Patent Grant
10452934
the contents of each of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present disclosure relates generally to the field of vehicular travel and more particularly to a video system which informs one or more passengers seated in an enclosed windowless suite in a vehicle of the vehicle's attitude and changes in vehicle attitude (e.g. pitching nose up or nose down, or yawing or rolling to the right or left). Such windowless suites are now found in luxury long haul aircraft cabin suites of commercial aircraft.
It has long been known that airline passengers seated in window seats report experiencing higher comfort levels than passengers in other cabin areas. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,503, particularly FIG. 4. While there may be several reasons for this higher reported comfort level, psychological studies have shown that enabling passengers to be correctly oriented in space is an important contributor to passenger comfort. While some passengers experience acute motion sickness when deprived of visual references informing them of changes in vehicle attitude, a majority of airline passengers experience only a somewhat diminished comfort, the origin of which is unknown to them, when experiencing properly-coordinated maneuvers of a commercial airplane without a visual reference informing them of changes in airplane attitude.
Forward looking and downward looking “landscape” cameras displaying images on a video screen generally forward of the passenger are well known. Static airplane mockups incorporating video screens in lieu of actual windows are also known. In this and similar known applications, a single image has been replicated on all screens on the same side of the mockup.
Forward looking landscape cameras do not provide a reliable attitude reference during takeoff maneuvers because the nose of the aircraft is quickly pointed skyward, leaving no observable horizon. As a result, the disappearance of the horizon as the airplane rotates on takeoff can be disorienting to passengers. Downward looking cameras also do not provide an intuitive attitude reference to the passengers. Furthermore, the video screen displaying these images serves a variety of information and entertainment purposes and is rarely turned to the camera mode, rendering it unlikely to relieve motion-oriented discomfort resulting from a cause unrecognized by the passenger.
While they have been used in static mockups in which motion oriented discomfort is not an issue, emulating a row of aircraft windows with video monitors has never been considered sufficiently attractive for use in an airplane to justify developing and flight testing such a system. For a typical airplane cabin with many occupants and many monitors emulating actual windows, no viable alternative has been found to repeating the same image on each monitor down the length of a side of the cabin. When an airplane is climbing, repeating the same image in each monitor along a row of windows presents the image of a level flight over a sawtooth landscape. Any such perceived attitude reference is ambiguous or confusing. When an airplane is rolling, monitors farther from the passenger subtend a smaller vertical field of view. Accordingly, to each individual passenger the rear of the airplane will appear to be rolling more quickly than the front of the airplane; an appearance more likely to induce motion sickness than alleviate it.
A video system and method is provided for emulating a view through an aircraft window for a passenger in an interior passenger suite.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system including a video capture assembly comprising at least one camera configured for mounting proximate the aircraft window, and at least one monitor mounted within the interior passenger suite on a wall panel substantially parallel to the direction of flight, where each monitor of the at least one monitor comprises a respective monitor position relative to a passenger seat, and each monitor corresponds to a particular camera of the at least one camera. Each camera of the at least one camera may be angled to capture the image data at a respective perspective view determined based in part upon a distance between the monitor position of the respective monitor of the at least one monitor and a passenger reference position corresponding to an estimated viewpoint of the passenger while seated in the passenger seat.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system including a video capture assembly including at least one camera, and a glare shield including a respective viewing aperture for each camera of the at least one camera, where each camera is mounted behind the glare shield to capture image data of scenery visible through the aircraft window, and each camera is angled to capture the image data at a respective perspective view; and at least one monitor mounted within the interior passenger suite on a wall panel substantially parallel to the vehicle window and positioned between the vehicle window and a passenger seat, where each monitor includes a respective monitor position relative to the passenger seat, and each monitor corresponds to a particular camera.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where the glare shield comprises a respective anti-reflective mask for each camera of the at least one camera.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where a minimal boundary of the anti-reflective mask for each camera of the at least one camera is determined based on the perspective view of the respective camera.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where the anti-reflective mask comprises black paint applied to the glare shield.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where the glare shield comprises an aluminum pane.