetic field generator. The coil provides an improvement in the efficiency of energy transfer in the LC resonant circuit and also reduces or eliminates unwanted thermal effects.
The coil may have a planar coil shape where the individually insulated wires may have cross-section wires with conductor diameter less than 3 mm even more preferably less than 0.5 mm and most preferably less than 0.05 mm. The wires are preferably made of materials with higher density and higher resistivity e.g. gold, platinum or copper. The diameters of the single wires should be minimal. On the other hand the total diameter should be maximal because of inverse proportion between the cross-section of all wires forming the coil and the electrical resistance. Therefore the ohmic part of the heat is then lower. Eq. 2 describes power loss of the coil:
Where: PR is the power loss heat dissipation (W);ρ is the resistance (Ω·m); l is the length of wire (m); S is the surface area (m2); l is the current (A) and m is 1 kg of wire material.
Total power loss is (Eq. 3):
PTOTTEDDY±PR Eq. 3
Where: PTOT is the total power losses (W·kg−1); PEDDY is the power dissipation of eddy currents (W·kg−1); PR is the power loss heat dissipation (W·kg−1).
Dynamic forces produced by current pulses passing through the wires of the coil cause vibrations and unwanted noise. The individual insulated wires of the coil may be impregnated under pressure so as to eliminate air bubbles between the individual insulated wires. The space between wires can be filled with suitable material which causes unification, preservation and electric insulation of the system. Suitable rigid impregnation materials like resin, and elastic materials like PTE can be also used. With the coil provided as a solid mass, the vibrations and resonance caused by movements of the individual insulated wires are suppressed. Therefore noise is reduced.
The coil may be attached to the case of the applicator, such as a hand held applicator of the magnetic stimulation device; build-in applicator in e.g. chair, bed; or stand-alone applicator e.g. on mechanical fixture. The attachment may be provided by an elastic material e.g., silicone, gum; or other flexible manner. Connection with the coil of the applicator's case can be ensured by several points. The several fastening points ensure the connection of the coil to the casing by flexible material so that the main part of the coil and the main part of the casing of applicator are spaced apart. The spacing should be at least 0.1 mm so that air can easily flow. The gap between the coil and the casing can be used either for spontaneous or controlled cooling. The coil may optionally be connected to the case of the applicator by only one fastening point. The fastening points eliminate vibrations of wires which could be transferred to housing of the applicator and therefore reduce noise of the magnetic stimulation device.
The fastening points 3 connect the coil to the case of the applicator in at least one point. The fastening points 3 maintain the coil and the main part of the case of the applicator spaced apart so that fluid (which may be air or any liquid) can flow between them. At least one blower 4 can be placed around the circumference of the coil, or perpendicular to the coil. The blower can be any known kind of device for directing the fluid e.g. outer air directed into the case of the applicator. This arrangement of the blower allows air to bypass the coil from upper and lower (patient's) sides. In still another embodiment the outer air can be cooled before directing into the case. The blower can have an inlet placed around the circumference of the coil for injecting air, to remove heat from the coil. A connecting tube (not shown) can ensure connection of the applicator 5 with the energy source and/or control unit of magnetic stimulation device. The connecting tube may also contain a conduit of the fluid.
The arrows 6 indicate the air flow through the applicator 5. This arrangement of the blower allows the air to bypass the coil from upper and lower (patient's) side. Outlet may be preferably placed on upper side of the casing. By placing the blower around the circumference of the coil instead of on the top/below the coil, the blower 4 does not interfere with the magnetic flux peak and therefore its lifespan and reliability is increased.
In an alternative embodiment cooling may be provided by a member using thermoelectric effect, e.g. a Peltier cooler. Alternatively, cooling may be provided by Stirling engine cooling system.
The state of art magnetic stimulation device achieves magnetic flux density of a few tenths to several ones of Tesla (1 Tesla is equivalent to 10000 Gauss). To achieve this level of magnetic flux density, the energy source used generates sufficient voltage. This voltage can reach thousands of volts. In
During second half-period of LC resonance, the polarity on the energy storage device 13 is reversed in comparison with the energy source 14. In this second half-period, there is a conflict between energy source 14, where voltage on positive and negative terminals is typically thousands of Volts. The energy storage device 13 is also charged to the positive and negative voltage generally to thousands of Volts. As a result, there is in the circuit, consequently, twice the voltage of the energy source 14. Hence the energy source 14 and all parts connected in the circuit are designed for a high voltage load. Therefore, the protective resistors and/or protection circuitry 15 must be placed between energy source 14 and energy storage device 13. Disadvantage of state of art solution is large amount of energy transformed to undesired heat in protective resistors and/or protection circuitry 15.
The switch 18 can be any kind of switch such as diode, MOSFET, JFET, IGBT, BJT, thyristor or their combination. Depending on the type of component the load of energy source 19 is reduced to a few Volts, e.g., 1-10 volts. Consequently, it is not necessary to protect the energy source 19 from a high voltage load, e.g., thousands of Volts. The use of protective resistors and/or protection circuits is reduced or eliminated. The present designs simplify the circuits used, increase efficiency of energy usage and provide higher safety.
The magnetic stimulation device may include a plurality of applicators. The applicator includes at least one magnetic field generating device which may be movable. The benefit of this embodiment is that the movement and/or positioning of the plurality of the applicators may be independent. Hence different parts of the patient's body may be treated simultaneously. Therefore the total treatment time is reduced and patient's downtimes are reduced as well. The movement of the at least one applicator may be automatic so that manual manipulation may not be needed. The movement of the at least one applicator may follow a predetermined trajectory or it may be random. In an alternative embodiment the movement of the plurality of applicators may be synchronized.
Using a plurality of magnetic field generating devices provides faster treatment. Large and/or different areas may be treated in shorter time. Using a plurality of applicators allows different areas and/or target biological structures to be stimulated at the same time. The movement of the at least one applicator may automatically follow a predetermined trajectory. Hence manual manipulation is not needed. Furthermore the shape of the generated magnetic field may be adjusted by an operator.
Large areas may be stimulated by the plurality of the magnetic field generating devices. The plurality of magnetic field generating devices may generate a plurality of independent magnetic fields, e.g. two magnetic field generating devices may generate two magnetic fields with two peaks of magnitude of magnetic flux density.
The plurality of magnetic field generating devices may be operated at various treatment parameters and/or operation modes to provide various treatment effects for the patient during the treatment, e.g. myostimulation, myorelaxation, analgesic effect or aesthetic effects such as adipose tissue reduction, muscle toning, muscle shaping, body contouring, body shaping, skin tightening, cellulite treatment, circumferential reduction, breast enhancement and/or lip enhancement
In the example of
The benefit of this exemplary embodiment is the time independency of the impulses generated by the separate magnetic field generating devices. However, the switching devices may be synchronized to generate the impulses at one fixed time within the pulse or both operation modes may be combined using this embodiment. Another benefit of this embodiment is the possibility of providing various treatments by a plurality of magnetic field generating devices. Various treatments may provide various effects for the patient, e.g. stimulation, such as myostimulation, pain alleviation or myorelaxation.
The impulses generated by the separate magnetic field generating devices are time independent. However, the switching devices may be synchronized to generate the impulses at one time within the pulse or both operation modes may be combined.
The device can be used for treatment/successive treatments in continual, interrupted or various duty cycle regime. The duty cycle may be higher than 10%, which means interrupted regime with the ratio up to 1 active to 9 passive time units. The ratio may possibly change during the therapy. The device enables operation defined by the peak to peak magnetic flux density on the coil surface at least 3 T, more preferably at least 2.25 T, most preferably at least 1.5 T at repetition rates above 50 Hz, more preferably at repetition rates above 60 Hz, even more preferably at repetition rates above 70, most preferably at repetition rates above 80 Hz with treatment/successive treatments lasting several seconds or longer, for example, for at least 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 or 240 seconds, or longer. The total power consumption is below 1.3 kW and the width of pulses is in the range of hundreds of μs.
The device enables achieving repetition rates above 100 Hz, more preferably repetition rates above 150 Hz, most preferably repetition rates above 200 Hz with the magnetic flux density providing a therapeutic effect on neurons and/or muscle fibers and/or endocrine cells (e.g. at least partial muscle contraction, action potential in cell). Based on achievement of repetition rates in order of few hundreds the device also enables assembling the magnetic pulses into the various shapes (e.g. triangular, rectangular, exponential), with the shape widths from 6 ms to several seconds or longer.
Alternatively the magnetic field generating device may generate a static magnetic field. The magnetic field generating device generating the static magnetic field may be e.g. a permanent magnet or electromagnet. The coil may be powered by a power source, a transformer and/or an energy storage device. The magnetic field may be applied as time-varying magnetic field by movement of the magnetic field generating device. Alternatively the magnetic field generating device may be switched on and off.
During last few decades patient have not only wanted to be in good health, they have also wanted to look well, i.e. to be well shaped, without any unattractive fat and to have a young appearance, without wrinkles, stretchmarks or sagging breasts. This has resulted in a progressive evolution of invasive aesthetic methods such as surgical removing of fat and remodeling the human body by invasive and potentially dangerous methods, e.g. liposuction or inserting implants into human body. The side effects of invasive methods may be scars, swelling or bruising. The side effects resulted in the rapid progress in non-invasive method, e.g. lipolysis or removing skin imperfections. One example of the last few years may is rapid increase of patients' demand for enhancing the visual appearance of buttocks. This has resulted in a higher percentage of these operations by plastic surgeons.
Electric current may be induced in the treated biological structure during pulsed magnetic treatment. Due to the high value of magnetic flux density the biological structure may be targeted and treated more specifically. A distribution of magnetic field is uniform in the biological structure. Particles (e.g. atoms, ions, molecules etc.) in the biological structures are influenced by the magnetic field and permeability of a cell membrane may also increase.
Due to increased permeability of the cell membrane, the pulsed magnetic treatment may induce following effects: at least partial muscle contraction; reduction of adipose tissue—volume and/or number of the adipose cells; neogenesis and/or remodeling of collagen and/or elastin fibers. Further magnetic treatment may improve circulation of blood and/or lymph and improve local and/or adipose tissue metabolism.
With the present methods, factors for enhancing visual appearance of the body include: treatment of major muscle, e.g. gluteus maximus; treatment of deep muscle which may be enabled by high value of magnetic flux density; non-contact application of magnetic flux density, it may be applied even through clothing; stronger muscle contraction due to higher value of magnetic flux density; higher-quality of muscle targeting; treatment may not be influenced by small movements during treatment; treatment time duration may be shortened due to high value of magnetic flux density and/or higher repetition rate; no delays may occur.
It is to be understood that the method is not limited to the particular applications and that the method may be practiced or carried out in various ways.
Present method may be applied for enhancing the visual appearance of body parts including or proximate to major muscle structures. Further the method may be applicable for enhancing the visual appearance of patients with high value of BMI. A patient with BMI of at least 18, preferably at least 25, more preferably at least 30, most preferably at least 35 or more may be preferably treated by the recited methods. The thickness of patient's SWAT and/or VWAT may be at least 0.1, 0.5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 or more. The patient may be preferably healthy without any life-threatening conditions such as circulatory system disease, e.g. deep vein thrombosis. The present method is not limited to the application of the treatment to major muscle. Muscles other than major muscles may be treated as well.
The applicator of magnetic treatment may be placed proximate to the patient's body. As used here, proximate to includes both contactless and in actual contact with the skin of the patient. The muscles may be selectively treated and the magnetic flux density may be adjusted following the patient's feeling or needs. The treatment time may be shortened due to selective treatment of the correct muscles. Additionally, due to the high value of magnetic flux density, the muscle may be treated more effectively. Further, the treatment may be non-invasive or even preferably contactless due to the high value of magnetic flux density. The patient may be treated without removing clothing, reducing patient discomfort. Additionally, following the high efficiency of the muscle contraction the collagen and/or elastin fibers above the muscle structure may be remodeled, hence the visual appearance may be enhanced.
The position of the patient may correspond to treated biological structure and/or body region. The patient may be treated in seated position. Alternatively, the patient may be treated in lying position, e.g. in supine position. Treatment in lateral recumbent position may be also applicable. Patient may be in prone position as well.
In the preferred application the treatment method may be applied to body regions prone to cellulite and/or prone to adipose accumulation, such as thighs, saddlebags, buttocks, abdomen, region of love handles, region of bra fat or arm. The adipose accumulation may be influenced by number and/or volume of adipose cells.
The magnetic treatment of the biological structure may have various applications for enhancing visual appearance of the contour of a body region. High density magnetic field reaching such values which may be used for: adipose tissue reduction, wherein the adipose tissue reduction may be achieved by reduction of number and/or volume of adipose cells; muscle toning, wherein the muscle appearance enhancement may be achieved by adipose tissue reduction with no muscle bulking; muscle shaping, wherein the muscle appearance enhancement may be achieved by adipose tissue reduction and/or muscle bulking; body contouring, wherein the silhouette appearance enhancement may be achieved by adipose tissue reduction with no muscle bulking; body shaping, wherein the silhouette appearance enhancement may be achieved by adipose tissue reduction and/or muscle bulking; skin tightening, wherein the skin appearance enhancement may be achieved by obtaining smoother and younger appearance, including wrinkles reduction; cellulite treatment, wherein the appearance enhancement may be achieved by adipose tissue reduction, muscle contraction and/or elastic fibers neogenesis; circumferential reduction, wherein the reduction may be achieved by adipose tissue reduction and/or the muscle bulking; breast enhancement, wherein the appearance enhancement effect may be achieved by elevation or shape modification; lip enhancement, wherein the lip appearance enhancement may be achieved by obtaining fuller and firmer appearance. The body region may be reduced in overall size. Further aesthetic effects may be achieved, e.g. connective tissue improvement, fat disruption, muscle volumization, muscle forming, muscle toning, muscle remodeling, contouring, sculpting or body sculpting.
In the methods described, the magnetic stimulation device may or may not include a magnetic core. The magnetic stimulation device may be cooled by fluid, e.g. by air, water or oil. Total power consumption of the magnetic stimulation device may be below 1.3 kW. The power of the magnetic stimulation device may be at least 150, 250 or 500 W to generate a magnetic flux density sufficient to induce at least muscle contraction. A magnetic stimulation device as described in the US patent application No. 14,789,156 or US patent application No. 14,789,658, incorporated herein by reference, may be used.
The applicator for magnetic treatment may be placed proximate to the patient's body. The magnetic flux density may be applied into the target biological structure. Electric current may be induced and treat the neuromuscular plate and/or the nerve innervating the at least one muscle fiber. The treatment may cause at least a partial muscle contraction.
Furthermore, the present invention discloses the advanced approaches in aesthetic applications, e.g. for cellulite treatment and/or body shaping. Combined methods of treatment by electromagnetic field and treatment by magnetic field are used. The electromagnetic field may include treatment by radiofrequency, infrared or optical waves. The magnetic treatment may be provided by permanent magnets, electromagnetic devices generating a static magnetic field or time-varying magnetic devices. In the preferred application the treatment by a pulsed magnetic field and radiofrequency treatment may be combined. However the application is not limited by the recited combination so the combined method may include magnetic treatment and any treatment by electromagnetic field, e.g. light treatment, IR treatment or treatment by radiofrequency waves, e.g. microwaves, short waves or long waves. The magnetic treatment may also be provided with thermal treatment, e.g. heating and/or cooling.
A device described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/278,756 incorporated herein by reference may be used for application of the present methods. The device may exclude the balun transformer, or the balun transformer may be included in transmatch. The possible methods of treatment by combined methods are described below.
Magnetic treatment in combination with radiofrequency treatment may be applied by two independent treatment devices, e.g. one device for treating the biological structure by radiofrequency waves and second device for treating the biological structure by magnetic field. Both devices may have a separate applicator for treating the biological structure, or one applicator may be used by at least two devices, i.e. the applicator may be modular for a plurality of devices.
The device may include at least one HF frequency generator for providing energy for radiofrequency treatment and for providing energy for magnetic treatment. In an alternative embodiment, the device may include at least one HF frequency generator for providing energy for radiofrequency treatment and at least one other independent frequency generator for providing energy for magnetic treatment. The device may include plurality of applicators for providing separate radiofrequency or magnetic treatments to the patient.
In alternative embodiment the applicator may provide a combination of radiofrequency and magnetic treatment. In one embodiment, the applicator may include at least one radiofrequency electrode for providing radiofrequency treatment and at least one magnetic field generating device, e.g. a coil, for providing magnetic treatment. In another embodiment, the applicator may include at least one electrode for providing radiofrequency treatment and at least one magnetic field generating device providing magnetic treatment, wherein the at least one RF source provides energy for both at least one electrode and at least one magnetic field generating device.
In still another embodiment the at least one RF source may provide the energy for the at least one magnetic field generating device providing magnetic treatment wherein the at least one magnetic field generating device may be used as the at least one electrode. The essence is the far different stimulation frequencies which are used for RF treatment and magnetic treatment. The magnetic field generating device in the high frequency field is similar to the electrode. This enables the magnetic field generating device to be the electrode for radiofrequency treatment. In the preferred embodiment a flat coil may be used as the electrode.
The frequencies for the radiofrequency treatment may be in the range of ones of MHz to hundreds of GHz, more preferably in the range of 13 MHz to 3 GHz, most preferably around 13.56 or 40.68 or 27.12 MHz or 2.45 GHz. The term “around” should be interpreted as in the range of 5% of the recited value. The impulse frequencies for the magnetic treatment may be in the range of hundreds of Hz to hundreds of kHz, more preferably in the range of ones of kHz to tens of kHz, most preferably up to 10 kHz. However the repetition rate of the magnetic impulses may reach up to 700 Hz, more preferably up to 500 Hz, most preferably in the range of 1 to 300 Hz, e.g. at least 1, 5, 20, 30, 50, 100, 140 or 180 Hz. The magnetic flux density of the magnetic treatment may be at least 0.1, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.4 or up to 7 Tesla on the coil surface (equivalent to 70000 Gauss). The treatment/successive treatments may last several seconds, e.g. at least 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 or 240 seconds, or longer, e.g. at least 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes. The impulse duration may be in the range of 3 μs to 10 ms or more, or alternatively 3 μs to 3 ms or alternatively 3 μs to 1 ms. The impulse duration may be e.g. 3, 10, 50, 200, 300, 400, 500,625, 1000, 2000 or 3000 μs. The duty cycle of the stimulation may be at least 1:50, more preferably at least 1:40, even more preferably at least 1:20, most preferably at least 1:8 or up to 1:4. The magnetic stimulation device may emit no radiation.
A derivative of the magnetic flux density is defined by Equation 4.
where: dB is magnetic flux density derivative [T]; dt is time derivative [s].
The maximal value of the magnetic flux density derivative may be up to 5 MT/s, preferably in the ranges of 0.3 to 800 kT/s, 0.5 to 400 kT/s, 1 to 300 kT/s, 1.5 to 250 kT/s, 2 to 200 kT/s, 2.5 to 150 kT/s. In exemplary applications the maximal value of the magnetic flux density derivative may be at least 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 3.2, 5, 8, 10, 17, 30 or 60 kT/s. The value of magnetic flux density derivative may correspond to induced current within the tissue.
The magnetic flux density derivative may be determined within the entire period of the magnetic signal and/or in any segment of the magnetic signal.
Alternatively the treatment device may include no deep muscle diathermy device for heating the target biological structure. The treatment preferably may include no electrode which may enable heating the biological structure in contact mode.
Cellulite is an effect of skin change resulting in orange peel appearance. The cause of the cellulite is orientation of collagen fibers in so called “fibrous” septae. The fibrous septae contract and harden over time creating a dimple effect. Additionally, blood and lymphatic vessels lack circulation due to the contraction and hardening of the septae. The lymph flow may be blocked resulting in swelling. Another cause of cellulite may be adipose cells protruding to dermis. Cellulite may be treated by the recited methods.
