This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 110114525, filed on Apr. 22, 2021. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.
The disclosure relates to an antenna module, and particularly, to a millimeter wave antenna module.
The application of the millimeter wave (mmWave) band n257 of the fifth generation mobile communication (5G) covering 26.5-29.5 GHz is called 28 GHz millimeter wave, and the application of the band n260 covering 37-40 GHz is called 39 GHz millimeter wave. Currently, how to design a millimeter wave antenna with the characteristics of a dual-polarized antenna is the current research direction.
The disclosure provides an antenna module with the characteristics of a dual-polarized antenna.
An antenna module of the disclosure is disposed on a substrate, and the substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The antenna module includes a microstrip line, a first radiator, a ground radiator, and a ground plane. The microstrip line is disposed on the first surface of the substrate and includes a first end and a second end opposite to each other. The first end is a first feeding end. The first radiator is disposed on the first surface of the substrate and connected to the second end of the microstrip line. The ground radiator is disposed on the first surface of the substrate and surrounds the microstrip line and the first radiator. The ground radiator includes a first opening and two opposite grounding ends corresponding to the first opening, the first end of the microstrip line is located in the first opening, and a gap is formed between each of the two grounding ends and the first feeding end. The ground plane is disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The ground radiator is connected to the ground plane.
In summary, the microstrip line of the antenna module of the disclosure includes the first feeding end, and the first radiator is connected to the second end of the microstrip line. The ground radiator surrounds the microstrip line and the first radiator. The two grounding ends of the ground radiator correspond to the first opening. The first end of the microstrip line is located in the first opening. A gap is formed between each grounding end and the first feeding end. The microstrip line, the first radiator, and the ground radiator are disposed on the first surface of the substrate, and the ground plane is disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The ground radiator is connected to the ground plane. With the design, the antenna module of the disclosure may have the characteristics of a dual-polarized antenna.
The microstrip line 110 (positions A1 to A3) includes a first end 112 and a second end 114 opposite to each other. The first end 112 includes a first feeding end (the position A1). A width W1 of the microstrip line 110 is between 0.04 times and 0.06 times the wavelength of the frequency band, in which the antenna module 100 resonates at the frequency band. In the embodiment, the said frequency band is 24 GHz, for example, and the width W1 of the microstrip line 110 is about 0.54 mm.
The first radiator 120 is connected to the second end 114 of the microstrip line 110. In the embodiment, a shape of the first radiator 120 is rhombic. In other embodiments, the first radiator 120 may also be of other symmetrical shapes, such as circular or trapezoidal, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.
A side length L1 of the first radiator 120 is a quarter of wavelength of the frequency band, in which the antenna module 100 resonates at the frequency band. In the embodiment, the said frequency band is 24 GHz, for example, and the side length L1 of the first radiator 120 is approximately 2.97 mm. A distance L2 from a center O of the first radiator 120 to the left, right, or upper end is about 2.1 mm.
In addition, the first radiator 120 includes a recess portion 122, and the second end 114 of the microstrip line 110 is connected to the recess portion 122. The width of the recess portion 122 is greater than the width of the second end 114 of the microstrip line 110. The second end 114 of the microstrip line 110 is located in the recess portion 122. Two slots 124 are formed between opposite sides of the microstrip line 110 and the inner edge of the recess portion 122 of the first radiator 120.
The slot 124 is used to adjust 28 GHz impedance matching. According to
A ground radiator 130 (positions G1, G2, G3, G3, G2, G1) surrounds the microstrip line 110 and the first radiator 120. A minimum distance L5 between each of the three ends (upper end, left end, right end) of the first radiator 120 away from the microstrip line 110 and the ground radiator 130 is greater than or equal to one-eighth of the wavelength of the frequency band, in which the antenna module 100 resonates at the frequency band. If multiple antenna modules 100 are disposed in an array (as shown in
A shape of the ground radiator 130 is a hollow rectangle including a first opening 132. A maximum length L6 of the ground radiator 130 in the Y direction is about 8 mm, and a maximum length L7 of the ground radiator 130 in the X direction is about 8.8 mm. The width W2 of the ground radiator 130 is between 0.05 times and 0.08 times the wavelength of the frequency band. In the embodiment, the said frequency band is 24 GHz, for example, and the width W2 of the ground radiator 130 is 0.8 mm.
The first radiator 120 is located in the ground radiator 130, and the first radiator 120 and the hollow rectangular ground radiator 130 have the same center O. A shortest distance L8 from the center O to the ground radiator 130 at the positions G2 and G3 is about 3.6 mm.
In addition, the ground radiator 130 includes two opposite grounding ends (the position G1) corresponding to the first opening 132, and the first opening 132 is located between the two grounding ends (the position G1). The first end 112 of the microstrip line 110, that is, the first feeding end (the position A1), is located in the first opening 132. In other words, the two grounding points (the position G1) are located on opposite sides of the first feeding end (the position A1). In the embodiment, a gap S1 is formed between the grounding end (the position G1) and the first feeding end (the position A1). The width of the gap S1 is between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.