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where the glare shield includes a respective anti-reflective mask for each camera of the at least one camera, and a minimal boundary of the anti-reflective mask for each camera of the at least one camera is determined based on the perspective view of the respective camera and a distance between the respective video camera and a dual glass pane of the aircraft window.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where the dust cover is removed from the aircraft window while the video capture assembly is mounted in the aircraft window.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where the at least one monitor comprises three monitors.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system where the passenger position is a default position based upon a position of a headrest of the passenger seat when the passenger seat is in an upright position.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a video system including a sensor configured to detect the passenger position.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for presenting a real-time view of exterior scenery of an aircraft to a passenger in an interior passenger suite.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method including determining a passenger reference position corresponding to an eye position of the passenger when seated in the interior passenger seat; determining a monitor position of each monitor of at least one monitor mounted on a side wall of the passenger suite; calculating a perspective view for each monitor of the at least one monitor based on a horizontal distance between the passenger reference position and the respective monitor position; for each monitor of the at least one monitor, setting a capture angle of a respective video camera relative to a window of the aircraft, where the capture angle corresponds to the perspective view; using at least one video camera, capturing video data through the window of the aircraft corresponding to the perspective view of each monitor of the at least one monitor; and for each monitor of the at least one monitor, providing the video data representing the respective view for display in the interior passenger suite in real time.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method including determining the passenger reference position includes determining an average position of eye level while seated in the passenger seat in a position required for taxi, takeoff, and landing.
In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for presenting a real-time view of exterior scenery of an aircraft to a passenger in an interior passenger suite, including determining a passenger reference position corresponding to an eye position of the passenger when seated in the interior passenger seat, determining a horizontal distance between the passenger reference position and a respective monitor position of each monitor of at least one monitor mounted on a side wall of the passenger suite, for each monitor of the at least one monitor, calculating a perspective view based on the horizontal distance between the passenger reference position and the respective monitor position, for each monitor of the at least one monitor, setting a capture angle of a respective video camera relative to a window of the aircraft, wherein the capture angle corresponds to the respective perspective view, using at least one video camera, capturing video data through the window of the aircraft corresponding to the perspective view of each monitor of the at least one monitor, and for each monitor of the at least one monitor, providing the video data representing the respective view for display in the interior passenger suite in real time.
The method may include determining the passenger reference position includes determining an average position of eye level while seated in the passenger seat in a position required for taxi, takeoff, and landing. In an aspect, providing the video data representing the respective view for display may include providing video data captured by a first camera of the at least one camera to a first monitor of the at least one monitor via a first high speed data interface, and providing video data captured by a second camera of the at least one camera to a second monitor of the at least one monitor via a second high speed data interface. The at least one monitor may be dedicated to presenting video data captured by the at least one camera. Calculating the perspective view may include calculating a downward angle relative to a horizontal plane of a cabin area of the aircraft and a forward angle relative to a transverse plane of the cabin area of the aircraft. Calculating the perspective view may include calculating a field of view based on a distance between an upper edge of a display region of the respective monitor and a lower edge of the display region of the respective monitor. Each monitor of the at least one monitor may be mounted behind a partition such that only a portion of each monitor is visible to the passenger.
In one aspect, the method may include positioning a glare shield between the at least one camera and the window of the aircraft, the glare shield including at least one aperture for video capture, wherein the at least one aperture is at least partially surrounded on a window-facing surface by an antireflective mask. Positioning the glare shield may include connecting the glare shield to a first camera of the at least one camera.
In one aspect, the method may include correcting the video data for horizontal distortion. The at least one monitor may include at least two monitors arranged to emulate a sizing, a spacing, and a mounting height of aircraft windows.