One application of time-varying magnetic field for enhancing the visual appearance of body region may be treatment of a muscle by magnetic flux density for reducing the cellulite. The magnetic flux density may be delivered through the skin to the neuromuscular plate and/or nerve innervating at least one muscle fiber. The electric current may be induced in the target biological structure causing at least partial muscle contraction. The at least partial muscle contraction may cause the movement of the skin and all the biological structures subtending epidermis. Additionally, the at least partial muscle contraction may improve blood circulation by itself, or via the movement of the muscle in the vicinity including fibrous septae. Additionally, blood and/or lymph circulation may be improved in the layers subtending epidermis since the muscle contraction may move the fibrous septae. Also local and/or adipose tissue metabolism may be improved.
The lymph flow may be improved by at least partial muscle contraction which may provide effect similar to manual massage. The improved lymph flow may improve local metabolism and/or immune system. The improved lymph flow may contribute to purer lymph due to faster delivery of the lymph to the lymph nodes where the lymph may be cleared.
The present method may provide a massage effect via the treatment which may be caused by the at least partial muscle contraction. Therefore the massage effect may be achieved by contactless methods instead of manual massage techniques or soft tissue techniques. The massage effect may improve lymph circulation.
In another aspect, improvement of functionality and/or the appearance of the muscle may be achieved with results similar to body exercise. The results may be achieved by application of high magnetic flux density to the body region and inducing at least partial muscle contraction. Higher values of magnetic flux density applied may result in a stronger muscle contraction. The patient may feel firmer and tighter.
With the present method muscle contractions induced by the applied magnetic flux density may help to tone the muscle providing a more attractive appearance. As the muscle structure is treated by time-varying magnetic field the entire limb may be moved due to the high power of the magnetic treatment. Nevertheless, the method is not limited to the applications to the limbs and the method is able to treat any muscle, e.g. gluteus maximus or any muscle/deep muscle to induce body contouring and/or body shaping effect and fat burn. Additionally, shortened and/or flabby muscles may be stretched. The physical fitness of the patient may be improved as well.
The magnetic field may treat various body regions, e.g. thighs, buttocks, hips, abdomen or arms. The muscles may be shaped to enhance visual appearance of the treated body region. The body part may obtain enhanced visual appearance of its contour.
The magnetic field may treat at least one muscle of lower limb, particularly the parts which are prone to cellulite such as thighs or saddlebags. The time-varying magnetic field may induce at least partial muscle contraction in different muscle and/or muscle group. Following the position and/or orientation of the magnetic field generating device the anterior, posterior and/or medial compartment of the thigh may be treated. The anterior compartment includes sartorius muscle, rectus femoris muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, vastus intermedius muscle, vastus medialis muscle. Posterior compartment includes biceps femoris muscle, semitendinosus muscle and semimembranosus muscle. Medial compartment includes pectineus muscle, external obturator muscle, gracilis muscle, adductor longus muscle, adductor brevis muscle and adductor magnus muscle.
The treatment may cause circumferential reduction of thighs. Further the muscle may obtain enhanced visual appearance, thigh may be well-shaped. Thigh contour may be enhanced as well.
The at least one surrounding body region may be treated as well, e.g. buttocks.
The applicator may be placed within proximity of the patient's treated area. The applicator may be fixed to the patient. Alternatively the correct position may be provided by a mechanical arm and/or adjustable applicator. The applicator may be made of adhesive and/or high friction material at least on contact surface with the patient.
The magnetic field may be generated with a low repetition rate such as 1 Hz for a predetermined period of time, e.g. 30 seconds, sufficient for setting the applicator to a correct position where the treatment is most effective. During the period the magnetic flux density may be adjusted following the patient's needs to induce muscle contraction sufficiently strong and comfortable for the patient.
The treatment may start a treatment protocol. The treatment protocol may include a set of predetermined treatment sequences of predetermined repetition rates applied for predetermined time periods. The sequences may be repeated and/or adjusted following the patient's need. The sequence may include a repetition rate in the range of 1 to 100 Hz, preferably in the range of 2 to 90 Hz, more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 Hz, most preferably in the range of 10 to 45 Hz. The sequences may last at least 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 or up to 300 seconds.
Alternatively the treatment may include the only the treatment protocol without applying the magnetic field of low repetition rate. The correct position of the applicator and/or adjusting the magnetic flux density may be adjusted during the first sequence of the treatment protocol.
In one application, the treatment may induce the same effect as muscle exercising of buttocks. During the treatment of buttocks the magnetic field may be targeted to treat of muscles shaping the buttocks, e.g. tensor fasciae latae muscle or at least one of gluteal muscles: maximus, medius or minimus. In one preferred application all three gluteal muscles may be treated. Further other muscles may be treated, e.g. abdominal muscles, spinal muscles and/or thoracic muscles. By the complex treatment and muscle contraction in the body region the treated muscles may be strengthened, toned, the cellulite may be reduced and dimples may be removed. Buttocks and even the patient's figure may be enhanced in visual shape appearance and may become more attractive. Buttocks become well-shaped, round, firm, well-trained, toned, smoother, tight and lifted. The complex treatment may reduce hips, make perfect round and lifted buttocks, increasing the self-confidence of the patient
The treatment may be more efficient than standard workout in fitness since the fitness machines strengthen only the isolated muscles. The results may be achieved in very short-time periods with minimal time of treatment. Without being limited, it is believed that the exercising of the gluteus medius may reduce the volume of the buttocks; exercising of the gluteus maximus may shape and/or lift the buttocks; exercising of the gluteus minimus may lift the buttocks.
In the preferred application the magnetic treatment may be combined with other treatment methods using different approaches, e.g. conventional non-invasive treatments. The combined treatment may be applied to the surroundings tissues around buttocks to reduce the cellulite around the buttocks and enhance the shape of the enhanced appearance of the buttocks. The surrounding tissues may be represented by e.g. abdomen, love handles, thighs or saddle bags.
The magnetic field may treat at least one muscle responsible for silhouette of the body. The time-varying magnetic field may induce at least partial muscle contraction in different muscle and/or muscle group responsible for silhouette in the region of abdomen, love handles and/or bra fat. Following the position and/or orientation of the magnetic field generating device rectus abdominis muscle may be treated. Alternatively latissimus dorsi muscle, abdominal internal oblique muscle, abdominal external oblique muscle, transverse abdominal muscle and/or pyramidalis muscle may be treated by the time-varying magnetic field.
The treatment may cause circumferential reduction in the region of belly, hips and/or love handles. Alternatively the treatment may tighten at least one of these body parts. Further the muscles may obtain enhanced visual appearance, belly may be well-shaped. Repetitive application may even reach in a six-pack look. The at least one surrounding body region may be treated as well, e.g. buttocks.
The magnetic field may treat at least one muscle of upper limb, particularly the parts which may be prone to cellulite such as arm. The time-varying magnetic field may induce at least partial muscle contraction. Following the position and/or orientation of the magnetic field generating device the at least partial muscle contraction may occur in biceps brachii muscle, brachialis muscle, coracobrachialis muscle and/or triceps brachii muscle.
The treatment may cause circumferential reduction of the arm. Further the muscle may obtain enhanced visual appearance, arm may be well-shaped. Arm contour may be enhanced as well.
The at least partial muscle contraction may be more efficient for adipose tissue metabolism as the value of magnetic flux density increases since the muscle contraction may be stronger. The higher magnetic flux density may treat the higher number of muscle fibers contraction and the more adipose tissue may be reduced. Therefore the visual appearance of regions prone to cellulite may be enhanced.
Treatment by time-varying magnetic field may induce lipolysis. Adipose tissue may be reduced by decreasing the number and/or volume of adipose cells. Promoted adipose cell metabolism may increase as the value of magnetic flux density increases. The treatment may release free fatty acids (FFA) from at least one adipose cell. The increased concentration of FFA may influence a homeostasis of the adipose cell. A disruption of the homeostasis may cause a dysfunction of the adipose cell. The dysfunction may be followed by stress for endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress). ER stress may cause additional lipolysis and/or apoptosis of the at least one adipose cell.
Furthermore, ER stress may cause increase of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) which may promote an apoptotic process and may continue into controlled cell death of the adipose cell. The apoptosis may be induced by Ca-dependent effectors, e.g. calpain or caspase-12. Endogenous ligands or pharmacological agents, such as vitamin D, may induce prolonged cytosolic calcium increase. Vitamin D may influence release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum. Hence the effect of treatment may be enhanced by application of vitamin D and/or Ca2+ prior, during and/or after the treatment. The most significant effect may be achieved by application of both, Ca2+ and vitamin D, prior the treatment to provide all factors influencing adipose cell apoptosis.
Alternatively, increased level of Ca2+ may induce autophagy within adipose cell as well. Autophagy is self-eating process of cellular organelles to produce energy and it may proceed into cell death. Autophagy may be induced by ER stress or it may be induced via Ca2+ signaling.
The effect of the treatment by magnetic field for adipose tissue reduction may be influenced by various biological processes and/or pathways as recited above. The processes and/or pathways may be synergic hence the adipose tissue reduction may be accelerated and/or more efficient.
The method may cause the circumferential reduction i.e. a reduction of the size of the treated body region. The method may be mostly indicated for the regions with cellulite, particularly for thighs, buttocks, saddlebags, love handles, abdomen, hips and/or arms. However, the indication is not limited to the mentioned regions and the method may be used for treatment of any other body region.
Furthermore, the method may change BMI index of the patient. In a preferred application the BMI of the patient may be reduced. Alternatively, the BMI of the patient may increase.
Heating/Cooling
The magnetic field may be combined with application of heat and/or cold. The body region may be heated/cooled. The target biological structures may be selectively treated due to different tolerance of various biological structures to heating/cooling. Applying of heat/cold may improve metabolism of the biological structure, alternatively a reduction of the biological structure may occur.
Various biological structures have a different tolerance to heating/cooling. Hence target biological structures may be remodeled, e.g. adipose cells may be selectively reduced. The cells different from adipose cells such as epidermal cells, are not reduced by the heating/cooling. The selective reduction of adipose cell may be caused by e.g. crystallization within adipose cells. The heating/cooling of the adipose cell may reduce the number and/or volume of adipose cells by lipolysis, apoptosis and/or necrosis.
Cooling
Although the following exemplary treatment describes applying cold to the patient, the treatment method is not limited to the exemplary application. The method may include heating the patient instead of cooling the patient.
The cooling may be provided in a contact, indirect contact and/or non-contact manner. Contact cooling may be provided by a cooling element placed to the proximity of the treated body region, e.g. a thermally conductive material such as metal, gel or ice may be used. Indirect contact may be provided by a flow of cooling media within a layer of flexible and/or rigid material, e.g. cooling media such as glycerol, saline or water solution may be used. The cooling element may include a plurality of passages which the cooling media may flow in. Non-contact cooling may be provided by radiant cooling. Alternatively cooling media may be applied directly on the body region. The cooling media used for non-contact heating/cooling may be preferably a fluid, e.g. a gas or liquid. The gas may be applied in form of a spray, e.g. cold air, CO2 or N2 may be used. The cooling media may be at a predetermined temperature which may be controlled by the device to induce selective treatment of the target biological structure.
In an exemplary application the adipose cells may be selectively treated by cooling. A cooling media may be applied to the body region. A reduction of adipose cell may be induced by cooling the adipose cell. The cells different from adipose cells are not reduced by the cooling.
Temperature Ranges
The temperature of the cooling media and/or element may be less than the temperature of the patient's body. The temperature of cooling media may be at least −196° C. The temperature of the cooling element may be preferably in the range of 40 to −40° C., more preferably in the range of 20 to −20° C., even more preferably in the range of 10 to −15° C. or in the range of 5 to −10° C. A temperature of the adipose cells may be above a freezing point of water to prevent a reduction of cells including water. The temperature of the adipose cells may be preferably in the range of 37 to −10° C., more preferably in the range of 20 to −4° C., even more preferably in the range of 15 to −2° C. or around 4° C. The temperature of epidermis may be at least −40, −20, −10, 15, 20, 35° C., more preferably the temperature of epidermis may be in the range of around 5 to −5° C. The term around may be interpreted to mean in the range of 10% of the particular value.
Alternatively the body may be heated by application of various treatment methods, e.g. radiofrequency, diathermy or optical waves. The temperature in the target tissue may be up to 80° C., more preferably in the range of 37 to 60° C., even more preferably in the range of 39 to 50° C., most preferably in the range of 42 to 47° C. The temperature may be adjusted based on the intended use, e.g. adipose tissue reduction or collagen production.
The temperature of adipose cells may vary during the treatment. The temperature of the adipose cells may oscillate around a predetermined temperature. The temperature of the adipose cells may also follow a temperature profile in a predefined temperature range. The temperature and/or the temperature range may be adjusted following the patient's needs.
Cycles
Alternatively the adipose cells may be heated prior, during and/or after cooling. The term “heat prior” refers to preheating the adipose cells before cooling treatment. The term “heat during” refers to cyclically changing periods of cooling and heating the adipose cells during the treatment. The treatment may also include passive periods between heating and/or cooling. The term “passive period” refers to applying neither heating nor cooling. The term “heat after” refers to applying heat after the cooling treatment. The periods of heating/cooling and/or passive periods may be adjusted following by the patient's need.
Treatment Duration
The cooling may be applied for at least 10 seconds. Time duration of cooling the body region may be in the range of 1 to 240 minutes, more preferably in the range of 5 to 120 minutes, even more preferably 10 to 60 minutes, most preferably up to 30 minutes.
The cooling element and/or media may be applied continuously and/or in pulses. Continuous application may be used for a cooling element and/or media at a temperature above 0° C. Pulsed mode may be used for application of fluids below 0° C. The cooling may be provided cyclically for short periods in order of milliseconds, e.g. N2 may be applied cyclically to prevent damage to epidermis/dermis. The cooling element and/or media may be applied preferably non-invasively, e.g. by topical application. Alternatively the cooling element and/or media may be applied subcutaneously, e.g. injected.
Adjustable Applicator
The cooling element may correspond with the body region. The cooling element may be adjustable in shape to fit the body region. The cooling element may be made of flexible material to be modified in shape to follow the shape and/or contour of the body region. A fitting of the cooling element may provide homogenous treatment and/or temperature distribution. Further the heat exchange may be optimized at the contacted surface.
Pressure
A treatment may induce a thermal gradient in the body region, i.e. the shallow layer of the skin such as epidermis and/or dermis may have a lower temperature than the deeper layer such as adipose tissue. The effect of cooling may be improved by limiting and/or eliminating dermal blood flow. The dermal blood flow may be limited by applying vasoconstrictive medicine, preferably topically administered.
Positive
The dermal blood flow may also be limited and/or eliminated by applying a pressure. The pressure greater than systolic blood pressure may be used for pushing the blood out of the dermal and/or subcutaneous veins. The deeper adipose cells may be cooled and/or the cooling of the adipose cells to the temperature sufficient to reducing the adipose cells may be reached in shorter time period. Furthermore appropriate contact of the cooling element may be provided by the pressure in case of contact treatment.
Negative
The treatment effect may also be enhanced by applying negative pressure to the skin below the applicator, e.g. a convex cooling element may be used. The skin may be pulled towards the inner surface of the cooling element. Hence the contact may be enabled by applying negative pressure. Alternatively, the folded tissue may be pinched by two or more cooling elements and the cooling may be applied to the tissue, particularly to adipose cells. Further the skin may be stretched and a thickness of the skin may decrease. Skin thickness decrease may promote improved heat transfer to/from adipose cells.
Miscellaneous
The cooling may be applied with application mechanical treatment such as acoustic, ultrasound, and/or shockwave treatment to enable more homogenous treatment effect. The adipose cells reduction may also be promoted by physical movement of the body region by e.g. massaging, or vibrations. The pressure applied to the body region may vary to improve the results.
Protocols
An apoptotic index may increase after cooling the body region. The apoptotic index refers to a percentage of apoptotic cells in specimen. The apoptotic index may increase due to cooling up to ten times greater value compared with the value prior the cooling.
Based on the apoptotic index a treatment combining various methods may be designed as a tailor-made solution following the patient's need. The cooling may be applied to the body region of the patient prior, during and/or after applying a magnetic field to the patient.
Pain Relief
A pain relieving medicament may be provided during the treatment if the patient is more sensitive to decreased temperature. A topical application may be preferred. The pain relief effect may be provided by a magnetic field of repetition rate at least 100 Hz, more preferably 120 Hz, even more preferably at least 140 Hz or at least 180 Hz. The pain relieving effect may be provided before, during or after the treatment.
Precooling
Cooling the body region prior to applying the magnetic field may influence a metabolism of adipose cells. Alternatively, the cooling of the adipose cells may induce apoptosis, lipolysis, autophagy and/or disruption of the adipose cells. A release of FFA from adipose cells may induce ER stress as recited above. The application of the magnetic field may cause at least partial muscle contraction reducing the adipose cells. Furthermore the released FFA from adipose cells influenced by cooling may be used as energy source for muscle work. Hence the cooling may be followed by treating a patient by magnetic field inducing at least partial muscle contraction. Due to the combined effect of cooling and magnetic treatment the adipose cells may be reduced in number and/or volume. Moreover the muscles may be shaped, tightened, strengthened and/or the volume of the muscle may increase. Additionally, the cellulite appearance may be reduced due to muscle work.
The magnetic treatment may provide a massage effect. Hence blood and/or lymph flow may be improved. Additionally frozen tissue may be relaxed.
The combined magnetic treatment may be applied immediately after cooling, more preferably around 1 to 24 hours after cooling, e.g. 1, 2, 8 or 20 hours after cooling. The combined treatment may be applied periodically. Alternatively, the treatment by cooling and/or magnetic field may be applied separately, e.g. treatments may alternate in appropriate periods. The period may last from 12 hours to 1 month, more preferably from 1 day to 2 weeks, most preferably from 3 days to 1 week.
In an exemplary application of the treatment method a patient's body region may be cooled by a cooling element for e.g. at least 20 minutes up to 1 hour. After stopping the cooling the body region may be treated by magnetic field for e.g. 15 to 45 minutes.
Cooling
Cooling the body region may be applied simultaneously while the body region is treated by magnetic field within one treatment.
The magnetic cooling may be provided to the patient while the patient is being treated by magnetic field.
Alternatively, cooling may alternate with treatment by magnetic field, i.e. the magnetic field is applied when cooling is not provided to the patient or vice versa. Periods of alternating cooling and magnetic treatment may vary.
The magnetic field may be preferably applied in burst mode. Each burst contains train of magnetic impulses and a period of no magnetic treatment. The train may include a plurality of magnetic impulses. A number of magnetic impulses may vary in the range of at least 1 to 10000 impulses, more preferably in the range of at least 10 to 1000 impulses. The time duration of the train and/or the period of no magnetic treatment may vary in order of milliseconds to order of seconds, e.g. in the range of 100 milliseconds to 100 seconds, more preferably in the range of 1 to 30 seconds, most preferably in the range of 5 to 15 seconds.
In one exemplary application the body region may be cooled for a period of e.g. at least 5 minutes. After stopping the cooling the body region may be treated by a magnetic field for a period of e.g. at least 5 minutes. After stopping the magnetic treatment the body region may be cooled.
Post Cooling
The cooling may also be applied after magnetic treatment. The treatment by magnetic field may provide stimulation, pain relief and/or a myorelaxation effect for the treated body area before cooling. The cooling applied with pressure may be better accepted by the adipose tissue when the muscle below the adipose cells is relaxed. Alternatively the magnetic treatment may provide a temporary pain relief effect hence a patient suffering from a lower pain threshold, e.g. cool sensitivity, may be treated.
In an exemplary application the body region may be treated by a magnetic field for a period of e.g. at least 15, 20 or 30 minutes. After stopping the magnetic treatment the body region may be cooled.
The cooling may be applied immediately after magnetic treatment, more preferably around 1 to 24 hours after magnetic treatment, e.g. 1, 2, 8 or 20 hours after magnetic treatment. The combined treatment may be applied periodically.
