Patent Grant
11479612
This is the U.S. National Phase Application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/KR2018/006182, filed May 30, 2018, which claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2017-0067106 filed May 30, 2017 and 10-2018-0061888, filed May 30, 2018, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. The International Application was published in Korean on Dec. 6, 2018 as WO2018/221969 A1 under PCI Article 21(3).
The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Mar. 20, 2020, is named 45695_0009US1_ST25.txt and is 195 KB (199,840 bytes) in size.
The present invention relates to an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof, specifically binding to a human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), and a composition for preventing or treating cancer comprising the same.
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) act as a vital modulator in cell growth, differentiation, neovascularization, tissue recovery, etc. Besides such general physiological processes, an abnormal expression of a certain RTK is associated with the development and progression of many kinds of cancer. Thus, such RTK has been considered as a promising drug target for cancer treatment.
A hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR; c-Met), which is a kind of the RTK, is a receptor on the surface of cells with regard to hepatocyte growth factor known as a scatter factor (HGF/SF) (Laird A D et al., Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 12: 51-64 (2003)). An abnormal c-Met activation by HGF, which is one of the representative oncogenic mechanisms, is known to be associated with tumor proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, neovascularization, invasion, metastasis and the like (Bottaro D P et al., Science 251: 802-804 (1991), Day R M et al., Oncogene 18: 3399-3406 (1999)). And also, it is reported that the abnormal c-Met activation by c-Met mutation and amplification is associated with various cancers such as lung cancer, colon cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, etc., and is also involved in an increase in tumor aggressiveness and its unfavorable prognosis (Lefebvre J et al., FASEB J 26: 1387-1399 (2012), Liu X et al., Trends Mol Med 16: 37-45 (2010), Smolen G A et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 2316-2321 (2006), Foveau B et al., Mol Biol Cell 20: 2495-2507 (2009)).
Thus, c-Met has drawn much attention as a target antigen for treating such various cancers and various approaches have been made to inhibit the expression and activity of c-Met. As a c-Met-specific small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which has been known so far, there are Tivantinib (ArQule), INC280 (Novatis), AMG337 (Amgen), etc. And, Rilotumumab (Amgen), Ficlatuzumab (AVEP Pharmaceuticals), HuL2G7 (Galaxy Biotech), etc., have been developed as an HGF-specific monoclonal antibody, which is a ligand of c-Met. Also, as an antagonist monoclonal antibody, which targets c-Met, there are Onartuzumab (WO 2006/015371) in clinical phase III of development by Genentech, Emibetuzumab (WO 2010/059654) in clinical phase II by Lilly, SAIT301 (US 2014154251) in clinical phase I of development, ABT-700 (Wang J et al., BMC Cancer. 16: 105-118(2016)), etc. Onartuzumab is a monovalent antagonistic antibody derived from a bivalent monoclonal antibody (5D5), which acts on c-Met as an agent (Mark Merchant, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110(32): E2987-E299 (2013)). As such, various drugs have been developed with regard to c-Met, but c-Met is associated with the occurrence and progression of various cancers as described above, thus it is constantly driving a continuous demand for developing a new therapeutic agent capable of treating cancer by targeting c-Met.
The present inventors have developed a novel anti-c-Met antibody binding to c-Met with a high affinity and have also identified that such anti-c-Met antibody, a chimera thereof and humanized and affinity-optimized antibodies remarkably inhibit a proliferation of tumor cells and have an excellent anticancer effect, thus having completed the present invention.
One objective of the present invention is to provide an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met).
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof, an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule, a host cell having the expression vector introduced therein, a method for producing an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof using the host cell.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a composition for detecting c-Met comprising the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof, a kit for detection comprising the same, and a method for detecting a c-Met antigen using the same.
Still yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a composition for preventing or treating cancer comprising the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof.
The antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention that specifically binds to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), has a novel sequence, and shows an excellent cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activity and a remarkably excellent anticancer activity even by a little amount thereof, thus effectively preventing or treating the disease such as cancer.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail as follows. Meanwhile, each description and embodiment disclosed in the present invention may be applied to other descriptions and embodiments respectively as well. In other words, all the combinations of various elements disclosed in the present invention are within the scope of the present invention. Also, the scope of the present invention may not be restricted by the detailed descriptions below.
To achieve the objectives above, one aspect of the present invention provides an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met).
The antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention, specifically binding to c-Met, binds to c-Met with a high affinity to inhibit an expression or activity thereof, thus showing an excellent tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity, such that the antibody alone or with conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, other anticancer drugs, anticancer adjuvants, etc. may be valuably used as an anticancer composition for preventing or treating cancer.
In the present invention, the term “antibody” means a protein molecule serving as a receptor for specifically recognizing an antigen, comprising an immunoglobulin molecule immunologically having reactivity with a certain antigen, wherein examples thereof may comprise a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a full-length antibody and antibody fragments all. Also, the term may comprise a bivalent or bispecific molecule (e.g., a bispecific antibody), a diabody, a triabody or a tetrabody.
In the present invention, the term “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody molecule of a single molecule composition obtained from substantially the same antibody population, wherein such monoclonal antibody shows a single binding specificity and affinity for a certain epitope. In the present invention, the term “full-length antibody” has a structure with two full-length light chains and two full-length heavy chains, wherein each of light chains is linked to a heavy chain by a disulfide bond. A constant region of the heavy chain has gamma (γ), mu (μ), alpha (α), delta (δ) and epsilon (ε) types, and also has gamma1 (γ1), gamma2 (γ2), gamma3 (γ3), gamma4 (γ4), alpha1 (α1) and alpha2 (α2) as a subclass. A constant region of the light chain has kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) types. IgG comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 as a subtype.
In the present invention, the terms “fragment,” “antibody fragment” and “antigen binding fragment” refer to any fragments of the antibody of the present invention having an antigen binding function of the antibody, wherein such terms are used interchangeably with each other. Exemplary antigen binding fragments comprise Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, Fv and the like, but not limited thereto.
The Fab has a structure with a variable region of light and heavy chains, a constant region of light chain and a first constant region of heavy chain (CH1 domain), and also has one antigen binding site. An antigen binding fragment of an antibody molecule or an antibody fragment means a fragment having an antigen binding function, and Fab′ is different from Fab in that the former has a hinge region having one or more cysteine residue in C terminus of a heavy chain CH1 domain. F(ab′)2 antibody is created in such a way that a cysteine residue of a hinge region of Fab′ forms a disulfide bond. Fv is a minimal antibody fragment having only a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region, wherein a recombinant technology for creating Fv fragments is disclosed in PCT International Patent Publication Applications WO 88/01649, WO 88/06630, WO 88/07085, WO 88/07086, WO 88/09344 and the like. Two-chain Fv is formed in such a way that a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region are linked to each other by a non-covalent bond, while single-chain Fv is formed in such a way that a heavy chain variable region and a single chain variable region are generally linked with each other either by a covalent bond through a peptide linker or directly linked in C-terminus, thus forming a structure like a dimer as shown in the two-chain Fv. Such antibody fragment may be obtained by using a protein hydrolase (for example, Fab may be obtained by performing a restriction digestion of a whole antibody by papain and F(ab′)2 fragment may be obtained by performing a digestion of the same by pepsin) or may be produced by a gene recombination technology, but not limited thereto.
Particularly in the present invention, it may be provided that the antibody specifically binding to c-Met is:
(a) an antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising a light chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; a light chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; a light chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, and a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 7; a heavy chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 8; and a heavy chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 9;
(b) an antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising a light chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; a light chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 5; a light chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, and a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 10; a heavy chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 11; and a heavy chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 12; or
(c) affinity-optimized antibodies thereof.
In the present invention, the term “heavy chain” may comprise both a full-length heavy chain and a fragment thereof comprising a variable region domain VH with an amino acid sequence having a variable region sequence enough to give specificity to an antigen, as well as three constant region domains CH1, CH2 and CH3. Also, in the present invention, the term “light chain” may comprise both a full-length light chain and a fragment thereof comprising a variable region domain VL with an amino acid sequence having a variable region sequence enough to give specificity to an antigen, as well as a constant region domain CL.
In the present invention, the antibody may comprise both a mouse antibody produced from a mouse, and a mutant thereof, wherein a part of an amino acid sequence of a parent antibody is substituted, added and/or deleted to improve the affinity, immunity, etc., of the antibody. The mutant may comprise a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, an affinity-optimized antibody, etc., as an example, but not limited thereto. In the present invention, the mutant comprehensively refers to an antibody, wherein a part of a CDR amino acid sequence of a parent antibody is mutated (substituted, added or deleted) on condition of having the same CDR as that of the parent antibody or targeting the same epitope as that of the parent antibody. Such mutant may be appropriately adjusted by those skilled in the art to improve the affinity, immunity and the like of an antibody within the scope of maintaining a binding capacity for the same epitope.
In other words, the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention may comprise a sequence of anti-c-Met antibody described herein as well as biological equivalents thereof, within the scope of specifically recognizing c-Met. For example, an additional change may be made in an amino acid sequence of the antibody, in order to further improve the binding affinity and/or other biological characteristics of the antibody. Such change comprises, for example, the deletion, insertion and/or substitution of an amino acid sequence residue of the antibody. Such amino acid mutation is made based on relative similarity of amino acid side chain substituent, e.g., hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, charge, size, etc. By analyzing the size, shape and type of amino acid side chain substituent, it can be seen that arginine, lysine and histidine are all positive charge residues; alanine, glycine and serine have a similar size; and phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine have a similar shape. Thus, based on such considerations, it can be seen that arginine, lysine and histidine; alanine, glycine and serine; and phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine are biologically functional equivalents.
In the present invention, the term “chimeric antibody” is an antibody formed in such a way that a variable region of a mouse antibody is recombined with a constant region of a human antibody, which results in a greatly improved immune reaction in comparison with a mouse antibody.
In the present invention, the term “humanized antibody” means an antibody formed in such a way that a protein sequence of an antibody derived from other species than human is modified to be similar to that of an antibody mutant naturally produced from human. For example, the humanized antibody may be prepared by preparing a humanized variable region through a recombination of CDR derived from a mouse with FR derived from a human antibody and then by recombining the same with a constant region of a preferred human antibody. However, a simple CDR grafting only results in a low affinity of the humanized antibody, so several key FR amino acid residues, which are considered to possibly influence a three-dimensional structure of CDR, may develop an affinity with those of mouse antibody, thus reaching the same level as the affinity of an original mouse antibody.
In the present invention, the term “affinity-optimized antibody,” which is a mutant formed in such a way that a part of CDR sequence of a certain antibody is substituted, added or deleted, means an antibody with a better binding affinity to an antigen while binding to the same antigen epitope as that of the certain antibody. Particularly, the affinity-optimized antibody of the present invention refers to a mutant antibody binds to the same epitope as that of: (a) an antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising a light chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; a light chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; a light chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, and a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 7; a heavy chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 8; a heavy chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 9; or (b) an antibody comprising a light chain variable region comprising a light chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 4; a light chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 5; a light chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, and a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 10; a heavy chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 11; a heavy chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. A person of ordinary skill in the art may prepare the affinity-optimized antibody by using a known technology based on certain light chain and heavy chain CDR sequences. For example, the affinity-optimized antibody of the present invention may be prepared through a phage display. In the present invention, the term “phage display” refers to a technology, which displays a mutant polypeptide as a fusion protein with at least a part of coat protein on a phage, for example, on the surface of fibrous phage particles. The usefulness of the phage display lies in the fact that it targets a large library of randomized protein mutants, thus promptly and efficiently classifying sequences binding to a target antigen with a high affinity. Displaying a library of peptides and proteins on the phage has been used for screening millions of polypeptides in order to see a polypeptide with a specific binding characteristic.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it may be provided that the antibody is an antibody comprising: (a) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 15; or (b) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 16. As an example, it may be provided that the antibody is an antibody comprising: (a) a light chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 and a heavy chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 19; or (b) a light chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 and a heavy chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 20, but not limited thereto.
