Patent Application
20240043474
The present disclosure relates to an anti-inflammatory peptide for preventing or treating of atopic dermatitis.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, intractable skin inflammatory disease that is common in children with symptoms persistable into adulthood. It is usually accompanied by pruritus (itching), dry skin, and specific eczema, and especially, repetitive scratching actions due to severe itching may cause damage to the skin barrier, worsen inflammation, and aggravate itching, entering a continuous vicious cycle. Dry skin also causes and exacerbates itching.
Estimated main causes of atopic dermatitis are environmental factors, genetic predisposition, immunological abnormalities, and abnormalities in the skin protective barrier, but the cause of occurrence is not yet clearly known, posing a difficulty in finding and treating the root cause of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, rather than aiming for complete curing of atopic dermatitis, it is general to avoid triggers and control symptoms of atopic dermatitis through appropriate treatment.
Currently, steroids and calcineurin inhibitors are the most applied as therapeutic agents for atopic dermatitis. In addition, antihistamines that suppress itching and antibiotics are used to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Although steroids (adrenocorticosteroids) exhibit outstanding effects owing to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions, long-term application may cause side effects such as skin weakening, systemic hormone symptoms, and addictiveness. Calcineurin inhibitors may be applied onto thin and weak skin, but the use thereof is limited due to carcinogenesis in infants and children. In addition, antihistamines may be used as a temporary measure to relieve itchy symptoms by preventing histamine from being released from mast cells, but side effects may appear such as sleeplessness, anxiety, and a loss of appetite in the long-term application.
Recently, Elidel Cream 1% (ingredient: pimecrolimus), a nonsteroidal atopic dermatitis immunotherapy approved by the U.S. FDA in December 2001, has been prescribed as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis in the U.S. and around the world, and PDE-4 inhibitors have been released. However, a problem remains concerning the recurrence rate that reaches 45% after 4 weeks of treatment discontinuation with PDE-4 inhibitor.
Therefore, there is a need for a safe, effective therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis without these side effects.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a novel peptide having an anti-inflammatory effect.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis, including the peptide as an active ingredient.
In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a peptide or fragment thereof having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 17.
The present disclosure provides a conjugate in which the peptide or fragment thereof is conjugated with a biocompatible polymer or fatty acid.
The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis, including, as an active ingredient, one or more selected from the group consisting of the peptide or fragment thereof, and the conjugate.
In addition, the present disclosure provides a cosmetic composition for preventing or ameliorating atopic dermatitis, including, as an active ingredient, one or more selected from the group consisting of the peptide or fragment thereof, and the conjugate.
A novel peptide or fragment thereof, or the conjugate thereof according to the present disclosure, has an outstanding anti-inflammatory activity and thus may be utilized as a pharmaceutical composition or cosmetic composition for preventing, treating, or ameliorating atopic dermatitis.
By utilizing the composition, it is possible to prevent, treat, or ameliorate atopic dermatitis safely and more effectively from side effects of conventional therapeutic agents for atopy.
Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail.
The present inventor completed the present disclosure by preparing a novel peptide to identify an anti-inflammatory activity thereof and determine a therapeutic effect in atopic dermatitis-induced mouse models.
The present disclosure provides a peptide or fragment thereof having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 17.
The peptide or fragment thereof has an immunoregulatory function or anti-inflammatory activity.
In addition, the peptide or fragment thereof penetrates skin tissues and passes through cell membranes.
In addition, the peptide or fragment thereof inhibits the frequency of CD4 T cells to suppress cytokines, thereby having an activity in atopic dermatitis.
The cytokine may be one or more selected from the group consisting of IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-31, but is not limited thereto.
The letters used in the amino acids refer to the following amino acids according to the standard abbreviation regulations in the field of biochemistry.
A (Ala): alanine; C (Cys): cysteine; D (Asp): aspartic acid; E (Glu): glutamic acid; F (Phe): phenylalanine; G (Gly): glycine; H (His): histidine; I (IIe): isoleucine; K (Lys): lysine; L (Leu): leucine; M (Met): methionine; N (Asn): asparagine; O (Ply): pyrrolysine; P (Pro): proline; Q (Gln): glutamine; R (Arg): arginine; S (Ser): serine; T (Thr): threonine; U (Sec): selenocysteine, V (Val): valine; W (Trp): tryptophan; Y (Tyr): tyrosine.