In an exemplary application of the treatment method a patient's body region may be treated by magnetic field for e.g. at least 20 minutes up to 1 hour. After stopping the magnetic treatment the body region may be treated by cooling for e.g. 15 to 45 minutes.
In the previously described exemplary treatment methods the cooling of the patient may be replaced by heating the patient.
All the recited combined treatment methods may be provided by at least one applicator. The applicator may provide cooling and magnetic treatment. Alternatively one applicator may provide cooling and second applicator may provide magnetic treatment.
The target structure may be treated by combined methods which may be used for remodeling the adipose tissue, body shaping and/or contouring, muscle toning, skin tightening, skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removing, reducing stretchmarks, breast lifting, lip enhancement or treatment of cellulite in general by application of electromagnetic radiation to target structure to selectively heat the target tissue to remove and/or remodel adipose tissue from the target tissue. The second approach is to transmit a magnetic treatment to the target structure, inducing at least partial muscle contraction within the target structure to remodel the adipose tissue by natural adipose tissue catabolism. Adipose tissue catabolism may be caused by apoptosis or necrosis of the adipocytes. The muscle contraction caused by induced eddy current is the same as a natural contraction. The adipose tissue may be reduced in natural way. Additionally, the muscle may be shredded in a natural way. Therefore the effect resulting in body shaping and/or contouring may be significantly improved.
The combination of the recited method may improve currently used applications in various aspects and the effect of the treatments may be significantly enhanced. The application of a radiofrequency electromagnetic field may be combined with application of a magnetic field applied before, simultaneously or after the radiofrequency treatment. The application of a magnetic field may induce many benefits for radiofrequency treatment, such as applications inducing at least partial muscle contraction, myorelaxation effect or analgesic effect. The perfusion or metabolism may be improved as well.
The at least partial muscle contraction may induce enhanced effects on adipose tissue reduction by catabolism of the adipose tissue and burning energy from adipose tissue. The total adipose tissue reduction effect may be enhanced by radiofrequency treatment.
Additionally, the at least partial muscle contraction may improve a blood flow and/or perfusion in the treated body region. The improved blood flow may be caused by activation of muscle pump and/or by the muscle necessity of more oxygen due to the at least partial contraction. The blood flow may increase rapidly and it may last temporarily, preferably up to 1 hour, more preferably up to 45 minutes, most preferably up to 30 minutes. Due to increased blood flow and/or local perfusion, the risk of overheated muscle may be limited or even eliminated. Further the homogeneity of the thermal field induced by thermal effect of radiofrequency treatment may be significantly enhanced and/or the temperatures may be well-balanced/compensated in the target body region. Still another benefit may be prevention of creation any hot spot caused by steep thermal gradient.
Due to improved blood flow, perfusion and/or lymph flow the metabolism may be improved. Additionally, the effect of radiofrequency treatment may be enhanced by improved metabolism, e.g. cellulite treatment, body shaping and/or contouring, skin tightening or skin rejuvenation. Further benefit may be reducing or eliminating the risk of panniculitis or local skin inflammation since any clustering of the treated adipocytes may be prevented by the improved metabolism. The improved blood and/or lymph flow may contribute the removing of the adipocytes. The removing of the adipocytes may be promoted by higher number of cells phagocytosing the adipocytes as well. Synergic effects of magnetic and RF treatment may significantly improve metabolism. Therefore the possibility of adverse event occurrence may be limited and treatment results induced by the present invention may be reached in shorter time period.
Further the at least partial muscle contraction may improve the movement of lymphatic vessel and the lymph flow may be improved.
In the preferred application the RF and/or magnetic field may be modulated. In the most preferred application both treatments are modulated. The magnetic treatment may be modulated in the magnetic flux density domain, repetition rate domain, or impulse duration domain, to provide different treatment effects and to prevent adaptation of the target biological structure. The radiofrequency treatment may be modulated in the frequency domain, intensity domain and/or time domain to reach the most complexity and/or efficiency of the target treated biological structure. The modulation in the time domain may be changing the active and passive periods of stimulation, e.g. the radiofrequency treatment may include period with no stimulation, i.e. the radiofrequency treatment may be not continual but the treatment may be provided in pulses. The periods of no stimulation may vary and may be adjusted by the operator. Due to modulation during the treatment, different target biological structures may be treated in the different depth.
The application may be contact or in the preferred application the treatment may be applied contactless. Contactless application may avoid all biocompatibility factors which may occur during contact treatment. In the most preferred application the treatment may be provided by self-operated device. Hence the applicator and/or magnetic field generating device need not be guided by the operator. The applicator may be fixed at a sufficient distance from the patient's skin enabling safe treatment for the patient. Self-operated treatment may be provided by a hand-held applicator or the applicator may be fixed to stand-alone device. The self-operated treatment may be also enabled using various types of sensors in communication with the device for monitoring the treatment and/or the patient. The at least one sensor may be e.g. reactive sensor, electrochemical sensor, biosensor, biochemical sensor, temperature sensor, sorption sensor, pH sensor, voltage sensor, sensor for measuring distance of applicator from the patient surface and/or from the treated area, position sensor, motion detector, photo sensor, camera, sound detector, current sensor, sensor for measuring of specific human/animal tissue and/or any suitable sensors measuring biological parameters and/or combination thereof such as sensor for measuring dermal tensile forces, sensor for measuring the activity of the muscle, muscle contraction forces, tissue impedance or skin elasticity.
Further the homogeneity of the treatment may be improved by several approaches. A first approach may be represented by a moveable applicator providing the dynamic treatment to a large target area. The dynamic treatment may improve the homogeneity of applied treatment energy and additionally due to large area the effect is uniform and/or well balanced. Static positioning of the applicator may be used as well. Another approach of improving homogeneity may be represented by using a bolus. The bolus may provide improved transmittance of the electromagnetic energy to the treated biological structures. Additionally, the bolus may prevent occurrence of hot spots within the treated area; the bolus may provide constant temperature to the target treated surface area; or the bolus may increase the homogeneity of the radiofrequency waves application by providing a homogenous medium for electromagnetic waves propagation not being influenced by the interface of the target treated area and an air. The bolus may profile the electromagnetic field to enhance the effect of the treatment. In still another approach an air gap may be between the applicator and the patient.
The treatment by magnetic and/or electromagnetic field may be in continuous or discrete mode. In one application the magnetic treatment may be applied in continual mode with no pauses and the electromagnetic treatment may be applied in pulsed mode to provide improved adipose tissue reduction caused by natural process and by the increased temperature. In another application the electromagnetic treatment may be applied continuously with no pauses and the magnetic treatment may be applied in pulsed mode to provide improved thermal reduction of adipose tissue and by improved metabolism due to improved blood flow. Both modes may be combined in various treatment sequences.
In the preferred application the treatment may be started at the moment when the target biological structure reaches the predetermined temperature. The temperature in the target tissue may be up to 80° C., more preferably in the range of 37 to 60° C., even more preferably in the range of 40 to 45° C. The temperature may be adjusted based on the intended use, e.g. adipose tissue reduction, collagen production or muscle contraction. In an alternative application the intended use may be coagulation and/or ablation. The temperature in the target biological structure may be measured by invasive method, e.g. using an invasive probe; or by contact method, e.g. using thermocouple sensor; or by contactless method, e.g. using infrared sensor or camera. The temperature of the target biological structure may be determined by a mathematic method. The sensor for measuring the temperature in the target biological structure may be attached to the applicator.
A benefit of the application of magnetic treatment and electromagnetic treatment may be causing an analgesic effect of the application and providing a possibility of treating a patient with higher sensitivity for thermal effects induced by electromagnetic treatment, i.e. patients with any predisposition inducing increased thermal sensitivity. The analgesic effect may be induced by magnetic treatment by suitable repetition rates and it may be induced immediately during the magnetic treatment. The analgesic effect may last up to several hours after magnetic treatment. The magnetic flux density of the magnetic treatment may preferably reach at least motor-threshold intensity inducing at least partial muscle contraction therefore the homogeneity of the thermal field may be significantly enhanced.
Another benefit of application the magnetic treatment may be causing a myorelaxation effect. The magnetic treatment may be applied on spastic muscle structures to relieve the hypertonus of the muscle and improving the blood and/or lymph flow. Therefore relieving the hypertoned muscle may contribute to the analgesic effect and contribute to the acceptability of the treatment by the patient.
The blood and/or lymph flow may be limited in the spastic muscles and the metabolism may be limited as well, meaning that the risk of clustering the treated target structures may be higher and possible adverse events may occur. The recited risks may be eliminated by the used of magnetic treatment.
In one aspect of the invention, the treatment by magnetic field may be applied to the target structure before the radiofrequency treatment to prepare the target structure for following treatment by radiofrequency field. The effect of magnetic treatment may be to induce at least partial muscle contraction or to treat a muscle structure to increase a muscular tonus of the target structure. Both effects may provide a massage effect for the structure within the proximity of the target structure hence the blood and/or lymph circulation may be improved to promote local metabolism. The temperature may be locally increased by the improved blood flow and the target structure may accept the following radiofrequency treatment at significantly higher quality. Additionally, the collagen and/or elastin fibers may be remodeled or restored and/or its neogenesis may be improved to provide a younger, smoother, firmer and enhanced skin appearance.
Additionally, previous application may improve acceptability of the electromagnetic field by increasing the temperature of the skin and the transmittance of the electromagnetic field may be improved due to less value of skin impedance. Further the radiofrequency may penetrate deeper target structures relative to treatment without a preceding magnetic treatment of the target structure and/or area.
Another benefit may be releasing the adipose tissue in the muscle by muscle contraction and/or by temperature increase causing better liquidity of adipose tissue. Still another benefit of the at least partial muscle contraction may be mechanical breaking large adipose tissue bulks into smaller bulks which may be easier metabolized and/or the smaller adipose tissue bulks may be removed faster by the lymphatic and/or blood flow. Due to improved metabolism and/or circulation the cellulite may be treated in a short time and the visual effect on skin appearance may be significantly enhanced.
In another aspect of the invention, the treatment by magnetic field may be applied to the target structure simultaneously with the radiofrequency treatment to improve effects of the electromagnetic treatment inducing heat in the target structure.
The simultaneous application of magnetic treatment and radiofrequency treatment may be in two modes: a first mode may generate the magnetic impulses while radiofrequency treatment is active or another mode may generate radiofrequency treatment while the magnetic treatment is not in an active stimulation period, i.e. the period of magnetic treatment and radiofrequency treatment alternates. Both modes amplify the resulting effect of the treatment. Therefore the results may be achieved in significantly shorter time than the same results achieved by separate applications of the radio frequency and magnetic treatments.
The simultaneous method of magnetic treatment and radiofrequency treatment of the target tissue may increase the peak magnetic component of the entire treatment resulting in improved heating of the target structure including containing higher water volume, e.g. skin. Due to increased temperature of skin, the production and/or remodeling of collagen and/or elastin fibers may be improved and the skin may be provided with a younger, smoother, firmer and enhanced appearance. The effect of overheating the muscle may be reduced by the improved blood flow.
In still another aspect of the invention, the treatment by magnetic field may be applied to the target structure after the treatment by electromagnetic field to enhance and/or contribute to the effects of radiofrequency treatment by influencing the target structure by magnetic field.
The magnetic field may treat the target structure to cause at least partial muscle contraction proximate to the target structure to improve blood flow and provide homogenous temperature distribution at high quality after creating a temperature distribution at lower quality by radiofrequency treatment.
All of the methods may be provided by the above recited technical solutions. The above mentioned methods may be used separately or in any combination.
The method may cause the circumferential reduction i.e. a reduction of the size of the treated body region. The method may be mostly indicated for the regions with cellulite, especially for buttocks, saddlebags, love handles, abdomen, hips, thighs or arms. However, the indication is not limited to the mentioned regions and the method may be used for treatment of any other body region.
The at least one applicator may include at least one magnetic field generating device. The plurality of magnetic field generating devices may be positioned in isolated locations of the at least one applicator. Alternatively, the magnetic field generating devices may be positioned next to each other, in an array or matrix, in a pattern or in randomized locations of the at least applicator.
The magnetic field generating devices may be positioned and/or moved in the at least one applicator in one plane; in at least two mutually tilted planes defined by a convex or concave angle, or perpendicular to each other; or in at least two parallel planes with the at least one magnetic field generating device in each parallel plane. The movement of the at least one magnetic field generating device may be translational and/or rotational, constant or accelerated. The movement may follow a predetermined, random or predefined trajectory, such as a pattern, array or matrix. The movement of the at least one applicator may be handled in similar manner as the movement of the at least one magnetic field generating device. The angles of the planes and/or the movement of the at least one magnetic field generating device may be adjusted by an operator following the patient's needs. The positioning may be provided by mechanical holder, enabling tilting, distancing and positioning magnetic field generating device in various planes. In an alternative embodiment the patient may be positioned in the intersection of the magnetic fields generated by the plurality of magnetic field generating devices. In the preferred application the at least one applicator may be movable and the movement may be circular.
The plurality of magnetic field generating devices may be positioned within one applicator having form of mechanical holder. The shape of the applicator having form of mechanical holder may be adjustable, e.g. the applicator may include at least one moveable part. In a preferred embodiment the applicator having form of mechanical holder may provide spatial arrangement of the energy delivery elements in one axis, two axes or three axes and/or provide tilting and/or rotation. The applicator having form of mechanical holder may provide fixation of the at least one magnetic field generating device in one position. The moveable parts may be connected by sliding mechanism and/or by a joint mechanism. An exemplary embodiment of such an applicator may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,468,774, incorporated herein by reference. The applicator may be adjustable following the body region and/or biological structure.
The static position of the at least one applicator may be provided by a positioning member. The positioning member may be e.g. an arm or an adjustable flexible belt. The positioning member may include a buckle for adjusting the length of the belt. The applicator may be placed within predefined locations of the belt. Alternatively the applicator may be shaped to be moveable along the positioning member, e.g. the shape of the applicator may be preferably concave, e.g. V-shaped or U-shaped. The positioning member may be inserted itself into the concavity of the applicator. The position of the applicator may be adjusted by limited movement along the positioning member because the positioning member may be used as guiding member. However, the applicator may not be fixed to a particular static position. The position of the applicator may be dynamically adjusted during the treatment following the patient's needs. The position of the applicator may be adjusted manually by the operator, or automatically by the treatment device. In one exemplary embodiment a plurality of applicators may be used for treating larger body regions, e.g. buttocks, abdomen or thigh.
The present methods may also induce muscle contraction to reduce effect of skin laxity. Skin laxity may be caused by e.g. aging process or increasing number and/or volume of adipose cells which pulls down the skin by gravity, rapid weight loss or skin stretching during the pregnancy. The muscles may be treated by the induced electric current to contract. Repetitive contractions may cause the muscles to obtain the tonus and flexibility. Therefore the skin appearance may be enhanced by treating the flabby muscles. The effect of skin tightening may be achieved. The method also may promote the collagen and elastin fibers in the layers subtending the epidermis hence the skin may obtain enhanced visual appearance. The method may be widely applied but not limited to application to the regions of neck, breasts, arms or abdomen. The method may provide the smoother and younger appearance of the skin to the patient.
Similar methods of the muscle structure treatment by time-varying magnetic field for inducing the at least partial muscle contraction may be used for treatment of wrinkles as well. Wrinkles are results of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Nowadays, wrinkles are considered to be negative effect of natural aging process which decreases the production of collagen and elastin fibers and weakens the skin which becomes thinner. As the muscle treatment by the magnetic flux density may induce at least partial muscle contraction, the collagen and elastin fibers neogenesis may be improved. Additionally, the muscles subtending the treated region may be toned and the skin may obtain a younger and enhanced visual appearance. Therefore, the effect of skin tightening may be achieved.
Wrinkles may be prevented or reduced by practicing facial exercises which may cause a massage effect to the facial tissues, improving blood and lymph circulation. Additionally, the facial muscles may be relaxed and toned after the exercise. A similar effect as facial exercise may be achieved by non-invasive and/or contactless method of treating the facial muscles by magnetic flux density. Further additional advantage of the present method may be the improvement of restoration of the collagen and elastin fibers, more effective toning and strengthening of the facial muscles.
The present methods may improve the neogenesis and remodeling of collagen fibers in the lips to reach a full, plump and firmer appearance. The magnetic flux density may be applied to the lips by an applicator. Therefore the lips may become fuller and firmer without any need of invasive method such as injection of the synthetic fillers, permanent makeup or the facial implants. The present method may promote the remodeling and/or neogenesis of collagen fibers in a natural way. Additionally, the collagen is natural substance of the human body which may provide the elasticity to the structure.
The present methods may be used for enhancing the visual appearance of breasts. Cooper's ligament may be treated, improved and/or firmed by the at least partial muscle contraction. The treatment may induce the elevation of the breast tissue. Additionally, the breast tissue may be treated to be modified in a shape, wherein the shape includes the size and/or the contour of the breast tissue. Therefore the visual appearance may be enhanced and breasts may be more attractive for the patient. The present method may be a non-invasive alternative for current aesthetic surgery method for the treatment of sagging breast tissue. The present method may provide a patient a method of breast visual appearance enhancement without surgery. Therefore the method lacks post-surgery complications such as scars, postoperative pain or long recovery period. Various treatment protocols may be used.
Following the recited methods the treatment may be but is not limited to continuous, pulsed, randomized or burst. The impulse may be but not limited to monophasic, polyphasic, biphasic and/or static magnetic field. In the preferred application the magnetic impulse may be in biphasic regime, i.e. it is consisted of two phases, preferably positive and negative.
In the preferred application of the present method the trains of pulses, called bursts are used.
Repetition rate and/or magnetic flux density may vary during the treatment protocol. Further the treatment may include several periods of different repetition rates, therefore the modulation may be in repetition rate domain. The treatment may include several periods of different magnetic flux densities, therefore the modulation may be in magnetic flux density domain. Alternatively the treatment may include different impulse durations, therefor the modulation may be in impulse duration domain. In yet another approach the treatment may be modulated by any combinations thereof.
Various envelopes and/or waveforms, e.g. pulse, sinusoidal, rectangular, square, triangular, saw-tooth, trapezoidal, exponential etc. for the purpose of muscle treatment may also be used, and are not limited to recited shapes.
The values of magnetic flux density and repetition rate are cited in several preferred applications since the perception of the treatment is subjective. Nevertheless, the magnetic flux density and repetition rates are not limited by the recited values. A person skilled in the physical therapy is able to repeat and apply the treatment methods adjusting the magnetic flux density and/or repetition rate following the patient's sensitivity or needs.
The present method is not limited to be used independently. For enhancing the result the method may be used in combination with other conventional non-invasive and/or invasive aesthetic treatment method.
All the recited methods may be applied to a patient in a non-invasive and/or contactless way. Therefore the present methods provide an effective alternative approach of enhancing the visual appearance with no need of invasive treatment or surgery. Further, the visual results are appreciable after several treatments. Additionally, the results include not only the visual appearance enhancement but even the improvement of the muscle structures, hence the patient feels firmer and tighter. The muscle structures become toned with no need of any diet or spending time by exercising in fitness.
The patient may feel firmer and/or tighter. The skin may be also tighter. Additionally, adipose tissue reduction may occur. Furthermore, cellulite may be reduced as well.
Thus, novel systems and methods have been described. Various changes and substitutions may of course be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention, therefore, should not be limited, except by the following claims and their equivalents.
The following U.S. Patent Applications are incorporated herein by reference: 14/873,110; 14/926,365; 14/951,093; 15/073,318; 15/099,274; 15/151,012; 15/178,455; 15/396,073; 15/446,951; 15/404,384 and 15/473,390.
Thus, novel apparatus and methods have been shown and described. Various changes and substitutions may of course be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention, therefore, should not be limited, except by the following claims and their equivalents.