According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, a hybridoma cell group was obtained from a mouse, wherein a human c-Met Sema domain/Fc fusion protein is an antigen, from which anti-c-Met antibody specifically binding to c-Met was selected by screening with an ELISA analysis method using c-Met/His fusion protein as an antigen. The selected antibody and the chimeric antibody thereof have a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity, which is equal to or more excellent than even commercially available known LY2875358 and OA-5D5 (Table 3 and
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it may be provided that the antibody comprises:
(a) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 21 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 23; (b) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 22 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 24; (c) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 29 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 31; or (d) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 30 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 32. As an example, it may be provided that the antibody is an antibody comprising: (a) a light chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 25 and a heavy chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 27; (b) a light chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 26 and a heavy chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 28; (c) a light chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 33 and a heavy chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 35; or (d) a light chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 34 and a heavy chain variable region coded by a nucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 36, but not limited thereto. Also, it may be provided that the antibody comprises a hinge region represented by one of SEQ ID NO: 37 to SEQ ID NO: 44.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a humanized antibody comprising CDR of the antibody obtained through a phage display selection was prepared, and it was identified that such antibody showed an anticancer activity, which was similar to that of the chimera antibody of the present invention (Examples 2 and 3). Also, in another specific embodiment of the present invention, a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity of the antibody was evaluated according to a hinge region sequence, and it was identified that a proliferation of most tumor cells was effectively inhibited, even with a somewhat difference in the activity depending on the difference of hinge sequence (Table 7).
In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but not limited thereto, it may be provided that an affinity-optimized antibody for the humanized antibody is an antibody, wherein one or more amino acid sequence is substituted from an antibody comprising: a light chain variable region comprising a light chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; a light chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; a light chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, and a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 7; a heavy chain CDR2 represented by SEQ ID NO: 8; a heavy chain CDR3 represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, and wherein, (i) G in a 1st position of the light chain CDR1 is substituted with A, E, K, L, N, R, S, V or W; A in a 2nd position thereof is substituted with C, G, I, P, S, T or V; S in a 3rd position thereof is substituted with G, M, N, P, Q, R, S or T; E in a 4th position thereof is substituted with A, D, F, G, H, K, M, Q, R, S, T or V; N in a 5th position thereof is substituted with A, D, E, G, K, L, P, Q, R, S, T or V; I in a 6th position thereof is substituted with A, F, L, M, Q, R, S, T or V; Y in a 7th position thereof is substituted with F, H, R or V; or G in a 8th position thereof is substituted with D, F, H, M, N, R, S, T or V; (ii) G in a 1st position of the light chain CDR2 is substituted with D, F, H, K, P, Q, S, V or Y; T in a 3rd position thereof is substituted with Q; or N in a 4th position thereof is substituted with G; (iii) Q in a 1st position of the light chain CDR3 is substituted with E, G, I, M or N; N in a 2nd position thereof is substituted with A, D, E, H, L, Q, S or T; V in a 3rd position thereof is substituted with I, L, M, N, Q, S or T; L in a 4th position thereof is substituted with F, H, I, M, R, S, V, W or Y; S in a 5th position thereof is substituted with C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, N, Q, R, T, V or Y; S in a 6th position thereof is substituted with D, E, F, G, H, I, L, M, N, P, Q, R, T, V or Y; P in a 7th position thereof is substituted with A, D, E, G, N, Q, S or V; Y in an 8th position thereof is substituted with E, F, L, M or Q; or T in a 9th position thereof is substituted with D, F, G, I, L, N, S, V, W or Y; (iv) D in a 1st position of the heavy chain CDR1 is substituted with G or Q; Y in a 2nd position thereof is substituted with Q; or I in a 4th position thereof is substituted with A or Q; (v) F in a 3rd position of the heavy chain CDR2 is substituted with D, E, W or Y; G in a 5th position thereof is substituted with D, H or Y; S in a 6th position thereof is substituted with F, P, W or Y; G in a 7th position thereof is substituted with A, F, L, N or T; N in an 8th position thereof is substituted with F, P, S, T or Y; T in a 9th position thereof is substituted with A, D, E, F, G, H, L, P, S or V; H in a 10th position thereof is substituted with A, D, F, M, R, S, T, V, W or Y; F in an 11th position thereof is substituted with G, H, I, L, M, N, P, Q, V or Y; S in a 12th position thereof is substituted with A, D, G, H, I, L, P, T or V; A in a 13th position thereof is substituted with D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, P, R, S, T, V or Y; R in a 14th position thereof is substituted with A, E, G, H, L, N, P, Q, S, W or Y; F in a 15th position thereof is substituted with D, E, G, L, M, P, R, S, V or W; K in a 16th position thereof is substituted with A, E, F, G, H, L, R, S, T, V or Y; or G in a 17th position thereof is substituted with E, F, H, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V or W; or (vi) G in a 1st position of the heavy chain CDR3 is substituted with E, F, H, N, Q, V or W; D in a 2nd position thereof is substituted with E; Y in a 3rd position thereof is substituted with L, Q, T or V; G in a 4th position thereof is substituted with W; F in a 5th position thereof is substituted with L or Y; L in a 6th position thereof is substituted with Q, S or Y; or Y in a 7th position thereof is substituted with C, L, M, N or Q. Herein, it may be provided that the light chain CDR1 comprises 0 to 5 substitutions, the light chain CDR2 comprises 0 to 1 substitution, the light chain CDR3 comprises 0 to 7 substitutions, the heavy chain CDR1 comprises 0 to 1 substitution, the heavy chain CDR2 comprises 0 to 11 substitutions, and the heavy chain CDR3 comprises 0 to 6 substitutions.
Particularly, in still yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it may be provided that the affinity-optimized antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising a light chain CDR1 represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 229 to SEQ ID NO: 268; a light chain CDR2 represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 182 to SEQ ID NO: 190, SEQ ID NO: 227 and SEQ ID NO: 228; a light chain CDR3 represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 142 to SEQ ID NO: 181, SEQ ID NO: 191 to SEQ ID NO: 226 and SEQ ID NO: 269 to SEQ ID NO: 301; and a heavy chain variable region comprising a heavy chain CDR1 represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 108 to SEQ ID NO: 112; a heavy chain CDR2 represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 54 to SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 72 to SEQ ID NO: 107 and SEQ ID NO: 118 to SEQ ID NO: 141; a heavy chain CDR3 represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 64 to SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 113 to SEQ ID NO: 117, more particularly, comprising a light chain variable region represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 306 to SEQ ID NO: 311, and a heavy chain variable region represented by any one of SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 302 to SEQ ID NO: 305, and much more particularly comprising: (a) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 21 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 302; (b) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 21 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 305; (c) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 310 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 23; (d) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 308 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 305; (e) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 306 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 303; (f) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 307 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 304; (g) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 308 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 304; (h) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 309 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 304; (i) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 311 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 304; or (j) a light chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 306 and a heavy chain variable region represented by SEQ ID NO: 302, but not limited thereto.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a competitive selection method was used to select an antibody with a more improved affinity than the humanized antibody, thus obtaining a number of affinity-optimized antibodies (Tables 8 to 10 and 12). The affinity-optimized antibody has a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory effect that is 4.3 to 28.5 times more excellent than the humanized body (Table 11, 13 and
In the present invention, it may be provided that the antibody is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof specifically further binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in addition to specifically binding to c-Met.
It is known that the EGFR, one of ErbB tyrosine kinases, is abnormally activated in many epidermal cell tumors comprising non-small-cell lung carcinoma, causes cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, and increases cell survival. Gefitinib (Iressa), elotinib (Tarceva) and osimertinib (Tagrisso), which are EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are used as a representative lung cancer therapeutic agent; and cetuximab (Erbitux) and panitumumab (Vectibix), which are EGFR target antibodies, are used as a colon cancer therapeutic agent (Yewale C et al., Biomaterials. 2013 34(34):8690-707 (2013), Deric L. Wheeler et al., Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 7, 493-507 (2010)).
Such EGFR target therapeutic agents cause resistance one year before and after treatment, wherein c-Met amplification, mutation and HGF-induced activation are known as a key mechanism of resistance (Simona Corso Cancer Discovery 3:978-992 (2013), Curtis R Chong et al., Nature Medicine 19, 1389-1400 (2013)). Also, it is reported that EGFR and c-Met are simultaneously expressed in various tumor cells, wherein, upon inhibiting EGFR, c-Met becomes activated, thus promptly developing the resistance of EGFR TKI (Engelman, J. A., et al., Science, 316:1039-43 (2007)).
Based on such mechanism, a single treatment with a c-Met target drug alone and a combined treatment with an EGFR target drug have been now in a clinical trial, but their efficacy has not been verified yet as a therapeutic agent and there is a need for developing a therapeutic agent for c-Met-related cancerous tumors, known as a key cause of resistance. Accordingly, the present inventors have prepared c-Met/EGFR bispecific antibody based on the antibody described above. The bispecific antibody not only effectively inhibits a proliferation of tumor cells, which are resistant to existing EGFR therapeutic agents, but also shows an excellent proliferation inhibitory activity against tumor cells, thus being valuably used in treatment of diseases such as c-Met-mediated cancers through various mechanisms.
It may be provided that the bispecific antibody is formed in such a way that an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof specifically binding to EGFR is linked to one light chain or heavy chain terminus of c-Met specific antibody, for example, being linked to a heavy chain C-terminus, but not limited thereto.
It may be provided that the binding fragment specifically binding to EGFR is Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2 or Fv.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it may be provided that the Fv is a scFv fragment, wherein the scFv fragment is linked by a connector capable of linking the scFv fragment to one light chain or heavy chain terminus of c-Met antibody. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an antibody specifically binding to EGFR is further prepared by linking with a connector represented by SEQ ID NO: 312.
It may be provided that the EGFR scFv fragment is an EGFR scFv capable of specifically binding to EGFR, known in the art, wherein, for example, there are Erbitux, Vectibix, Portrazza, TheraCIM or the like, but not limited thereto.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it may be provided that the EGFR scFv is an Erbitux or Vectibix scFv fragment, particularly the EGFR scFv comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 313 or SEQ ID NO: 314, wherein the Vectibix scFv comprises an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 315, but not limited thereto.
According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, as a result of identifying a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity of the bispecific antibody, it was identified that the antibody had a more excellent tumor activity inhibitory efficacy than a hu8C4 optimized antibody (Tables 16 and 17, and
Furthermore, it was identified that the bispecific antibody of the present invention had a more excellent tumor cell proliferation inhibitory capacity than a combined therapy of two antibodies (Tables 18 to 21 and
It may be provided that the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention binds to an epitope region represented by an amino acid sequence selected from the group represented by SEQ ID NO: 331, SEQ ID NO: 332, SEQ ID NO: 333 and/or SEQ ID NO: 334. An affinity-optimized antibody prepared based on a certain antibody (reference antibody) is characterized by having a high homology with the light chain and heavy chain CDR sequences of a variable region with regard to the reference antibody, thus binding to the same epitope region as the reference antibody, such that such affinity-optimized antibody can share all the biological characteristics such as a pharmaceutical mechanism and a pharmaceutical efficacy caused by a binding site, specificity and antibody and exhibit a more excellent effect on binding affinity than the reference antibody.
The epitope region respectively means, for example, YVSKPGAQL (SEQ ID NO: 331) in 321th to 329th positions, IGASLNDDI (SEQ ID NO: 332) in 333th to 341th positions, PIKYVND (SEQ ID NO: 333) in 366th to 372th positions, and QVVVSRSGPST (SEQ ID NO: 334) in 464th to 474th positions from N-terminus of a reference c-Met antigen (SEQ ID NO: 335), wherein c-Met antigen sequence with the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention binding thereto comprises a partial mutation (substitution, addition or deletion) or a binding antigen exists in a form of a c-Met fragment, precursor or subtype, thus its binding sites or sequences may somewhat vary accordingly. Nevertheless, a person of ordinary skill in the art may clearly specify a position and a sequence, to which the antigen or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention binds based on an epitope sequence information of a reference c-Met antigen.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, it was identified that the bispecific antibody hu8C4×Vectibix scFv of the present invention binds to 4 epitope regions of Y321-L329 (SEQ ID NO: 331), I333-I341 (SEQ ID NO: 332), P366-D372 (SEQ ID NO: 333), and Q464-S474 (SEQ ID NO: 334) of a human c-Met sema domain β chain (Table 28).
