The present invention relates to an antiseptic cap, and more particularly, to an antiseptic dead-end cap for a medical connector.
Catheters are widely used to treat patients requiring a variety of medical procedures. Catheters can either be acute, or temporary, for short-term use or chronic for long-term treatment. Catheters are commonly introduced into central veins (such as the vena cava) from peripheral vein sites to provide access to a patient's vascular system.
In an IV dispensing system, a luer connector, e.g., a male luer connector, can have a first end and a second end. The first end of the male luer connector can be connected to a fluid line that is connected to a fluid source, such as an IV bag filled with fluid. The second end of the male luer connector can be removably attached to a first end of a female needleless luer connector. The second end of the female needleless luer connector can be attached to a catheter that has been introduced into a patient.
When the male luer connector and the female needleless luer connector are attached to each other, fluid from the IV bag can flow into the patient. These connectors are often separated from each other at various times, for example, when a patient needs to use restroom facilities. When the connectors are disengaged from each other, the connectors are exposed and are prone to contamination. Current procedures to reduce contamination of the connectors involve swabbing the connectors with a disinfection. These procedures are prone to human error and are often not implemented. Furthermore, when a male luer connector is disengaged from a female needleless connector, there is no standard manner in which to store and protect the male luer connector until it is reattached to the female connector.
The present invention relates to an antiseptic dead-end cap for use with a connector that includes a base having first and second sides, a first annular wall extending from the first side of the base, a cylindrical center plug extending from the first side of the base, and a second annular wall extending from the second side of the base. The first annular wall has an outer surface and an inner surface. The cylindrical center plug has an outer surface and an inner surface, and is positioned within the first annular wall to form an annular chamber. The second annular wall has an outer surface and an inner surface, and defines a second chamber having an open end. An antiseptic material is on at least one of the inner surface of the first annular wall, the inner surface of the second annular wall, the outer surface of the second annular wall, and the outer surface of the cylindrical center plug.
The present invention further relates to an antiseptic dead-end cap for use with a connector that includes a base having first and second sides, a male connector portion extending from the first side of the base and configured to be connectable to a female luer, and a female connector portion extending from the second side of the base and configured to be connectable to a male luer. An antiseptic material is on at least a portion of the male luer connector portion or the female luer connector portion.
In some aspects, the male connector portion includes a first annular wall extending from the first side of the base and having an outer surface and an inner surface, and a cylindrical center plug extending from the first side of the base. The cylindrical center plug has an outer surface and an inner surface, and is positioned within the first annular wall to form an annular chamber. In such aspects, the female connector portion includes a second annular wall extending from the second side of the base, has an outer surface and an inner surface, and defines a second chamber having an open end.
In some aspects, the antiseptic material is a metal, while in other aspects, the antiseptic material can be an alcohol.
In other aspects, the first annular wall includes one or more threads. In still another aspect, the second annular wall includes one or more threads.
In yet another aspect, the antiseptic material is formed in at least one of the inner surface of the first annular wall, the inner surface of the second annular wall, the outer surface of the second annular wall, and the outer surface of the cylindrical center plug.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following Detailed Description of the Invention, considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention relates to an antiseptic cap assembly that engages a male end of a luer connector. It should be understood, however, that the teachings herein can be used with other types of medical connectors.
The antiseptic cap assembly 10 includes a cap holder 28 and a cap 30 sized to be positioned within the cap holder 28. The cap 30 includes a base 32 and an annular threaded portion 34 extending from the base 32. The base 32 could include a substantially flat surface 36 and an outer flange 38.
The threaded portion 34 of the cap 30 includes a rim 40 that defines an open end 42 (see
The configuration of the cap 30 is shown in perspective in
The cap 30 could be made from an absorbent material. The cap 30 could be made from porous plastic, for example, a medical grade sintered porous plastic material which is available from Porex Corporation, based in Fairburn, GA Other suitable manufacturers of the porous plastic material include Filtrona, Genpore, and Thermopore. It is desirable that the material can absorb and retain a fluid such as an antiseptic fluid. It is also desirable that the material is sufficiently rigid to maintain its structure. It is also desirable that the material is compressible and that the absorbed fluid is released on compression. The porous plastic material could be made of any suitable polymer, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, etc.
The use of the porous plastic material is only exemplary. It will be understood that the cap 30 could be made from any other suitable material, such as bonded fiber, cotton, silicone, urethane, polyester, cellulose, etc. The material could be natural or synthetic.