This Application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/827,330, filed Mar. 23, 2020, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/601,719, filed May 22, 2017 now patented as U.S. Pat. No. 10,596,386, which claims priority to each of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/357,679 filed Jul. 1, 2016, 62/440,905 filed Dec. 30, 2016, and 62/440,922 filed Dec. 20, 2016. These applications are incorporated herein by references.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1973387 | Neymann et al. | Sep 1934 | A |
| 2021676 | Wood et al. | Nov 1935 | A |
| 3163161 | Jacques et al. | Dec 1964 | A |
| 3566877 | Smith et al. | Mar 1971 | A |
| 3658051 | MacLean et al. | Apr 1972 | A |
| 3841306 | Hallgren et al. | Oct 1974 | A |
| 3915151 | Kraus | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3946349 | Haldeman, III | Mar 1976 | A |
| 3952751 | Yarger | Apr 1976 | A |
| 3971387 | Mantell | Jul 1976 | A |
| 4068292 | Berry et al. | Jan 1978 | A |
| 4143661 | LaForge et al. | Mar 1979 | A |
| 4197851 | Fellus | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4237898 | Whalley | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4305115 | Armitage | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4315503 | Ryaby et al. | Feb 1982 | A |
| 4392040 | Rand et al. | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4454883 | Fellus | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4456001 | Pescatore | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4550714 | Talish et al. | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4556056 | Fischer et al. | Dec 1985 | A |
| 4665898 | Costa et al. | May 1987 | A |
| 4674482 | Waltonen et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4674505 | Pauli et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4723536 | Rauscher et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4850959 | Findl | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4889526 | Rauscher et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4957480 | Morenings | Sep 1990 | A |
| 4989604 | Fang | Feb 1991 | A |
| 4993413 | McLeod et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5061234 | Chaney | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5067940 | Liboff et al. | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5085626 | Frey | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5143063 | Fellner | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5156587 | Montone | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5181902 | Erickson et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5199951 | Spears | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5334181 | Rubinsky et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5344384 | Ostrow et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5401233 | Erickson et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5415617 | Kraus | May 1995 | A |
| 5419344 | Dewitt | May 1995 | A |
| 5433737 | Aimone | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5433740 | Yamaguchi | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5584863 | Rauch et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5620463 | Drolet | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5660836 | Knowlton | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5674218 | Rubinsky et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5690692 | Fleming | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5691873 | Masaki | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5718662 | Jalinous | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5725471 | Davey et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5755753 | Knowlton | May 1998 | A |
| 5766124 | Polson | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5782743 | Russell | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5807232 | Espinoza et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5857957 | Lin | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5908444 | Azure | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5919219 | Knowlton | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5968527 | Litovitz | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5984854 | Ishikawa et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6017337 | Pira | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6032675 | Rubinsky | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6038485 | Axelgaard | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6047215 | McClure et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6063108 | Salansky et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6067474 | Schulman et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6086525 | Davey et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6094599 | Bingham et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6099459 | Jacobson | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6099523 | Kim et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6117066 | Abrams et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6132361 | Epstein et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6141985 | Cluzeau et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6155966 | Parker | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6161757 | Morris | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6179769 | Ishikawa et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6179770 | Mould | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6179771 | Mueller | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6200259 | March | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6213933 | Lin | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6223750 | Ishikawa et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6246905 | Mogul | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6255815 | Davey | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6261301 | Knesch et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6273862 | Privitera et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6273884 | Altshuler et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6280376 | Holcomb | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6282448 | Katz et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| D447806 | Davey et al. | Sep 2001 | S |
| 6311090 | Knowlton | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6324430 | Zarinetchi et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6324432 | Rigaux et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6334069 | George et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6334074 | Spertell | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6350276 | Knowlton | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6402678 | Fischell et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6413255 | Stern | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6418345 | Tepper et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6424864 | Matsuura | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6425852 | Epstein et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6443883 | Ostrow et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6445955 | Michelson et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6447440 | Markoll | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6453202 | Knowlton | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6461375 | Baudry et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6491620 | Davey | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6500110 | Davey et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6520903 | Yamashiro | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6527694 | Ishikawa et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6527695 | Davey et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6537197 | Ruohonen et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6569078 | Ishikawa et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6605080 | Altshuler et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6635053 | Lalonde et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6658301 | Loeb et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6662054 | Kreindel et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6663556 | Barker | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6663659 | McDaniel | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6701185 | Burnett et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6735481 | Bingham et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6738667 | Deno et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6749624 | Knowlton | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6827681 | Tanner et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6849040 | Ruohonen et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6860852 | Schonenberger et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6871099 | Whitehurst et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6879859 | Boveja | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6889090 | Kreindel | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6920883 | Bessette et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6939287 | Ardizzone et al. | Sep 2005 | B1 |
| 6960202 | Cluzeau et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6990427 | Kirsch et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 7024239 | George et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7030764 | Smith et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7041100 | Kreindel | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7083580 | Bernabei | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7186209 | Jacobson et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7217265 | Hennings et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7276058 | Altshuler et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7309309 | Wang et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7318821 | Lalonde et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7351252 | Altshuler et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7367341 | Anderson et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7369895 | Hurtado | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7372271 | Roozen et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7376460 | Bernabei | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7396326 | Ghiron et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7496401 | Bernabei | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7520849 | Simon | Apr 2009 | B1 |
| 7520875 | Bernabei | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7532926 | Bernabei | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7571003 | Pozzato | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7591776 | Phillips et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7601115 | Riehl | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7608035 | Farone | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7618429 | Mulholland | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7630774 | Karni et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7643883 | Kreindel | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7697998 | Axelgaard | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7699768 | Kishawi et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7740574 | Pilla et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7744523 | Epstein | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7783348 | Gill et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7785358 | Lach | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7854754 | Ting et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7909786 | Bonnefin et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7914469 | Torbati | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7945321 | Bernabei | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7946973 | Peterchev | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7953500 | Bingham et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7998053 | Aho | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8035385 | Tomiha et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| RE43007 | Lalonde et al. | Dec 2011 | E |
| 8088058 | Juliana et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8128549 | Testani et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8133191 | Rosenberg et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8137258 | Dennis et al. | Mar 2012 | B1 |
| 8172835 | Leyh et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8192474 | Levinson | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8204446 | Scheer et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8251986 | Chornenky et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8265763 | Fahey | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8271090 | Hartman et al. | Sep 2012 | B1 |
| 8275442 | Allison | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8285390 | Levinson et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8335566 | Muller et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8337539 | Ting et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8366756 | Tucek et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8376825 | Guinn et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8376925 | Dennis et al. | Feb 2013 | B1 |
| 8454591 | Leyh et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8457751 | Pozzato | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8475354 | Phillips et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8493286 | Agrama | Jul 2013 | B1 |
| 8523927 | Levinson et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8548599 | Zarsky et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8565888 | Buhlmann et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8579953 | Dunbar et al. | Nov 2013 | B1 |
| 8588930 | DiUbaldi et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8593245 | Zeng et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8603073 | Allison | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8646239 | Rulon | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8666492 | Muller et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8676338 | Levinson | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8684901 | Zabara | Apr 2014 | B1 |
| 8700176 | Azar et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8702774 | Baker et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8725270 | Towe | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8771326 | Myeong et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8788060 | Nebrigic et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8795148 | Schneider et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8834547 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8840608 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8864641 | Riehl et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8868177 | Simon et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8906009 | Nebrigic et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8915948 | Altshuler et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8932338 | Lim et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8979727 | Ron et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8985331 | Guenter et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8998791 | Ron Edoute et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9002477 | Burnett | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9008793 | Cosman, Sr. et al. | Apr 2015 | B1 |
| 9028469 | Jones et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9037247 | Simon et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9044595 | Araya et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9061128 | Hall et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9072891 | Rao | Jul 2015 | B1 |
| 9078634 | Gonzales et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9089719 | Simon et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9101524 | Aghion | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9132031 | Levinson et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9149650 | Shanks et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9168096 | Kreindel | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9233257 | Zabara | Jan 2016 | B1 |
| 9254395 | Shambayati | Feb 2016 | B1 |
| 9261574 | Boskamp et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9265690 | Kriksunov et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9308120 | Anderson et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9314368 | Allison et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9326910 | Eckhouse et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9339641 | Rajguru et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9358068 | Schomacker et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9358149 | Anderson et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9375345 | Levinson et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9387339 | Sham et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9398975 | Müller et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9408745 | Levinson et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9414759 | Lang et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9433797 | Pilla et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9439805 | Gonzales et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9446258 | Schwarz | Sep 2016 | B1 |
| 9468774 | Zárský et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9532832 | Ron Edoute et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9545523 | Nanda | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9561357 | Hall et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9586057 | Ladman et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9596920 | Shalev et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9610429 | Harris et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9610459 | Burnett et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9615854 | Matsushita | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9636516 | Schwarz | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9636519 | Ladman et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9649220 | Anderson et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9655770 | Levinson et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9694194 | Ron Edoute et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9737238 | Wright et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9737434 | Allison | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9757584 | Burnett | Sep 2017 | B2 |
| 9782324 | Crunick et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9814897 | Ron Edoute et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9844460 | Weber et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9844461 | Levinson et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9855166 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9861421 | O'Neil et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9861520 | Baker et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9867996 | Zarsky et al. | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 9901743 | Ron Edoute et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9919161 | Schwarz et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9937358 | Schwarz et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9962553 | Schwarz et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9968797 | Sham et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9974519 | Schwarz et al. | May 2018 | B1 |
| 9974684 | Anderson et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9980765 | Avram et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9981143 | Ron Edoute et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9999780 | Weyh et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10037867 | Godyak | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10039929 | Schwarz et al. | Aug 2018 | B1 |
| 10080906 | Schwarz | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10092346 | Levinson | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10111770 | Harris et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10111774 | Gonzales et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10124187 | Schwarz et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10183172 | Ghiron et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10195453 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10195454 | Yamashiro | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10201380 | Debenedictis et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10245439 | Schwarz et al. | Apr 2019 | B1 |
| 10271900 | Marchitto et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10342988 | Midorikawa et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10413745 | Riehl | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10463869 | Ron Edoute et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10471269 | Schwarz et al. | Nov 2019 | B1 |
| 10478588 | Walpole et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10478633 | Schwarz et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10478634 | Schwarz et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10493293 | Schwarz et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10518098 | Hong et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10549109 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10549110 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | B1 |
| 10556121 | Gurfein | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10556122 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | B1 |
| 10569094 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10569095 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | B1 |
| 10583287 | Schwarz | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10596386 | Schwarz et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10610696 | Peled | Apr 2020 | B1 |
| 10632321 | Schwarz et al. | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10639490 | Simon et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10661093 | Ron Edoute et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10675819 | Li et al. | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10688310 | Schwarz et al. | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10695575 | Schwarz et al. | Jun 2020 | B1 |
| 10695576 | Schwarz et al. | Jun 2020 | B2 |
| 10709894 | Schwarz et al. | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10709895 | Schwarz et al. | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10806943 | Sokolowski | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10821295 | Schwarz et al. | Nov 2020 | B1 |
| 10849784 | Jurna et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 11141219 | Schwarz | Oct 2021 | B1 |
| 11185690 | Schwarz | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11247039 | Schwarz | Feb 2022 | B2 |
| 20010018547 | Mechlenburg et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010031906 | Ishikawa et al. | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20020010414 | Coston et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020049483 | Knowlton | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020082466 | Han | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020128686 | Minogue et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020143365 | Herbst | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020160436 | Markov et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020165590 | Crowe et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20030028072 | Fischell et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030032900 | Ella | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030032950 | Altshuler et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030050527 | Fox et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030074037 | Moore et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078646 | Axelgaard | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030093133 | Crowe et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030130711 | Pearson et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030149451 | Chomenky et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030153958 | Yamazaki et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030158585 | Burnett | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030216729 | Marchitto et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030220674 | Anderson et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030236487 | Knowlton | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040015163 | Buysse et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040034346 | Stern et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040039279 | Ruohonen | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040073079 | Altshuler et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040077977 | Ella et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040093042 | Altshuler et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040102768 | Cluzeau et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040162583 | Bingham et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193003 | Mechlenburg et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040206365 | Knowlton | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040210214 | Knowlton | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040210282 | Flock et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040210287 | Greene | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040230226 | Bingham et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20050038313 | Ardizzone | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050049543 | Anderson et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050075701 | Shafer | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050075702 | Shafer | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050090814 | Lalonde et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050107656 | Jang et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050134193 | Myers et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050187599 | Sharkey et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050203504 | Wham et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050215987 | Slatkine | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050216062 | Herbst | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050251120 | Anderson et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060004244 | Phillips et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060020236 | Ben-Nun | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060036300 | Kreindel | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060094924 | Riehl | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060106375 | Werneth et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060152301 | Rohwedder | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060184214 | McDaniel | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060187607 | Mo | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195168 | Dunbar et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060199992 | Eisenberg et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060206103 | Altshuler et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060206180 | Alcidi | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060253176 | Caruso et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060259102 | Slatkine | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060271028 | Altshuler et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060287566 | Zangen et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060293719 | Naghavi | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070010766 | Gil et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070010861 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070016274 | Boveja et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070027411 | Ella