The “antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof specifically binding to c-Met” of the present invention means the one binding to a human c-Met by KD 1×10−7 M or less. It may be provided that the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof binds to human c-Met, for example, by KD 5×10−8 M or less, KD 1×10−8 M or less, KD 5×10−9 M or less, or KD 1×10−9 M or less, but not limited thereto.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, it was directly identified that the antibody or the antigen binding fragments thereof of the present invention had a high binding affinity to c-Met antigen by identifying a binding affinity of hu8C4, hu8C4 AH71 and hu8C4×Vectibix scFv to c-Met ECD, thus identifying KD values of 3.173×10−10, 9.993×10−11 and 2.78×10−10, respectively (Table 22). It was identified that the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention had a cross-reactivity to a c-Met antigen of a cynomolgus monkey, which is an ape (Table 22), but did not bind to other animal-derived antigens (e.g., rodents) (
As used herein, the term “binding constant (Kon)” means a binding ratio of a certain antibody-antigen interaction, and the term “dissociation constant (Koff)” means a dissociation ratio of a certain antibody-antigen interaction. Also, in the present invention, the term “affinity to antigen (KD)” is the one that a ratio of Koff:Kon (i.e., Koff/Kon) is indicated as a molar concentration (M). It may be provided that a KD value for an antibody is measured by using a method widely established in the art. For example, as a method for measuring a KD value of an antibody, it may be provided by a surface plasmon resonance analysis using a Biocore™ system, but not limited thereto.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing a nucleic acid molecule for coding the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof, an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule, a host cell having the expression vector introduced therein, an antibody using the host cell or an antigen binding fragment thereof.
The antibody and the antigen binding fragment thereof are such as that described above.
As used herein, the term “nucleic acid molecule” has a meaning that comprehensively comprises DNA and RNA molecules, wherein a nucleotide, a basic constituent unit in the nucleic acid molecule, comprises not only a natural nucleotide, but also an analogue, in which a sugar or base portion is modified (Scheit, Nucleotide Analogs, John Wiley, New York (1980); Uhlman and Peyman, Chemical Reviews, (1990) 90:543-584). A sequence of a nucleic acid molecule for coding the heavy chain and light chain variable regions of the present invention may be modified, wherein the modification comprises an addition, deletion, or non-conservative or conservative substitution of nucleotide.
It is understood that the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention also comprises a nucleotide sequence representing a substantial identity with the aforementioned nucleotide sequence. In the present invention, in case of aligning the aforementioned nucleotide sequence of the present invention with any other sequences in the most corresponding way and analyzing the aligned sequences by an algorithm conventionally used in the art, the substantial identity means a nucleotide sequence that represents a minimal 80% homology, particularly a minimal 90% homology, more particularly a minimal 95% homology.
As used herein, the term “vector,” which is a means for expressing a target gene in a host cell, comprises a plasmid vector; a cosmid vector; and virus vector such as a bacteriophage vector, an adenovirus vector, a retrovirus vector and an adeno-related virus, particularly a plasmid vector, but not limited thereto.
In the vector of the present invention, it may be provided that a nucleic acid molecule for coding a light chain variable region and a nucleic acid molecule for coding a heavy chain variable region are operatively linked with a promoter.
In the present invention, the term “operatively linked” means a functional binding between a nucleic acid expression regulatory sequence (e.g., a promoter, a signal sequence, or an array in a transcriptional regulatory factor binding site) and other nucleic acid sequence, thus the regulatory sequence controls a transcription and/or decoding of the other nucleic acid sequence.
The recombinant vector system of the present invention may be built through various methods known in the art. For example, such detailed methods are disclosed in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (2001), the documents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The vector of the present invention may be typically built as a vector for cloning or a vector for expression. Also, the vector of the present invention may be built in such a way that a prokaryotic cell or an eukaryotic cell is a host.
For example, if the vector of the present invention is an expression vector and the prokaryotic cell is a host, it is general to comprise powerful promotors capable of carrying out transcription (e.g., tac promotor, lac promotor, lacUV5 promotor, 1pp promotor, pLλ promotor, pRλ promotor, rac5 promotor, amp promotor, recA promotor, SP6 promotor, trp promotor, T7 promotor and the like), a ribosome binding site for starting decoding and transcription/decoding termination sequence. If E. coli (e.g., HB101, BL21, DH5α, etc.) is used as a host cell, promotor and operator portions of E. coli tryptophan biosynthetic pathway (Yanofsky, C., J. Bacteriol., (1984) 158:1018-1024), and a leftward promotor of phage λ (pLλ promotor, Herskowitz, I. and Hagen, D., Ann. Rev. Genet., (1980) 14:399-445) may be used as a regulatory portion. If Bacillus sp. is used as a host cell, a promotor of toxin protein gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1998) 64:3932-3938; Mol. Gen. Genet. (1996) 250:734-741) or any promotors expressible in Bacillus sp. may be used as a regulatory portion.
Meanwhile, the recombinant vector of the present invention may be prepared by manipulating plasmid (e.g., pCL, pSC101, pGV1106, pACYC177, ColE1, pKT230, pME290, pBR322, pUC8/9, pUC6, pBD9, pHC79, pIJ61, pLAFR1, pHV14, pGEX series, pET series, pUC19 and the like), phage (e.g., λgt4·λB, λ-Charon, λΔz1, M13 and the like) or virus (e.g., SV40, etc.) often used in the art.
Meanwhile, if the vector of the present invention is an expression vector and an eukaryotic cell is a host, promotors derived from a genome of mammal cells (e.g., metallothionein promotor, β-actin promotor, human hemoglobin promotor and human muscle creatin promotor) or promotors derived from mammal virus (e.g., adenoviral late promotor, vaccinia virus 7.5K promotor, SV40 promotor, cytomegalovirus (CMV) promotor, tk promotor of HSV, mouse breast tumor virus (MMTV) promotor, LTR promotor of HIV, promotor of Moloney virus, promotor of Epstein-barr virus (EBV) and promotor of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)) may be used, wherein they generally have a polyadenylation sequence as a transcription termination sequence. Particularly, the recombinant vector of the present invention comprises a CMV promotor.
The recombinant vector of the present invention may be fused with other sequences in order to facilitate refining of an antibody expressed therefrom. As examples of fused sequences, there are glutathione S-transferase (Pharmacia, USA), maltose binding protein (NEB, USA), FLAG (IBI, USA), 6×His (hexahistidine; Quiagen, USA) and the like. Also, a protein expressed by the vector of the present invention is an antibody, thus the expressed antibody may be easily purified through a protein A column, etc., without an additional sequence for refining.
Meanwhile, the recombinant vector of the present invention comprises an antibiotic resistance gene conventionally used in the art as a selected marker, wherein it may comprise, for example, resistance genes to ampicillin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, geneticin, neomycin and tetracycline.
As a vector for expressing the antibody of the present invention, there may be both a vector system, in which a light chain and a heavy chain are simultaneously expressed in one vector, and a system, in which a light chain and a heavy chain are respectively expressed in a separate vector. In the latter case, two vectors may be introduced into a host cell, for example, through co-transformation or targeted transformation. The co-transformation is a method for selecting cells that express both light and heavy chains after simultaneously introducing each vector DNA for coding light and heavy chains into a host cell. The targeted transformation is a method for selecting a cell transformed with a vector comprising a light (or heavy) chain and transforming a selected cell again with a vector comprising a heavy (or light) chain to finally select a cell that expresses both light and heavy chains.
As long as they are capable of stably and continuously cloning and expressing the vector of the present invention, any host cells known in the art may be used, wherein such host cells may comprise Bacillus sp. strains such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis and prokaryotic host cells such as Streptomyces, Pseudomonas (e.g., Pseudomonas putida), Proteus mirabilis or Staphylococcus (e.g., Staphylococcus carnosus), but not limited thereto.
As suitable eukaryotic host cells of the vector, there may be mycetes such as Aspergillus species, yeasts such as Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces and Neurospora crassa, other lower eukaryotic cells, cells of higher eukaryotes such as insect-derived cells, and cells derived from plants or mammals.
Particularly, host cells may be COST cells (monkey kidney cells), NSO cells, SP2/0, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, W138, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, MDCK, myeloma cell lines, HuT 78 cells or 293 cells, more particularly CHO cells, but not limited thereto.
In the present invention, “transformation” and/or “transfection” into host cells may be performed by selecting a suitable standard technology according to host cells as known in the art, comprising any methods for introducing nucleic acid into organisms, cells, tissues or organs. The methods comprise electroporation, plasmogamy, calcium phosphate (CaPO4) precipitation, calcium chloride (CaCl2)) precipitation, agitation using silicon carbide fiber, agrobacteria-mediated transformation, PEG, dextran sulfate, lipofectamine, drying/suppression-mediated transformation and the like, but not limited thereto.
In the present invention, the method for producing an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof using a host cell may particularly comprise steps of: (a) culturing a host cell transformed with a recombinant vector of the present invention; and (b) expressing an anti-c-Met antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof in the host cell.
In preparing the antibody above, culturing of a transformed host cell may be performed in an appropriate medium and under culturing conditions known in the art. Such culturing process may be easily adjusted according to a selected strain by those skilled in the art. Such culturing method is disclosed in various documents (e.g., James M. Lee, Biochemical Engineering, Prentice-Hall International Editions, 138-176). Cell culture is divided into suspension culture and attachment culture according to a cell growth type, and batch culture, fed-batch culture and continuous culture according to a culture method. A medium used in culture has to appropriately satisfy requirements of a certain strain.
In culturing of animal cells, the medium comprises various carbon sources, nitrogen sources and microelement ingredients. Examples of usable carbon sources may comprise carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, maltose, starch and cellulose; fats such as soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil and coconut oil; fat acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid; alcohols such as glycerol and ethanol; and organic acids such as acetic acid, wherein such carbon sources may be used alone or in combination.
Nitrogen sources, which may be used in the present invention, may comprise, for example, organic nitrogen sources such as peptone, yeast extract, meat juice, malt extract, corn steep liquor (CSL) and soybean-wheat, and inorganic nitrogen sources such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium nitrate, wherein such nitrogen sources may be used alone or in combination. As a phosphorus source, the medium may comprise potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium-containing salt corresponding thereto. Also, the medium may comprise metallic salts such as magnesium sulphate or iron sulfate. Besides, the medium may comprise amino acids, vitamins, appropriate precursors and the like.
During culture, compounds such as ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid are added to a culture product in an appropriate way to adjust a pH of the culture product. Also, during culture, bubble formation may be suppressed by using a defoaming agent such as fatty acid polyglycol ester. Also, oxygen or oxygen-containing gas (e.g., air) is injected into a culture product in order to maintain an aerobic state of the culture product. A temperature of the culture product is normally 20° C. to 45° C., preferably 25° C. to 40° C.
The production method may further comprise a step of: (c) collecting an anti-c-Met antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof expressed in the host cell. An antibody obtained by culturing the transformed host cell may be used in a non-purified state, or further used in a purified state with high purity by using various conventional methods, for example, dialysis, salt precipitation, chromatography and the like. Out of those methods, a method for using chromatography is most often used, wherein a type and order of column may be selected from ion-exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, affinity chromatography, etc., according to antibody characteristics, culture method, etc.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a composition for detecting c-Met, comprising the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof, a kit for detection comprising the same, and a method for detecting c-Met antibody using the same.
The composition for detecting c-Met and the kit comprising the same form an antigen-antibody complex in such a way that an antibody specifically binding to c-Met or an antigen binding fragment thereof comes into contact with a specimen sample, thus effectively detecting c-Met.
As used herein, the term “antigen-antibody complex” means a conjugate between c-Met and an antibody for recognizing the same, in order to identify a tumor or a cancer cell of expressing c-Met in a sample.