As used herein, the term “peptide or fragment thereof” refers to a polymer consisting of two or more amino acids linked by an amide bond (or peptide bond).
The peptide or fragment thereof according to the present disclosure may have an immunoregulatory function or anti-inflammatory activity.
According to one experimental example of the present disclosure, it was found that the increased frequency of IL-4R alpha, CCR3, and CTLA-4 positive cells in mice having atopic dermatitis all decreased after treatment of a peptide A900, and cytokines such as IL-13, IL-4, TNF alpha, and IL-17 were also reduced.
The peptide or fragment thereof consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 17 according to the present disclosure may be derived from natural sources and may be chemically synthesized using chemical synthesis methods or genetic engineering methods known in the art, or may be obtained using gene recombination techniques, but is not limited thereto.
Typical methods for the above known chemical synthesis (Creighton, Proteins; Structures and Molecular Principles, W. H. Freeman and Co., NY, 1983) include liquid or solid phase synthesis, fragment condensation, F-MOC, or T-BOC chemical methods (Chemical Approaches to the Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins, Williams et al., Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton Florida, 1997; A Practical Approach, Athert on & Sheppard, Eds., IRL Press, Oxford, England, 1989), but are not limited thereto.
The genetic engineering method may enable construction of a DNA sequence that encodes the peptide or fragment thereof according to conventional methods. The DNA sequence may be constructed by PCR amplification using appropriate primers. Alternatively, DNA sequences may be synthesized via standard methods known in the art, such as automated DNA synthesizers (sold by Biosearch or Applied Biosystems).
The synthesized DNA sequence is operably linked thereto and inserted into a vector including one or more expression control sequences that regulate expression of DNA sequences, and transforms host cells using the recombinant expression vector formed therefrom to produce a transformant. The produced transformant is cultured in a medium and conditions appropriate to express the DNA sequence to harvest a substantially pure peptide encoded by the DNA sequence from a culture. The harvesting may be performed using a method known in the art (such as chromatography).
The peptide according to the present disclosure may include not only a peptide having a natural type of amino acid sequences but also an amino acid sequence variant thereof.
The term “amino acid sequence variant” as used herein refers to a peptide having a different sequence of one or more amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence according to the present disclosure by deletion, insertion, non-conservative or conservative substitution, substitution of amino acid analogs, or combinations thereof, but the activity of a molecule is not changed as a whole by the above mutation.
In addition, the peptide according to the present disclosure may be modified by phosphorylation, sulfation, acrylation, glycosylation, methylation, and farnesylation.
In addition, the present disclosure provides a conjugate in which a peptide or fragment thereof consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 17 is conjugated with a biocompatible polymer or fatty acid.
The biocompatible polymer may be one or more selected from the group consisting of pullulan, chondroitin sulfate, hyauronic acid (HA), glycol chitosan, starch, chitosan, dextran, pectin, curdlan, poly-L-lysine, poly-aspartic acid (PAA), polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(caprolactone-lactide) random copolymer (PCLA), poly(caprolactone-glycolide) random copolymer (PCGA), poly(lactide-glycolide) random copolymer (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), pluronic F-68, and pluronic F-127, but is not limited thereto.
The fatty acid may be one or more selected from the group consisting of hexanoic acid, caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16) stearic acid (C18), and cholesterol, but is not limited thereto.
By conjugating the peptide or fragment thereof with the biocompatible polymer or fatty acid, a specific purpose such as increasing the stability of the peptide may be performed. For example, the peptide or fragment thereof may be conjugated (PEGylation) with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a biocompatible polymer, to make the peptide or protein water soluble or improve the half-life.
The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis, including, as an active ingredient, one or more selected from the group consisting of a peptide or fragment thereof consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 17, and a conjugate in which the peptide or fragment thereof is conjugated with a biocompatible polymer or fatty acid.
The composition is selected from the group consisting of oral preparations, external preparations, suppositories, and injections, but is not limited thereto.
The peptide or fragment thereof, or the conjugate has an outstanding anti-inflammatory activity and thus may be used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis.
The peptide or fragment thereof, or the conjugate may be included in an amount of 0.001 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total composition, but is not limited thereto.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure may be prepared according to conventional methods in the pharmaceutical field.