In addition, a shortest distance L9 (the distance from the position A4 to the position G1) between the first radiator 120 and the grounding end (the position G1) is between 0.12 to 0.14 wavelengths of the frequency band, in which the antenna module 100 resonates at the frequency band. In the embodiment, the said frequency band is 24 GHz, for example, and the shortest distance L9 is about 1.45 mm.
In the embodiment, the microstrip line 110, the first radiator 120, and the ground radiator 130 are coplanar to form a coplanar waveguide antenna structure. The ground plane 140 is located below the microstrip line 110, the first radiator 120, and the ground radiator 130. In the embodiment, a maximum length L10 of the ground plane 140 in the Y direction is about 9 mm, and a maximum length L11 of the first radiator 120 in the X direction is about 10 mm, but it is not limited thereto. According to
In addition, the ground radiator 130 may be connected to the ground plane 140 through multiple conducting elements 150 to form a differential loop ground structure. In the embodiment, the conducting elements 150 are disposed at the positions G1, G2, and G3.
In addition, through simulation, the peak gain of a single antenna module 100 as shown in
In addition, in the antenna modules 100 of the 1×2 array and the antenna modules 100 of the 1×4 array, the differential loop structure may allow the isolation between two adjacent antenna modules 100 to have performance of below −25 dB, such that the said antenna arrays achieve good performance.
The ground radiator 130 further includes a second opening 134 away from the first opening 132 to divide the ground radiator 130 into the two ground radiators 130a. The second radiator 160 (including positions B1(+), B2, B2, B1(−)) is disposed on the first surface 14 (
The third radiator 170 (including position C1 and position C2) is disposed on the first surface 14 (
In the embodiment, the two ground radiators 130a of the antenna module 100a are L-shaped and a mirrored L-shape respectively, symmetrically located beside the microstrip line 110 and the first radiator 120, and an upper side of the first radiator 120 is exposed. The two connecting radiators 180 are located at the second opening 134 and on both sides of the second radiator 160 to connect the two ends of the second radiator 160 to the two ground radiators 130a.
The length of each connecting radiator 180 is about 1.5 times to 2 times the wavelength of the frequency band, in which the antenna module 100a resonates at the frequency band. In the embodiment, the said frequency band is 24 GHz, for example, a distance L15 between the position B2 and a position B3 is about 0.7 mm, a distance L16 between the position B3 and a position B4 is about 1.44 mm, a distance L17 between the position B4 and a position B5 is about 1.32 mm, and a distance L18 between the position B5 and the position B6 is about 1.47 mm. The length of the connecting radiator 180 is approximately the sum of the distance L15 to the distance L18.
The two ground radiators 130a, the second radiator 160, and the two connecting radiators 180 together surround the first radiator 120. The two connecting radiators 180 have multiple bends, so that the second radiator 160 and the two connecting radiators 180 together form a notch 182, and the third radiator 170 is located in the notch 182. According to
In the antenna module 100a of the embodiment, the second radiator 160 is connected to the ground plane 140 through the two connecting radiators 180, the two ground radiators 130a, the conducting elements 150, and along with the third radiator 170 together to form a deformed Yagi antenna architecture. In other words, the antenna module 100a uses a coplanar waveguide antenna structure (the structure formed by the microstrip line 110, the first radiator 120, and the two ground radiators 130a) and the deformed Yagi antenna structure to form a millimeter wave multi-polarized dual antenna architecture.
Referring to
Specifically, the coplanar waveguide antenna structure (the structure formed by the microstrip line 110, the first radiator 120, and the two ground radiators 130a) may take into account the coverage of both XZ and YZ plane polarization radiation in the Z axis, and the deformed Yagi antenna structure (the structure formed by the second radiator 160, the two connecting radiators 180, the two ground radiators 130a, and the third radiator 170) may take into account the coverage of both ZY and XY plane polarization radiation in the Y axis, so the antenna module 100a may use the coplanar waveguide antenna structure and the deformed Yagi antenna structure to achieve the characteristics of MIMO multiple antennas, and the transmission rate of the user may be increased or improved through the multi-polarized dual-antenna design structure. In addition, the antenna module 100a overcomes the difficulty in the conventional architecture that two antennas with different polarization directions are difficult to be designed on the same plane.
In summary, the microstrip line of the antenna module of the disclosure includes the first feeding end, and the first radiator is connected to the second end of the microstrip line. The ground radiator surrounds the microstrip line and the first radiator. The two grounding ends of the ground radiator correspond to the first opening. The first end of the microstrip line is located in the first opening. A gap is formed between each grounding end and the first feeding end. The microstrip line, the first radiator, and the ground radiator are disposed on the first surface of the substrate, and the ground plane is disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The ground radiator is connected to the ground plane. With the design, the antenna module of the disclosure may have the characteristics of a dual-polarized antenna.
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