et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083237 | Teruel | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088413 | Weber et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088419 | Fiorina et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070135811 | Hooven | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070142886 | Fischell et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173749 | Williams et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173805 | Weinberg et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070179534 | Firlik et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070198071 | Ting et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070232966 | Applebaum et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070244530 | Ren | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070255355 | Altshuler et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070255362 | Levinson et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070260107 | Mishelevich et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070270795 | Francischelli et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070270925 | Levinson | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070282156 | Konings | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070293911 | Crowe et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070293918 | Thompson et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080009885 | Del Giglio | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046053 | Wagner et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077201 | Levinson et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077202 | Levinson | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080077211 | Levinson et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082094 | McPherson et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080082153 | Gadsby et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080103565 | Altshuler et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080132971 | Pille et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080183251 | Azar et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080188915 | Mills et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080228520 | Day et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080234534 | Mikas et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080249350 | Marchitto et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080255572 | Zeller et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080255637 | Oishi | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080262287 | Dussau | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080262574 | Briefs et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080287839 | Rosen et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080287948 | Newton et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080306325 | Burnett et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080306326 | Epstein | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080312647 | Knopp et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090005631 | Simenhaus et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018384 | Boyden et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018623 | Levinson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018624 | Levinson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018625 | Levinson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018626 | Levinson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018627 | Levinson et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090018628 | Burns et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090024192 | Mulholland | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090024193 | Altshuler et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090036958 | Mehta | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090043293 | Pankratov et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090099405 | Schneider et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090108969 | Sims et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090118722 | Ebbers et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090118790 | Van Herk | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090149300 | Chen | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090149929 | Levinson et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090149930 | Schenck | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090156958 | Mehta et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090221938 | Rosenberg et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090227831 | Burnett et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090234423 | Vetanze | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090248004 | Altshuler et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090254154 | De Taboada et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090270945 | Markoll et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090284339 | Choi et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306648 | Podhajsky et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090326571 | Mulholland | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100004536 | Rosenberg | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100004715 | Fahey | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100016761 | Rosenberg | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100036191 | Walter et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100036368 | England et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100049188 | Nelson et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100069704 | Peterchev | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100081971 | Allison | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100087699 | Peterchev | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100087816 | Roy | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121131 | Mathes | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100130945 | Laniado et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100145399 | Johari et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100152522 | Roth et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100152824 | Allison | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100160712 | Burnett et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100168501 | Burnett et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100179372 | Glassman | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185042 | Schneider et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100217253 | Mehta | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100222629 | Burnett et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100228250 | Brogna | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100256438 | Mishelevich et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100256439 | Schneider et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100261992 | Axelgaard | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100274327 | Carroll et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100274329 | Bradley et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100280582 | Baker et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100286470 | Schneider et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100286691 | Kerr et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100298623 | Mishelevich et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100309689 | Coulson | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324611 | Deming et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100331602 | Mishelevich et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100331603 | Szecsi | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110004261 | Sham et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110007745 | Schultz et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110009737 | Manstein | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110015464 | Riehl et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110021863 | Burnett et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110046432 | Simon et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110046523 | Altshuler et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110066216 | Ting et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110077451 | Marchitto et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110082383 | Cory et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110087312 | Shanks et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110105826 | Mishelevich et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110112520 | Michael | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110118722 | Lischinsky et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110125203 | Simon et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110130618 | Ron et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110130713 | Dufay | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110130796 | Louise | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110152967 | Simon et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110172735 | Johari | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110172752 | Bingham et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110190569 | Simon et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110196438 | Mnozil et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110202058 | Eder et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110218464 | Iger | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110224761 | Manstein | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110237921 | Askin, III et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110238050 | Allison et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110238051 | Levinson et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110245900 | Turner et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110263925 | Bratton | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110273251 | Mishelevich et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110275927 | Wagner et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110276108 | Crowe et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110300079 | Martens et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110306943 | Dunbar et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110319700 | Schneider | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120016359 | Podhajsky | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120022518 | Levinson | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120029394 | Babaev | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120035608 | Marchitto et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120046598 | Kardos et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120046653 | Welches et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120053449 | Moses et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120101326 | Simon et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120108883 | Peterchev | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120108884 | Bechler et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120109241 | Rauscher | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120116271 | Caruso et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120150079 | Rosenberg | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120157747 | Rybski et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120158100 | Schomacker | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120172653 | Chornenky et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120197361 | Gonzales et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120215210 | Brown et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120226272 | Chernov et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120226330 | Kolen et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120239123 | Weber et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120240940 | Paraschac et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245483 | Lundqvist | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120253098 | George et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120259382 | Trier et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120271206 | Shalev et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120271294 | Barthe et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120277587 | Adanny et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120302821 | Burnett | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120303076 | Fahey | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120310033 | Muntermann | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120310035 | Schneider et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120310311 | Elkah | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330090 | Sham et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130006039 | Sadler | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130012755 | Slayton | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130030239 | Weyh et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130035745 | Ahmed et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130053620 | Susedik et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130066309 | Levinson | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130079684 | Rosen et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130096363 | Schneider et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130103127 | Mueller et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130116758 | Levinson et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130116759 | Levinson et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130123568 | Hamilton et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130123629 | Rosenberg et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130123764 | Zarsky et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130123765 | Zarsky et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130131764 | Grove | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130137918 | Phillips et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130144280 | Eckhouse et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130150653 | Borsody | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130158440 | Allison | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130158634 | Ron et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130158636 | Ting et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130178764 | Eckhouse et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130184693 | Neev | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130190744 | Avram et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130238043 | Beardall et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130238061 | Ron et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130238062 | Ron Edoute et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130245731 | Allison | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253384 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253493 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253494 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253495 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130253496 | Anderson et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130261374 | Elder | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130261683 | Soikum et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130267943 | Hancock | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130289433 | Jin et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130303904 | Barthe et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130304159 | Simon et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130317281 | Schneider et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130317282 | Ron Edoute et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130331637 | Greff | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140005758 | Ben-Yehuda et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140005759 | Fahey et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140005760 | Levinson et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140012064 | Riehl et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140018767 | Harris et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140025033 | Mirkov et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140025142 | Zarksy et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140046423 | Rajguru et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140066786 | Naghavi et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140067025 | Levinson et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140081359 | Sand | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140148870 | Burnett | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140194958 | Chabal et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140200388 | Schneider et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140221990 | Kreindel | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140235928 | Zangen et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140243933 | Ginggen | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140249355 | Martinez | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140249601 | Bachinski et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140249609 | Zarsky et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140257071 | Curran et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140257443 | Baker et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140276248 | Hall et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140276693 | Altshuler et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277219 | Nanda | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277302 | Weber et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303425 | Pilla et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303525 | Sitharaman | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303696 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140303697 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140316393 | Levinson | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140324120 | Bogie et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140330067 | Jordan | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140350438 | Papirov et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140357935 | Ilmoniemi et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140364841 | Kornstein | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140371515 | John | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140378875 | Ron Edoute et al. | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150005569 | Missoli | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150005759 | Welches et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150018667 | Radman et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150025299 | Ron et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150080769 | Lotsch | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150088105 | Fatemi | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150094788 | Pierenkemper | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150112412 | Anderson et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150119849 | Aronhalt et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150123661 | Yui et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150127075 | Ward et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150133717 | Ghiron et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150133718 | Schneider et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150141877 | Feldman | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150148858 | Kaib | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150157873 | Sokolowski | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150165226 | Simon et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150165232 | Altshuler et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150165238 | Slayton et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150174002 | Burbank et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150202454 | Burnett | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150216719 | Debenedictis et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150216720 | Debenedictis et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150216816 | O'Neil et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150223975 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150238248 | Thompson et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150238771 | Zarsk et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150272776 | Gonzales et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150283022 | Lee et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150297909 | Peashock | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150314133 | Yamashiro | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150328077 | Levinson | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150328475 | Kim et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150342661 | Ron Edoute | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150342780 | Levinson et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150360045 | Fischell et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150367141 | Goetz et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150375005 | Segal | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160015995 | Leung et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160016013 | Capelli et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160020070 | Kim et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160022349 | Woloszko et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160030763 | Midorikawa et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160045755 | Chun et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160051401 | Yee et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160051827 | Ron et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160066977 | Neal, II et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160066994 | Shanks | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160067516 | Schneider et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160067517 | Burnett | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160089550 | Debenedictis et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160106982 | Cakmak et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160121112 | Azar | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160129273 | Park | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160129274 | Park | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160136462 | Lewis, Jr. et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160150494 | Tabet et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160151637 | Abe et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160158574 | Eckhouse et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160175193 | Jung | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160184601 | Gleich et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160193466 | Burnett | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160213924 | Coleman et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160220834 | Schwarz | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160250494 | Sakaki et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160256702 | Schwarz et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160256703 | Schwarz et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160270951 | Martins et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160317346 | Kovach | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160317827 | Schwarz et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160324684 | Levinson et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160346561 | Ron Edoute et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20160354237 | Gonzales et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170001024 | Prouza | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170001025 | Schwarz et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170001026 | Schwarz et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170001027 | Ladman et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170001028 | Ladman et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170001029 | Pribula et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170001030 | Pribula et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170007309 | Debenedictis et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170036019 | Matsushita | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170043177 | Ron Edoute et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170050019 | Ron Edoute et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170072212 | Ladman et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170087373 | Schwarz | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170100585 | Hall et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170105869 | Frangineas, Jr. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170106201 | Schwarz et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170106203 | Schneider et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170120067 | Prouza | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170143958 | Shalev et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170156907 | Harris et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170173347 | Schwarz et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170182334 | Altshuler et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170182335 | Altshuler et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170189707 | Zabara | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170196731 | Debenedictis et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170209708 | Schwarz | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170239079 | Root et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170239467 | Shalev et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170259077 | Jin | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170280889 | Koch | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170304642 | Ron Edoute et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170319378 | Anderson et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170325992 | Debenedictis et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170325993 | Jimenez et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170326042 | Zeng et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170326346 | Jimenez et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170333705 | Schwarz | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170348143 | Rosen et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170348539 | Schwarz et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170354530 | Shagdar et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170361095 | Mueller et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180000347 | Perez et al. | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180001106 | Schwarz | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180001107 | Schwarz et al. | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180021565 | Dar et al. | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180028831 | Ron Edoute et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180036548 | Nusse | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180043151 | Ejiri et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180071544 | Ghiron et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180103991 | Linhart et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180125416 | Schwarz et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180133498 | Chornenky et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180153736 | Mills et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180153760 | Rosen et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180161197 | Baker et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180177996 | Gozani et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180185081 | O'Neil et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180185189 | Weber et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180214300 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180228646 | Gonzales et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180229048 | Sikora et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180236254 | Schwarz et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180250056 | Avram et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180263677 | Hilton et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180264245 | Edwards et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180271767 | Jimenez et al. | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20180296831 | Matsushita | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20180310950 | Yee et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180345012 | Schwarz et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20180353767 | Biginton | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20190000524 | Rosen et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190000529 | Kothare et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190000663 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190029876 | Anderson et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190030356 | Schwarz | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190053941 | Samson | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190111255 | Errico et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190117965 | Iger et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190134414 | Schwarz | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190151655 | Hall et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190168012 | Biginton | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190183562 | Widgerow | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190192219 | Kreindel | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190192853 | Kim et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190192872 | Schwarz et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190192873 | Schwarz et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190192875 | Schwarz et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190201705 | Schwarz et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190201706 | Schwarz et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190209836 | Yakoub et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190255346 | Ghiron | Aug 2019 | A1 |