The pharmaceutical composition may be combined with an appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable carrier according to a formulation and may be prepared, as needed, by further including excipients, diluents, dispersants, emulsifiers, buffers, stabilizers, binders, disintegrants, and solvents.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a state non-toxic to cells or humans exposed to the pharmaceutical composition, and the appropriate carrier may not interfere with the activity and properties of the peptide or fragment thereof, or the conjugate according to the present disclosure, which may be selected differently according to the dosage form and formulation.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure may be applied in any formulation, and more specifically, it may be used by being formulated in parenteral formulations of oral formulations, external preparations, suppositories, and sterile injection solutions according to conventional methods.
A solid formulation of the oral formulation may be prepared in the form of tablets, pills, acids, granules, and capsules by mixing with at least one or more excipients such as starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose, lactose, sorbitol, mannitol, cellulose, and gelatin and may include lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc in addition to simple excipients. In addition, in the case of the capsule formulation, liquid carriers such as fatty oil may be further included in addition to the above-mentioned substances.
Liquid formulations of the oral formulations include suspensions, solutions, emulsions, and syrups, and various excipients such as wetting agents, sweeteners, fragrances, and preservatives may be included in addition to commonly used simple diluents such as water and liquid paraffin.
The parenteral formulation may include sterilized aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solvents, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilized preparations, and suppositories. Propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable esters such as ethyl oleate may be used as non-aqueous solvents and suspensions. Witepsol, macrogol, Tween 61, cacao butter, laurin fat, and glycerogelatin may be used as a base of the suppositories. Without limitation, all suitable preparations known in the art may be used.
In addition, in the pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure, calcium or vitamin D3 may be added further to enhance a therapeutic efficacy.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure may be administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically effective amount” refers to an amount sufficient to treat a disease at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to medical treatment without causing side effects.
The effective dose level of the pharmaceutical composition may be determined differently, depending on factors including the purpose of use, the age, sex, weight, and health status of a patient, the type of disease, severity, the activity of a drug, the sensitivity to the drug, the method of administration, duration of administration, administration routes and excretion rate, treatment periods, and drugs used in combination or simultaneously, and other well-known factors in the medical field. For example, although not constant, it may be administered generally in a dose of 0.001 to 100 mg/kg, preferably 0.01 to 10 mg/kg once to several times a day. The dosage does not limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure may be administered to any animal in which atopic dermatitis may occur, and the animal may include, for example, not only humans and primates, but also livestock such as cattle, pigs, horses, and dogs.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure may be administered by a suitable route of administration according to the formulation form and may be administered through various routes such as oral or parenteral forms, as long as it may reach the desired tissue. The method of administration may be conducted via conventional methods without particular limitation, for example, oral, rectal or intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, bronchial suction, intrauterine dural, or intracere-broventricular injections.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure may be solely used for prevention or treatment of atopic dermatitis and may be used in combination with surgery or other drug treatment.
The present disclosure provides a cosmetic composition for preventing or ameliorating atopic dermatitis, including, as an active ingredient, one or more selected from the group consisting of a peptide or fragment thereof consisting of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 17, and a conjugate in which the peptide or fragment thereof is conjugated with a biocompatible polymer or fatty acid.
The peptide or fragment thereof, or the conjugate has the outstanding anti-inflammatory activity and may be used as a cosmetic composition for preventing or ameliorating atopic dermatitis.
The peptide or fragment thereof, or the conjugate may be included in an amount of 0.001 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total composition, but is not limited thereto.
The cosmetic composition has a formulation of softening toner, nourishing toner, nourishing cream, gel, essence, soap, ointment, balm, or pack.
The cosmetic composition according to the present disclosure may further include one or more of ingredients listed in the cosmetic ingredient list registered in the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (ICID). For example, the cosmetic composition may further include one or more of adjuvants commonly used in the cosmetic field such as organic solvents, solubilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, softeners, antioxidants, suspensions, stabilizers, aromatics, surfactants, emulsifiers, fillers, metal ion blockers, preservatives, vitamins, blockers, wetting agents, dyes and pigments, hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents, or any other ingredient commonly used in cosmetics.