A method for quantifying c-Met antigen using a composition for detecting c-Met and using a kit comprising the same may be performed by identifying a formation of an antigen-antibody complex, wherein identifying of the formation of an antigen-antibody complex may be performed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry staining, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoprecipitation assay, immunodiffusion assay, complement fixation assay, a protein chip, etc., but not limited thereto. The ELISA comprises various ELISA methods such as a direct ELISA using a labeled antibody for recognizing an antigen attached to a solid support; an indirect ELISA using a labeled secondary antibody for recognizing a capture antibody in a complex of an antibody for recognizing an antigen attached to a solid support; a direct sandwich ELISA using another labeled antibody for recognizing an antigen in a complex of an antibody and an antigen attached to a solid support; an indirect sandwich ELISA using a labeled secondary antibody for reacting with another antibody for recognizing an antigen in a complex of an antibody and an antigen attached to a solid support and then recognizing such antibody, etc.
As a label for qualitatively or quantitatively making a formation of an antigen-antibody complex measurable, there are an enzyme, a fluorescent material, a ligand, a luminous material, a microparticle, a redox molecule, radio isotope and the like, but not necessarily limited thereto. As the enzymes, there are β-glucuronidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-D-galactosidase, urease, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, glucose oxidase, hexokinase and GDPase, RNase, glucose oxidase and luciferase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate decarboxylase, β-lactamase, etc., but not limited thereto.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a composition for preventing or treating cancer comprising the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention.
Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preventing or treating cancer, comprising a step of administering a composition comprising the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention to an individual being in danger of developing cancer or having the same.
Still yet another aspect of the present invention provides a use of cancer treatment and a use of preparing an anticancer drug, with regard to a composition comprising the antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention.
The antibody and the antigen binding fragment thereof are such as that described above.
The antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention is capable of binding to c-Met alone or a combination of c-Met and EGFR with high affinity to inhibit a growth of cancer cells, such that the antibody alone or in combination with conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be used in treatment, prevention and diagnosis of hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer.
In the present invention, the term “prevention” means all the acts, which prevent or delay diseases such as cancer, etc., from occurrence or recurrence by an administration of the composition of the present invention, and the term “treatment” means an inhibition of development of diseases such as cancer, reduction of cancer, or removal of cancer.
It may be provided that cancer, a disease applied to the composition of the present invention, is particularly lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, solenoma, salivary gland tumor or thyroid cancer, more particularly lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, and much more particularly lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, but not limited thereto. In the present invention, it may be provided that cancer is the one caused by, in particular, c-Met overexpression, amplification, mutation or activation, but not limited thereto. In other words, a composition comprising the antibody or the binding fragment thereof of the present invention has an inhibitory effect on proliferation of all the cancerous tumors irrespective of abnormal expression or mutation of c-Met, such that a pharmaceutical use of the present invention is not limited by an expression aspect or presence or absence of mutation of c-Met.
The composition may be a form of a pharmaceutical composition, a quasi-drug composition and a composition for health food.
The composition of the present invention for preventing or treating cancer may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is the one conventionally used in preparing a formulation, comprising lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starch, acacia rubber, calcium phosphate, alginate, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup, methylcellulose, methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, mineral oil and the like, but not limited thereto. Besides the ingredients, the composition of the present invention for preventing or treating cancer may further comprise lubricant, humectant, sweetening agent, flavoring agent, emulsifier, suspending agent, preservative, etc. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and preparations are described in detail in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (19th ed., 1995).
The composition of the present invention may be administered orally or parenterally wherein a parenteral administration may be performed by intravenous infusion, subcutaneous infusion, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, endothelial administration, local administration, intranasal administration, intrapulmonary administration, rectal administration and the like. During an oral administration, protein or peptide is digested, so an oral composition may be formulated in such a way that its active drug is coated or protected from decomposition in stomach. A composition of the present invention may be administered by a predetermined device through which an active substance may be moved into a target cell.
A suitable dosage of the composition of the present invention for preventing or treating cancer varies depending on such factors as a formulation method, an administration type, a patient' age, weight, gender, morbid condition, food, administration time, administration path, excretion speed and response sensitivity, wherein an ordinary skilled doctor may easily determine and prescribe an effective dose for a desired treatment or prevention. According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a daily dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may amount to 0.001-100 mg/kg or more. In the present specifications, the term “pharmaceutical effective dose” means an amount enough to treat, prevent and diagnose diseases such as cancer.
The composition of the present invention for preventing or treating cancer may be formulated into a preparation by using pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or expedients according to a method, which may be easily performed by those skilled in the art, to which the present invention pertains, such that such composition can be prepared in a mono-dose form or prepared by being inserted into a multi-dose container. At this time, a dosage form may be in a form of solution in oil or aqueous medium, suspension or emulsion, or in a form of extract, powder, suppository, powdered drug, granule, tablet or capsule, and may further comprise a dispersing agent or a stabilizer.
The composition of the present invention may be administered as an individual therapeutic agent or administered in combination with other therapeutic agents, and may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with conventional therapeutic agents.
The antibody or the antigen binding fragment thereof of the present invention may be used in treatment of cancer in such a way that it is injected in vivo in a form of an antibody-therapeutic agent (functional molecule) and a bispecific antibody-therapeutic agent (functional molecule) conjugate, which are such as that described above. Appropriate and desirable various conditions for targeting a drug to a specific target site are reported in documents, for example, Trouet et al., Plenum Press, New York and London, (1982) 19-30.
According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, as a result of identifying an antitumor activity of the composition of the present invention for preventing or treating cancer in a xenograft mouse model, it was identified that its tumor activity inhibitory efficacy was remarkably excellent compared to the control group (
c-Met, targeted by an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof included in the composition of the present invention is a molecule expressed on the surface of cancer cells, thus it may be used in the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of c-Met related cancer in such a way that a functional molecule further is bound to the antibody of the present invention or is administered in combination therewith. The functional molecule may comprise a chemical substance, radioactive nuclide, immunotherapeutic agent, cytokine, chemokine, toxin, biotic agent, enzyme inhibitor and the like.
The functional molecule capable of coupling with the antibody or the fragment thereof of the present invention results in antibody drug-conjugates (ADC) may be a chemical substance, cytokine or chemokine, but not limited thereto. The chemical substance may be, for example, an anticancer drug, particularly, acivicin, aclarubicin, acodazole, acronycine, adozelesin, alanosine, aldesleukin, allopurinol sodium, altretamine, aminoglutethimide, amonafide, ampligen, amsacrine, androgens, anguidine, aphidicolin glycinate, asaley, asparaginase, 5-azacytidine, azathioprine, bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG), Baker's antifol, beta-2-dioxythioguanosine, bisantrene HCl, bleomycin sulfate, bulsufan, buthionine sulfoximine, BWA773U82, BW502U83/HCl, BW 7U85 mesylate, ceracemide, carbetimer, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, chloroquinoxalin-sulfonamide, chlorozotocin, chromomycin A3, cisplatin, cladribine, corticosteroid, Corynebacterium parvum, CPT-11, crisnatol, cyclocytidine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, cytembena, dabis maleate, decarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin HCl, deazauridine, dexrazoxane, dianhydro galactitol, diaziquone, dibromodulcitol, didemnin B, diethyldithio carbamate, diglycoaldehyde, dihydro-5-azacytidine, doxorubicin, echinomycin, dedatrexate, edelfosine, eflornithine, Elliot's solution, elsamitrucin, epirubicin, esorubicin, estramustine phosphate, estrogen, etanidazole, ethiophos, etoposide, fadrazole, fazarabine, fenretinide, filgrastim, finasteride, flavone acetic acid, floxuridine, fludarabine phosphate, 5′-fluorouracil, Fluosol™, flutamide, gallium nitrate, gemcitabine, goserelin acetate, hepsulfam, hexamethylene bisacetamide, homoharringtonine, hydrazine sulfate, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, hydroxyurea, idarubicin HCl, ifosfamide, 4-ipomeanole, iproplatin, isotretinoin, leucovorin calcium, leuprolide acetate, levamisol, liposomal daunorubicin, liposome trapping doxorubicin, lomustine, lonidamine, maytansine, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, melphalan, menogaril, merbarone, 6-mercaptopurine, mesna, methanol extract of bacillus calmette-guerin, methotrexate, N-methylformamide, mifepristone, mitoguazone, mitomycin-C, mitotane, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, nabilone, nafoxidine, neocarzinostatin, octreotide acetate, ormaplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pala, pentostatin, piperazinedione, pipobroman, pirarubicin, piritrexim, piroxantrone hydrochloride, PIXY-321, plicamycin, porfimer sodium, prednimustine, procarbazine, progestins, pyrazofurin, razoxane, sargramostim, semustine, spirogermanium, spiromustine, streptonigrin, streptozocin, sulofenur, suramin sodium, tamoxifen, taxorere, tegafur, teniposide, terephthalamidine, teroxirone, thioguanine, thiotepa, thymidine injection, tiazofurin, topotecan, toremifene, tretinoin, trifluoperazine hydrochloride, trifluridine, trimetrexate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), uracil mustard, vinblastin sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vindesine, vinorelbine, vinzolidine, Yoshi 864, zorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, etoposide, melphalan, taxotere, taxol and mixtures thereof, but not limited thereto.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through Examples. The following Examples are provided only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention in more detail. Thus, according to the purpose of the present invention, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the Examples are not construed to limit the scope of the present invention.
(1) Preparation and Selection of Hybridoma Cell Line for Producing Monoclonal Antibody to c-Met Protein
A human c-Met Sema domain/Fc fusion protein (self-produced) was intraperitoneally injected as an antigen into a mouse, in order to obtain an immunized mouse needed for developing a hybridoma cell line through animal immunization. Screening was performed through an ELISA analysis method using a human c-Met/His fusion protein as an antigen, in order to select a hybridoma cell specifically responding to c-Met protein only out of a hybridoma cell group.
(2) c-Met Antibody
Light chain and heavy chain CDR amino acid sequences of a mouse antibody obtained from a selected hybridoma cell line are shown in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
(3) In Vitro Tumor Cell Proliferation Inhibitory Activity of Hybridoma C-Met Antibody
With regard to a c-Met specific mouse antibody obtained from a hybridoma cell line as well as a chimera antibody prepared by fusing the antibody with human heavy chain and light chain constant regions, a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity was tested in a human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG and a human stomach cancer cell line MKN45.
Particularly, the U-87 MG cells (ATCC, # HTB14) were diluted in a culture medium EMEM (ATCC, #30-2003) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, 100 U/500 ml penicillin and 100 μg/500 ml streptomycin (Invitrogen, #15140-122), after which resulting cells were added by 100 μl into each well of a 96-well plate at a concentration of 2.5×103 cells, such that the plate was cultured under 37° C., 95% RH and 5% (v/v) CO2 conditions for 18-24 hours. The cell culture medium was removed from each well, after which an EMEM medium containing 2% (v/v) FBS was added by 100 μl into each well, and an antibody prepared at 2× of a final concentration (100 nM) was continuously diluted at a ratio of 1/10, such that resulting cells were added by 100 μl into each well at six concentrations (i.e., 200 nM, 20 nM, 2 nM, 200 pM, 20 pM and 2 pM) for each antibody. Then, the plate was cultured for 5 days under 37° C., 95% RH and 5% (v/v) CO2 conditions, after which resulting cells were fixed with 10% TCA (Trichloroacetic acid; Sigma, # T0699) solution on a final day. The resulting fixed cells were dyed for 25 minutes in such a way that 80 μl of 0.4% SRB (sulforhodamine B) solution was added into each well, after which resulting cells were washed 5 times with 1% acetic acid solution. Then, 150 μl of 10 mM Tris solution was inserted into each well of a dried plate to dissolve SRB dye, after which its optical density was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm by using a microplate reader.