A more complete appreciation of the innovations and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, where:
FIG. SF is a drawing of a side view of a glare shield having a gross concave contour facing the exterior window according to an example;
The present disclosure provides a video system for emulating a set of actual windows to a passenger in an enclosed suite, compartment or cabin in an aircraft, ship or other vehicle, where motion can induce motion sickness or motion-related discomfort. The video system can include a video capture assembly configured to capture images of one or more perspective views as can be seen from a traditional airplane window or ship portal and one or more monitors for displaying the captured perspective view. The video system is configured to emulate a set of actual windows typically found in commercial aircraft in which passengers seated in enclosed suites or cabins can be expected to have experienced on previous flights. There is no need for passengers to focus their attention on the monitors of the video system to be provided the desired attitude reference. It is sufficient that they are subconsciously informed of changing airplane attitude through their peripheral vision.
A video system, as discussed herein, includes at least one video capture device (e.g., video camera) having a lens and an image sensor. The video capture device may have a certain aspect ratio, such as a 2:3, 4:3, or 16:9 aspect ratio. The image sensor can include, in some examples, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor. The image signals captured by the image sensor may be processed by an imaging signal processing unit which generates image data. The image signal processing unit can include processing circuitry for converting the image signals to digital data format. Additionally, the image signal processing unit may be configured to perform data sampling, image resolution adjustment, gain control, image balancing, gamma correction, and other image adjustment techniques. The video system may include at least one high speed data line interface and processing unit for transmitting the image data over a high speed data communications protocol. In some examples, the high speed data line interface can include a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) data port, a High-Definition Serial Data Interface (HD-SDI) data port, or a Third Generation Serial Data Interface (3G-SDI) data port. The high speed data line interface may be wired or wireless. The image data may be communicated to the remote monitors via the at least one high speed data line interface. Alternatively or additionally, the video system may include a network interface for transmitting the data over a communications network, such as a local area network on the aircraft. The network interface may include a wired (e.g., Ethernet) or wireless connection. Further, the video system may include compression circuitry for compressing a size of the image data prior to transmission to the remote monitors.
The video system may further include a computer, computing system or processing circuitry having a controller configured to process the captured images and control display of the processed images on one or more monitors. In an example, the processing of the captured images can be based on mathematical guidance using the orientation and field of view for each image shown. In an embodiment, the displaying of the processed images can be distributed among multiple monitors based on the processing of the captured images.
Referring now to the drawings,
In some implementations, as shown in
While the disclosure relates to one or more monitors 22B, 24B, 26B, 22C, 24C, 26C, 32B, 34B, 36B, 32C, 34C, and 36C, it may be appreciated that each monitor may be mounted behind a panel or frame such that a portion of the monitor is visible to the passenger. For example, one or more standard video monitors may be set behind a panel including one or more opening of approximately the size and shape of a passenger window on the exterior of the aircraft, such that the passenger views a portion of the video displayed to the monitor. The monitor, for example, may be centered behind the panel opening. The opening, for example, may be curved inwards towards the monitor as the interior cabin panel curves inwards toward each window. The panel may be designed to mimic the look and feel of the aircraft cabin walls. In other examples, the panel may be fabric, metal, or another decorative material.
To further mimic the look and feel of an exterior window, in some embodiments, each monitor 22B, 24B, 26B, 22C, 24C, 26C, 32B, 34B, 36B, 32C, 34C, and 36C includes a shade 600 for partially obscuring the view. In some embodiments, the shade is a virtual shade applied to the video feed presented upon the monitor. For example, the passenger may actuate a shade deployment control upon or remote from the monitor to set the position of a shade. In other embodiments, the shade is a physical shade, similar to the shades mounted upon the exterior windows and manually slidable to set a vertical height of shade deployment.
To provide high resolution images to each monitor, 22B, 24B, 26B, 22C, 24C, 26C, 32B, 34B, 36B, 32C, 34C, 36C, a preferred embodiment employs a video capture assembly 700 including one or more cameras located at camera position 50, 52, for each viewing angle. These cameras are positioned 50, 52 in unblocked windows 44, 46 respectively. (These windows are blocked in prior art—see
As shown in
In an aspect, the passenger can be considered as having a notional single eye position between their eyes, where: X is the forward distance from the passenger's 70 eye position to the center of the respective monitor 32B, 34B, 36B, as illustrated in
R=sqrt(X2+Y2)
In an example, D° in
The field of view V° in
To use simple lens assemblies, the preferred embodiment employs a different camera/lens combination for each desired field of view. However, for reasons of maximizing parts commonality, the present disclosure could employ, for all cameras in the video system, a camera/lens combination optimized for the widest field of view required and reduce the field of view of the images electronically as required. To increase the robustness, each camera may be designed as using a rigidly mounted lens with a focal length for producing the desired field of view for a monitor a particular distance from a seated passenger within the internal suite. In an example, the lens assembly can include a polarized lens to mitigate glare.