| 20190269909 | Gozani et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190275320 | Kim et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190299018 | Chornenky et al. | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190314629 | Kreindel | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190314638 | Kreindel | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190329065 | Gandel | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190336783 | Sokolowski | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190344091 | Fischer | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190350646 | Kreindel | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| 20190365462 | Casalino et al. | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20190388698 | Schwarz et al. | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20200001103 | Schwarz et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200016422 | Ron Edoute et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200016423 | Ron Edoute et al. | Jan 2020 | A1 |
| 20200054890 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200061385 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200061386 | Schwarz et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200094066 | Heath | Mar 2020 | A1 |
| 20200114160 | Blendermann | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200129759 | Schwarz | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200139148 | Schwarz et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200155221 | Marchitto et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200171297 | Kirson et al. | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200197696 | Nagel et al. | Jun 2020 | A1 |
| 20200206524 | Katznelson et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200237424 | Hunziker et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
| 20200281642 | Kreindel | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200289838 | Schwarz et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20200324133 | Schwarz et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200330782 | Zabara | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200352633 | Treen et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200353244 | Yamazaki | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200353273 | Zucco | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200360681 | Lay | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20210008369 | Crosson | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210038894 | Mowery et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| 20210146150 | Frangineas, Jr. et al. | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210275825 | Kreindel | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210283395 | Kreindel | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210361938 | Gershonowitz | Nov 2021 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 747678 | May 2002 | AU |
| 2011265424 | Jul 2014 | AU |
| 2012244313 | Nov 2014 | AU |
| 2014203094 | Jul 2015 | AU |
| 2013207657 | Nov 2015 | AU |
| PI0812502 | Jun 2015 | BR |
| 2484880 | Apr 2006 | CA |
| 2604112 | Jul 2016 | CA |
| 3019140 | Oct 2017 | CA |
| 3019410 | Oct 2017 | CA |
| 3023821 | Nov 2017 | CA |
| 714113 | Mar 2019 | CH |
| 86204070 | Sep 1987 | CN |
| 87203746 | Dec 1987 | CN |
| 87215926 | Jul 1988 | CN |
| 1026953 | Dec 1994 | CN |
| 1027958 | Mar 1995 | CN |
| 2192348 | Mar 1995 | CN |
| 1206975 | Jun 2005 | CN |
| 101234231 | Aug 2008 | CN |
| 101327358 | Dec 2008 | CN |
| 201906360 | Jul 2011 | CN |
| 102319141 | Jan 2012 | CN |
| 102711706 | Oct 2012 | CN |
| 102847231 | Jan 2013 | CN |
| 202637725 | Jan 2013 | CN |
| 203169831 | Sep 2013 | CN |
| 102319141 | Aug 2014 | CN |
| 106540375 | Mar 2017 | CN |
| 107613914 | Jan 2018 | CN |
| 108882992 | Nov 2018 | CN |
| 109310516 | Feb 2019 | CN |
| 112221015 | Jan 2021 | CN |
| 718637 | Mar 1942 | DE |
| 1118902 | Dec 1961 | DE |
| 2748780 | May 1978 | DE |
| 3205048 | Aug 1983 | DE |
| 3340974 | May 1985 | DE |
| 3610474 | Oct 1986 | DE |
| 3825165 | Jan 1990 | DE |
| 3340974 | Jul 1994 | DE |
| 69318706 | Jan 1999 | DE |
| 10062050 | Apr 2002 | DE |
| 102004006192 | Sep 2005 | DE |
| 60033756 | Jun 2007 | DE |
| 102009023855 | Dec 2010 | DE |
| 102009050010 | May 2011 | DE |
| 102010004307 | Jul 2011 | DE |
| 102011014291 | Sep 2012 | DE |
| 102013211859 | Jul 2015 | DE |
| 102016116399 | Mar 2018 | DE |
| 202016008884 | Jul 2020 | DE |
| 102010014157 | Feb 2021 | DE |
| 0633008 | Mar 1999 | DK |
| 000494 | Aug 1999 | EA |
| 002087 | Dec 2001 | EA |
| 002179 | Feb 2002 | EA |
| 003851 | Oct 2003 | EA |
| 007347 | Aug 2006 | EA |
| 007975 | Feb 2007 | EA |
| 0048451 | Mar 1982 | EP |
| 0209246 | Jan 1987 | EP |
| 0459101 | Dec 1991 | EP |
| 0459401 | Dec 1991 | EP |
| 0633008 | Jan 1995 | EP |
| 0788813 | Aug 1997 | EP |
| 0633008 | May 1998 | EP |
| 0692993 | Sep 1999 | EP |
| 1022034 | Jul 2000 | EP |
| 1916013 | Apr 2008 | EP |
| 2124800 | Nov 2010 | EP |
| 1917935 | Jan 2011 | EP |
| 2308559 | Apr 2011 | EP |
| 2139560 | May 2012 | EP |
| 2461765 | Jun 2012 | EP |
| 2069014 | Jun 2013 | EP |
| 2614807 | Jul 2013 | EP |
| 2676700 | Dec 2013 | EP |
| 2694159 | Feb 2014 | EP |
| 2749259 | Jul 2014 | EP |
| 2814445 | Dec 2014 | EP |
| 2856986 | Apr 2015 | EP |
| 3009167 | Apr 2016 | EP |
| 2501352 | Jul 2016 | EP |
| 3209246 | Aug 2017 | EP |
| 3342379 | Jul 2018 | EP |
| 3389532 | Oct 2018 | EP |
| 3434323 | Jan 2019 | EP |
| 3721939 | Oct 2020 | EP |
| 2118925 | Oct 1998 | ES |
| 2300569 | Jun 2008 | ES |
| 2305698 | Nov 2008 | ES |
| 2359581 | May 2011 | ES |
| 2533145 | Apr 2015 | ES |
| 2533145 | Jul 2016 | ES |
| 2533145 | Oct 2018 | ES |
| 3041881 | Apr 2017 | FR |
| 3061012 | Jun 2018 | FR |
| 260116 | Oct 1926 | GB |
| 304587 | Mar 1930 | GB |
| 390500 | Apr 1933 | GB |
| 871672 | Jun 1961 | GB |
| 2188238 | Sep 1987 | GB |
| 2176009 | Dec 1989 | GB |
| 2261820 | Jun 1993 | GB |
| 2286660 | Aug 1995 | GB |
| 2395907 | Dec 2004 | GB |
| 2504984 | Feb 2014 | GB |
| 2521240 | Jun 2015 | GB |
| 2552004 | Jan 2018 | GB |
| 3027678 | Nov 1998 | GR |
| 1217550 | Mar 1990 | IT |
| RE20120010 | Aug 2013 | IT |
| UB20159823 | Jul 2017 | IT |
| 2003305131 | Oct 2003 | JP |
| 2006130055 | May 2006 | JP |
| 4178762 | Nov 2008 | JP |
| 4324673 | Sep 2009 | JP |
| 2010207268 | Sep 2010 | JP |
| 2010533054 | Oct 2010 | JP |
| 2011194176 | Oct 2011 | JP |
| 2013063285 | Apr 2013 | JP |
| 2017518857 | Jul 2017 | JP |
| 2018501927 | Jan 2018 | JP |
| 2018018650 | Feb 2018 | JP |
| 20030065126 | Aug 2003 | KR |
| 100484618 | Apr 2005 | KR |
| 100491988 | May 2005 | KR |
| 200407524 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 100556230 | Mar 2006 | KR |
| 200410065 | Mar 2006 | KR |
| 100841596 | Jun 2008 | KR |
| 20090063618 | Jun 2009 | KR |
| 20090095143 | Sep 2009 | KR |
| 100936914 | Jan 2010 | KR |
| 1020100026107 | Mar 2010 | KR |
| 101022244 | Mar 2011 | KR |
| 20110123831 | Nov 2011 | KR |
| 20120037011 | Apr 2012 | KR |
| 101233286 | Feb 2013 | KR |
| 101233287 | Feb 2013 | KR |
| 20130072244 | Jul 2013 | KR |
| 101292289 | Aug 2013 | KR |
| 20130128391 | Nov 2013 | KR |
| 101413022 | Jul 2014 | KR |
| 101415141 | Jul 2014 | KR |
| 101447532 | Oct 2014 | KR |
| 101511444 | Apr 2015 | KR |
| 20150058102 | May 2015 | KR |
| 101539633 | Jul 2015 | KR |
| 20150079619 | Jul 2015 | KR |
| 20150106379 | Sep 2015 | KR |
| 101650155 | Aug 2016 | KR |
| 101673182 | Nov 2016 | KR |
| 20170090654 | Aug 2017 | KR |
| 20170107603 | Sep 2017 | KR |
| 101794269 | Nov 2017 | KR |
| 20180059114 | Jun 2018 | KR |
| 20180092020 | Aug 2018 | KR |
| 101941863 | Jan 2019 | KR |
| 20190005981 | Jan 2019 | KR |
| 102000971 | Jul 2019 | KR |
| 20190001779 | Jul 2019 | KR |
| 200491572 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20200000889 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20200052602 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20200056692 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20200056693 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20200056801 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20200056802 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20200057154 | May 2020 | KR |
| 20210002973 | Jan 2021 | KR |
| 20210002974 | Jan 2021 | KR |
| 2012012158 | Apr 2014 | MX |
| 7510644 | Mar 1977 | NL |
| 1037451 | May 2011 | NL |
| 2212909 | Sep 2003 | RU |
| 2226115 | Mar 2004 | RU |
| 2281128-02 | Aug 2006 | RU |
| 2373971 | Nov 2009 | RU |
| 2392979 | Jun 2010 | RU |
| 2395267 | Jul 2010 | RU |
| 2496532 | Oct 2013 | RU |
| 2529471 | Sep 2014 | RU |
| 2596053 | Aug 2016 | RU |
| 2637104 | Nov 2017 | RU |
| 2645923 | Feb 2018 | RU |
| 24921 | Aug 2016 | SI |
| 200423986 | Nov 2004 | TW |
| WO-9312835 | Jul 1993 | WO |
| WO-9521655 | Aug 1995 | WO |
| WO-9527533 | Oct 1995 | WO |
| WO-9932191 | Jul 1999 | WO |
| WO-0013749 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| WO-0044346 | Aug 2000 | WO |
| WO-0107111 | Feb 2001 | WO |
| WO-0112089 | Feb 2001 | WO |
| WO-0193797 | Dec 2001 | WO |
| WO-0225675 | Mar 2002 | WO |
| WO-03078596 | Sep 2003 | WO |
| WO-03079916 | Oct 2003 | WO |
| WO-03090863 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO-03103769 | Dec 2003 | WO |
| WO-2004078255 | Sep 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004087255 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004095385 | Nov 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004095835 | Nov 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004096343 | Nov 2004 | WO |
| WO-2004108211 | Dec 2004 | WO |
| WO-2005032660 | Apr 2005 | WO |
| WO-2005107866 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| WO-2006115120 | Nov 2006 | WO |
| WO-2007096206 | Aug 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007140584 | Dec 2007 | WO |
| WO-2008012827 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008049775 | May 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008060494 | May 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008109058 | Sep 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008127011 | Oct 2008 | WO |
| WO-2008145260 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| WO-2009011708 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009013729 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009036040 | Mar 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009042863 | Apr 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009044400 | Apr 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009047628 | Apr 2009 | WO |
| WO-2009083915 | Jul 2009 | WO |
| WO-2010007614 | Jan 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010022278 | Feb 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010007614 | May 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010135425 | Nov 2010 | WO |
| WO-2010139376 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| WO-2011011749 | Jan 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011016019 | Feb 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011021184 | Feb 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011045002 | Apr 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011053607 | May 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011058565 | May 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011156495 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| WO-2012005766 | Jan 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012029065 | Mar 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012040243 | Mar 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012073232 | Jun 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012103632 | Aug 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012119293 | Sep 2012 | WO |
| WO-2012138169 | Oct 2012 | WO |
| WO-2013021380 | Feb 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013026393 | Feb 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013035088 | Mar 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013074576 | May 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013098815 | Jul 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013191699 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| WO-2014009875 | Jan 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014016820 | Jan 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014109653 | Jul 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014137344 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014141229 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014149021 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014151431 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014163020 | Oct 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014164926 | Oct 2014 | WO |
| WO-2015004540 | Jan 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015012639 | Jan 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015012672 | Jan 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015052705 | Apr 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015083305 | Jun 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015137733 | Sep 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015157725 | Oct 2015 | WO |
| WO-2015179571 | Nov 2015 | WO |
| WO-2016116747 | Jul 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016140871 | Sep 2016 | WO |
| WO-2017002065 | Jan 2017 | WO |
| WO 2017106878 | Jun 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017103923 | Jun 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017159959 | Sep 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017160097 | Sep 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017176621 | Oct 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017196548 | Nov 2017 | WO |
| WO-2017212253 | Dec 2017 | WO |
| WO-2018006086 | Jan 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018008023 | Jan 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018044825 | Mar 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018121998 | Jul 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018122535 | Jul 2018 | WO |
| WO-2017160097 | Sep 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018208992 | Nov 2018 | WO |
| WO-2019120420 | Jun 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019150378 | Aug 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019166965 | Sep 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019173866 | Sep 2019 | WO |
| WO-2019183622 | Sep 2019 | WO |
| WO-2020002801 | Jan 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020035852 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020041502 | Feb 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020142470 | Jul 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020144486 | Jul 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020174444 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020183508 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020190514 | Sep 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020208590 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| WO-2020264263 | Dec 2020 | WO |
| WO-2021013654 | Jan 2021 | WO |
| WO-2021102365 | May 2021 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| US 10,398,895 B2, 09/2019, Tomás (withdrawn) |
| Pascual-Leone, Alvaro et al. “Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation” 2002 Arnold Publishers, Chapters 1-4, 58 pages. |
| 2018 Cutera University, Clinical Forum, Cutera 20, 26 pages. |
| 501 (k) K030708 Slendertone FLEX Letter from Department of Health and Humane Serivces, Public Health Service, Jun. 25, 2003, 6 pages. |
| 501 (k) K163165 AM-100 Letter from Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Feb. 16, 2017, 9 pages. |
| Abulhasan, J.F., et al., “Peripheral Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation to Augment Resistance Training,” Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 1(3):328-342, (Sep. 2016). |
| Accent Radiofrequency System, Operator's Manual, Alma Lasers, Wellbeing Through Technology, 2008, 82 Pages. |
| Agilent Technologies, Inc., “Agilent 33500 Series 30 MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator User's Guide,” Publication No. 33520-90001 (Dec. 2010), 278 pages. |
| Agilent Technologies, Inc., “Agilent Announces 30 MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generators,” Microwave J., URL: (Aug. 3, 2010), 8 pages. |
| Allergan, Inc. et al. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-PGR2021-00015, Paper 16 (Decision Denying Institution of Post-Grant Review), Jun. 17, 2021, 20 pages. |
| Allergan, Inc. et al. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-PGR2021-00016, Paper 16 (Decision Denying Institution of Post-Grant Review), Jun. 17, 2021, 20 pages. |
| Allergan, Inc. et al. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-PGR2021-00017, Paper 16 (Decision Denying Institution of Post-Grant Review), Jun. 16, 2021, 33 pages. |
| Allergan, Inc. et al. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-PGR2021-00018, Paper 16 (Decision Denying Institution of Post-Grant Review), Jun. 16, 2021, 42 pages. |
| Allergan, Inc. et al. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-PGR2021-00020, Paper 16 (Decision Denying Institution of Post-Grant Review), Jun. 16, 2021, 35 pages. |
| Allergan, Inc. et al. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-PGR2021-00021, Paper 17 (Decision Denying Institution of Post-Grant Review), Jun. 16, 2021, 33 pages. |
| Allergan, Inc. et al. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-PGR2021-00022; PTAB-PGR2021-00023; PTAB-PGR2021-00024; PTAB-PGR2021-00025; PTAB-IPR2021-00296; PTAB-IPR2021-00312, Paper 11 (Decision Settlement Prior to Institution of Trial), Jul. 6, 2021, 4 pages. |
| Alma Lasers., “Accent Radiofrequency System, Operator's Manual,” Wellbeing Through Technology, 2008, Chapters 1-8, Appendix A. |
| Arjunan, P.A., et al., “Computation and Evaluation of Features of Surface Electromyogram to Identify the Force of Muscle Contraction and Muscle Fatigue,” BioMed research international 2014:197960, Hindawi Pub. Co, United States (2014). |
| Avram, M.M and Harry, R.S.,“Cryolipolysis for Subcutaneous Fat Layer Reduction,” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 41(10):703-708, Wiley-Liss, United States (Dec. 2009). |
| Bachasson, D., et al., “Quadriceps Function Assessment Using an Incremental Test and Magnetic Neurostimulation: a Reliability Study,” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 23(3):649-658, Elsevier, England, (Jun. 2013). |
| Barker, A.T, “An Introduction to the Basic Principles of Magnetic Nerve Stimulation,” Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 8(1):26-37, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, (Jan. 1991). |
| Barker, A.T., et al., “Non-lnvasive Magnetic Stimulation of Human Motor Cortex,” Lancet 1(8437):1106-1107, Elsevier, England (May 1985). |
| Barker, A.T., “The History and Basic Principles of Magnetic Nerve Stimulation,” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 51:3-21, Elsevier, Netherlands (1999). |
| Barrett, J., et al., “Mechanisms of Action Underlying the Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Mood: Behavioral and Brain Imaging Studies,” Neuropsychopharmacology 29(6):1172-1189, Nature Publishing Group, England (Jan. 14, 2004). |
| Behrens, M., et al., “Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (15 Hz RPMS) of the Human Soleus Muscle did not Affect Spinal Excitability,” Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(1):39-44, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Turkey (Mar. 2011). |
| Beilin, G., et al., “Electromagnetic Fields Applied to the Reduction of Abdominal Obesity,” Journal of Cosmetic & Laser Therapy, 14(1):24-42, Informa Healthcare, England, (Feb. 2012). |
| Belanger, A-Y., “Chapter 13: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation,” in Therapeutic Electrophysical Agents: Evidence Behind Practice, 3rd Edition, Lupash, E., ed., pp. 220-255, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States (2015). |
| Benton, et al., “Functional Electrical Stimulation—A Practical Clinical Guide,” Second Edition, the Professional Staff Association of the Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, Inc., 42 pages (1981). |
| Benton, L.A., et al., “Chapter 2: Physiological Basis of Nerve and Muscle Excitation” and “Chapter 4: General Uses of Electrical Stimulation,” in Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Practical Guide, 2nd Edition, pp. 11-30 and 53-71, Rancho Los Amigos Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Downey, CA (1981), 42 pages. |
| Bergh, U., and Ekblom, B., “Influence of Muscle Temperature on Maximal Muscle Strength and Power Output in Human Skeletal Muscles,” Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 107(1):33-37, Blackwell Scientific Publications, England (Aug. 1979). |
| Binder-Macleod, S.A., et al., “Force Output of Cat Motor Units Stimulated with Trains of Linearly Varying Frequency,” Journal of Neurophysiology 61(1):208-217, American Physiological Society, United States (Jan. 1989). |
| Binder-Macleod, S.A., et al., “Use of a Catchlike Property of Human Skeletal Muscle to Reduce Fatigue,” Muscle & Nerve 14(9):850-857, John Wiley & Sons, United States (Sep. 1991). |
| Bio Medical Research Limited., “Slendertone Flex Abdominal Training System, Instructions for Use,” All pages (Aug. 2006). |
| Bio Medical Research Limited., “Slendertone Flex Max Instruction Manual,” All pages (Apr. 2006). |
| Bio-Medical Research Ltd., K010335, 510(k) Summary, Slendertone Flex, All pages (Sep. 2001). |
| Bio-Medical Research Ltd., K022855 510(k) Summary, Slendertone, 1-6 (Mar. 2003). |
| Bischoff, C., et al., “Repetitive Magnetic Nerve Stimulation: Technical Considerations and Clinical Use in the Assessment of Neuromuscular Transmission,” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 93(1):15-20, Elsevier, Ireland (Feb. 1994). |
| Bourland, J.D., et al., “Transchest Magnetic (Eddy-Current) Stimulation of the Dog Heart,” Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 28(2):196-198, Springer, United States (Mar. 1990). |
| BTL Industries, Inc., K163165 510(k) Summary, AM-100, All pages (Feb. 2017). |
| BTL Industries, Inc., K180813 510(k) Summary, Emsculpt, All pages (Mar. 2018). |
| BTL Industries, Inc. v. Allergan Ltd. et al DDE-1-20-cv-01046, Complaint for Patent Infringement and Exhibits 1-38, 821 pages (Aug. 2020). |
| BTL Industries, Inc. v. Allergan Ltd. et al., DDE-1-20-cv-01046, Order Administratively Closing Case, Jul. 26, 2021, 1 page. |
| BTL Industries, Inc. v. Allergan Ltd. et al DDE-1-20-cv-01046, Order Granting Motion to Stay Pending Resolution of Proceedings at the International Trade Commission (Unopposed), 2 pages (Oct. 2020). |
| BTL Industries, Inc. v. Allergan PLC et al DDE-1-19-cv-02356, Complaint for Patent Infringement and Exhibits 1-34, 375 pages (Dec. 2019). |
| BTL Industries, Inc. v. Allergan PLC et al DDE-1-19-cv-02356, Order Granting Stipulation to Stay, Oct. 1, 2020, 1 page. |
| BTL Industries, Inc. v. Allergan USA, Inc. et al., DDE-1-19-cv-02356, Order Administratively Closing Case, Jul. 26, 2021, 1 page. |
| Buenos Aires, Oct. 14, 2014, Venus Concept, Provision No. 7246, 56 pages (With Machine Translation). |
| Burge, S.M and Dawber, R.P.,“Hair Follicle Destruction and Regeneration in Guinea Pig Skin After Cutaneous Freeze Injury,” Cryobiology, 27(2):153-163, Elsevier, Netherlands (Apr. 1990). |
| Busso, M. and Denkova, R., “Efficacy of High Intensity Focused Electro-Magnetic (HIFEM) Field Therapy When Used for Non-Invasive Buttocks Augmentation and Lifting: A Clinical Study” American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Abstracts, 382 (2018). |
| Bustamante, V., et al., “Muscle Training With Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation of the Quadriceps in Severe COPD Patients,” Respiratory Medicine, 104(2):237-245, Elsevier, England, (Feb. 2010). |
| Bustamante, V., et al., “Redox Balance Following Magnetic Stimulation Training in the Quadriceps of Patients With Severe COPD,” Free Radical Research, 42(11-12):939-948, Informa Healthcare, England, (Nov. 2008). |
| Callaghan, M.J., et al., “Electric Muscle Stimulation of the Quadriceps in the Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 85(6):956-962, W.B. Saunders, United Staes (Jun. 2004). |
| Carbonaro, M., et al., “Architectural Changes in Superficial and Deep Compartments of the Tibialis Anterior during Electrical Stimulation over Different Sites,” IEEE transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 28(11):2557-2565, IEEE, United States (Nov. 2020). |