Also, MKN45 (# JCRB0254) cell lines were diluted in an RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, # A10491) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cell lines were divided by 2.5×103 into each well of a 96-well plate, such that the resulting plate was cultured overnight under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions. Then, the medium of each well of the plate was replaced with 100 μl of an RPMI-1640 medium containing 1% (v/v) FBS, after which a test antibody was sequentially diluted at a ratio of 1/10 (i.e., 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM, 100 pM, 10 pM and 1 pM) to reach 1 pM at a final concentration of 100 nM, such that the resulting antibody was added by 100 μl into each well. Then, the plate was cultured for 5 days under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions, after which the medium was removed therefrom, such that a TCA solution was inserted by 200 μl into each well to fix cells. As shown in the test on the U87 MG cell, the cells of the plate were dyed according to a conventional SRB colorimetric assay method, after which an optical density of each well was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm by using a microplate reader. Results of the U87 MG and MKN45 cell lines are shown in Table 3 and
As seen in Table 3 and
Specific consensus sequences for light chain and heavy chain variable regions of the 8C4, 5G3 antibodies of the present invention are shown in the following Table 4.
As one example, the mouse antibody 8C4 was humanized and an in vitro tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity thereof was identified, in order to further identify an effect of an antibody prepared in the present invention.
For a humanized design of 8C4 antibody heavy chains, a human germline gene having a high homology with a gene in a heavy chain variable region of a mouse antibody 8C4 was analyzed first through Ig Blast (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/). In result, it was identified that IGHV3-23 had 48% homology with the 8C4 antibody in an amino acid level, and also identified that IGHV3-11 had 46% homology with the 8C4 antibody in an amino acid level.
The CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 of the mouse antibody 8C4 was defined by Kabat numbering, and hu8C4-1 was prepared in such a way that the CDR portion of the mouse antibody 8C4 was represented by be introduced into a framework of IGHV3-23. At this time, no. 48 (V→I), no. 49 (S→G), no. 71 (R→A), no. 73 (N→K), no. 78 (L→A) and no. 94 (K→G) amino acids were back-mutated into an original amino acid sequence of the mouse antibody 8C4 to finally build a heavy chain of hu8C4-1. In case of hu8C4-2, the CDR portion of the mouse antibody 8C4 was represented by be introduced into a framework of IGHV3-11, and no. 48 (V→I), no. 49 (S→G), no. 71 (R→A), no. 73 (N→K), no. 78 (L→A) and no. 94 (R→G) amino acids were back-mutated into an original amino acid sequence of the mouse antibody 8C4 to finally build a heavy chain of hu8C4-2.
Even in case of a light chain of 8C4 antibody, for a humanized design, a human germline gene having a high homology with a gene in a light chain variable region of the mouse antibody 8C4 was analyzed through Ig Blast (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/). In result, it was identified that IGKV1-27 had 65.3% homology with the 8C4 antibody in an amino acid level, and that IGKV1-33 had 64.2% homology with the 8C4 antibody in an amino acid level.
The CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 of the mouse antibody 8C4 were defined by Kabat numbering, and the CRD portion of the mouse antibody 8C4 was represented by be introduced into a framework of IGKV1-33 and a framework of IGKV1-27, thus preparing hu8C4-1 and hu8C4-2 respectively. At this time, amino acid no. 69 (T→R) of both and hu8C4-2 were back-mutated into an original amino acid sequence of the mouse antibody 8C4.
The 8C4 humanized antibody was expressed in a 293T cell by using a pCLS05 vector (Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1420274). With regard to such obtained humanized antibodies in a form of IgG1, it was identified whether or not they had a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity in U-87 MG, a human glioblastoma cell line, by the same method as shown in Example 1 above.
In result, it was identified that the IC50 values of hu8C4-1 and hu8C4-2 amounted to 30 nM and 24.6 nM respectively, thus indicating a similar level of anticancer activity to that of a chimera 8C4 antibody (IC50=32.4 nM).
Specific consensus sequences for light chain and heavy chain variable regions of the hu8C4-1 and hu8C4-2 humanized antibodies are shown in Table 5.
Then, the mouse antibody 5G3 of the present invention was humanized to identify an in vitro tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity thereof.
Particularly, for a heavy chain design of hu5G3-1, a human germline gene having a highest homology with a gene in a heavy chain variable region of the mouse antibody 5G3 was analyzed first through Ig Blast (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/). In result, it was identified that IGHV1-46 had 67.3% homology with the 5G3 antibody in an amino acid level. The CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 of the mouse antibody 5G3 were defined by Kabat numbering, and the CRD portion of the mouse antibody 5G3 was represented by be introduced into a framework of IGHV1-46. At this time, amino acid no. 48 (M→I), no. 69 (M→L), no. 71 (R→A), no. 73 (T→K) and no. 78 (V→A) were back-mutated into an original amino acid sequence of the mouse antibody 5G3. By doing so, a heavy chain of hu5G3-1 was built.
For a light chain of hu5G3-1, CDR-grafting was performed in IGKV3-20 gene having 63.5% homology with the 5G3 antibody, and amino acid no. 43 (A→S), no. 60 (D→A) and no. 71 (F→N) were back-mutated to build a light chain of hu5G3-1.
Also, to design a heavy chain of hu5G3-2, the CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 of the mouse antibody 5G3 defined by Kabat numbering were introduced by using VH3 subtype, which was conventionally known to be most stable. At this time, amino acid no. 67 (F→A), no. 69 (I→L), no. 73 (T→K), no. 90 (Y→F) and no. 94 (T→R) were back-mutated into an original amino acid sequence of the mouse antibody 5G3. By doing so, a heavy chain of hu5G3-2 was built.
For a light chain of hu5G3-2, CDR-grafting was performed in IGVK III gene, which was known to stably form a structure with VH3 subtype, and back-mutation was not performed.
The 5G3 humanized antibody was expressed in a 293T cell by using a pCLS05 vector (Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1420274). With regard to such obtained humanized antibodies in a form of IgG2, it was identified whether or not they had a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity in MKN45, a human stomach cancer cell line, by the same method as shown in Example 1 above.
In result, it was identified that the IC50 values of hu5G3-1 and hu5G3-2 amounted to 0.52 nM and 0.5 nM respectively, thus indicating a similar level of anticancer activity to that of a chimera 5G3 antibody (IC50=0.41 nM).
Consensus sequences for light chain and heavy chain variable regions of the hu5G3-1 and hu5G3-2 humanized antibodies are shown in Table 6.
Then, a test on tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity was performed according to a hinge sequence of human IgG1 heavy chain constant region.
First of all, a hinge of the human IgG1 heavy chain constant region had an amino acid sequence of “EPKSCDKTHTCPPCP (SEQ ID NO: 37),” which was substituted to obtain a hinge region mutant having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 to SEQ ID NO: 44.
The resulting mutants were respectively cloned into a vector comprising the heavy chain variable region of hu8C4-1, hu8C4-2 humanized antibodies prepared in Example 2 above. An in vitro tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity according to a hinge sequence was identified in U-87 MG by the same method as shown in Example 1 above.
Also, an effect of the 8C4 humanized antibody was analyzed as follows with regard to non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H1993 (ATCC, # CRL-5909). The NCI-H1993 cell lines were diluted in an RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, # A10491) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which resulting cell lines were divided by 3.0×103 into each well of a 96-well plate, such that the resulting plate was cultured overnight under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions. After that, the medium of each well of the plate was replaced with 100 μl of an RPMI-1640 medium containing 2% (v/v) FBS, after which a test antibody was sequentially diluted at a ratio of 1/10 (i.e., 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM, 100 pM, 10 pM and 1 pM) to reach 0.001 nM at a final concentration of 100 nM, such that the resulting antibody was added by 100 μl into each well. Then, the plate was cultured for 5 days under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions, after which the medium was removed therefrom, such that a TCA solution (Sigma, # T0699) was inserted by 200 μl into each well to fix the cells. Also, the cells of the plate were dyed according to a conventional SRB colorimetric assay method, after which an optical density of each well was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm by using a microplate reader.
Results of hu8C4-1 in U-87 MG and NCI-H1993 (ATCC, # CRL-5909) are shown in Table 7.
As seen in Table 7, there is some difference in the tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity of the hu8C4 antibody according to a difference of hinge sequence, but it was identified that such antibody effectively inhibited a proliferation of most tumor cells. Accordingly, hereinafter an IgG1 humanized antibody representatively having a hinge region of SEQ ID NO: 38 in hu8C4-1 was named as hu8C4, and an affinity-optimized antibody thereto was prepared to identify an effect thereof.
To prepare an affinity-optimized antibody of hu8C4, a phage-displayed scFv library was first prepared by using a phagemid vector displayed in a combined form of scFv and pIII, wherein a schematic structure of the vector is illustrated in
Then, a mutation-inducing oligonucleotide having an NNK codon was used to introduce variety into the heavy chain and light chain CDR domain of hu8C4. Accordingly, a hu8C4 scFv library with a fusion of His, HA and pIII was prepared, after which a human c-Met specific antibody was selected from the prepared antibody library.
Particularly, a competitive selection method was used to select an antibody with an improved affinity. A human c-Met antigen was bound according to the manufacturer guidelines in Dynabeads® M-280 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11205D). A bead with an antigen binding thereto was blocked for 2 hours by a superblock Tris buffered saline (TBS, Pierce). Also recombinant phage grew overnight at 37° C., and then recombinant phage was centrifuged and a phage of its supernatant was blocked with superblock TBS, 0.05% Tween 20 for 2 hours. Then, the bead was washed with PBS containing 0.05% Twin 20. A blocked phage solution was added into the washed bead, after which the resulting bead was incubated in a rotator for 2 hours for phage binding, such that the resulting bead was washed with PBS containing 0.05% Twin 20. Then, a human c-Met antigen was added into PBS 1 ml containing 0.05% Twin 20, after which the resulting antigen was incubated in a rotator for 24 hours (Rouet R et al. (2012) Nat Protoc. 7:364-373). After that, the phage binding to the bead was eluted with 100 mM triethanolamine for 5 minutes, after which an eluent was neutralized with 0.5 M Tris/Cl (pH 7.2). An eluted phage neutralization liquid was infected with E. coli TG1.
An individual clone selected through the experiment grew in a 96-well format of 2×YT broth 200 μl with added carbenicillin and ampicillin, after which a culture supernatant thereof was directly used for ELISA to select a phage-displayed scFv binding to a plate coated with target protein. Amino acid sequences of light chain and heavy chain CDR regions of a detected antibody are shown in Tables 8 and 9, and the representative amino acid sequences of light chain and heavy chain variable regions of an affinity-optimized antibody are shown in Table 10.
Also, an in vitro test on proliferation inhibitory activity was performed on U-87 MG cell line by using a part of the affinity-optimized antibodies, wherein results thereof are shown in Table 11.
As seen in Table 11, it was identified that IC50 of tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity of a hu8C4 affinity-optimized antibody in a U-87 MG cell amounted to 5.0 18 nM, wherein efficacy thereof was increased 4.3-9.8 times more than a parent antibody hu8C4. The results above represent a test performed on a part of antibodies having an amino acid sequence presented in Tables 8 to 10, wherein an affinity of the parent hu8C4 antibody was optimized and all the antibodies were selected based on an antigen affinity through a selection process. Thus, it is expected that there may be a sufficiently equal effect even with regard to the rest of affinity-optimized antibodies as well as antibodies with a combination of presented heavy chain and light chain variable region CDRs.
For an additional experiment, 10 kinds of affinity-optimized antibody were prepared by combining the light chain and heavy chain variable regions. A specific combination of light chain and heavy chain sequences are shown in Table 12.
Then, a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity was evaluated by the same method as shown in Example 1 above, wherein results thereof are shown in Table 13 and
As seen in Table 13 above, it was identified that hu8C4 as well as 10 kinds of key antibody with a combination of light chain and heavy chain variable regions of an affinity-optimized antibody thereof showed a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity, too. In particular, IC50 of the 10 kinds of antibody amounted to 1.7-5.3 nM and it was identified that they had a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory effect, which was 9.2-28.5 times more excellent than the parent antibody hu8C4.
To prepare a bispecific antibody specifically binding to c-Met and EGFR, Erbitux and Vectibix scFv fragments, known to specifically bind to EGFR, were linked respectively to a heavy chain C-terminus of the c-Met antibody of the present invention by a GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ. No. 312) connector.