While the present disclosure is particularly well suited to a single passenger 70, it will retain some effectiveness for two passengers seated in close proximity with eye positions (passenger reference positions 72) close to one another as might be found when a couple is seated together on a double seat as shown in
The view through a typical aircraft window changes in both angle and field of view with changes in the eye position of the passenger. For example, as the passenger 70 moves aft relative to a window, the view shifts to a more forward-looking view. Similarly, as the passenger 70 moves closer to a window, the field of view through the window defines a larger angle. To provide a visual reference that is consistent with the vehicle's maneuvers, a monitor, 32B, 34B, 36B, emulating a window must display an image that approximates the view the passenger 70 would see if the monitor were actually a window. For this reason both the orientation and the field of view of the camera image for the monitor, 32B, 34B, 36B, must be determined based on the passenger reference position 72 of the passenger relative to the monitor, 32B, 34B, 36B.
Accordingly, if multiple monitors, 32B, 34B, 36B, emulating the row of windows (such as 32D, 34D, 36D) commonly found in an airplane are provided to a single passenger, each of the monitors preferably present a different image, with the orientation and field of view of each of the images being determined by the passenger's 70 estimated eye position relative to that respective monitor, 32B, 34B, 36B.
According to one embodiment, the passenger's 70 passenger reference position 72 is calculated using the headrest 62 position of the passenger's seat 38B when in the upright position used during taxi takeoff and landing (TTL). This passenger reference position 72 can be calculated as the seated eye height above the seat cushion and the head length forward of the head rest 300, 400. In addition to its simplicity of execution, the present preference for this method derives from the fact that the seated passenger 70 is obliged to have the seat in the TTL position during the periods of flight when the airplane is making the maneuvers likely to cause motion sickness or discomfort.
In an additional embodiment of the present disclosure, seat position sensors including, but not limited to, a recline position sensor can be employed to estimate the passenger's eye position as passenger reference position 72 when the passenger's seat 38B is not in the TTL position.
As a yet further embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in
The foregoing explanations are not intended to limit the methods of estimating or determining the passenger reference position 72 for the present disclosure. F°, D° and V° can be calculated as described above when using these or other methods of estimating or determining the passenger reference position 72 and images to be displayed on monitors modified by either mechanical, optical or electronic means to adjust F°, D° and V° as required.
Viewing a monitor at an acute angle can distort the perceived image. As used in the present disclosure, particularly as the angle F° increases, the image as viewed can appear compressed in the horizontal axis. This horizontal distortion can be adequately corrected by expanding the image in the horizontal axis by a factor equal to 1/cosine F°. In an example, when V° is calculated as above, the horizontal distortion does not impair the passenger's 70 perception of pitch changes or roll rate from the TTL position and can be ignored. The expansion of the image in the horizontal axis to correct the horizontal distortion when viewed from the TTL position may be objectionable in the cruise mode of flight, as the passenger 70 moves forward in the suite to dine or for other activities.
In an embodiment, the video system can include a sensor configured to estimate the passenger's 70 changing eye position as passenger reference position 72 and a controller configured to adjust F°, D° and V° as required based on a mathematical correction for the horizontal distortion. In an example, the mathematical correction for the horizontal distortion can be done by expanding the image horizontally by 1/cosine F°.