The vitamin may include water-soluble or oil-soluble vitamins, wherein the water-soluble vitamin may be combined in cosmetics as a water-soluble vitamin, preferably vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, pyridoxine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, folic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin H. In addition, salts thereof (thiamine hydrochloride, sodium ascorbate) or derivatives (ascorbic acid-2-sodium phosphate, ascorbic acid-2-magnesium phosphate) may also be included, and the water-soluble vitamins may be obtained by conventional methods such as microbial conversion methods, purification methods from cultures of microorganisms, enzyme methods, or chemical synthesis methods.
The cosmetic composition according to the present disclosure may be prepared in any formulation commonly prepared in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. For example, it may be formulated into toner, emulsion, lotion, cream, paste, gel, solution, suspension, oil, wax, pack, powder, foundation, spray, and surfactant-containing cleansing, but is not limited thereto.
More specifically, it may be prepared in formulations of softening toner, nourishing toner, astringent toner, nourishing cream, massage cream, milk lotion, powder, essence, eye cream, sun lotion, sun cream, makeup primer, makeup base, BB cream, powder foundation, emulsion foundation, cleansing cream, cleansing foam, cleansing water, soap, ointment, pack, stick products, balm type products, spray, or powder.
When the cosmetic composition according to the present disclosure has a cream or gel formulation, it may further include, as the carrier component, animal oil, vegetable oil, wax, paraffin, starch, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycol, silicone, bentonite, silica, talc, or zinc oxide.
When the cosmetic composition has the solution or emulsion formulation, water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol, glycerol aliphatic esters, polyethylene glycol, or sorbitan fatty acid esters may be added further as a solvent, a solvating agent, or an emulsifying agent.
When the cosmetic composition has the suspension formulation, liquid diluents such as water, ethanol, or propylene glycol, suspensions such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol ester, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar, or tragacanth may be included further as a component of the carrier.
If the cosmetic composition has the powder or spray formulation, lactose, talc, silica, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicate or polyamide powder may be included further as the carrier component, and in particular, in the case of the spray formulation, boosters such as chlorofluorohydrocarbon, propane/butane, or dimethyl ether may be additionally included.
When the cosmetic composition has the surfactant-containing cleansing formulation, aliphatic alcohol sulfate, aliphatic alcohol ether sulfate, sulfosuccinic acid monoester, isethionate, imidazolinium derivative, methyltaurate, sarcosinate, fatty acid amide ether sulfate, alkylamidobetaine, aliphatic alcohol, fatty acid glycerides, fatty acid diethanolamide, vegetable oil, linolin derivatives, or ethoxylated glycerol fatty acid ester may be included further as the carrier component.
The cosmetic composition according to the present disclosure may be applied once or twice or may be applied in combination with other cosmetic compositions other than the present disclosure. The cosmetic composition according to the present disclosure may be applied once or twice or may be applied in combination with other cosmetic compositions other than the present disclosure.
Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in detail to help the understanding of the present disclosure. However, the following example embodiments are merely illustrative of the content of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the following example embodiments. The example embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to more completely explain the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Customized by Anygen (http://www.anygen.com), peptides having amino acid sequences shown in Table 1 were prepared.
In addition, the A900 peptide variants shown in Table 2 below were prepared. Preparation was carried out via palmitoylation, hexanoylation, stearoylation, myristoylation, maleimidobutyrylation, addition of 2 polyethylene glycol (PEG2), or addition of 4 polyethylene glycol (PEG4) at the N terminus of the A900 peptides.
Experimental mice were bred in a 12-hour light/dark cycle, free of pathogens at a constant temperature of 23° C. and 55% humidity. After an adaptation period of several days, DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis was induced in mice by the following method.
First, the hair in the dorsal skin area was carefully shaved using a hair removal cream, and then 100 μL of 1% dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) dissolved in acetone was locally treated to exposed skin once a day for 3 days to sensitize the skin and induce atopic dermatitis. It was found that atopic dermatitis was developed on day 7 by treating 120 μL of 2% DNCB for 4 to 6 days.
A positive control group obtained by treating mice having atopic dermatitis with anti-inflammatory moisturizing cream (Control Cream) and Dupixent injection which is a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis was compared with a peptide (A900 peptide) treated group.