The threaded portion 34 of the cap 30 could be coated or impregnated with an antiseptic fluid, an anticoagulant fluid, and/or an antimicrobial fluid. An example of a suitable antiseptic fluid is isopropyl alcohol. The concentration of the isopropyl alcohol could vary, and is preferably 70% v/v. The concentration of alcohol could be in a range from 20% to 100%. It will be understand that other materials could be used, such as other alcohols, including ethanol, propanol, and/or butanol, or iodine, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine acetate, etc. The antiseptic, anticoagulant, and/or antimicrobial agent could be in liquid or solid form.
The cap holder 28 includes a cylindrically shaped sidewall 52 that defines a chamber 54 sized to receive the cap 30 and accommodate the male luer 22. The cap holder 28 could include an outer flange 56 that protrudes radially outwardly from a distal end 58 of the sidewall 52. The outer flange 56 defines an open end 60. The cap holder 28 could include a substantially flat surface 62 that defines the opposite, closed end. The cap holder 28 could be made from a thermoplastic elastomer, such as the thermoplastic elastomer sold by ExxonMobil under the trademark SANTOPRENE, or any other suitable material. The cap holder 28 could be made from a more rigid material, such as a high-density polyethylene. The cap holder 28 and the cap 30 could be bonded to each other, or attached to each other by any suitable method, such as by adhesive or by molding.
When the cap 30 is attached to the cap holder 28, a gap 64 may exist between the flange 38 of the cap 30 and the cap holder 28, and between the threaded portion 34 of the cap 30 and the cap holder 28. Also, the cap 30 is attached to the cap holder 28 such that the cap 30 rotates conjointly with the cap holder 28.
As shown in
Generally, the cap 30 may be hydrophobic. However, because the hydrophobic material could serve to inhibit or minimize an antiseptic fluid, such as isopropyl alcohol, from passing through the cap 30, it may be desirable to make at least a portion of the cap 30 hydrophilic. For example, it may be desirable to treat at least a portion of the cap 30 with a hydrophilic surfactant. In this manner, the hydrophilic portion could allow the alcohol to pass therethrough, whereas the hydrophobic portion could serve to inhibit or minimize an antiseptic fluid, such as isopropyl alcohol, from passing therethrough. In one embodiment, the threaded portion 34 could be treated with a hydrophilic surfactant whereas the base 32 could remain hydrophobic, so as to be resistant to an antiseptic fluid, such as alcohol. The hydrophobic section could also act as a plug to prevent IV fluid from leaking through the tubing to go past the cap 30.
Referring to
The cap holder 28 could be configured to remain on the cap 30 after the antiseptic cap assembly 10 engages the luer connector 12. Alternatively, the cap holder 28 could be configured to be removably attached to the cap 30. For example, the cap holder 28 could be removed from the cap 30 after the antiseptic cap assembly 10 engages the luer connector 12.
Cap 130 includes an annular sidewall 111 extending from an outer flange 138 and substantially concentric with the threaded portion 134. When the cap holder 128 is used, the annular sidewall 111 is positioned proximate an outer surface of the cap holder 12. When the antiseptic cap assembly 110 is attached to the luer connector 12, the annular sidewall 111 bears against the outer surface of the threaded portion 18 of the luer connector 12. The annular sidewall 111 can be made from porous plastic like the remainder of the cap 130 or any other suitable material. The annular sidewall 111 covers and protects the outer surface of the threaded portion 18 of the luer connector 12. The annular sidewall 111 may contain antiseptic fluid and release at least a portion of an antiseptic fluid.
Cap 230 includes a center insert 211 that is integrally connected therewith. Alternatively, the cap 230 and the center insert 211 could be separate components. The center insert 211 may be made from porous plastic like the remainder of the cap 230 or any other suitable material, and may contain antiseptic fluid and release at least a portion of an antiseptic fluid. The center insert 211 could be treated with a hydrophilic surfactant, or otherwise made hydrophilic.
The center insert 211 protrudes from a base 232 of the cap 230 and is positioned within a threaded portion 234 of the cap 230. The center insert 211 has a distal end 213 that may have angled edges 215, thereby giving the center insert 211 a generally trapezoidal shape. The center insert 211 could define other shapes such as conical, square, rectangle, etc.