To increase the stability of the scFv, a 44th residue of a heavy chain and a 100th residue of a light chain were substituted with cystine (Reiter Y. et al., Biochemistry 33(18):5451-5459 (1994)). Erbitux and Vectibix scFv sequences, amino acid sequences of heavy chain of bispecific antibody and a combination of variable regions of bispecific antibody are shown in the following Tables 14 and 15.
Then, an in vitro anticancer efficacy of a bispecific antibody linking Erbitux and Vectibix scFv fragments was evaluated in a U-87 MG tumor cell line by the same method as shown in Example 1.
Also, a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity was evaluated by using NCI-H1993, NCI-H292 and NCI-H820 lung cancer cell lines. Particularly, with regard to an NCI-H1993 (ATCC, # CRL-5909) cell line with c-Met gene overexpressed therein, an NCI-H292 (ATCC, # CRL-1848) cell line with EGFR and c-Met normally expressed therein, and NCI-H820 (ATCC, # HTB-181) with threonine (T) mutated into methionine (M) in EGFR amino acid no. 790, a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity was performed by the following method. Each cell line was diluted in an RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, # A10491) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cell lines were divided by 2.0×103 into each well of a 96-well plate, such that the resulting plate was cultured overnight under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions. Then, each well of the plate was replaced with 100 μl of a serum-free medium, after which the resulting plate was cultured under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions for 18 hours. After that, the medium was replaced with 100 μl of the RPMI-1640 medium containing 2% (v/v) FBS or HGF 50 ng/ml, after which a test antibody was sequentially diluted at a ratio of 1/10 (i.e., 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM, 100 pM, 10 pM and 1 pM) to reach 0.001 nM at a final concentration of 100 nM, such that the resulting antibody was added by 100 μl into each well. Subsequently, the plate was cultured for 5 days under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions, after which the medium was removed therefrom, such that a TCA solution was inserted by 200 μl into each well to fix cells. Also, the cells of the plate were dyed according to a conventional SRB colorimetric assay method, after which an optical density of each well was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm by using a microplate reader.
Results of proliferation inhibitory activity in each cell line above are shown in Tables 16 and 17 and
In result, there was no difference in efficacy between bispecific antibodies prepared from U-87 MG tumor cell line by the method and it was identified that an activity inhibitory efficacy thereof was about 15 times more excellent than IC50 of hu8C4 optimized antibody. Also, as a result of evaluating a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity using NCI-H1993, NCI-H292 and NCI-H820 lung cancer cell lines, it was identified that there was no difference in efficacy between bispecific antibodies prepared.
Such the results suggest that the antibody of the present invention has a proliferation inhibitory effect on all the cancer types regardless of an overexpression or mutation of c-Met and EGFR, thus may be effectively used in these cancer types.
Eight types of cancer were used to compare a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity between a combined therapy of each antibody targeting c-Met and EGFR respectively and the bispecific antibody of the present invention.
Particularly, a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity was evaluated in a lung cancer cell line NCI-H292 (ATCC, # CRL-1848), an HGF-autocrinal glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG (ATCC, # HTB-14), lung cancer cell lines NCI-H1648 (ATCC # CRL-5882) and NCI-H596 (ATCC # HTB-178), HCC827 (ATCC, # CRL2868), a colon cancer cell line LS174T (ATCC, # CL-188), a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line BT20 (ATCC, # HTB-19) and a pancreatic cancer cell line KP4 (JCRB, # RCB1005). The NCI-H1648 cell line is characterized by a normal expression of EGFR and c-Met, the NCI-H596 cell line is characterized by a deletion of some sequence of exon no. 14 of MET gene, and the HCC827 cell line is characterized by a deletion of some sequence of exon no. 19 of EGFR gene. Also, the LS174T cell line has a KRAS mutation and the KP4 is characterized by autocrining HGF.
The U-87 MG cell line was evaluated by a method of Example 1 and the NCI-H292 cell line was evaluated by a method of Example 6. Also, the NCI-H1648, NCI-H596 and HCC827 cell lines were diluted in an RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, # A10491) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cell lines were divided by 2.0×103 in each well of a 96-well plate. The LS174T cell line was diluted in a DMEM medium (Gibco, #11995-065) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cell lines were divided by 2.0×103. The BT20 cell line was diluted in an EMEM medium (ATCC, #30-2003) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cell lines were divided by 3.0×103. And, the KP4 cell line was diluted in an RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, # A10491) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cell lines were divided by 1.5×103, such that the resulting plate was cultured overnight under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions. Then, each well of the plate was replaced with 100 μl of a serum-free medium, after which the resulting plate was cultured under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions for 18 hours. After that, the medium was replaced with 100 μl of the RPMI-1640 medium containing 2% (v/v) FBS or HGF 50 ng/ml, after which a test antibody was sequentially diluted at a ratio of 1/10 (i.e., 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM, 100 pM, 10 pM and 1 pM) to reach 1 pM at a final concentration of 100 nM, such that the resulting antibody was added by 100 μl into each well. Then, the plate was incubated for 5 days under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions, after which the medium was removed therefrom, such that a TCA solution was inserted by 200 μl into each well to fix cells. Also, the cells of the plate were dyed according to a conventional SRB colorimetric assay method, after which an optical density of each well was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm by using a microplate reader.
Results of this Example are shown in Tables 18 to 21 and
In result, it was identified that a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory capacity of the bispecific antibody of the present invention was more excellent than that of hu8C4, Vectibix or a combined therapy of two antibodies in the 8 kinds of tumor cell line all. Also, it was identified that it had a remarkably excellent tumor cell proliferation inhibitory capacity in U-87MG, NCI-H292, BT20 and KP4 cell lines when compared to EM1-MAb (Janssen) used as a control bispecific antibody.
Moreover, it was identified that both hu8C4 and hu8C4×Vectibix scFv had an excellent tumor cell proliferation inhibitory capacity compared to a control antibody, when compared to LA480 (Lilly), OA-5D5 (Genentech) and AbF46 (Samsung), which were c-Met target antibodies in U-87MG cell lines.
Also, Tarceva, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in HCC827 cell line, showed resistance under HGF processing conditions, but it was identified that it showed an excellent tumor cell proliferation inhibitory capacity when being processed in combination with Tarceva, hu8C4, hu8C4×Vectibix scFv or c-Met inhibitors under such conditions.
Also, as a result of comparing various EGFR inhibitors and c-Met inhibitors in NCI-H596 cell line, it was identified that a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory capacity of hu8C4×Vectibix scFv was excellent compared to EGFR or c-Met single target drug.
Then, to measure a binding capacity of the c-Met antibody of the present invention to an extracellular domain (ECD), binding of c-Met antibody and bispecific antibody to c-Met ECD and EGFR ECD was measured between human and cynomolgus monkey by using BIAcore.
Particularly, a human c-Met ECD (ACROBiosystems, MET-H5227), a cynomolgus monkey c-Met ECD (SiNo. Biological, 90304-CO8H), a human EGFR ECD strep (ACROBiosystems, EGR-H5285) and a cynomolgus monkey EGFR ECD (SiNo. Biological, 90285-008B) were used.
First of all, to capture an anti-c-Met antibody and a bispecific antibody, an Fc-specific anti-human IgG antibody (SouthernBiotech, 2047-01) was fixed to a CM5 sensor chip in the level of 10000 RU. The antibodies were diluted in HBS-EP buffer (0.01 M HEPES pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 3 mM EDTA and 0.005% (v/v) Surfactant P20) at a concentration of 1-2 μg/ml, after which the resulting antibodies were injected into a CM5 chip with an anti-human Ig Fc fixed thereto at a flow rate of 30 μl/min for 10-120 seconds, and then captured in a range of 150-200 RU. Each antigen was used after being diluted at 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125 and 0.15625 nM, after which the resulting antigens were sequentially injected from a lower concentration. Then, the resulting antigens were injected at a flow rate of 30 μl/min for 5 minutes to carry out binding, after which a running buffer was injected thereinto for 10-15 minutes to carry out a dissociation. 15 μl of 10 mM Glycine-HCl (pH 1.5) was used to revive the chip. A binding and dissociation speed for each cycle was evaluated by using a “1:1 Langmuir binding” model in BIAevaluation software version 4.1, and biacore data are summarized in Tables 22 and 23.
The data were used to prove that the hu8C4, hu8C4×Vectibix scFv bispecific antibodies of the present invention bind to c-Met ECD of human and cynomolgus monkey with an excellent affinity.
Binding of c-Met antibody and bispecific antibody to c-Met ECD and EGFR ECD between mouse, cynomolgus monkey and human was measured by using ELISA.
Particularly, mouse c-Met (SiNo. Biological Inc, 50622-M08H), cynomolgus monkey c-Met (SiNo. Biological Inc, 90304-CO8H), human c-Met (R&D Systems, 358-MT), mouse EGFR (SiNo. Biological Inc, 51091-M08H), cynomolgus monkey EGFR (SiNo. Biological, 90285-008B) and human EGFR (Abcam, 155639) antigens were all divided into a 96-well plate at a concentration of 2 μg/ml, after which the resulting plate was reacted at 4° C. overnight. After being blocked at room temperature for 1 hour, hu8C4×Vectibix scFv bispecific antibody was sequentially diluted at a ratio of 1/5 from 100 nM to measure its binding capacity in 7 concentration sections (i.e., 100 nM, 20 nM, 4 nM, 800 pM, 160 pM, 32 pM and 6.4 pM).
After binding the hu8C4×Vectibix scFv bispecific antibody at room temperature for 1 hour, anti-human IgG, F(ab′)2 fragment specific-HRP conjugated antibody (Jackson Immunoresearch, 109-035-097) was diluted at a ratio of 1:2500, after which the resulting antibody was reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. Color development was made by using TMB (Sigma, T4444) solution, wherein its value was measured at an optical density of 450 nm and its ELISA results are shown in
In result, it was identified that hu8C4 monospecific antibody and hu8C4×Vectibix scFv bispecific antibody did not bind to a mouse c-Met and a mouse EGFR, but bind to monkey and human c-Mets and EGFRs. Also, it was identified that a human IgG antibody, used as a negative control group, did not bind at all. The results above suggest that the c-Met antibody of the present invention is specific only to human and monkey c-Mets and EGFRs.
Specificity of hu8C4 antibody specifically binding to c-Met according to the present invention as well as its cross-reactivity to other receptor tyrosine kinase antigens were analyzed by an indirect ELISA method, and 5 antigens of FGF R3, VEGFR R2, IGF IR, PDGF R and RON were selected out of key receptor tyrosine kinases to perform an analysis.
In this Example, human c-Met Fc chimera (R&D systems, 358-MT_CF), human FGF R3 (IIIc) Fc chimera (R&D systems, 766-FR), human IGF-I R (R&D systems, 391-GR-050), human PDGF Rβ Fc chimera (R&D systems, 385-PR_CF), human VEGF R2 Fc chimera (R&D systems, 357-KD_CF) and human MSP R/Ron (R&D systems, 1947-MS-050) were used as an antigen.
Each antigen was diluted in 0.05 M carbonate-bicarbonate (Sigma, C3041) buffer at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, after which the resulting antigen was added into each well of a 96-well plate (Corning, #2592), such that the resulting plate was coated at 4° C. overnight. The plate was washed once with TBS-T, after which TBS-T containing 4%—skim milk was added by 200 μl into each well of the resulting plate in order to inhibit a non-specific binding, such that the resulting plate was reacted at 37° C. for 1 hour. Then, the plate was washed once with TBS-T buffer, after which a primary antibody was sequentially diluted in TBS-T buffer containing 2%—skim milk from a highest concentration of 30 nM to 0.002 nM, such that the resulting antibody was added by 100 μk into each well, thus being reacted at 37° C. for 2 hours. After being washed three times with TBS-T buffer, an anti-human kappa light chains-peroxidase (Sigma, A7164) was diluted at a ratio of 1:5000 as a secondary antibody, after which the resulting antibody was added by 100 μl into each well, thus being reacted at 37° C. for 1 hour. Then, after being washed three times with TBS-T buffer, TMB solution (Sigma, T4444) was added by 100 μl into each well to carry out an color developing reaction, after which 2 N ammonium sulfate solution was added by 50 μl into each well to stop the reaction. An optical density was measured based on a value at a wavelength of 450 nm by using a microplate reader and a reference wavelength of 570 nm was used. A degree of binding of an anti-c-Met antibody to each antigen was proportionate to an optical density signal value, wherein results thereof are shown in Table 24.