| Caress, J.B., et al., “A Novel Method of Inducing Muscle Cramps Using Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation,” Muscle Nerve, 23(1):126-128, John Wiley & Sons, United States, (Jan. 2000). |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, BTL's Statement of Suggested Claim Terms to Be Construed Pursuant to Ground Rule 6b, Nov. 4, 2020, 2 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Complainant BTL's Proposed Construction of Disputed Claim Terms, Dec. 8, 2020, 19 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Complaint, Aug. 5, 2020, 93 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Joint Claim Construction Chart, Dec. 14, 2020, 15 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same; Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Joint Claim Construction Chart, Dec. 18, 2020, 15 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Respondents' Allergan Limited, Allergan USA, Inc., Allergan, Inc., Zeltiq Aesthetics, Inc., Zeltiq Ireland Unlimited Company, and Zimmer MedizinSysteme GmbH's Notice of Prior Art, Nov. 20, 2020, 5 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Respondents' List of Claim Terms for Construction, Nov. 4, 2020, 8 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same; Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Respondents' List of Proposed Claim Constructions and Their Intrinsic and Extrinsic Support, filed Dec. 15, 2020, 23 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Response of Respondent Zimmer MedizinSysteme GmbH to the Complaint and Notice of Investigation, Oct. 22, 2020, 68 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Response of Respondents Allergan Limited, Allergan USA, Inc., Allergan, Inc., Zeltiq Aesthetics, Inc., and Zeltiq IrelandUnlimited Company to the Complaint and Notice of Investigation, Oct. 22, 2020, 69 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body-Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using Same, Notice of Institution of Investigation, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Notice of Institution of Investigation, Sep. 2, 2020, 21 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body-Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Order No. 21 (Initial Determination), Apr. 28, 2021, 5 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body-Contouring Devices, Components Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Order No. 30 (Order Concerning the Procedural Schedule), Aug. 4, 2021, 3 pages. |
| Certain Non-Invasive Aesthetic Body-Contouring Devices, Componesnts Thereof, and Methods of Using the Same, Inv. No. 337-TA-1219, Order No. 17: Amending Procedural Schedule, Apr. 9, 2021, 4 pages. |
| Certified English Translation of Belyaev, A.G., “Effect of Magnetic Stimulation on the Strength Capacity of Skeletal Muscles,” Ph.D. Thesis Abstract, Smolensk State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport, and Tourism, Dec. 11, 2020, 23 pages. |
| Certified English Translation of Belyaev, A.G., “Effect of Magnetic Stimulation on the Strength Capacity of Skeletal Muscles,” Ph.D. Thesis, Smolensk State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport, and Tourism, Dec. 11, 2020, 117 pages. |
| Chattanooga Group of Encore Medical, L.P., “Intelect SWD 100 User Manual, Operation & Installation Instructions for Intelect SWD 00—Model 1600,” All pages (2009). |
| Chesterton, L.S., et al.,“Skin Temperature Response to Cryotherapy,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83(4):543-549, W.B. Saunders, United States (Apr. 2002). |
| Collins, D.F., et al., “Large Involuntary Forces Consistent With Plateau-Like Behavior of Human Motoneurons,” Journal of Neuroscience 21(11):4059-4065, Society for Neuroscience, United States (Jun. 2001). |
| Colson, S., et al., “Re-Examination of Training Effects by Electrostimulation in the Human Elbow Musculoskeletal System,” International Journal of Sports Medicine 21(4):281-288, Stuttgart, Thieme (May 2000). |
| Course in Physical Therapy, Presentation, Jan. 4, 2013, 156 pages. |
| CR Technologies, “Salus Talent Pop Manual KFDA First Approval Document” (English Translation), Nov. 25, 2011, 47 pages. |
| CR Technologies, “Notification of medical device manufacturing item permission, Salus Talent Pop KFDA Approval Document” (English Translation), 3 pages (Sep. 2011). |
| CR Technology Co, Ltd., “Salus-Talent DOUBLE Sales Brochure” 2 pages, (Oct. 2020). |
| CR Technology Co. Ltd., “Medical Laser Irradiator Salus-Talent-Pop User Manual Version 1.00” (Nov. 2020). |
| CR Technology Co. Ltd., Salus Talent Pop User Manual, Ver. 1.00, All pages, Approx. 2012. |
| CR Technology, SALUS-TALENT, Technical File of Electro-magnetic Stimulator, Document No. TF-C05, 2008, 241 pages. |
| CR Technology, Technology for Health and Business for Human Being, investor relations, 2008, 21 pages. |
| Currier, D. P., “Effects of Electrical and Electromagnetic Stimulation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction,” The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 17(4):177-84, Williams and Wilkins, United States (1993). |
| Cutera, truSculptflex, Brochure, dated 2019, 2 pages. |
| CynoSure, SculpSure TM, The New Shape of Energy-Based bodyContouring, 2015, Cynosure INC, 2 pages. |
| Cynosure,Smooth Shapes XV, Now with Smoothshape petite, Transforming non-invasive Body Shaping,Retrieved from the Internet: (www.cynosure.com), 2011, Cynosure Inc, 8 pages. |
| Davies, C.T., et al., “Contractile Properties of the Human Triceps Surae With Some Observations on the Effects of Temperature and Exercise,” European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 49(2):255-269, Springer Verlag, Germany (Aug. 1982). |
| Deng, Z.D., et al., “Electric Field Depth-Focality Tradeoff in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Simulation Comparison of 50 Coil Designs,” Brain stimulation 6(1):1-13, Elsevier, New York (Jan. 2013). |
| Depatment of Health and Human Services, 501(k) Letter and Summary for K092476 Body Control System 4M Powered Muscle Stimulator, dated May 7, 2010, 5 pages. |
| Depatment of Health and Human Services, 501(k) Letter and Summary for K160992 HPM-6000 Powered Muscle Stimulator, dated Oct. 21, 2016, 9 pages. |
| Depatment of Health and Human Services, 501(k) Letter and Summary for K163415 SlimShape System Powered Muscle Stimulator, dated Apr. 20, 2017, 8 pages. |
| Depatment of Health and Human Services, 501(k) Letter and Summary for K182106 BTL 799-2T Powered Muscle Stimulator, dated Oct. 23, 2018, 9 pages. |
| Depatment of Health and Human Services, 501(k) Letter and Summary for K190456 BTL 799-2L Powered Muscle Stimulator, dated Jul. 5, 2019, 9 pages. |
| Depatment of Health and Human Services, 501(k) Letter and Summary for K192224 BTL 899 Powered Muscle Stimulator, dated Dec. 5, 2019, 11 pages. |
| Doucet, B., et al., “Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Skeletal Muscle Function,” Yale Journal of Biology & Medicine 85:201-215, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, United States (Jun. 2012). |
| Dudley, G. and Stevenson, S., “Use of Electrical Stimulation in Strength and Power Training,” Special Problems in Strength and Power Training :426-435 (2003). |
| Duncan, D., et al., “Noninvasive Induction of Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia: Effects of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field Evaluated in an In-Vivo Porcine Model: A Pilot Study,” Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40(5):568-574, Oxford University Press, United States (Apr. 2020). |
| DuoMAG Magnetic Stimulator, Alien Technik User Manuel, Jun. 26, 2012,48 pages, Version 2.1. |
| Dybek, T., et al.,“Impact of 10 Sessions of Whole Body Cryostimulation on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity and on Selected Blood Count Parameters,” Biology of Sport, 29(1):39-43 (Jan. 2012). |
| Dynatronics., “Better Rehab Solutions for Better Outcomes,” Rehabilitation Products Guide 2.3, 2017, 52 pages. |
| Effective PEMF Magnetic Fat Reduction Slimming Body Beauty Salon Machine (PEMF Star), Wolfbeauty 1980, PEMF STAR, China, Retrieved from the Internet: (URL: https://www.ec21.com/product-details/Effective-PEMF-Magnetic-Fat-Reduction--8928746.html), 2019, 5 pages. |
| Elamed, Magnetic Therapeutic Apparatus for Running Pulse Mag-field small-sized ALMAG-01 Manual, allegedly accessed on Nov. 18, 2020, All pages. |
| Eliminate Stubborn Fat without Surgery or Downtime and Feel Great From Every Angle, Fear No Mirror®, Consultation Guide, Coolsculpting, 2014, 20 pages. |
| Energist Ltd—Acquired Chromogenez—Old Account, iLipo—Laser Liposuction (i-Lipo), Video Screenshots, Aug. 10, 2009, 5 pages. |
| Enoka, R.M., “Muscle Strength and Its Development,” Sports Medicine 6:146-168, Springer (Oct. 1988). |
| Epstein, C., et al., “The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation,” 773 pages (2008). |
| European Commission, “Neurogenerative Disorders,” 10 pages printed Dec. 27, 2016. |
| European Patent Office, International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/IB2016/053930, dated Dec. 12, 2016, 19 pages. |
| Exilis, Operator's Manual, BTL, 2012, 44 Pages. |
| Faghri, P.D., et al., “The Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Shoulder Subluxation, Arm Function Recovery, and Shoulder Pain in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75(1):73-79, W.B. Saunders, United States (Jan. 1994). |
| Fischer, J., et al., “Precise Subpixel Position Measurement with Linear Interpolation of CMOS Sensor Image Data,” The 6th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems, 500-504 (Sep. 2011). |
| Fisher, R., et al., “ILAE Official Report: a Practical Clinical Definition of Epilepsy,” Epilepsia, 55(4):475-482, Blackwell Science, United States (Apr. 2014). |
| Fujimura, K., et al., “Effects of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Shoulder Subluxations Caused by Stroke: A Preliminary Study,” Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 23(6):847-851, Wiley-Blackwell, United States (Nov. 2020). |
| Gaines, M., “Slendertone Abdominal Training System, the First FDA-Cleared Abdominal Belt, Introduced in United States by Compex Technologies on Time for Holiday Gift-Giving,” Business Wire 44199 (Oct. 2003). |
| Geddes, L.A., “History of Magnetic Stimulation of the Nervous System,” Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 8(1):3-9, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States (Jan. 1991). |
| Goetz, S.M., et al., “Coil Design for Neuromuscular Magnetic Stimulation Based on a Detailed 3-D Thigh Model,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 50(6):10, IEEE, (Jun. 2014). |
| Goodman, B.E., “Channels Active in the Excitability of Nerves and Skeletal Muscles Across the Neuromuscular Junction: Basic Function and Pathophysiology,” Advances in Physiology Education 32(2):127-135, American Physiological Society, United States (Jun. 2008). |
| Gorgey, A., et al., “Effects of Electrical Stimulation Parameters on Fatigue in Skeletal Muscle,” The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 39(9):684-692, Williams and Wilkins, United States (Sep. 2009). |
| Gorodnichev, R.M., et al., “The Effect of Electromagnetic Stimulation on the Parameters of Muscular Strength,” Human Physiology 40:65-69 (2014). |
| Gorodnichev, R.M., “Magnetic Stimulation of Muscles as New Method to Enhance Their Strength,” Velikie Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sport, Velikie Luki, 2016, 5 pages. |
| Halaas, Y. and Bernardy, J., “Biochemical Perspective of Fat Physiology after Application of HIFEM Field Technology: Additional Investigation of Fat Disruption Effects in a Porcine Study,” American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Abstracts, S4 (2019). |
| Hamnegard, C.H., et al., “Quadriceps Strength Assessed by Magnetic Stimulation of the Femoral Nerve in Normal Subjects,” Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 24(5):276-280, Blackwell, England, (Sep. 2004). |
| Han, B.H., et al., “Development of four-channel magnetic nerve stimulator,” 2001 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual EMBS International Conference, pp. 1325-1327, Turkey (2001). |
| Han, T.R., et al., “Magnetic Stimulation of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle: Comparison of Pain With Electrical Stimulation,” American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 85(7):593-599, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States, (Jul. 2006). |
| Harkey, M.S., “Disinhibitory Interventions and Voluntary Quadriceps Activation: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Athletic Training 49(3):411-421, National Athletic Trainers' Association, United States (2014). |
| Hasala, O., et al., Case Study of Treating Acute Ankle Distortion Using TMS, Charles University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Prague, Czech Republic, 4 Pages. |
| Heidland, A., et al., “Neuromuscular Electrostimulation Techniques: Historical Aspects and Current Possibilities in Treatment of Pain and Muscle Waisting,” Clinical Nephrology 79 Suppl 1:S12-S23, Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle, Germany (Jan. 2012). |
| Heisel, Jurgen, Physikalische Medizin, Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2005. ISBN 3-13-139881-7. p. 159. |
| Hera Estetik Medikal, “Lipostar” dated Jul. 7, 2014, accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-R7OnFIK9go, accessed on Dec. 15, 2021. |
| Hera Estetik Medikal, “Lipostar Manyetik Incelme”, accessed at https://www.heraestetik.com/en/urundetay/liposter-manyetik-incelme, accessed on Dec. 15, 2021. |
| Hill, A., “The Influence of Temperature on the Tension Developed in an Isometric Twitch,” Proceeding of the Royal Society B 138:349-354, (Sep. 1951). |
| Hirvonen, H.E., et al.,“Effectiveness of Different Cryotherapies on Pain and Disease Activity in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. A Randomised Single Blinded Controlled Trial,” Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 24(3):295-301, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology S.A.S, Italy (May-Jun. 2006). |
| Hovey, C. and Jalinous, R., “The Guide to Magnetic Stimulation” Magstim, Pioneers in Nerve Stimulation and Monitoring, pp. 1-44 (2016). |
| Hovey, C., et al., “The Guide to Magnetic Stimulation,” The Magstim Company Limited, 48 pages (Jul. 2006). |
| Huang, Y.Z., et al., “Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex,” Neuron 45(2):201-206, Cell Press, United States (Jan. 2005). |
| I-Lipo by Chromo genex, i-Lipo Ultra is the Intelligent, Non-Surgical Alternative to Liposuction, 2011, 2 pages. |
| Increasing Physiotherapy Presence in Cosmetology, Spa Inspirations, Jan. 2012, pp. 34-35. |
| Irazoqui P., Post Grant Review of U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,576, PTAB-PGR2021-00024, filed as EX1085, Dec. 14, 2020, 25 pages. |
| Iskra Medical, Magneto System, 2012, 2 pages. |
| Iskra Medical, “TESLA Stym—Functional Magnetic Stimulation FMS,” Nov. 2013, http://ww.iskramedical.eu/magneto-therapy-medical/tesla-stym, 5 pages. |
| Iskra Medical, “TESLA Stym Website,” URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20131106123126/http:/www.iskramedical.eu:80/magneto-therapy-medical/tesla-stym (Nov. 6, 2013). |
| Izumiya, Y., et al., “Fast/Glycolytic Muscle Fiber Growth Reduces Fat Mass and Improves Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice”, Cell Metabolism 7(2):159-172, Cell Press, United States (Feb. 2008). |
| Jacob, C., et al., “High Intensity Focused Electro-Magnetic Technology (HIFEM) for Non-Invasive Buttock Lifting and Toning of Gluteal Muscles: A Multi-Center Efficacy and Safety Study,” Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 17(11):1229-1232, Physicians Continuing Education Corporation, United States (Nov. 2018). |
| Jacob, C.I., et al., “Safety and Efficacy of a Novel High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Technology Device for Noninvasive Abdominal Body Shaping,” Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5):783-787, Blackwell Science, United States (Oct. 2018). |
| Jacobm C., and Paskova, “A Novel Non-Invasive Technology Based on Simultaneous Induction of Changes in Adipose and Muscle Tissues: Safety and Efficacy of a High Intensity Focused Electro-Magnetic (HIFEM) Field Device Used for Abdominal Body Shaping,” American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2018 Electronic Posters (ePosters) Town Hall and ePosters, 369, p. 1, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (2018). |
| Jalinous, R., “Technical and Practical Aspects of Magnetic Nerve Stimulation,” Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 8(1):10-25, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States (Jan. 1991). |
| Johari Digital Healthcare Ltd., 510(k)—K062439 Powertone Letter from Department of Health and Humane Services Summary, Public Health Service, Jan. 8, 2007, 6 pages. |
| Johari Digital Healthcare Ltd., “510(k)—K131291 Torc Body Letter from Department of Health and Humane Services”, Public Health Service, Jun. 14, 2013, 10 pages. |
| Johari Digital Healthcare Ltd., K131291 510(k) Summary, TorcBody, All pages (Jun. 2013). |
| Jutte, L.S., et al.,“The Relationship Between Intramuscular Temperature, Skin Temperature, and Adipose Thickness During Cryotherapy and Rewarming,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(6):845-850, W.B. Saunders, United States (Jun. 2001). |
| Katuscakova, Z.L., et al., High Induction Magnet Therapy in Rehabilitation, Department of Physiactric Rehabilitation, 2012, 72 pages. |
| Katz, B., et al., “Changes in Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Thickness Following High-Intensity Focused Electro-Magnetic (HIFEM) Field Treatments: A Multi Center Ultrasound Study,” American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Abstracts, 360-361 (2018). |
| Katz, B., et al., “Ultrasound Assessment of Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Thickness after Treatments with a High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field Device: A Multicenter Study,” Dermatologic Surgery 45(12):1542-1548, Williams & Wilkins, United States (Dec. 2019). |
| Kavanagh, S., et al., “Use of a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Device for Facial Muscle Toning: A Randomized, Controlled Trial,” Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 11(4):261-266, Blackwell Science, United States (Dec. 2012). |
| Kent, D., and Jacob C., “Computed Tomography (CT) Based Evidence of Simultaneous Changes in Human Adipose and Muscle Tissues Following a High Intensity Focused Electro-Magnetic Field (HIFEM) Application: A New Method for Non-Invasive Body Sculpting,” American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Abstracts, p. 370 (2018). |
| Kent, D,E. and Jacob, C.I., Simultaneous Changes in Abdominal Adipose and Muscle Tissues Following Treatments by High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic HIFEM Technology-Based Device: Computed Tomography Evaluation, Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 18(11):1098-1102, Physicians Continuing Education Corporation, United States (Nov. 2019). |
| Kim, Y.H., et al.,“The Effect of Cold Air Application on Intra-Articularand Skin Temperatures in the Knee,” Yonsei Medical Journal, 43(5):621-626, Yonsei University, Korea (South) (Oct. 2002). |
| Kinney, B.M. and Lozanova P., “High Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Therapy Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Safety and Efficacy Study of a Dual Tissue Effect Based Non-Invasive Abdominal Body Shaping,” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 51(1):40-46, Wiley-Liss, United States (Jan. 2019). |
| Kocbach et al., “A Simulation Approach to Optimizing Perfermance of Equipment for Thermostimulation of Muscle Tissue using COMSOL Multiphysics” Article in Biophysics & Bioeng. dated 2011, 26 pages. |
| Kolin, A., et al., “Stimulation of Irritable Tissues by means of an Alternating Magnetic Field,” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 102:251-253, Blackwell Science, United States (Oct. 1959). |
| Korman, P., et al.,“Temperature Changes in Rheumatoid Hand Treated With Nitrogen Vapors and Cold Air,” Rheumatology International, 32(10):2987-2992, Springer International, Germany (Oct. 2012). |
| Kotz, Y., “Theory and Practice of Physical Culture,” Training of Skeletal Muscle With Method of Electrostimulation, 64-67 (Mar. 1971). |
| Kotz, Y., “Theory and Practice of Physical Culture,” Training of Skeletal Muscle With Method of Electrostimulation, 66-72 (Apr. 1971). |
| Krueger, N. et al., “Safety and Efficacy of a New Device Combining Radiofrequency and Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields for the Treatment of Facial Rhytides,” Journal of Drugs in Dermatology 11(11):1306-1309, Physicians Continuing Education Corporation, United States (Nov. 2012). |
| Kumar, N. and Agnihotri, R.C., “Effect of Frequency and Amplitude of Fes Pulses on Muscle Fatigue During Toning of Muscles,” Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 67(4):288-290, (Apr. 2008). |
| Lampropoulou, S.I., et al., “Magnetic Versus Electrical Stimulation in the Interpolation Twitch Technique of Elbow Flexors,” Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11(4):709-718, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Turkey (Dec. 2012). |
| Langford, J. and McCarthy, P.W., “Randomised controlled clinical trial of magnet use in chronic low back pain; a pilot study,” Clinical Chiropractic 8(1):13-19, Elsevier (Mar. 2005). |
| Lee, P.B., et al., “Efficacy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Therapy for Chronic Lower Back Pain: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placeb-controlled Study,” The Journal of International Medical Research 34(2):160-167, Cambridge Medical Publications, England (Mar.-Apr. 2006). |
| Leitch, M., et al., “Intramuscular Stimulation of Tibialis Anterior in Human Subjects: The Effects of Discharge Variability on Force Production and Fatigue,” Physiological Reports 5(15):e13326, Wiley Periodicals, Inc., United States (Aug. 2017). |
| Leon-Salas, W.D., et al., “A Dual Mode Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Cell Stimulator Produces Acceleration of Myogenic Differentiation,” Recent Patents on Biotechnology 7(1):71-81, Bentham Science Publishers, United Arab Emirates (Apr. 2013). |
| Letter from Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Dec. 19, 2014, 7 pages. |
| Lin, V.W., et al., “Functional Magnetic Stimulation: A New Modality for Enhancing Systemic Fibrinolysis,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 80(5):545-550, W.B. Saunders, United States (May 1999). |
| Lin, V.W., et al., “Functional Magnetic Stimulation for Conditioning of Expiratory Muscles in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury.,” Archives of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation 82(2):162-166, W.B. Saunders, United States (Feb. 2001). |
| Lin, V.W., et al., “Functional Magnetic Stimulation for Restoring Cough in Patients With Tetraplegia,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79(5):517-522, W.B. Saunders, United States, (May 1998). |
| Lin, V.W., et al., “Functional Magnetic Stimulation of Expiratory Muscles: a Noninvasive and New Method for Restoring Cough,” Journal of Applied Physiology (1985), 84(4):1144-1150, American Physiological Society, United States, (Apr. 1998). |
| Lin, V.W., et al., “Functional Magnetic Stimulation of the Respiratory Muscles in Dogs,” Muscle & Nerve 21(8):1048-1057, John Wiley & Sons, United States (Aug. 1998). |
| Linehan, C., et al., Brainwave the Irish EpilepsyAssoication, “The Prevalence of Epilepsy in Ireland” Summary Report,pp. 1-8 (May 2009). |
| Lotz, B.P., et al., “Preferential Activation of Muscle Fibers with Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation of the Limb,” Muscle & Nerve, 12(8):636-639, John Wiley & Sons, United States (Aug. 1989). |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01402, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Sep. 13, 2021, 244 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01402, U.S. Pat. No. 10,821,295 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Sep. 13, 2021, 81 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01403, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Sep. 13, 2021, 243 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01403, U.S. Pat. No. 10,821,295 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Sep. 13, 2021, 84 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01404, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Sep. 13, 2021, 245 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01404, U.S. Pat. No. 10,124,187 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Sep. 13, 2021, 82 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01405, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Sep. 13, 2021, 247 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01405, U.S. Pat. No. 10,124,187 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Sep. 13, 2021, 86 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00126, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Nov. 10, 2021, 263 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00126, U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,576 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Nov. 10, 2021, 83 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00127, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Nov. 10, 2021, 269 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00127, U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,576 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Nov. 10, 2021, 84 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00451, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Jan. 24, 2022, 236 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00451, U.S. Pat. No. 10,806,943 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Jan. 24, 2022, 87 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00452, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Jan. 24, 2022, 229 pages. |
| Lumenis Be Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2022-00452, U.S. Pat. No. 10,806,943 Petition for Inter Partes Review, Jan. 24, 2022, 81 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01273, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 13, 2021, 225 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01273, U.S. Pat. No. 10,478,634, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 13, 2021, 70 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01275, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 5, 2021, 282 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01275, U.S. Pat. No. 10,632,321, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 5, 2021, 92 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01276, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 5, 2021, 241 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01276, U.S. Pat. No. 10,965,575, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 5, 2021, 79 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01278, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 13, 2021, 255 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01278, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,894, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 13, 2021, 85 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01279, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 5, 2021, 258 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01279, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,895, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 5, 2021, 88 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01280, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 13, 2021, 235 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01280, U.S. Pat. No. 10,478,634, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 13, 2021, 69 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01282, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 5, 2021, 267 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01282, U.S. Pat. No. 10,632,321, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 5, 2021, 89 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01283, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 5, 2021, 241 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01283, U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,575, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 5, 2021, 84 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01284, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 5, 2021, 279 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01284, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,895, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 5, 2021, 93 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01285, Declaration of Dr. Marom Bikson (EX1002), Aug. 13, 2021, 249 pages. |
| Lumenis Ltd. v. BTL Healthcare Technologies A.S., PTAB-IPR2021-01285, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,894, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Aug. 13, 2021, 79 pages. |