When the cap 230 is attached to a luer connector 12, the center insert 211 is positioned within the opening 24 formed in the male luer 22 and allows the antiseptic fluid to enter the male luer 22 to apply the antiseptic fluid to the inner tip 26 of the male luer 22.
A sealing mechanism, such as a center plug 311, is sized to extend from a base 332 of the cap 330 and is sized to be positioned within the threaded portion 334 of the cap 330. The cap 330 and the center plug 311 could be separate components as shown or, alternatively, the cap 330 and the center plug 311 could be integrally formed. Alternatively, the center plug 311 could be an extension of the cap holder 328 molded in.
The center plug 311 has a distal end 313 that may have angled edges 315, thereby giving the center plug 311 a generally trapezoidal shape. The center plug 311 could define other shapes such as conical, square, rectangle, etc.
The center plug 311 bears against the opening 24 formed in the male luer 22 to prevent the antiseptic fluid from entering the male luer 22. The center plug 311 extends a distance from the base 332 sufficient to engage the opening 24 in the male luer 22 before the threaded portion 334 of the cap 330 is compressed by the male luer 22, to seal the opening 24 in the male luer 22.
The center plug 311 could be made of a non-porous material, such as rubber, or any other suitable material. The center plug 311 could be made of porous plastic and left in a hydrophobic state, i.e., not treated with a surfactant like the threaded portion 334 of the cap 330, thereby inhibiting or minimizing antiseptic fluid from passing therethrough and into the opening 24 formed in the male luer 22. In this manner, the center plug 311 serves to limit or prevent alcohol from entering the fluid line 316 of the luer connector 312. Also the center plug 311 could act as a plug to prevent IV fluid from dripping out of the line.
The configuration of the sealing mechanism is only exemplary. It will be understood that the present invention could employ other sealing mechanisms. For example, the sealing mechanism could be a center pin (not shown) sized to extend further into the opening 24 formed in the male luer 22 than the center plug 311. The center plug 311 may extend past the threads on the threaded portion 324 and inserted prior to thread engagement.
The cap holder 428 includes an inner-facing flange 411 that may form a protective seal that closes off the interior of the cap holder 428 when the antiseptic cap assembly 410 is engaged to the luer connector 12. The inner flange 411 extends radially inward from a distal end 458 of the sidewall 452 of the cap holder 428. When the antiseptic cap assembly 410 is engaged to the luer connector 12, the inner-facing flange 411 of the cap holder 428 may contact the threaded portion 18 of the luer connector 12 to seal the interior of the cap holder 428.
The inner-facing flange 411 of the cap holder 428 may provide a physical barrier to the ingress of pathogens, dust or other contaminants into the cap holder 428. The inner-facing flange 411 may serve to retain at least a portion of the antiseptic fluid from the antiseptic cap assembly 410 from leaking out. The inner-facing flange 411 may prevent evaporation of at least a portion of the antiseptic fluid that is retained.
The configuration of the cap holder 428 could vary. For example, the cap holder 428 could include an outer flange (not shown), such as the outer flange 56 (
The antiseptic cap assembly 510 includes a center plug 511, such as the center plug 311 shown in
It should be understood that various features of various embodiments disclosed herein could be used together without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
The cap 630 includes an annular portion 611 extending from a base 632. The annular portion 611 is configured without threads but is sized to engage the luer connector 12 with a push-on friction fit. The antiseptic cap assembly 610 could be removed by pulling out of the luer connector 12.
The annular portion 611 of the cap 630 could be configured such that the inner surface contacts the male luer 22 and is compressed by the male luer 22 to release antiseptic fluid when the cap 630 is pushed on to the male luer 22. The outer surface of the annular portion 611 could also contact against the inner threads 18 of the threaded portion 18 of the male luer 22 and could also release antiseptic fluid on this side. Alternatively, the annular portion 611 could be configured to avoid contact with the threads 20 of the luer connector 12. The annular portion 611 does not need to be tapered as shown.
The cap 730 includes an annular portion 711 extending from a base 732. The annular portion 711 is configured and sized to engage the luer connector 12 with a push-on friction fit.
The antiseptic chamber 715 is attached to the base 732 of the cap 730 and is formed by a continuous sidewall 713 and an end wall 723. The sidewall 713 includes an inner flange 717 that extends radially inward from the sidewall 713. The flange 717 defines an open end 721.