As seen in Table 24, the hu8C4 antibody of the present invention preferentially binds to c-Met, and it was identified that it did hardly bind to other antigens of FGF R3, VEGFR R2, IGF IR, PDGF R and RON.
It was identified that the c-Met antibody of the present invention had an in vitro internalization activity in tumor cells as well as an effect on reducing a receptor level by a bispecific antibody capable of simultaneously binding to c-Met and EGFR.
First of all, an antibody internalization occurs by a physiological activity of a normal receptor, wherein, when binding to a specific ligand, the receptor normally expressed outside cells becomes activated through a homo- or hetero-dimerization and causes a receptor-mediated endocytosis. An antibody specific to a receptor of a cell has a capacity to induce such phenomenon and is internalized into the cell by causing the endocytosis, thus inducing a decomposition of the receptor, reducing a degree of expression thereof, and possibly inhibiting a signal transduction by a certain receptor. An amount of antibodies bound outside cells may be detected by using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) device, thus finding an amount of antibodies internalized inside the cells. In case of binding antibodies by using an antibody with FITC binding to an anti-human kappa LC as a secondary antibody for a light chain of an antibody to be measured, it is possible to quantitatively measure an amount of antibodies, which are not internalized, but remain binding to a target receptor outside cells, thus identifying an amount of internalized antibodies accordingly. It is possible to measure a background signal by a non-specific binding of an antibody used in a test by using a human IgG antibody, non-specific to an antigen, thus measuring a fluorescent signal by an actual specific binding.
In this Example, a MKN45 cell line (# JCRB0254), which was a stomach cancer cell line, was used to identify an in vitro internalization activity of c-Met antibody inside tumor cells. MKN45 expresses a c-Met receptor at a high level by amplification of MET gene, such that a phosphorylation of the c-Met receptor is induced in an HGF-nondependent way. A test was performed as follows to see if a c-Met receptor is internalized into a cell by an anti-c-Met antibody hu8C4, thus reducing a level of expression.
First of all, MKN45 stomach cancer cell lines were divided by 5.0×105 into each well of a 6-well plate containing an RPMI-1640 medium (2 ml) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the plate was cultured under 37° C., RH 95% and 5% CO2 conditions for 24 hours. An anti-c-Met antibody to be analyzed as well as an anti-IgG antibody (control group) were diluted to reach a final concentration of 100 nM, after which the resulting antibodies were reacted overnight. As a plate to be used as a non-internalized control group was treated as an anti-c-Met antibody and a human IgG antibody (control group), after which the resulting plate was reacted at 4° C. for 1 hour. Then, cells of each well were collected with 1 ml of an enzyme-free cell dissociation buffer (Gibco, #13151), after which the collected cells were washed twice with a cold PBS. As a secondary antibody, anti-human kappa LC-FITC (LSBio # LS-C60539) was diluted at a ratio of 1:2000, after which the resulting antibody was added thereinto, thus being reacted at 4° C. for 1 hour. Then, the cells were washed twice with PBS, after which the resulting cells were fixed with 100 μl of BD Cytofix (BD, #554655) and washed once with PBS, such that an FITC geo-mean (MFI) value, a degree of fluorescent staining, was measured by using a BD FACS Canto II parenchymatous cell analyzer. An amount of antibodies bound outside cells was obtained by a following formula, wherein results thereof are shown in Table 25.
Surface bound Ab(%)=[(MFI[37° C. exp.]−MFI[IgG control])/(MFI[4° C. control]−MFI[IgG control])]×100
As seen in Table 25 above, it can be shown that OA-5D5, an anti-c-Met antibody used as a control group, was hardly internalized into cells, while the hu8C4 antibody of the present invention was internalized about 40% or more into cells in MKN45 stomach cancer cell line. That is, it is shown that the hu8C4 antibody remarkably reduces a level of expression of a c-Met receptor.
Then, a test for measuring a receptor level on NCI-H820 lung cancer cell line was performed in order to identify an effect of reducing a receptor level by a bispecific antibody capable of simultaneously binding to c-Met receptor and EGFR receptor. The NCI-H820 cell line is a cell line suitable for measuring an effect of reducing a receptor level by an anti-c-Met×EGFR bispecific antibody, because a c-Met receptor was expressed in a level of about 83,000 SABC (specific antibody-binding capacity) and an EGFR receptor is expressed in a level of about 74,000 SABC.
First of all, NCI-H820 cell lines were divided by 1.0×105 into each well of a 6-well plate with an RPMI-1640 medium (2 ml) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting plate was cultured overnight under 37° C., RH 95% and 5% CO2 conditions for 24 hours. Then, it was replaced with a serum-free medium, after which the resulting plate was cultured overnight under 37° C., RH 95% and 5% CO2 conditions for 24 hours. Then, an anti-c-Met antibody, an anti-c-Met x EGFR bispecific antibody, an anti-EGFR antibody and a human IgG antibody as a control group, which were to be analyzed, were diluted and treated in a medium containing 2%—FBS to reach a final concentration of 10 nM, after which the resulting antibodies were cultured for 5 days. After that, cells of each well were collected with 1 ml of an enzyme-free cell dissociation buffer, after which the collected cells were washed twice with a cold PBS. Subsequently, goat F(ab′)2 anti-mouse IgG-CSF (R&D Systems Cat. # F0103B) was added by 10 μl into each well as a secondary antibody, thus being reacted at 4° C. for 1 hour. Then, the cells were washed twice with PBS, after which the resulting cells were fixed with 100 μl of BD Cytofix (BD, #554655) and washed once with PBS, such that an FITC geo-mean (MFI) value, a degree of fluorescent staining, was measured by using a BD FACS Canto II parenchymatous cell analyzer.
In result, when treating an anti-c-Met antibody hu8C4, an EGFR receptor was hardly decreased, but a c-Met receptor was remarkably decreased to a level of 2% (
Thus, it was identified that the hu8C4×Vectibix bispecific antibody of the present invention remarkably reduced a level of expression of c-Met and EGFR receptors simultaneously.
Then, an experiment using an NCI-H820 cell line was performed to identify an effect of the bispecific antibody of the present invention on the activity of antigen and signal transduction materials.
First of all, NCI-H820 cell lines were divided into a 6-well plate at a concentration of 5×105 cells per well, after which the resulting plate was cultured overnight under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions, such that it was replaced with a serum-free medium and cultured overnight again. An antibody was diluted and treated in a serum-free medium at a concentration of 100 nM, after which the resulting antibody was reacted for 24 hours, such that HGF (Gibco, PHG0254) and EGF (R&D Systems, 236-EG-200) were treated at a concentration of 50 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml respectively 15 minutes before collecting cells. Then, the cells were dissolved in a dissolution buffer to carry out a collection of cells, after which a protein concentration was quantified by using a Lowry assay method. 20 μg of protein was loaded onto each well and run in SDS-PAGE, after which blotting was performed in a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking the membrane, all the primary antibodies were diluted and reacted at a ratio of 1:1,000, after which HRP-binding anti-rabbit antibody was diluted at a ratio of 1:5,000 and reacted as secondary cells. Then, the antibodies absorbed onto the membrane were reacted with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL), after which the resulting antibodies were measured by using an LC-3000 device.
In result, as seen in
Thus, the hu8C4×Vectibix scFv bispecific antibody of the present invention may reduce an activity of receptor such as EGFR, Erk, Akt, etc., and downstream signal transduction substances in NCI-H820 cell line. In result, it is shown that the antibody of the present invention shows an efficacy through a signal transduction inhibition.
An experiment was performed representatively by using hu8C4 IgG2×Vectibix scFv in order to identify a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity by the bispecific antibody of the present invention in an HGF-dependent U-87 MG cell xenograft model.
First of all, human glioblastoma U-87 MG cell lines were cultured under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions by using an EMEM (ATCC® 30-2003™) medium containing L-glutamine (300 mg/l), 25 mM HEPES, 25 mM NaHCO3, 10% heat inactivated FBS and the like. Then, U-87 MG cells were subcutaneously inoculated by 200 μl into a flank of a 6 to 8 week-old male athymic nude mouse (Harlan) at a concentration of 1×107 per mouse. After identifying that a tumor volume formed in 25 days after inoculation reached 60-130 mm3, a grouping was performed, after which a test material was intraperitoneally administered once a week for 4 weeks (total 5 times: 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The test material was administered 5 mg/kg, and a tumor volume and a mouse weight were measured twice a week. For data, a comparison between an excipient control group and a test material-administered group was generally verified by using Student t-test, and a statistical method used was Origin Pro 8.5 program. “Maximum inhibition %” indicates an inhibition % of tumor growth compared to a solvent-treated control group.
In result, a group administered with 3.5 mg/kg and 6.8 mg/kg of hu8C4 IgG2× Vectibix scFv had a maximum inhibition 96% for a tumor volume compared to a solvent control group, and a group administered with 1.5 mg/kg thereof had a maximum inhibition 80%, thus reducing a tumor volume to a significant level from a 7th day after administration until the final day of the test (p<0.01) (
Thus, it was identified from results above that the bispecific antibody of the present invention remarkably reduced a tumor growth, thus having an excellent antitumor efficacy.
NCI-H820 cell line, which is a cell line with threonine (T) of EGFR amino acid no. 790 mutated into methionine (M) and with a MET gene amplified, is known as a resistant cell line of AZD9291 (osimertinib, tagrisso), which is a third generation EGFR TKI (Darren A. E. Cross, et al., Cancer Discov. 4(9): 1046-1061 (2014)). An evaluation was made in an NCI-H820 xenograft mouse model by representatively using hu8C4×Vectibix scFv out of the bispecific antibodies of the present invention, in order to see a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity of the bispecific antibody in NCI-H820 cell line having resistance to such EGFR TKI.
Particularly, a mouse used in this Example was a 6-week-old male mouse (Jackson Laboratory, STOCK Hgftm1.1 (HGF) Aveo Prkdcscid/J), wherein a mouse HGF gene was removed therefrom and transformed to express a human HGF gene. The NCI-H820 (ATCC, # HTB-181) cell line was inserted into a flask for cell culture along with an RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS, after which the resulting flask was cultured under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions. Then, the resulting cells were washed with PBS and 2.5% trypsin-EDTA (Gibco, 15090) was diluted 10 times, after which it was added thereinto to separate the cells. After that, a centrifugation (1,000 rpm, 5 min.) was performed to get rid of supernatant and obtain a cell suspension in a new medium. Subsequently, a cell viability was identified by a microscope, after which the resulting cells were diluted in a serum-free medium at a concentration of 5.0×107 cells/ml, thus preparing cell lines. The cell lines prepared were subcutaneously administered into a mouse by an amount of 0.1 ml/head. After administration, when a tumor size in a region with cell lines transplanted thereinto reached about 100-150 mm3, cell lines were distributed so that a tumor size of each group can be evenly dispersed according to a ranked tumor size. Then, oncogenesis was identified twice a week from a 7th day after starting cell administration until 28th day after a day of grouping (day of starting an administration of test material) and after closing an administration of test material, after which a tumor's major axis and minor axis were measured by a calipers, thus calculating a tumor size (ab2/2 (a: a length of major axis, b: a length of minor axis)). Statistical analysis was performed by Prism 5.03 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA). If a p value is less than 0.05, it was judged as statistically significant.
In result, in all the groups administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv from a 4th day after starting an administration of test material until 28th day thereof, it was shown that a tumor proliferation inhibitory activity was significantly higher than a solvent control group (p<0.001), and it was also identified that a tumor inhibition ratio amounted to maximum 100% (
An in vitro test on cell proliferation inhibitory activity was performed by NCI-H2170 cell line, in order to evaluate a tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity according to a combination of the anti-c-Met antibody 5G3 of the present invention and anti-HER2 antibody. NCI-H2170 cell line (ATCC # CRL-5928) is a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor cell line, wherein, as a result of measuring its receptor level, EGFR was expressed in the level of about 2,700 specific antibody-binding capacity (SABC), while c-Met was expressed in the level of about 11,000 SABC.