Airplane passenger windows typically have both a dual pane window and a dust cover proximate the passenger. In an example, an existing dust cover can be removed and the window frame at least partially filled or covered by the video capture assembly 700a-c including a glare shield having one or more viewing apertures for each camera to view through. In another example, the video capture assembly 700a-c can be placed between the window pane and the dust cover. In an example, the glare shield can be made from a composite lightweight, heat-resistant material or aluminum to provide a reflective surface to avoid overheating of the cameras. The glare shield may, in some embodiments, provide physical support for mounting the camera(s). In other embodiments, the video camera(s) may be mounted on a separate mount assembly connected to the glare shield, such that the glare shield provides little or no support to the video cameras. Although described as a single glare shield, in other embodiments, each video camera may be provided a separate glare shield.
The video capture assembly, including the video camera(s), glare shield(s), and camera mount assembly, may be physically supplied by an aircraft structure selected to maintain movement with the window pane. For example, the camera mount assembly may be configured to mount to an exterior wall of the aircraft.
In some embodiments, the video capture assembly is mounted as close as possible to the aircraft window. To reduce glare and thus reduce the size of antireflective masks upon the glare shield, for example, the video capture assembly may be mounted proximate the aircraft window.
In an example, the set of cameras 720a-c can include a first camera that is forward looking and is positioned uppermost on the glare shield 710b. The first camera can be relatively more acute and configured to view downward. In an example, the set of cameras 720a-c can include a second camera that is forward looking with a less acute angle and is positioned midpoint on the glare shield 710b. The second camera can be pitched downward slightly as compared to the first camera. In an example, the set of cameras 720a-c can include a third camera that is aft looking and is positioned lowermost on the glare shield 710b.
In an example, at least one camera 720a-c can be configured to point downward at a same angle relative to a transverse axis of the airplane. In an example, at least one camera 720a-c can be tilted to match a downward view directly transverse to the airplane. In an example, when the center of the window is at a seated eye height, the angles of at least one camera 720a-c can be straight out from the aircraft. In an example, each camera 720a-c can be locked at a particular angular point of view. Alternatively, at least one camera can be adjustable to have an adjustable angular point of view.
In an example, each camera 720a-c can have an aperture based on relationship between a viewpoint in the suite and the passenger reference position 72. In an aspect, the aperture can be minimally sized to prevent light from bouncing back to a lens of the camera 720a-c. In an example, each camera 720a-c can have a lens configured for a pyramidal or canal view.
In an example, a focal length of each camera 720a-c can be configured to provide a vertical angular field of view that passengers viewing the monitors will observe. In an example, the video system can be configured to create a vertical angular field of view of the passenger on a respective monitor matching a vertical height of focal length.
The video capture assembly 700 can be configured to subdue reflections from the exterior window 730 and re-radiated light that would otherwise reflect into a respective camera 720 in several ways. In some implementations, the video capture assembly can include a glare shield 810-880 configured to subdue reflections. In an example, an anti-reflective mask can be used to limit an amount of light coming into each camera. In another example, an aperture of the camera itself can be blackened out or otherwise treated with an antireflective mask to avoid reflections (not shown).
In some implementations, a glare shield 840 can be configured to subdue reflections from the exterior window 830 by being tilted at a tilt angle 842, acute or obtuse, with respect to the exterior window 830 (See
In some implementations, a glare shield 860 can include a polarized lens configured to subdue reflections from the exterior window 830 (See
In some implementations, a glare shield 860, 870 can be configured to subdue reflections from the exterior window 830 by having a partial convex contour 862 (See
Although the apertures 910-914 are illustrated with a particular vertical spacing and a particular horizontal spacing, the horizontal position and vertical position of each of the apertures 910-914 may be modified with little to no effect on the resultant video display. For instance,
As discussed, the antireflective masks illustrated in
In other embodiments, the antireflective masks may be arranged m an eye-pleasing display. Since the video capture assembly may be visible from the exterior of the aircraft, the carrier may prefer to have the antireflective masks arranged to present a pattern or evoke an image. This may involve extending the minimal boundary of each antireflective mask to incorporate the artistic details. For example, the footprints of each of the antireflective masks of
A method 1100 is provided for displaying a perspective exterior view of a vehicle within an enclosed suite. The method 1100 can be performed by a series of steps according to an example.