The base 732 of the cap 730 is keyed to the antiseptic chamber 715. The base 732 of the cap 730 is positioned within the antiseptic chamber 715 such that the outer flange 738 of the base 732 is captured in the antiseptic chamber 715 by the inner flange 717 of the antiseptic chamber 715 which extends over the base 732. The base 732 closes off the disinfectant chamber 715 and the annular portion 711 of the cap 730 is in contact with the inner flange 717 of the antiseptic chamber 715. The cap 730 could be attached to the antiseptic chamber 715 such that the cap 730 rotates conjointly with the antiseptic chamber 715. In one embodiment, the base 732 of the cap 730 does not need to be keyed to the antiseptic chamber 715 in a push-on design.
The antiseptic chamber 715 can include an absorbent material 725, such as a pad, sponge, or elastomeric foam, configured to retain an antiseptic fluid. The absorbent material 725 could be wetted or soaked with the antiseptic fluid. The absorbent material 725 could be deformable. The cap 730 could be made from a porous plastic material that serves as a carrier for the transfer of antiseptic fluid from the disinfectant chamber 715. When the cap holder 728 is compressed, the absorbent material 725 releases at least a portion of the antiseptic fluid. The fluid can then flow through the base 732 and along the annular portion 711 to be delivered to the male luer 22.
It will be understood that the present invention could employ other mechanisms that involve pushing on a component of an antiseptic cap assembly to activate or release the antiseptic fluid.
The cap 830 includes an annular portion 811 extending from a base 832. The annular portion 811 is configured without threads and sized to engage the luer connector 12 with a push-on friction fit. The antiseptic cap assembly 810 could be removed by pulling out of the luer connector 12.
The cap holder 828 includes retainers 813 that serve to retain or secure the cap 830 on the luer connector 12. The retainers 813 include a pair of shoulders 815, 817 that extend perpendicularly from opposite sides of the outer flange 856 of the cap holder 828 and a pair of arms 823, 825 that extend radially inward from the shoulders 815, 817.
When the antiseptic cap assembly 810 is engaged to the luer connector 12, the arms 823, 825 of the retainers 813 extend over the male luer 22 to retain the cap 830. The retainers 813 could be made from a thermoplastic elastomer, such as SANTOPRENE, or any other suitable material. The retainers 813 could be made from a flexible material.
The cap holder 828 may include gripping areas defined by a recessed portion 827 (
The cap 930 includes a base 932 and an annular threaded portion 934 extending from the base 932. The base 932 includes an outer flange 938 with a plurality of teeth 911 (see
The cap holder 928 includes a retaining mechanism for retaining the cap 930 in the cap holder 928. The retaining mechanism could include a first protrusion 913 that extends from one section of the sidewall 952 of the cap holder 928, and a second protrusion 915 that extends from an opposite section of the sidewall 952 of the cap holder 928. The first and second protrusions 913, 915 are configured to extend over the base 932 of the cap 930. Alternatively, the retaining mechanism could include a single ring around the interior of the cap holder 928.
The cap holder 928 includes a plurality of teeth 917 that mate with the teeth 911 to form a ratchet mechanism. The teeth 917 interact with the teeth 911 to allow the cap 930 to rotate in the cap holder 928 in only one direction, and have angled faces 916 and generally perpendicular faces 918, like the teeth 911 of the base 932. Alternatively, it could be configured to allow for rotation in both directions.
The ratchet mechanism provides an audible or a tactile feedback to indicate that the antiseptic cap assembly 910 is properly secured. Also, the ratchet mechanism could limit torque to prevent damage to the luer connector 12 or to the cap 930. The cap 930 is threaded on the male luer 22 in accordance with other embodiments of the cap 930. If the cap 930 is turned beyond the limit of the threads, instead of damaging the male luer 22, the cap 930 will slide with respect to the cap holder 928, the angled teeth 911, 917 of the base 932 of the cap 930 and the cap holder 930 respectively sliding past one another to prevent further tightening of the cap 930 onto the male luer 22. When removing the cap 930 from the male luer 22, the generally perpendicular faces 914, 918 engage and do not permit sliding.
The cap 1030 is used without a cap holder. The cap 1030 includes a base 1032 and an annular threaded portion 1034 extending from the base 1032. Antiseptic fluid can be associated with the interior surface of the annular threaded portion 1034.