| Madariaga, V.B., et al., “[Magnetic Stimulation of the Quadriceps: Analysis of 2 Stimulators Used for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications],” Archivos De Bronconeumología, 43(7):411-417, Elsevier Espana, Spain, (Jul. 2007). |
| Maffiuletti, N.A., et al., “Activation of Human Plantar Flexor Muscles Increases After Electromyostimulation Training,” Journal of Applied Physiology 92(4):1383-1392, American Physiological Society, United States (Nov. 2001). |
| Maffiuletti, N.A., et al., “The Effects of Electromyostimulation Training and Basketball Practice on Muscle Strength and Jumping Ability,” International journal of sports medicine 21(6):437-443, Thieme, Germany (Aug. 2000). |
| Mag Venture, Magnetic Stimulation, Accessories Catalogue, Accessories Catalogue, 2011, 54 pages. |
| Magstim Company Limited, K051864 510(k) Summary, Magstim Rapid and Magstim Super Rapid, All pages (Dec. 2005). |
| Magstim Company US, LLC, K060847 510(k) Summary, Magstim Model 200-2 with Double 70mm Remote Coil, All pages (Sep. 2006). |
| Magstim Corporation US, K992911 510(k) Summary, Magstim Rapid, All pages (Jan. 2000). |
| MagVenture, MagPro® by MagVenture®, Versatility in Magnetic Stimulation, World Leading Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Systems, 2011, 6 Pages. |
| Man, W.D-C., et al., “Magnetic Stimulation for the Measurement of Respiratory and Skeletal Muscle Function,” The European Respiratory Journal 24(5):846-60, European Respiratory Society, England (2004). |
| Manstein, D., et al.,“Selective Cryolysis: A Novel Method of Non-Invasive Fat Removal,” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 40(9):595-604, Wiley-Liss, United States (Nov. 2008). |
| Mantis, The non-invasive solution that restores natural beauty, improves health, and offers a renewed psychophysical sense of balance, MR991 theramagnetic, 2020, 8 pages. |
| Mantis Theramagnetic Compact: the compact that guarantees utmost efficiency and maximum performance, theramagnetic, 2020, 8 pages. |
| Mantovani, A., et al., “Applications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Therapy in Pyschiatry,” Psychiatric Times 21(9), Intellisphere, 29 pages (Aug. 2004). |
| Marek Heinfarth, “Lipostar” dated Jan. 9, 2013, accessed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZurkn8iU_U, accessed on Dec. 15, 2021. |
| Markov, M.S., “Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy History, State of the Art and Future,” Environment Systems and Decisions 27(4):465-475, Springer (Dec. 2007). |
| MecoTec Freezing Technology, Presentation Cryoair Whole Body Cryotherapy Chambers, Germany, Jul. 2017, 52 Pages. |
| Medline, Body Temperature Norms, 2 pages (Year: 2019). |
| Mekawy et al., “Influence of Electro-lipolysis on Lipid Profile and Central Obesity in Obese Premenopausal Women” Bull. Fac. Ph. Th. Cairo Univ., vol. 17, No. (1), dated Jan. 2012, pp. 59-68. |
| Mettler J.A., et al., “Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation With Variable Intensity Preserves Torque,” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology 42:49-56, Oxford:Elsevier, England (Oct. 2018). |
| Mogyoros, I., et al., “Strength-Duration Properties of Human Peripheral Nerve,” Brain 119(Pt 2):439-447, Oxford University Press, England (Apr. 1996). |
| Moon, Chi-Woong“Study on the Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Effect of Adipocyte Decomposition” Final Report of a Middle-grade Researcher Support Project, Inje University, 2017. |
| Morrissey. M., “Electromyostimulation from a Clinical Perspective,” Sports Medicine 6(1):29-41, Springer International, New Zealand (Aug. 1988). |
| Mulholland, R.S., “Synergistic Multi-polar Radiofrequency and Pulsed Magnetic Fields in the Non-Invasive Treatment of Skin Laxity and Body Contouring,” 4 pages. |
| Mustafa, B., “Design and Construction of a Low Cost dsPIC Controller Based Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator TMS,” Journal of medical systems 34(1):15-24, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, United States (2010). |
| Nadler, S.F., et al.,“The Physiologic Basis and Clinical Applications of Cryotherapy and Thermotherapy for the Pain Practitioner,” Pain Physician, 7(3):395-399, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, United States (Jul. 2004). |
| Nassab, R.,“The Evidence Behind Noninvasive Body Contouring Devices,” Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 35(3):279-293, Oxford University Press, England (Mar. 2015). |
| National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Epilepsy Information Page, www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/epilepsy/epilepsy.htm, pp. 1-6 (Feb. 1, 2016). |
| Neotonus, Inc., K973096 510(k) Summary, Neotonus Model 1000 Muscle Stimulator System, All pages (Jun. 1998). |
| Neotonus, Inc., K973929 510(k) Summary and FDA Correspondence, Neotonus, All pages (May 1998). |
| Neuro Star, TMS Therapy, Bringing Hope to Patients with Depression, 2013, 6 Pages. |
| Neurosoft, Ivanovo, Since 1992, Magnetic Stimulator, NEURO-MS, Technical Manual, Neurosoft Ltd, Ivanovo, Russia, 2006, 67 Pages. |
| Nexstim NBS System, Navigated Brain Stimulation, Noninvasive, direct cortical mapping, 2012, 5 Pages. |
| Neyroud, D., et al., “Comparison of Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Magnetic Nerve Stimulation to Assess the Neuromuscular Function of the Plantar Flexor Muscles,” European journal of applied physiology 115(7):1429-1439, Springer-Verlag, Germany (2015). |
| Nielsen, J.F., et al., “A New High-frequency Magnetic Stimulator With an Oil-cooled Coil,” Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 12(5):460-467, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, United States (Sep. 1995). |
| Non Final Office Action dated Jun. 23, 2017, in U.S. Appl. No. 15/473,390, Schwarz, T., et al., filed Mar. 29, 2017. |
| Novickij, V., et al., “Compact Microsecond Pulsed Magnetic Field Generator for Application in Bioelectronics,” Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 19(8):25-28 (Oct. 2013). |
| Novickij, V., et al., “Design and Optimization of Pulsed Magnetic Field Generator for Cell Magneto-Permeabilization,” Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika(Electronics and Electrical Engineering) 23(2):21-25 (Apr. 2017). |
| Novickij, V., et al., “Magneto-Permeabilization of Viable Cell Membrane Using High Pulsed Magnetic Field,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51(9), All pages (Sep. 2015). |
| Novickij, V., et al., “Programmable Pulsed Magnetic Field System for Biological Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50(11):5 (Nov. 2014). |
| NPF Electroapparat, Amplipulse-5Br Manual, allegedly accessed on Nov. 18, 2020, All pages. |
| Nuerosoft Ltd., “Neurosoft—Neuro-MS Transcranial Magnetic Simulator Technical Manual,” All pages (Nov. 2014). |
| Obsluze, N.K.,Usage Instructions, User's Manual, Device for high-induction magnetic stimulation of type designation:Saluter Moti, 2016,88 Pages. |
| Oliveira, P.De., et al., “Neuromuscular Fatigue After Low- and Medium-frequency Electrical Stimulation in Healthy Adults,” Muscle & Nerve 58(2):293-299, John Wiley & Sons, United States (Aug. 2018). |
| Operating Manual: Magstim ® 2002, P/N 3001-23-04, The Magstim Company Limited, Mar. 18, 2005, 34 pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim D702 Coil, MOP06-EN, Revision 01, The Magstim Company Limited, Feb. 2012, 14 Pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim Magstim 2002, MOP01-EN, Revision 01, The Magstim Company Limited, Sep. 2011, 25 Pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim, Magstim Alpha Coil Range, MOP11-EN, Revision 01, Oct. 2012, 18 Pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim, Magstim Bistim2, MOP02-EN, Revision, The Magstim Company Limited, Sep. 1, 2011, 27 Pages. |
| Operating Manual, Magstim, Model 200, P/N 3001-01, Double 70mm, Remote Coil, P/N 3190-00, The Magstim Company Limited, 2006, 32 pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim R, 2nd, Generation Coil Family, 3100-23-02, Magstim Coils, The Magstim Company Limited, Nov. 2002, 14 Pages. |
| Operating Manual, Magstim R Air-Cooled Double 70mm Coil System, 1600-23-04, The Magstim Company Limited, 1999, 18 Pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim R, Bistim System, P/N 3234-23-01, The Magstim Company Limited, Nov. 2004, 30 Pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim R, Coils & Accessories, 1623-23-07, Magstim Coils & Accessories, May 2010, 24 Pages. |
| Operating Manual: Magstim, RAPID2, P/N 3576-23-09, The Magstim Company LTD, Nov. 2009, 61 Pages. |
| Operator's Manual: BTL Emsculpt, BTL Industries Ltd, United Kingdom, 2018, 35 pages. |
| Operator's Manual: BTL, HPM-6000U, BTL Industries Ltd, United Kingdom, Dec. 2016, 36 pages. |
| Otte, J.S., et al.,“Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Thickness Alters Cooling Time During Cryotherapy,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83(11):1501-1505, W.B. Saunders, United States (Nov. 2002). |
| Pain Management Technologies, “Pain Management Technologies Product Catalog,” (2012). |
| Papimi, For Scientific Research, Pap Ion Magnetic Inductor, Presentation, Magnetotherapeutic Device, Nov. 2009, 61 Pages. |
| Periso SA, CTU mega Diamagnetic Pump 20: Device for Diamagnetic Therapy, CTU Mega 20 Manual, dated Aug. 28, 2019, 44 pages, Pazzallo Switzerland. |
| Photograph, Alleged Photograph of Components of a Salus Talent Pop Double Device with an Alleged Manufacture date of Nov. 14, 2012, 1 page. |
| Physiomed, MAG-Expert, Physiomed Manual, Dec. 19, 2012. |
| Platil, A., “Magnetopneumography Using Optical Position Reference,” Sensor Letters 11(1):69-73, ResearchGate (2013). |
| Podebradsky.K., et al., Clinical study of high-inductive electromagnetic stimulator SALUS talent, 2010, 8 pages. |
| Pohanka, J., et al., “An Embedded Stereovision System: Aspects of Measurement Precision,” 12th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference, pp. 157-160 (Oct. 2010). |
| Polk, C., “Therapeutic Applications of Low-Frequency Sinusoidal and Pulsed Electric and Magnetic Fields,” The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, vol. 1, 2000, Second edition, CRC Press LLC, pp. 1625-1636. |
| Polkey M.I., et al., “Functional Magnetic Stimulation of the Abdominal Muscles in Humans,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 160(2):513-522, American Thoracic Society, United States (Aug. 1999). |
| Polkey, M.I., et al., “Quadriceps Strength and Fatigue Assessed by Magnetic Stimulation of the Femoral Nerve in Man,” Muscle Nerve 19(5):549-555, John Wiley & Sons, United States, (May 1996). |
| Pollegen, K200545, Legend Pro DMA, Indications for use, dated Oct. 20, 2021,11 pages. |
| Pollogen, Maximus Non-invasive body shaping System, User Manual, dated May 1, 2012, 44 pages. |
| Pollogen, TriFractional FAQs, User Manual, dated Aug. 2011, 4 pages. |
| Pollogen, TriLipo MED Procedure, Brochure, dated Apr. 7, 2021, 76 pages. |
| Porcari, J.P., et al., “Effects of Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Appearance,” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Reasearch 16(2):165-172, Human Kinetics Pub., United States (May 2002). |
| Porcari, J.P., et al., “The Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training on Abdominal Strength, Endurance, and Selected Anthropometric Measures,” Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 4(1):66-75, Dept. of Sports Medicine, Turkey (Mar. 2005). |
| Pribula, O. and Fischer, J., “Real Time Precise Position Measurement Based on Low-Cost CMOS Image Sensor,” IEEE, 5 pages (2011). |
| Pribula, O., et al., “cost-effective Image Acquisition System for Precise Pc-based Measurements,” Przeglad Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Review), 259-263, 2011. |
| Pribula, O., et al., “Optical Position Sensor Based on Digital Image Processing: Magnetic Field Mapping Improvement,” Radioengineering 20 (1):55-60, (Apr. 2011). |
| Pribula, O., et al., “Real-Time Video Sequences Matching Spatio-Temporal Fingerprint,” IEEE, 911-916 (Jun. 2010). |
| Prouza, O., et al., “High-Intensity Electromagnetic Stimulation Can Reduce Spasticity in PostStroke Patients,” International Journal of Physiotherapy 5(3):87-91 (2018). |
| Prouza, O., “Ex-Post Analyza Spot Rebnich Dani,” All pages, (2008). |
| Prouza, O., “Targeted Radiofrequency Therapy for Training Induced Muscle Fatigue—Effective or Not?,” International Journal of Physiotherapy 3(6):707-710 (Dec. 2016). |
| PTAB-IPR2021-00296, U.S. Pat. No. 10,493,293, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 117 pages. |
| PTAB-IPR2021-00312, U.S. Pat. No. 10,478,634, Petition for Inter Partes Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 108 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00015, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,895, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 140 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00016, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,895, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 144 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00017, U.S. Pat. No. 10,632,321, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 121 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00018, U.S. Pat. No. 10,632,321, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 140 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00020, U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,575, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 112 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00021, U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,575, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 117 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00022, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,894, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 119 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00023, U.S. Pat. No. 10,709,894, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 136 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00024, U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,576, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 136 pages. |
| PTAB-PGR2021-00025, U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,576, Petition for Post-Grant Review, Dec. 14, 2020, 135 pages. |
| Publication of Medical Device Manufacturing Approval of Salus-TALENT-Pro, approval date Mar. 11, 2014, 39 pages. |
| Quick Start Manuals, Magstim Super Rapid Plus Quick Start, Aalto TMS Laboratory, Aalto School of Science, 2013, 7 Pages. |
| Radakovic T. and Radakovic N., “The Effectiveness of the Functional Magnetic Stimulation Therapy in Treating Sciatica Syndrome,” Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 3(3):63-69 (2015). |
| Reaction User Manual, Viora, Doc No. MK-004 A, 2008, 53 Pages. |
| Reshaping the Future of Your Practice, Cool sculpting, a Revolution in Aesthetic Fat Reduction, 2011, 10 Pages. |
| Riehl., M., “Chapters: TMS Stimulator Design” The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation, Wasserman, E.M., ed., pp. 13-23, Oxford University Press, 26 pages, United Kingdom (2008). |
| Roots, H., and Ranatunga, K.W., “An Analysis of the Temperature Dependence of Force, During Steady Shortening at Different Velocities, in (Mammalian) Fast Muscle Fibres,” Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 29(1):9-24, Springer, Netherlands (Jun. 2008). |
| Ruiz-Esparza, J. and J. Barba Gomez., “The Medical Face Lift: A Noninvasive, Nonsurgical Approach to Tissue Tightening in Facial Skin Using Nonablative Radiofrequency,” Dermatologic Surgery 29(4):325-332, Williams & Wilkins, United States (Apr. 2003). |
| Russian excerpt of Werner, R., Magnetotherapy, Pulsating energy resonance therapy, 41-67 (Jun. 2007). |
| Rutkove, S., “Effects of Temperature on Neuromuscular Electrophysiology,” Muscle & Nerve 24(7):867-882, John Wiley & Sons, United States (Jul. 2001). |
| Salus Talent Pop, The first sales bill, Authorization No. 20120221-41000096-66667961, 2 pages, (Feb. 2012). |
| Salus, Talent Pro, The Birth of Salus Talent Pro inspired by 10 Years of Experience, Specification, Rehabilitation Medical Company, Slimon, 2 pages. |
| Salus Talent-A, Remed, User Guide, High Intensity Electro Magnetic Field Therapy, 2017, 37 pages. |
| Sargeant, A.J., “Effect of Muscle Temperature on Leg Extension Force and Short-term Power Output in Humans,” European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 56(6):693-698, Springer Verlag, Germany (Sep. 1987). |
| Schaefer, D.J., et al., “Review of Patient Safety in Time-Varying Gradient Fields,” Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12:20-29, Wiley-Liss, United States (Jul. 2000). |
| Shimada, Y., et al., “Effects of therapeutic magnetic stimulation on acute muscle atrophy in rats after hindlimb suspension,” Biomedical Research 27(1):23-27, Biomedical Research Foundation, Japan (Feb. 2006). |
| Silinskas, V., et al., “Effect of Electrical Myostimulation on the Function of Lower Leg Muscles,” Journal of strength and Conditioning Research 31(6):1577-1584, Human Kinetics Pub, United States (2017). |
| Sport-Elec S.A., K061914 510(k) Summary, Sport- Elec, All pages (Jul. 2007). |
| Sport-Elec S.A., K081026 510(k) Summary, Sport- Elec, All pages (Nov. 2008). |
| Stallknecht, B., et al., “Are Blood Flow and Lipolysis in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Influenced by Contractions in Adject Muscles in Humans?,” American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 292(2):E394-E399, American Physiological Society, United States (Feb. 2007). |
| Starbelle, PEMF Shape, Webpage, dated Feb. 10, 2020, 3 pages, available at http://www.starbelle.cn/info/PEMFShape.html. |
| Stedman, T.L., “Aponeurosis—Apparatus,” in Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 27th Edition, Pugh, M.B., ed., pp. 113-114, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD (2000). |
| Stevens, J.E., et al., “Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Quadriceps Muscle Strengthening After Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Series,” Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 34(1):21-29, Williams and Wilkins, United States (Jan. 2004). |
| Struppler, A., et al., “Facilitation of Skilled Finger Movements by Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation (RPMS)—A New Approach In Central Paresis.,” NeuroRehabilitation 18(1):69-82, IOS Press, Amsterdam (2003). |
| Struppler, A., et al., “Modulatory Effect of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle Tone in Healthy Subjects: Stabilization of the Elbow Joint,” Experimental Brain Research 157(1):59-66, Springer Verlag, Germany (Feb. 2004). |
| Suarez-Bagnasco, D., et al., “The Excitation Functional for Magnetic Stimulation of Fibers.,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Annual International Conference, 2010:4829-4833, IEEE, United States (2010). |
| Swallow, E.B., et al., “A Novel Technique for Nonvolitional Assessment of Quadriceps Muscle Endurance in Humans,” Journal of Applied Physiology 103(3):739-746, American Physiological Society, United States (Sep. 2007). |
| Szecsi, J., et al., “A Comparison of Functional Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation for Propelled Cycling of Paretic Patients,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 90(4):564-570, W.B. Saunders, United States, (Apr. 2009). |
| Szecsi, J., et al., “Force-pain Relationship in Functional Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation of Subjects With Paresis and Preserved Sensation,” Clinical Neurophysiology 121(9):1589-1597, Elsevier, Netherlands, (Sep. 2010). |
| Taylor, J.L, “Magnetic Muscle Stimulation Produces Fatigue Without Effort,” Journal of Applied Physiology (1985) 103(3):733-734, American Physiological Society, United States, (Sep. 2007). |
| Tesla Stym, Iskra Medical, Tone the inner muscle with FMS Functional Magnetic Stimulation, 2013, 4 pages. |
| The Burn Centre Care, Education, 3 pages, printed from internet Nov. 13, 2017. |
| The Magstim Company Ltd, K080499 510(k) Summary, Magstim Double 70mm Air Film Coil, All pages (Dec. 2008). |
| The Magstim Company Ltd., K130403 510(k) Summary, Magstim D702 coil, All pages (Aug. 2013). |
| Thermi Launches Arvati, powered by Thermi, with newest advances in True Temperature Controlled Radiofrequency Technology, 5 pages (2018). |
| Thompson, M.T., “Inductance Calculation Techniques—Part II: Approxmiations and Handbook Methods,” Power Control and Intelligent Motion, 11 pages (Dec. 1999) http://www.pcim.com/. |
| Thompson, M.T., “Inductance Calculation Techniques—Part II: Classical Methods,” Power Control and Intelligent Motion, 25(12):40-45, (Dec. 1999) http://www.pcim.com/. |
| Tomek, J., et al., “Magnetopneumography—Incorporation of optical position reference,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, All pages (2012). |
| Torbergsen, T., “Abstracts of the International Course and Symposium in Single Fibre EMG and Quantitative EMG Analysis. Tromsø, Norway, Jun. 4-8, 1984,” Muscle & Nerve 9(6):562-574, John Wiley & Sons, United States (Jul.-Aug. 1986). |
| TSEM Med Swiss SA, Diamagnetic Therapy: A Revolutionary Therapy, CTU Mega 20 Catalogue, dated 2016, 24 pages, Lugano Switzerland. |
| Turley, J., “Agilent Technologies Announces 30 MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generators with Unparalleled Signal Accuracy,” Elec. Eng'g J., URL: (Aug. 4, 2010), 8 pages. |
| Ultra Slim Professional, The very best body Contouring, Wardphotonics LLC, 2018, 16 pages. |
| U.S. Appl. No. 60/848,720, inventor Burnett, D., filed Sep. 30, 2006 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/331,060, inventor Schwarz, T., filed May 3, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/331,072, inventor Schwarz, T., filed May 3, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/331,088, inventor Schwarz, T., filed May 3, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/333,666, inventor Schwarz, T., filed May 9, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/351,156, inventor Schwarz, T., filed Jun. 16, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/357,679, inventor Schwarz, T., filed Jul. 1, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/440,905, inventors Schwarz, T. et al., filed Dec. 30, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/440,912, inventors Schwarz, T. et al., filed Dec. 30, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/440,922, inventor Schwarz, T., filed Dec. 30, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/440,936, inventor Schwarz, T., filed Dec. 30, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/440,940, inventor Schwarz, T., filed Dec. 30, 2016 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/441,805, inventor Prouza, O., filed Jan. 3, 2017 (Not Published). |
| U.S. Appl. No. 62/786,731, inventor Schwarz, T., filed Dec. 31, 2018 (Not Published). |
| User Guide: Mag Venture, Magpro family, MagPro R30, MagPro R30 with MagOption, MagPro X100, MagPro X100 with MagOption, MagPro software v.5.0, US-edition, MagPro family User Guide, 2010, 52 Pages. |
| User Guide, Salus Talent Pro, REMED, High Intensity Electro magnetic Field Therapy—2 Channel, 2017, Version M-1.0.0, 45 pages. |
| User Guide, Salus Talent, REMED, High Intensity Electro magnetic Field Therapy, Version. M-1.0.0, 2017, 40 pages. |
| User's Manual: BTL-6000, Super Inductive System Elite, BBTL Industries Ltd, United Kingdom, Sep. 2016, 36 pages. |
| User Manual: Electro-magnetic Stimulator, SALUS-TALENT, Version 1.00, Rehabilitation Medical Company,2013, 34 Pages. |
| User Manual: Regenetron PRO, System Information, Regenetron PRO User Manual, Nov. 2014, 7 Pages. |
| Vance, C., et al., “Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain, Pain Sensitivity, and Function in People with Knee Osteoarthritis,” Physical Therapy 92:898-910 (2012). |
| Vanquish Operator's Manual, BTL, 2012, 48 Pages. |
| Venus Concept Ltd., VenusFreeze MP2, User Manual, dated Jun. 2012, 46 pages. |
| Venus Concept Ltd., VenusViva, User Manual, dated Aug. 2013, 51 pages. |
| Venus Legacy, Featuring LiftFX and SculptFX, Venus Concept, Delivering the Promise, 24 pages. |
| Venus Legacy, User Manual International, 2009, Venus Concept, 49 pages. |
| Verges S., et al., “Comparison of Electrical and Magnetic Stimulations to Assess Quadriceps Muscle Function,” Journal of Applied Physiology (1985) 106(2):701-710, American Physiological Society, United States, (Feb. 2009). |
| Wada, K., et al., “Design and Implementation of Multi-Frequency Magnetic Field Generator Producing Sinusoidal Current Waveform for Biological Researches,” IEEE, 9 pages (2016). |
| Wanitphakdeedecha, R., et al., “Treatment of Abdominal Cellulite and Circumference Reduction With Radiofrequency and Dynamic Muscle Activation” Article in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, dated Apr. 6, 2015, 7 pages. |
| Ward, A.R. and Shkuratova, N., “Russian Electrical Stimulation: The Early Experiments,” Physical therapy 82(10):1019-1030, Oxford University Press, United States (2002). |
| Wasilewski, M.L., Academy of Aesthetic and Anti-Aging Medicine, Application of magnetic fields with deep stimulation in the fight against local obesity of lower limbs, BTL, 2012, 4 pages. |
| Web MD, what is normal body temperature? 3 pages, printed Mar. 4, 2019. |
| Weight to volume aluminum, 2 pages, printed from internet Sep. 25, 2018. |
| Weight to volume copper, 2 pages printed from internet Sep. 25, 2018. |
| Weiss, R.A., et al., “Induction of Fat Apoptosis by a Non-Thermal Device: Mechanism of Action of Non-Invasive High-Intensity Electromagnetic Technology in a Porcine Model,” Lasers in surgery and medicine 51(1):47-53, Wiley-Liss, United States (Jan. 2019). |
| Weng, O., “Electromagnetic Activation of the Calf Muscle Pump,” UMI Dissertation Publishing (2014). |
| Weyh, T., et al., “Marked Differences in the Thermal Characteristics of Figure-of-eight Shaped Coils Used for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,” Clinical Neurophysiology 116(6):1477-1486, Elsevier, Netherlands (Mar. 2005). |
| Woehrle, J., et al., “Dry Needling and its Use in Health Care—A Treatment Modality and Adjunct for Pain Management,” Journal of Pain & Relief 4(5):1-3, (Aug. 2015). |
| Yacyshy, A.F., et al., “The Inclusion of Interstimulus Interval Variability Does Not Mitigate Electrically-evoked Fatigue of the Knee Extensors,” European Journal of Applied Physiology 120(12):2649-2656, Springer-Verlag, Germany (Sep. 2020). |
| Zao Okb Ritm, Electroneurostimulants, Transdermal Scenar-NT Instructions, All Pages (Nov. 2013). |
| Zao Okb Ritm, Percutaneous Electrical Stimulators With Individual Biofeedback Dosing Impact on Reflex Zones, All pages (2017). |
| Zelickson, B., et al.,“Cryolipolysis for Noninvasive Fat Cell Destruction: Initial Results From a Pig Model,” Dermatologic Surgery 35(10):1462-1470, Hagerstown, MD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, United States (Oct. 2009). |
| ZELTIQ System User Manual—Print and Binding Specifications, ZELTIQ Aesthetics, Inc, Mar. 2011, 88 pages. |
| Zerona R-Z6 by Erchonia, Specifications,Retrieved from the Internet: (www.myzerona.com), 2015, 1 page. |
| Zhang, G., et al., “A Method of Nerve Electrical Stimulation by Magnetic Induction,” Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2009:622-625, IEEE, United States (2009). |
| Zhi-De, D., “Electromagnetic Field Modeling of Transcranial Electric and Magnetic Stimulation: Targeting, Individualization, and Safety of Convulsive and Subconvulsive Applications,” Academic Commons (2013). |
| Zhu, Y. et al., “Magnetic Stimulation of Muscle Evokes Cerebral Potentials by Direct Activation of Nerve Afferents: A Study During Muscle Paralysis,” Muscle & Nerve 19(12):1570-1575, John Wiley & Sons, United Sates (Dec. 1996). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220280805 A1 | Sep 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62440922 | Dec 2016 | US | |
| 62440905 | Dec 2016 | US | |
| 62357679 | Jul 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16827330 | Mar 2020 | US |
| Child | 17752334 | US | |
| Parent | 15601719 | May 2017 | US |
| Child | 16827330 | US |