As shown in
In order to identify whether the peptide that has the effect of alleviating atopic dermatitis inflammation has an immunoregulatory function, splenocytes and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were separately isolated after administrating the external preparation into the mouse skin for five days, surface staining was performed with antibodies for FACS, and then the frequency of cells expressing interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R) alpha, C—C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) was analyzed via flow cytometry. Dupixent was administered in a form of a peritoneal injection and tested as a control group.
As a result of analyzing the anti-inflammatory activity of peptides using splenocytes, as shown in
As a result of analyzing the anti-inflammatory activity of peptides using peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of mice having atopic dermatitis, as shown in
Moreover, after treating mice having atopic dermatitis with the A900 peptide, as a result of isolating cells from splenocytes and analyzing the expression level of IL-4 by real-time PCR, as shown in
To determine the skin tissue penetration of the A900 peptide, peptide A900 peptide (A900-FAM) with fluorescent substance FAM (Carboxyfluorescein) attached to the N-terminus of A900 peptide was applied to the skin of ICR 4-week-old mice. As a result of making needle scratch on the skin of the right leg with no scratch on the skin of the left leg, applying 1 μg of peptide using a cotton swab, collecting skin tissues 2 hours later, and freeze-cutting for observation under a confocal microscope, as shown in
As a result of administering 3 μg of fluorescently labeled peptide to the mouse abdominal cavity and analyzing the frequency of fluorescence-expressing immune cells over time by FACS, as shown in
Lymph node cells were isolated from male ICR mice aged from 5 to 6 weeks, and cell suspension was cultured. Anti-CD3 (1 μg/ml) antibody was treated and coated in a petri dish at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the cells were inoculated (5×10 5 cells/well). After 1 hour, anti-CD28 antibodies (1 μg/ml), IL-23 (20 ng/ml), IL-6 (20 ng/ml), and TGF-β (5 ng/ml) were added. Thereafter, as a result of treating cells cultured for 3 days with A900-FAM peptide (1 μg/mL) for 1 hour and 24 hours to analyze the intracellular expression of peptides and expression cell frequency through confocal microscopy and FACS, as shown in
Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from the same mouse used in
As a result of treating skin lesions of mice having atopic dermatitis with the peptide in a form of external preparation (A900˜A916) and analyzing the effect of the peptide through real-time PCR in the spleen, as shown in
After removing hair from 6-week-old Balb/c male mice, application was performed with 1% DNCB 1 time/day for 2 days and 0.5% DNCB 1 time/day for 3 days for a total of 5 days to induce atopic symptoms. PBMCs were isolated from atopic mice, seeded in 24 well plates, treated with peptides, cultured for 24 hours, and then analyzed by FACS. PBMCs isolated from normal mice and atopy-induced mice were used as control groups, and peptides were treated to PBMC cultures isolated from atopic mice. Dupixent was used for the peptide control group (Dupixent 5 μg/ml). A900, A900P, A900H, A900S, A900M, A900MAL, A900PEG2, and A900PEG4 were used as the peptides, and the concentration was set to 3 μg/ml. Surface was stained with anti-CD4 antibodies, cytokines were subjected to intracellular staining, and the frequency of double stained population was measured.
As a result, as shown in
As a result of treating splenocytes and lymph node cells isolated from the same mouse as in
After removing hair from 6-week-old Balb/c male mice, application was performed with 1% DNCB 1 time/day for 2 days and 0.5% DNCB 1 time/day for 3 days for a total of 5 days, to induce atopic symptoms (N=5-8 mice for each group). After administering the external preparation to mouse skin for 5 days in mice having atopic symptoms, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were isolated and the frequency of each cytokine expressing cell was analyzed and compared after intracellular staining with antibodies for FACS. The control group was given with an anti-inflammatory moisturizing cream external preparation (5 times) and administered with an anti-mouse IL-4 receptor antibody (100 ug/mouse) intraperitoneal injection (1 time). A900, A900M, A900MAL, and A900PEG4 were used for peptides, and the concentration was set to 1 μg/ml. Cytokines were subjected to intracellular staining to measure the frequency of stained cell population.
As a result, as shown in
Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) isolated from the same mice as in
As a result, as shown in
As described above, a specific part of the present disclosure has been described in detail, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that such specific descriptions are only preferred example embodiments and the scope of the present disclose is not limited thereby. That is, the substantial scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2020-0176501 | Dec 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2021-0179908 | Dec 2021 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2021/019190 | 12/16/2021 | WO |