The configuration of the cap 1030 is only exemplary. For example, the cap 1030 could be configured without threads and sized to engage the luer connector 12 with a push-on friction fit. Likewise, the cap 1030 could also include a sidewall, like that shown in
At least a portion of the cap 1130 could be treated with a hydrophilic surfactant, or otherwise made hydrophilic. The threaded portion 1134 could be treated with a hydrophilic surfactant whereas the base 1132 could remain hydrophobic, so as to be resistant to and non-absorbent of an antiseptic fluid.
A center plug 1111 could bear against the opening 24 formed in the male luer 22 to prevent the antiseptic fluid from entering the male luer 22. The center plug 1111 could be made of porous plastic and left in a hydrophobic state, thereby inhibiting or minimizing antiseptic fluid from passing therethrough and into the opening 24 formed in the male luer 22. The hydrophobic section could also act as a plug in the IV line to prevent ingress of antiseptic fluid or to stop leakage of IV fluid.
The cap holder 1228 has a notch 1211 in an outer flange 1256 that is configured to attached to a supporting surface, such as a fluid line 1213. As shown, the cap holder 1228 has a plurality of ribs 1215 extending along a sidewall 1252 from one end 1217 of the cap holder 1228 to the opposite end 1219 of the cap holder 1228. The ribs 1215 facilitate gripping of the cap holder 1228.
A sealing mechanism, such as a center plug 1311, is sized to extend from the cap holder 1328 through the base 1332 and is sized to be positioned within the threaded portion 1334 of the cap 1330. As such, the center plug 1311 is made of a non-porous material such as SANTOPRENE, or any other suitable material. In particular, the center plug 1311 includes an arm 1313 with one end 1315 extending from the base 1332, and a sphere 1317 attached to an opposite end 1319 of the arm 1313. The sphere 1317 is configured to bear against the opening 24 formed in the male luer 22 to limit the distance that the antiseptic fluid can travel into the male luer 22. Alternatively, the center plug 1311 could extend from the base 1332 and be made of another material such as rubber. The sphere 1317 could be replaced with a non-spherical device.
Any of the antiseptic cap assemblies 10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010, 1110, 1210, and 1310 disclosed herein could be configured to be removably attached to a suitable surface (not shown), such as a IV bag, IV pump, or IV pole, etc., for use. For example, in
In
In
Alternative fastening mechanisms could be provided. For example, the antiseptic cap assembly could include a ring (not shown).
The antiseptic cap assembly could be incorporated in kits with flush syringes, caps for treating a catheter or needleless connector, and line access devices, etc. The antiseptic fluid used could include an anticoagulant material, and/or an antimicrobial material. Examples of antiseptic fluid that could be used are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/821,190, filed on Jun. 22, 2007, and Ser. No. 12/214,526, filed on Jun. 19, 2008. The entire disclosures of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/821,190 and 12/214,526 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
As shown in
The first annular wall 1416 defines an open end 1422. The base 1418 closes the opposite end of the first annular wall 1416. A cylindrical center plug 1430 extends from the base 1418 in the direction of the first annular wall 1416 and is closed by an end wall 1432. The first annular wall 1416 and the cylindrical center plug 1430 are coaxial with one another and the cylindrical center plug 1430 is smaller in diameter than the first annular wall 1416. The first annular wall 1416, the base 1418, and the cylindrical center plug 1430 define a first chamber 1424 that is annular, accessible by the open end 1422, and sized to receive the female luer. When a female luer is inserted through the open end 1422 of the first portion 1412, the cylindrical center plug 1430 and the end wall 1432 are inserted into a portion of the female luer.
The second portion 1414 includes a second annular wall 1426 extending from the base 1418 opposite the direction of the first annular wall 1416, and forms an internal shoulder 1428 with the base 1418. The second annular wall 1426 has an open end 1434 and forms a second chamber 1436, while the cylindrical center plug 1430 and the end wall 1432 form a third chamber 1438. The second chamber 1436 and the third chamber 1438 are in fluidic communication, and the second chamber 1436 is accessible by the open end 1434. The second chamber 1436 is sized to receive a male luer.
One or more threads 1440 are positioned on an exterior wall of the second annular wall 1426. The threads 1440 are configured to engage and cooperate with threads of a male luer connector, such as luer connector 12 shown in
Using the male luer connector 12 shown in
As mentioned above, the antiseptic dead-end cap 1410 has a dual operability wherein it is configured to not only attach to a male luer connector, but also a female luer connector. Generally, a female luer connector can include a circumferential wall that defines a chamber and has external threads. When attaching the dead-end cap 1410 to a female luer connector, the circumferential wall of the female luer connector is inserted through the open end 1422 and into the first chamber 1424, such that the cylindrical center plug 1420 is inserted into the circumferential wall of the female luer connector. The dead-end cap 1410 can be twisted so that the one or more threads 1420 engage the female luer connector, securing the dead-end cap 1410 with the female luer connector.