In some implementations, an image/video is captured from at least one camera (1110). In an example, capturing the image/video can include capturing image/video from a set of cameras each camera having a different recording position (1112). In another example, capturing the image/video can include capturing image/video from a set of cameras each camera having a different vertical recording position (1114). In another example, capturing the image/video can include capturing image/video from a set of cameras each camera having a different lateral recording position (1116). In an example, the different lateral recording position can be configured for generating a 3D image/video.
In some implementations, a reference position is received at the controller (1120). Examples of receiving a reference position include receiving a monitor position of a monitor (1122), receiving a head or eye position of a passenger (1124), and receiving a seat recline position (1126). In an example, receiving a monitor position of a monitor (1122) can be done by programming and looking up the monitor position in a look up table stored in memory. In an embodiment a passenger reference position can be received from a sensor as described above. In a further example, the passenger reference position may be a set value determined based on the head rest position.
In some implementations, a perspective view is calculated based on the passenger reference position (1130). In an example, the perspective view can be calculated based on the field of view V° as described in
In some implementations, a perspective image/video is generated based on the captured image/video and the perspective view (1140). In an example, the perspective image/video can be generated by applying the horizontal distortion correction using the controller.
In some implementations display of the perspective image/video on at least one monitor is controlled (1150). In an example, controlling display can include controlling display of the perspective image on an additional monitor, where each additional monitor has a different monitor position. Each camera of two or more cameras, for example, may be angled in accordance of an appropriate view for each monitor of two or more monitors. Controlling the display may include presenting the image/video captured by the appropriate camera to the appropriate monitor.
The method 1100, in some implementations, continues with capturing image or video data from the at least one camera and generating the perspective image/video for display on the at least one monitor (1160).
In some implementations, the passenger reference position may change during image/video capture and display (1170). In some examples, a parent may switch seats with a child, resulting in a much lower head position, or a passenger may recline the passenger seat. In the event that a position sensor identifies substantial displacement of the passenger's head position or movement of the passenger seat into the reclined position, the movement may result in a new reference position (e.g., such as the reference position described in relation to step 1120).
In some implementations, a perspective image/video is generated based on the captured image/video and a new perspective view calculated from the new position (1180). The perspective view, in some embodiments, is adjusted digitally. For example, images captured by the at least one camera may be filtered to a new perspective view. In other embodiments, the perspective view is adjusted by switching to different camera(s). In another example, a first camera or set of cameras may be mounted to provide an appropriate display when the passenger is in the upright position, while a second camera or set of cameras may be mounted to provide an appropriate display when the passenger is in a reclined position.
Upon setting the new perspective view, image/video may continue to be captured and video generated and displayed as described above (1160).
In some implementations, the video system can be configured to filter blue light displayed on the monitors. Blue light is known to activate cells in the eye that can affect alertness. Compared to viewing from an actual window, the video system configured to filter blue light can aid the passenger in preparing to sleep.
In some implementations, the video system can be configured to selectively display views from an opposite side of the airplane. For instance, a video system positioned on a right side of the airplane can be overridden to display a view from a video system positioned on a left side of the airplane. This feature can be useful in instances when the flight crew identifies landmarks that can be viewed from an actual window on a particular side of the airplane. For example, the airline captain or crew may briefly override the image feed to display a landmark such as the Grand Canyon to the passenger.
The foregoing detailed description of the innovations included herein is not intended to be limited to any specific figure or described embodiment. One of ordinary skill would readily envision numerous modifications and variations of the foregoing examples, and the scope of the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such modifications and variations. Accordingly, the scope of the claims presented is properly measured by the words of the appended claims using their ordinary meanings, consistent with the descriptions and depictions herein.
This application claims priority to: a) U.S. application Ser. No. 15/382,633 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Providing Attitude Reference for Vehicle Passengers” and filed Dec. 17, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 14/645,526 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Providing Attitude Reference for Vehicle Passengers” and filed Mar. 12, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/011,866 filed on Jun. 13, 2014; and b) U.S. application Ser. No. 14/645,526 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Providing Attitude Reference for Vehicle Passengers” and filed Mar. 12, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/011,866 filed on Jun. 13, 2014;
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