Particularly, NCI-H2170 cells were diluted in an RPMI-1640 culture medium containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cells were added by 100 μl into a plate at a concentration of 3.0×103 cells per well, such that the resulting plate was cultured under 37° C., 95% RH and 5% (v/v) CO2 conditions for 18-24 hours. Then, the cell culture medium of each well was removed therefrom, after which an RPMI1640 medium containing 2% (v/v) FBS was added by 100 μl into each well. After that, antibodies prepared at 2× of a final concentration (100 nM) were continuously diluted at a ratio of 1/10, such that the resulting antibodies were added by 100 μl into each well at six concentrations (i.e., 200 nM, 20 nM, 2 nM, 200 pM, 20 pM and 2 pM) for each antibody. The plate was cultured for 5 days under 37° C., 95% RH and 5% (v/v) CO2 conditions, after which 20 μl of WST-8 solution (CCK-8, Dojindo) was added into each well on the final day to carry out color development for 1-2 hours, such that an optical density was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm by a microplate reader.
Results of cell proliferation inhibitory activity are shown in Table 26 and
As seen in Table 26, it was identified that a combined treatment of 5G3 and A091 antibody (Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1515535) as an anti-HER2 antibody had a more excellent tumor cell proliferation inhibitory capacity than a single treatment of each antibody in NCI-H2170 tumor cell line.
An anticancer activity experiment was performed on an NCI-H2170 xenograft mouse model as a lung cancer cell line, in order to see a combined efficacy of HER2 antibody and c-Met antibody.
Particularly, in this Example a tumor size of a mouse was measured by the same method as shown in Example 14 by using the same mouse as shown in Example 13 above. Results of evaluating an antitumor efficacy by a combination of A091 and 5G3 in an NCI-H2170 xenograft mouse model as a lung tumor cell are shown in
In result, in case of carrying out a single administration of A091 alone or a combined administration of A091 and 5G3, a tumor volume was decreased to a significant level compared to a solvent control group from a 14th day after administration (p<0.05). Also, a group administered with a combination of A091 and 5G3 showed a significant decrease in a tumor volume compared to a group administered with A091 alone or a group administered with BsAB02 (US2010/0254988 A1) as a control bispecific antibody (p<0.01).
As NCI-H596 cell line was a lung cancer cell line with a mutation in exon14 of c-Met, an evaluation was made on an NCI-H596 xenograft mouse model, in order to identify an anticancer effect of hu8C4×Vectibix scFv.
In this Example, a tumor size of a mouse was measured by using the same mouse and the same method as shown in Example 14 above.
Results of evaluating an anticancer efficacy after administering hu8C4×Vectibix scFv once or twice a week for total 4 weeks in an NCI-H596 xenograft model as a lung tumor cell are shown in
As a result of measuring a tumor size, a level of tumor size in a group administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv 10 mg/kg twice a week showed a statistically significant difference compared to a control group from an 11th day after starting an administration of test material until the end of an experiment, and levels of tumor sizes in a group administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv 5 mg/kg twice a week and a group administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv 10 mg/kg once a week were also significantly lower compared to a control group from an 18th day after starting an administration of test material. Also, a level of tumor size in a group administered with test material had a tendency of change in a dose-correlated way according to a test material dose, and a tumor size of a test group was lower compared to a control group even after a final day of administering a test material (Day 28).
As EBC-1 was a lung cancer cell line with an amplification of c-Met gene, an evaluation was made on an EBC-1 xenograft mouse model, in order to identify an anticancer effect of hu8C4×Vectibix scFv.
A mouse used in this Example was a six-week-old female athymic nude mouse (Harlan). EBC-1 (JCRB, # JCRB0820) cell lines were inserted into a flask for cell culture together with an EMEM medium containing 10% FBS, after which the resulting cell lines were cultured under 37° C., 5% CO2 conditions. Cell lines were prepared in such a way that the resulting cell lines were diluted in a serum-free medium at a concentration of 5.0×107 cells/ml, after which the cell lines were subcutaneously administered into a mouse by an amount of 0.1 ml/head. When a tumor size in a region with cell lines transplanted thereinto reached about 100-150 mm3, hu8C4× Vectibix scFv was administered once or twice a week for total 4 weeks, after which a tumor size of the mouse was measured by the same method as shown in Example 14.
Results of evaluating an anticancer efficacy by hu8C4×Vectibix scFv in an EBC-1 xenograft model as a lung cancer cell are shown in
As a result of measuring a tumor size, a level of tumor size in a group administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv 10 mg/kg twice a week showed a statistically significant difference compared to a control group from a 7th day after starting an administration of test material until a 56th day after starting an administration of test material. A group administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv 5 mg/kg twice a week and a group administered with the same once a week showed a significant low level compared to a control group from an 18th day after starting an administration of test material. Also, a level of tumor size in a group administered with test material had a tendency of change in a dose-correlated way according to a test material dose, and a level of tumor size in a group administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv 10 mg/kg twice a week during an observation period after a final day (Day 28) of administering a test material was significantly low compared to a control group until a 56th day after starting an administration of test material. In particular, it was found that one individual in a group administered with hu8C4×Vectibix scFv 10 mg/kg twice a week had a complete response on an 18th day after starting an administration of test material.
An effect of reducing c-Met and EGFR on the surface of in vitro tumor cells by the bispecific antibody (hu8C4×Vectibix scFv) of the present invention was identified and compared with an effect of the c-Met antibody (hu8C4) of the present invention, vectibix, c-Met/EGFR combination, and other antibodies.
A receptor generally located on a cell membrane was internalized into a cell when binding to an antibody, thus an amount thereof located on the cell membrane was decreased. A decrease in the receptor on such cell membrane causes an inhibition of receptor activation and a decrease in a downstream signal thereof by a ligand binding.
In this Example, a lung adenocarcinoma cell line HCC827 was used to observe a decrease in c-Met and EGFR on a cell membrane. HCC827 has an EGFR E746-A750 deletion mutation and overexpresses c-Met. HCC827 was treated with the bispecific antibody (hu8C4×Vectibix scFv) of the present invention and other antibodies, after which immunofluorescence staining was performed by an antibody specific to c-Met and EGFR, such that the resulting cell line was analyzed with a fluorescence activated cell sorter, thus measuring an amount of c-Met and EGFR on the surface of cells. A detailed method is as follows.
First of all, HCC827 cells (ATCC® CRL-2868™) were divided by 3.0×105 into each well of a 6-well plate containing an RPMI-1640 medium (2 ml) containing 10% (v/v) FBS, after which the plate was cultured under 37° C., RH 95% and 5% CO2 conditions for 24 hours. The bispecific antibody (hu8C4×Vectibix scFv) of the present invention, the c-Met antibody (hu8C4) of the present invention, vectibix, a mixture of the c-Met antibody (hu8C4) of the present invention and vectibix, C-EM1 and LA480 were diluted to reach a final concentration of 100 nM, after which the resulting antibodies were treated and reacted for 18 hours. As a plate to be used as a non-decreasing control group with c-Met and EGFR, a human IgG antibody was treated and reacted for 18 hours. Then, cells of each well were collected by 500 μl of an enzyme-free cell dissociation buffer (Gibco, #13151), after which cells were separated from the enzyme-free cell dissociation buffer by a centrifugal separator, such that the enzyme-free cell dissociation buffer was removed therefrom. For immunofluorescence staining, a goat-derived c-Met antibody (R&D systems, AF276), a goat-derived EGFR antibody (R&D systems, AF231) or a non-specific goat-derived antibody for measuring an amount of staining were mixed by 2 μg respectively with 200 μl of a cold PBS containing 2% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting antibodies were treated into each well, such that the resulting plate was reacted at 4° C. for 1 hour. Then, the resulting plate was washed twice with a cold PBS containing 2% (v/v) FBS. ALEXA488 was bound as a secondary antibody, after which 1 μl of a donkey-derived antibody (Thermo Fisher, A-11055) binding to a goat antibody was diluted with 200 μl of a cold PBS containing 2% (v/v) FBS, such that the resulting antibody was used. After being reacted with the secondary antibody at 4° C. for 1 hour, the resulting cells were washed twice with a cold PBS containing 2% (v/v) FBS, after which the resulting cells were fixed by using 200 μl of BD Cytofix (BD, #554655). After being washed once with PBS, an ALEXA488 Geo-mean (MFI) value, a degree of fluorescent staining, was measured by using a BD FACS Canto II fluorescence activated cell sorter. An amount of c-Met and EGFR located on a cell membrane was indicated as geo mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) by a following formula. With regard to values obtained after repeatedly performing a test three times, an average and standard deviation thereof are shown in Table 27 and
c-Met or EGFR surface amount=geo MFI[experimental group]−geo MFI[non-specific goat-derived antibody]
As seen in Table 27 above, all the antibodies binding to c-Met decreased c-Met on the surface of cells by 40˜70%, while antibodies binding to EGFR showed an insignificant effect of decreasing by 10-15%. Further considering an effect of reducing c-Met, hu8C4, combination of hu8C4+Vectibix, C-EM1 and C-LA480 decreased c-Met on the surface of cells by about 40% or so, while hu8C4×Vectibix scFv decreased c-Met on the surface of cells by 70%, thus showing a more excellent effect of reducing c-Met on the surface of cells than other antibodies and a combination of antibodies.
Results above show that the bispecific antibody (hu8C4×Vectibix scFv) of the present invention remarkably decreases an amount of c-Met on the surface of cells.
To figure out an epitope of the bispecific antibody (hu8C4×Vectibix scFv) of the present invention on a human c-Met antigen, its analysis was commissioned to the molecule model design support team of the Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (KBIO, Korea). The analysis was performed by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS).
c-Met sema domain consists of two α/β chains, thus identifying each coverage for the two chains. Due to a presence of a number of disulfide bonds in a sample, a peptide coverage was optimized by adjusting a quench holding time, a TCEP concentration, a pepsin concentration, etc. Finally, an experiment was performed under quench buffer conditions with 100 mM K. Phosphate, 125 mM TCEP, 0.5 M Guanidine-HCl and pH 2.66.
Antigens and antibodies were prepared at a concentration of 3.3 mg/ml and 65 mg/ml respectively, and 37 pmol of cMET antigens and 36 pmol of antibodies were bound 3 hours before the experiment. A deuterium labeling buffer was reacted for 0, 0.33, 10, 60 and 240 minutes. Labeling was stopped with a quench buffer in accordance with each labeling time and vortexing was performed, after which they were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, thus being stored at −80° C. before the analysis. The resulting antigens and antibodies were loaded onto a pepsin column and analyzed with a mass spectrometer (MS).
As a result of the analysis, it was identified that the bispecific antibody (hu8C4×Vectibix scFv) of the present invention binds to a 3-dimensional form of epitopes in 4 regions of Y321-L329 (SEQ. No. 331), 1333-1341 (SEQ. No. 332), P366-D372 (SEQ. No. 333), and Q464-S474 (SEQ. No. 334) of a human c-Met sema domain β chain (Table 28). A labeling was performed on a tertiary structure of a human c-Met antigen (PDB No. 4K3J) by using a PyMOL program, wherein results thereof are shown in
From the results above, it can be seen that the mouse antibody, humanized antibody, affinity-optimized antibody or antigen binding fragments thereof of the present invention, specifically binding to c-Met, selectively act on c-Met, wherein they show an excellent cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activity as well as a remarkably excellent anticancer activity even by a little amount thereof, thus effectively preventing or treating cancer.
While specific portions of the present invention have been described in detail above, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that such detailed descriptions are set forth to illustrate exemplary embodiments only, but are not construed to limit the scope of the present invention. Thus, it should be understood that the substantial scope of the present invention is defined by the accompanying claims and equivalents thereto.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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| 10-2017-0067106 | May 2017 | KR | national |
| 10-2018-0061888 | May 2018 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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| PCT/KR2018/006182 | 5/30/2018 | WO |
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| WO2018/221969 | 12/6/2018 | WO | A |
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