The dead-end cap 1410 functions to cap a male luer connector and/or a female luer connector so that fluid does not leak from a fluid source. The dead-end cap 1410 may be used for a temporary disconnect of male and female luers so that they do not warrant disposal.
While the antiseptic cap disclosed herein includes male and female connector portions, it could also be provided having just a male or just a female portion. In an arrangement where the antiseptic dead-end cap 1420 includes only a male connector portion, the dead-end cap 1420 could include the base 1418, the first annular wall 1416 extending from the base 1418, the cylindrical center plug 1430 extending from the base 1418 in the direction of the first annular wall 1416 and closed by the end wall 1432, and the plurality of threads 1420. The second annular wall 1426, and the female side of the cap can be eliminated. In an arrangement where the antiseptic dead-end cap 1420 includes only a female connector portion, the dead-end cap 1420 could include the base 1418, the second annular wall 1426 and the threads 1440, with the base 1418 and the second annular wall 1426 defining the second chamber 1436. The first annular wall 1416, and the cylindrical center plug 1430 could be eliminated.
Portions of the antiseptic dead-end cap 1410, such as an inner surface of the first annular wall 1416, the plurality of threads 1420, an outer surface of the second annular wall 1426, an inner surface of the second annular wall 1426, and the second portion threads 1440, could be coated or impregnated with an antiseptic fluid, an anticoagulant fluid, and/or an antimicrobial fluid. An example of a suitable antiseptic fluid is isopropyl alcohol. The concentration of the isopropyl alcohol could vary, and is preferably 70%. The concentration of alcohol could be in a range from 20% to 100%. It will be understand that other materials could be used, such as other alcohols, including ethanol, propanol, and/or butanol, or iodine, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine acetate, etc. The antiseptic, anticoagulant, and/or antimicrobial agent could be in liquid or solid form.
The antiseptic dead-end cap 1410 may be constructed of a material having a 40-60 durometer hardness value on a Shore A scale. The material may be a medium soft to medium hard rubber that is pliable and malleable for purposes of engagement with a luer.
Antiseptic Coatings
It is contemplated that the devices described herein can be coated with an antiseptic coating by any suitable technique such as immersion of the part into an antiseptic solution, by spray coating the part with the antiseptic solution, by blending the antiseptic solution or material into the polymeric material used to fabricate the device.
A quantity of physiological, antimicrobial metal compound is added to the resin for direct molding of an article. Physiological, antimicrobial metals are meant to include the precious metals, such as silver, gold and platinum, and copper and zinc. Physiological, antimicrobial metal compounds used herein include oxides and salts of preferably silver and also gold, for example: silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver carbonate, silver citrate, silver chloride, silver iodide, silver nitrate, silver oxide, silver sulfadiazine, silver sulfate, gold chloride and gold oxide. Platinum compounds such as chloroplatinic acid or its salts (e.g., sodium and calcium chloroplatinate) may also be used. Also, compounds of copper and zinc may be used, for example: oxides and salts of copper and zinc such as those indicated above for silver. Single physiological, antimicrobial metal compounds or combinations of physiological, antimicrobial metal compounds may be used.
Preferred physiological, antimicrobial metal compounds used in this invention are silver acetate, silver oxide, silver sulfate, gold chloride and a combination of silver oxide and gold chloride. The particles of the silver compounds are sufficiently able to be extracted to form a zone of inhibition to prevent and kill bacteria growth.
In another preferred form of the invention the devices herein are impregnated with triclosan and silver compounds or triclosan and chlorhexidine, or chlorhexidine gluconate, or chlorhexidine acetate.
It will be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely exemplary and that a person skilled in the art may make many variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such variations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/162,106, filed Oct. 16, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,289, filed on Mar. 14, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,166,381, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/113,777, filed on May 23, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,867,975, the entire disclosure of each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20210162194 A1 | Jun 2021 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 16162106 | Oct 2018 | US |
Child | 17025201 | US | |
Parent | 13803289 | Mar 2013 | US |
Child | 16162106 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 13113777 | May 2011 | US |
Child | 13803289 | US |